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考点05 强调句和省略句（知识精细化梳理）-2024年新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版）
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这是一份考点05 强调句和省略句（知识精细化梳理）-2024年新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版），共31页。
考点05 强调句和省略句
课前热身练
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．It was in the street ____I met an old classmate of mine the other day. (用适当的词填空)
2．They face a lot of challenges when________(try)to get food.（所给词的适当形式填空）
3．Although___________(face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to give up. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．I ____ go to the station to meet her but I didn’t see her. (用适当的词填空)
5．Though ________(defeat), he still felt happy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Though not ________(know) to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when ________(move) objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．Anyone, once _____ (test) positive for Ebola, the deadly disease, will receive free medical treatment from the government. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____ is to blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays. (用适当的词填空)
10．As in the early history of the United States, it was the English _______ set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空)
11．________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat. （用适当的词填空）
12．However, an awful accident ________happen yesterday. （用适当的词填空）
13． It's not the lack of interest or of masterpieces __________ bother the students. (用适当的词填空)
14．Don’t enter the office unless _____ (tell) to. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is ______you admire in this person. (用适当的词填空)
1．that
【详解】考查强调句句型。句意：前几天我正是在街上遇见了我的一个老同学。结合句意，表示“正是在街上（不是在其他地方）”，可知考查强调句型It is/was…that/who…，强调地点状语in the street，用that。故填that。
2．trying
【详解】考查省略句。句意：他们在获取食物时面临着很多挑战。此处是状语从句的省略，因主语they和前面的主语一致，故省略they和be动词。故填trying。
3．faced
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管面临种种困难，他从未想过放弃。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；本句还原后为Although he was faced with all kinds of difficulties，省略了he was 。故填faced。
4．did
【详解】考查强调谓语结构和时态。句意：我确实去车站接她了，但我没看见她。由句意知此处为对谓语动词短语go to the station的强调，需借助于助动词do，由but I didn’t see her可知动作发生在过去，一般过去时，应用助动词did。故填did。
5．defeated
【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：尽管失败了，他仍然感到高兴。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句的省略，从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，并且含有be动词时，可把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略，只需考虑所给动词和主语的逻辑关系，而本句中defeat与he是被动关系，用过去分词。故填defeated。
6．known
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：虽然在野外还不知道它们会使用工具，但在笼子里的时候，这些鸟已经证明了它们熟练地使用工具。分析可知，此处为状语从句中的省略，在状语从句中从句的主语和主句的主语相同且有be动词时，需要省略主语和be动词，即完整形式为Though not the birds are known to use tools in the wild。故填known。
7．moving
【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：这表明，当高芬凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物体时，确实拥有一种异心参照系，类似于两岁的婴儿。分析句子可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可省略从句中主语和Be动词，该句为省略从句主语Goffin’s cockatoos和be动词are。故填moving。
8．tested
【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：任何人一旦对埃博拉这种致命疾病检测呈阳性，都将接受政府的免费医疗。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句省略，补充完整从句为once he is tested positive for Ebola，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词。故填tested。
9．that
【详解】考查强调句。句意：如今学生们的负担沉重，该为此受到责备的是应试体制，而非老师。“it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who...”是强调句型，强调部分为人时，可使用who，其余情况均用that。“rather...than...”意为“是……而不是……”，此处强调的是test system而不是teachers，应使用that。故填that。
10．that/who
【详解】考查强调句。句意：在美国早期历史中，是英国人在美洲建立了殖民地。此处考查强调句it was+被强调部分+that/who...，被强调部分为the English，表人，设空处缺that或who。故填that/who。
11．It
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到我听说她生病了，我才知道她不能吃肉。该句是强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that/who+其他，强调内容为人时，用that/who，强调内容为物时，用that。此处强调的是时间状语从句。单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。
12．did
【详解】考查强调句。句意：然而，昨天确实发生了一个可怕的事故。句中yesterday表明该句为过去时态，但是happen为动词原形，可知本句是一个强调句型，对过去的强调用did+动词原形，故填did。
13．that
【详解】考查强调句。句意：困扰学生的不是缺乏兴趣的问题，也不是缺乏读物的问题。分析句子结构，这是一个强调句结构，被强调的部分为“not the lack of interest or of masterpieces”。根据强调句的用法，强调人的时候，使用that或who作为连接词，其他情况下使用that，故填that。
14．told
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被告知，否则不要进入办公室。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句的省略，补充完整从句为unless you are told to，当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填told。
15．that
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：通过这样做，你可以看明白你到底欣赏这个人的什么品质。根据句意可知，宾语从句句意完整，不缺成分，与强调句的特殊疑问句相似，即疑问词+is (was) it+that+句子其他成分，这里放在动词see后面作宾语从句，故使用了陈述语序，即疑问词+it is+that+句子其他成分，这里的it is和that只是强调句的形式标志，不做任何成分，故填that。
核心考点梳理
强调句
（一）定义
所谓强调，就是指要突出句子中的某一部分，使其显得更加重要。
（二）强调结构
一）强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。一般在谓语动词前面加助动词do, does或did。
He did write to you last week.
I do hope you a merry Christmas.
二）强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分
强调人
强调物
It is /was +强调部分+that/who +其他成分
强调主语、宾语、状语
只能是单数
1、强调成分
① 强调主语或主语从句
It was Mary who/that met her old classmate in the park yesterday.
It is what we do and how we do it that decide if we can succeed.
② 强调宾语或宾语从句
It was her old classmate who/that Mary met in the park yesterday.
It was when he would go abroad that he asked Tom.
③ 强调时间状语或时间状语从句
It was yesterday that Mary met her old classmate in the park.
It was when he got back that he knew what had happened.
④ 强调地点状语或地点状语从句
It was in the park that Mary met her old classmate yesterday.
It was where he went yesterday that he lost his bag.
⑤ 强调原因状语或原因状语从句
It was because of the bad weather that he postponed his trip.
It is because he had worked hard on his lesson that he passed the final exam.
注意：该句型可强调because引导原因状语从句，但通常不能强调由 since, as引导的原因状语从句，另外也不强调由although引导的让步状语从句。
2、疑问形式
Jim told us the news. (非强调句)
It was Jim that told us the news. (强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news. (强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that told us the news. (强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
总结：
①一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that+其他?
Was it in 1939 that The Second World War broke out?
②特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词+ is/was+it +that+其他?
What was it that made you so happy?
Who was it that phoned just now?
③反意疑问句的强调句型
It was at ten last night that I knew the news, wasn’t it?
④对特殊疑问句的强调置于从句中时：注意语序
I don’t know what it is that makes you sad.
3、时态
强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是过去的相应时态用It was...，是现在和将来的相应时态用It is....
It was two years ago that I began to learn drawing.
It's Mary who/that has done such terrible things.
It's Mary who/that will go to see the doctor tomorrow.
4、not…until的强调形式
强调含有not until的句子在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即it is(was)+not until从句+that +其它。
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
5、强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句译成中文时不可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼，若删去“It is / was...that...”，则原句不成立。而强调句型若删去“It is / was...that / who...”，原句结构与语意均完整，译成中文时，常可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼。
It is true that he once went to America.
It was at 8 o’clock that he came back.
6、强调句与状语从句的区别
It was at 7:00 that I arrived.正是在7:00时，我到了。(强调句型，强调时间状语at 7:00)
It was 7:00 when I arrived.当我到达时，时间是7:00。(时间状语从句，在7:00前无介词at)
7、含有定语从句的强调句型
在被强调的名词后再设计一个以该名词为先行词的定语从句，这时不要把定语从句当作强调句。
It was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.
三）双重否定表强调
Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
There is no rule that has no exception.
四）What引导的主语从句表强调
What he did was help the police catch the thief.
What really matters is cooperation.
五）倒装表强调
Little do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
六）比较状语表强调
Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
省略句
省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法，无论是说话还是写作，都要求生动活泼，简明扼要。按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分，但在一定语境中可独立存在，仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功能的句子则被称为省略句。省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练，而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻词语达到强调的作用。
省略句的分类
（一）句中成分的省略
1. 主语的省略
Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I）
Come on! 得了吧（你）！（Come前省略了主语You）
2. 谓语的省略
John is a lawyer，his wife (is) a cleaner.
Some of us study Japanese，others (study) English.
3. 表语的省略
She was a lover of sports as(因为) she had been in her youth(在她年轻的时候).（had been后面省略了a lover of sports）
4. 宾语的省略
Let’s do the cases. I’ll read and you’ll type.（read和 type后面省略了宾语cases）
5. 定语的省略
I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）
6. 状语的省略
She wasn’t cry. Strange! （Strange前面省略了状语how）
（二）句中结构的省略
1. 简单句的省略
1）名词所有格之后的省略
He is going to his uncle’s (house).
2) 含there be结构中的省略
(Is there) Anything wrong?
3) 独立主格结构中的分词如为being或having been时的省略
The examination (being) over, we all left the school.
4) 不定式的省略
（1）并列的不定式
Her job is to take care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes.
（2）为避免重复, 作某些动词hope, want等宾语或tell, order, ask的宾补时，省略不定式短语, 只保留不定式符号to.
The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to.
（此句中 not to 后省略了和上文相重复的play in the street.） .
（3）感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, hear或使役动词let, make, have,等后跟不定式作宾补时省略to.
I saw the girl cross the street.
I had my father repair my bike.
注意：当感官动词与使役动词用于被动时，需恢复to的省略! 如：The girl was seen to cross the street.
（4）有had better, would rather, can’t but 或Why not等句型后面直接跟动词原形，实际上是接省to的不定式。
You had better tell me the truth.
I could not but (to) laugh at him.
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
（5）在回答问句及其它形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把动词和其它部分省略。
— Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
— I'd like to. But I'm too busy. （ 此句中的I'd like to 后省略了come to dinner tonight.）
5) 介词（或介词短语）的省略
（1）动名词前面的介词in在一定条件下常被省略
We spent a large sum of money (in) building the mansion.
而当spend money in doing sth. 结构用于被动语态时in不能省略
A large sum of money was spent in building the mansion.
（2）near或opposite作形容词表示“在…的附近”或“在…对面”时后接的介词to可省略
It is near (to) the airport, opposite (to) the supermarket.
（3）of +形容词+名词作补语表示大小、年龄、形状、颜色或价格时of常被省略
We are（of）the same age, I suppose.
（4）含有side, height, length, size, shape等惯用语前介词on有时可被省略
Try to keep your discourse（on）this side of 3000 words．
（5）有些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配介词短语, 在以what, when, how, whether, that出现的从句或不定式短语之前有时被省略介词短语as to.
Be careful (as to) how you do that.
6) 同源宾语的省略
同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时可以省去该同源宾语
During the football match, the fans all shouted their loudest (shout).
She sang her sweetest (song).
7) 英语中惯用的省略句型
即，What/How about后只跟名词、代词或动名词（短语），以及感叹句中的省略现象。
How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden?
What a beautiful view (it is)!
2. 并列句中的省略
1) 并列句的省略是最常见的，一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都会被省略。
To some smile is very easy, and to others (smile is) so hard.
2) 简单句的并列结构中也常有省略的做法
We may go there by train or (by) air.
3）并列平行结构有时会出现在状语从句中
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
（此句中，前一个分句带一个As引导的状语从句，状语从句中 move away from 后为并列平行结构，their…，their…，their…在and后的分句中，the confidence后省略了is cut off.）
3. 复合句中的省略
1） 复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复时从句的句尾部分可省掉
Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor).
2）含有定语从句的复合句
（1）定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词；非正式文体中，也可省略关系副词when或why.
I shall never forget the day (when) I entered TV University.
I like the film for the very reason (why) you dislike it.
（2）关系代词as后面的主谓结构也可省略
He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.
3）含有宾语从句的复合句
（1）在两个并列的that从句如主动词及其宾语、表语、状语等都一样时可将第二个that从句的主动词及随带成份省略。
I guess Lisa will dance in the party but Jane won't (dance in the party).
（2）在两个并列的that从句如主语相同，而谓语不同，可把第二个that从句的连词和主语一起省略。
Tell Peter that I'll call to see him and (that I 'll ) have talk with him.
（3）在两个并列从句如连词不同而其它成份相同时，可省略第一分句和第二分句相同的部分，只把两个连词连接起来。
Her parents don't know when (she was born) and where she was born.
（4）在以某些形容词或过去分词，如：sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied的词所引导的宾语从句中，连词that可省略。
We aren’t sure which the best is.
I was very pleased my friend had passed the exam.
（5）在以which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句中，其谓语与主句谓语相同时省略全部谓语，有时甚至主语也可省略，只保留一个w h～的词。
He can’t go to school, but I don’t know why (he can’t go to school).
4）含有状语从句的复合句
状语从句中的省略原则是，如主语与主句主语一致，或主语是it，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分，从而使语言更加简洁明了。
（1）时间状语从句中的省略
I favor English when (I was) a pupil.
（2）地点状语从句中的省略
The river is clean where (it is) deep.
（3）让步状语从句中的省略
Although (she was) the youngest of the group, she won all the prizes.
（4）方式状语从句中的省略
The baby closed his eyes as if ( he were ) to sleep.
（5）条件状语从句中的省略
She won’t come unless (she is) invited.
（6）原因状语从句中的省略
(If we were) Given more attention, the plants could have grown better.
（7）比较状语从句中的省略
You can play the game just as wonderfully as I (do).
在以than和as引导的比较结构的状语从句中，省略某些与主句相同的成分或在特定上下文中有某些不言而喻的成分，可省掉整个as/than从句。
The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper. (than those in this shop), but (they are) not as good (as those in this shop).
（8）状语从句中并列结构的省略
在复合句中，如两个并列的状语从句只是从属连词不同，其它相同时，则可省略一个状语从句，而把两个从属连词连接起来。
They will be arriving either before (the film begins) or after the film begins.
5）虚拟语气条件句中if的省略.
与If引导的条件从句中含有were, had时，可将if省略, 并用倒装结构。
Were I you , I wouldn’t go with him.
当堂知识检测
1．If ______ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．having asked
2．Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A．since B．as C．that D．he
3．It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A．one B．that C．what D．it
4．.----What did he want to know, Anne?
-----_______I could finish writing the report.
A．When was it B．It was when that C．It was when D．When it was that
5．When_______， the museum will be open to the public next month．
A．to complete B．completes
C．completing D．completed
6．We can learn from the educational program how to make positive choices when _________ with personal conflicts.
A．we face B．facing C．faced D．being faced
7．When was ________ you met your best friend at the street?
A．it that B．it C．the time D．there
8．Was it in Tianjin ________ you spent your childhood?
A．when B．which C．that D．why
9．Why! I have nothing to explain. you want me to say?
A．What is it that B．What it is that
C．How is it that D．How it is that
10．Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon?
A．when; on B．that; on C．when; in D．that; in
11．It was when the private company successfully launched astronauts into space__________I knew it would open up more opportunities in the space industry.
A．which B．how C．where D．that
12．In fact, it was in the United States ________ Mike met his wife and married her.
A．when B．that C．where D．which
13．—How is the man injured in the accident?
—The doctor said if________ in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.
A．treated B．treating C．is treated D．to be treated
14．Once ________above 100 centigrade, water can become vapour.
A．heating B．heated C．to heat D．to be heated
15．Many left-behind children, when ______ formal education, will probably show their talent in many aspects.
A．receive B．received C．to receive D．receiving
16．Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two.
A．If you may B．If you do C．If not D．If so
17．In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ___________.
A．that used to be B．it is used to
C．it was used to D．it used to be
18．Anyone，once positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A．to be tested B．being tested
C．tested D．to test
19．（2014·湖南）Children, when_________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied B．to accompany
C．accompanying D．accompanied
20．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that B．where
C．why D．when
21．I don’t mind her criticizing me, but___is how she does it that I object to.
A．it B．that
C．this D．which
22．It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A．where B．why
C．that D．what
23．Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?
A．why B．who C．where D．that
24．（2016﹒天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A．who B．which
C．where D．that
25．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A．which B．that
C．when D．where
26．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
A．who is B．that is
C．who are D．whom are
27．— Were all the articles of clothing for the models carried to the fashion show?
— No,_______only some of them.
A．it is B．it was C．they are D．they were
28．It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England________they met each other and became fast friends.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
29．Fanny asked ________ made that odd looking little cat so popular.
A．what was it that B．what was that
C．what it was that D．what that was
30．It is what you do rather than what you say __________ matters.
A．that B．what
C．which D．this
31．It was ______ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A．repairing B．repaired C．to repair D．in repair
32．It was the trip to Tibet three years ago________completely changed his attitude towards life.
A．that B．when C．who D．how
33．It was he ______ read the books in the library yesterday.
A．which B．who C．whose D．whom
34．It was at the beginning ______ he made the decision ______ we should send more firefighters there.
A．that; that B．when; which C．there; what D．where; what
35．It is in this very town, __________Tom was born 40 years ago, __________he will build a new school, __________excites everyone in the town.
A．that; that; which B．that; where; that C．where; that; which D．where; when; that
36．It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A．that; where B．which; that
C．whom; that D．which; where
37．Is it the school ________ you once studied for two years ________ will be rebuilt with the help of the Hope Project?
A．where; that B．that; which C．when; which D．which; that
38．It is only when we get ill ______ we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy.
A．until B．while C．once D．that
39．It was at five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.
A．since B．when C．that D．until
40．He was born in an extended family. His family, is richer than mine.
A．if so B．if anything C．if ever D．if not
41．This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when ___ together, could lead to heart disease.
A．taken B．taking C．to take D．having taken
42．—Will you go to the party?
—Of course I will if ________.
A．invited B．having invited C．I was invited D．I will be invited
43．While ________ in the street, he came across his old friend.
A．to walk B．walking C．walked D．he walk
44．I didn’t feel ________ at all when ________ myself at the beginning of this school year.
A．confident, introducing B．confidently, introducing
C．confident, introduced D．confidently, introduced
45．________for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A．If it is not B．Were it not C．Had it not been D．If it has not been
46．As is known to us all, ________, the situation will get worse.
A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not dealt carefully with
C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with
47．Never ask a child ________ he likes or dislikes a food and just take it for granted that he likes everything and he probably ________.
A．that… will B．that … can
C．whether … will D．whether … can
48．When________ from a distance, to tell the truth, the scenery appears more breathtaking.
A．seeing B．being seen C．seen D．having seen
49．When ________to compare the education system of China and Britain, the professor gave no answer.
A．ask B．asking C．asked D．to ask
50．When ________ to feel unworthy, children often work extra hard to please their parents.
A．to make B．making C．made D．having made
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查省略。句意：如果被要求给别人照看行李，立刻通知警方。根据句意可知，if引导的条件状语从句意为“如果你被要求给别人照看行李”，是if you are asked to look after luggage for someone else，当if引导的从句主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略，因此空格处是asked，故选A。
2．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：是谁救了这个溺水女孩？分析句子结构，把 was it 和该空去掉，该句结构完整，语义清晰，所以判断该句为强调句，被强调部分为 who，是强调句的特殊疑问句，强调句的特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词 + is/was + it that...故选C项。
3．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：重要的是你做这份工作的能力，而不是你来自哪里或你是什么。把It is和该空去掉，这个句子结构完整，语义清晰，因此判断该句是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是：it is/was +被强调部分+ that +句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。该句对主语the ability to do the job进行强调，用that，故选B。
4．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：——Anne，他想知道些什么？——我什么时候能够写完报告。强调句的特殊疑问句“特殊疑问词 + is / was + it that…？”，此处用强调句型的特殊疑问句形式来作know的宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。完整的回答应是：He wanted to know when it was that I could finish the report，故选D。
5．D
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：博物馆建成后将于下月对公众开放。分析句子可知，本句使用了when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且含有be动词时，从句主语连同be动词可以一起被省略，这里省略了主语the museum和be动词is，原句为：When the museum is completed。故选D。
6．C
【详解】考查时态，固定短语和省略。句意：我们可以从教育节目中学习如何在面对个人冲突时做出积极的选择。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面对”，根据语境可知，when引导的时间状语从句是when we are faced wth personal conflicts，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是faced，故选C。
7．A
【详解】考查强调句。句意：你是什么时候在街上遇到你最好的朋友的？观察选项和句意可知，句子是强调句的特殊疑问句，固定结构是“疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分”，特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分，因此空格处是it that。故选A。
8．C
【详解】考查强调句式。句意：你是在天津度过童年的吗。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式的一般疑问句，Is/Was it +强调部分+that+剩余句子部分。故选C项。
9．A
【详解】考查强调句。句意：为什么！我没什么要解释的，你到底想要我说什么。根据题干中you want me to say（你想要我说什么），缺宾语，意为“什么”，故填what，可以排除C、D两项，疑问句要用疑问语序，并且强调句是对疑问词进行强调，故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查强调句型和介词辨析。句意：是在1969年美国人成功的登陆月球的吗？第一空填that是强调句的一般疑问句，结构是：Was/Is it +强调部分+that（指人也可以是who），这句话强调的是时间状语in 1969，第二空填介词succeed in doing成功做某事，故选D。
【点睛】本题考查强调句型：it is/was+被强调成分+that/who…；强调句型的最大特点是把it is/was…that/who…去掉句子仍然成立。
11．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：当私人公司成功地将宇航员送入太空时，我知道这将为航天工业开辟更多的机会。强调句型的结构为It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who +其它。当被强调内容为人时，用who,其它全部用that。该句式的特点为去掉It is/was和 that，其余部分在不添加内容的情况下，重写后依然为完整的句子。本句中去掉It is/was和 that，重写句子为：When the private company successfully launched astronauts into space, I knew it would open up more opportunities in the space industry.其中when…space,为时间状语从句，其余部分为主语。句子结构完整。所以，选项D符合题意。故选D。
12．B
【详解】考查强调句式。句意：事实上，迈克是在美国遇到他的妻子并和她结婚的。分析句子结构可知，此处考查了强调句式（it be ... that/who ..），强调了原句的地点状语“in the United States”，所以空格处应该填that。故选B项。
13．A
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：——那个人在事故中是怎么受伤的？——医生说如果治疗得当，他是有可能得救的。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。if引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词为was，则可以省略从句的主语和be动词，故用done形式作状语。故选A。
14．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：水一旦被加热到100摄氏度以上，就会变成蒸汽。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once water is heated，主语和is被省略。故选B项。
15．D
【详解】考查省略句。句意：许多留守儿童在接受正规教育后，可能会在许多方面展现出他们的才能。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，逻辑主语children和动词receive是主动关系，因此使用现在分词做状语。故选D。
16．D
【详解】考查状语从句以及省略。 句意：你们有些人可能已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话，你可以继续读第二单元。根据you can go on to unit two.可知，如果这样的话，你可以继续读第二单元。故选D项。
17．D
【详解】考查比较状语从句的省略句。句意：以我看来，21世纪的生活比过去容易。(than)it used to be是比较状语从句，it指上文中的life，used to be表示“过去是”。根据所提供的情景“life in the twenty-first century is much easier than”可判断出表示“以我看来，21世纪的生活比过去容易”。be used to后接动词+ing形式作宾语，表示“习惯于”，其主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词。故选D项。
18．C
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：任何人一旦被检验出H7N9流感病毒呈阳性，都将免费接受来自政府的医学治疗。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：once anyone is tested, 省略了主语和is。故选C。
19．D
【详解】考查省略句。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。 本题考查状语从句省略，原句为Children, when they are accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 省略了 they are。故选D项。
20．A
【详解】考查强调句型。 句意：快到信的末尾时她才提到自己的计划。分析句子可推断出此处考查not until的强调句，形式是“it is/was not until..that…”, 故选A。
21．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我不在乎她批评我，但我反对的是她批评我的方式。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型：It is/was...who/that..本句中对how she does it进行强调。故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子的其他成分，结合选项，故选C。
【名师点睛】强调句的句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型，It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型，同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who+其他部分？
4. not…until…句型的强调句，句型为：It is/ was not until +被强调部分+ that +其他部分。
23．D
【详解】课程强调句。句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？A为什么；B谁；C哪儿；D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故答案选D。
【点睛】强调句型的构成：it is / was +被强调部分+ that /who +其他，当被强调部分是人的时候that 、who均可使用，否则只能用that。判断强调句型的方法是去掉it is / was ……that /who后句子仍然成立。比如：It was in London that they met each other for the first time .
24．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
25．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。
26．C
【详解】考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成这个工作？这是强调句的一般疑问句，因为是强调的是人，连接词用that和who都可以，由or连接两个以上主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致，由此可以排除A和B；whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语，所以排除D。故C选项正确。
27．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：——模特们的衣服都带到时装秀上了吗？——不，只是其中一些。此空是对上一句的回答，上一句用一般过去时，本空也用一般过去时，本句是强调句型，原句为it was only some of them that were carried to the fashion show，此处省略了that were carried to the fashion show，所以用it was。故选B项。
28．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知，这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句，而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。
【点睛】强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的，这里有一个重要的区分方法：区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District（省略插入语），显然结构与意义都是完整的，确实为强调句。
29．C
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：Fanny问是什么使那只长相古怪的小猫如此受欢迎。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作 asked的宾语，从句中缺少表语，所以应用 what 引导。又因为从句中包含一个强调句，所以应用 “it is (was) ... that + 其他” 的结构，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故此处应为 what it was that。故正确答案为C。
30．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：重要的是你所做的事情，而不是你所说的话。It is...that是强调句型，可以强调除谓语外的任何成分，what you do和what you say是主语从句，rather than而不是；本题强调的是主语部分。句子不缺少主语，故不是名词性从句，也不是定语从句，this不能引导从句；排除B、C、D；故选A。
31．A
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：老人整个上午都待在家里，就是在修理旧钟。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，且根据短语spend time (in) doing sth.，可知此处应用repairing，被强调部分为repairing the old clock。故选A。
32．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是3年前去西藏的那次旅行完全改变了他对生活的态度。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。如果把句子中的“It was”和空格处要填的连词去掉，剩余的部分“the trip to Tibet three years ago completely changed his attitude towards life.”正好是一个完整的句子，而且原句话中含有“正是，就是”的意思，有强调的语气，所以是强调句型。句子中被强调的部分“ the trip to Tibet three years ago”是指事情，不是指人，所以用that即可。故选A。
33．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是他昨天在图书馆读了这些书。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，结构为it +be+强调部分+that/who从句，本句强调的部分为he指人，应用who来引导，故选B项。
34．A
【详解】考查强调句型和同位语从句。句意：就在一开始，他就作出决定，我们应该派更多的消防员去那里。分析句子可知，第一空和句首的“It was”构成强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语at the beginning，故第一空用that；第二空引导同位语从句，对名词decision的内容补充说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故选A项。
35．C
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在这个40年前汤姆出生的小镇上，他将建造一所新学校，这使镇上的每个人都感到兴奋。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是town，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；第二空与前文“It is in this very town”构成强调句，强调地点状语“in this very town”，应用that；第三空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是school，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选C项。
36．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是lab，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导；第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in the lab，故此处用that。故选B项。
37．A
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：在希望工程的帮助下将要重建的是你曾经学习过两年的学校吗？第一空，分析句子结构，此题考查定语从句。先行词为school，从句中缺少地点状语，应填关系副词where引导，第二空，“is it+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的疑问句形式，应填that。故填A。
38．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。A. untl直到；B. while在……期间；C. once一旦；D. that用于引导各类从句。去掉“It is ...”结构框架后句子不缺少主语、谓语、宾语等成分，仍然成立，所以该句是强调句。强调句的句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”，被强调的是状语“only when we get ill”，所以设空处只能是that。故选D项。
39．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：他们是在下午五点的时候爬到山顶的。A. since自从；B. when当……时候；C. that那；D. until直到。强调句型的结构是：用“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”。该句去掉“It was... that”结构后，句子依然成立且通顺，所以该句为强调句，强调的是“at five o’clock in the afternoon”。故选C项。
40．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他出生在一个大家庭里。如果要说有什么区别的话，他家比我家更有钱。A. if so如果是这样的话；B. if anything如果有什么区别的话；C. if ever如果有过的话；D. if not如果不。状语从句省略了it is，根据后文“is richer than mine”可知是将自己与他进行比较，说明二者的区别是他家比“我家”更有钱。故选B。
41．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论，当这两种药物同时服用时，可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以可能从需用过去分词taken，故选A。
42．A
【详解】考查省略句。句意：——你会去参加聚会吗？——如果我被邀请的话，当然会去。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处遵循“主将从现”原则，从句完整形式为“if I am invited”，相当于省略了I am。故选A。
43．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他走在大街上，他偶遇了他的老朋友。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；此处while引导的完整句子为“While he was walking in the street”，句子省略了主语he和be动词，此处应用现在分词。故选B项。
44．A
【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。句意：这学年开始我介绍自己的时候，我一点都不自信。根据句子结构可知，第一个空要用形容词做表语，表示主语的状态，所以第一个空填confident；第二个空考查“when”引导的时间状语从句的省略：当主从句主语一致，并且从句谓语有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。根据意思可知，introduce这个动作是主句主语“I”主动发出的动作，所以完整的句子应该是“when I was introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，省略了从句的主语和be动词之后，就是“when introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，所以第二个空填introducing。故选A。
45．C
【详解】考查if引导的非真实条件句和部分倒装。句意：如果不是因为有这张免费票，我就不会去看电影了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，且if省略时，则从句用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语的前面。故选C。
46．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：众所周知，如果不小心处理，情况会变得更糟。此处是状语从句的省略，if引导的条件状语从句中，主语和主句主语the situation一致，和谓语部分deal with之间是被动关系，故从句完整形式为if it is not dealt carefully with，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故选B项。
47．C
【详解】考查名词性从句以及省略。句意：永远不要问孩子他喜不喜欢某种食物，想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，他就可能会喜欢。第一空引导宾语从句，因空后有or，whether...or...是固定用法；根据句意可知，第二空应译为“想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，并且他就可能会喜欢”，因此句子完整形式应为take it for granted that he likes everything and he probably will like everything。因and前后都有like everything，因此and后面的部分可省略。故选C项。
48．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：说实话，从远处看，景色显得更美。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，the scenery与see是被动关系，用被动语态，相当于：When the scenery is seen...，省略the scenery is。故选C。
49．C
【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及比较中国和英国的教育制度时，教授没有回答。分析句子可知，本句符合时间状语从句的省略情况，即主句主语与从句主语一致，均为the professor，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的时候，从句的主语和be动词可省略，所以此处其实完整从句为When (the professor was) asked to compare the education system of China and Britain，所以填asked，表示“被问到”。故选C项。
50．C
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和过去分词。句意：当孩子们感到不值得时，他们往往会格外努力以取悦父母。在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句相同，所以可省略从句中的主语和系动词。动词make意为“使，让”，和主语构成被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式。故选C。
课后巩固提高
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．adaptable B．classic C． determined D．effectively E. fundamentally
F. immediately G. sideways H. stretched I. survival J. underside K. upright
While running through a leafy park days ago, I passed dozens of tree species of different sizes and ages, and I was suddenly struck by how 51 similar they were. Wide trunks split into smaller branches in the same sort of way. You could guess the height of a tree just by looking at how wide its trunk is. We would notice 52 if someone drew a tree with branches that were too wide or a trunk that was too thin. What makes a tree look like a tree?
Maximising the sunlight hitting the tree’s leaves is obviously critical for the tree’s 53 . But the size and shape of the branches is largely 54 by a different standards: a tree must be strong enough to stay standing 55 , possibly for centuries.
Imagine an oak tree, with branches reaching 56 off the main trunk. Each branch has to support its own considerable weight, so the wood in its lower half is slightly compressed and the top half is being 57 . That top layer of a branch takes the weight of the branch. And a particular type of wood has grown there to do that job. It’s called reaction wood, because it formed as reinforcement (增强) to take the increasing weight as the branch grew. The trees that reinforce on top the branches are the “lollipop” ones: 58 branching species like oaks.
But there is another way of solving that problem. Some trees grow their reinforcing reaction wood on the 59 instead, so the branch is pushed up, rather than pulled from above. It works, but not as 60 , so these trees can’t support large side branches. The ones that reinforce underneath have a thick trunk with much smaller side branches, and they grow to be conical—some examples of these trees are pines and firs.
oak
pine
fir
Why Are Trees Tree-shaped?
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．ranging B．appropriately C． association D．facilitating
E. evidence F. modest G. obtaining H. offered
I. rose J. steer K. treatment
That throbbing headache just won’t go away and your mind is racing about what might be wrong. It turns out googling your symptoms may not be as ill-advised as once thought.
Although some doctors advise against turning to the internet before going to the clinic, a new study suggests that researching symptoms online may not be harmful after all, and could lead to 61 improvements in diagnosis (诊断).
Using “Dr. Google” is controversial, with fears that it can lead to inaccurate diagnoses, bad advice on where to seek 62 , and increased anxiety.
Previous research into the subject has been limited to observational studies of internet search behavior, so researchers from Harvard sought to empirically (以经验为主地) measure the 63 of an internet search with diagnosis, triage (分诊，即按患者伤势决定治疗次序), and anxiety by presenting 5,000 people in the US with a series of symptoms and asking them to imagine someone close to them was experiencing the symptoms
The participants were made up of roughly equal numbers of men and women with an average age of 45. They were asked to provide a diagnosis based on the given information，which ranged from mild to severe, and described common illnesses such as viruses, heart attacks and stroke.Then, they looked up their case symptoms on the internet and again 64 a diagnosis. Participants were also asked to select a triage level, 65 from “let the health issue get better on its own” to calling emergency services, and to record their anxiety levels.
The result showed a sharp increase in diagnosis accuracy, which was 49.8% before the search and 66 to 54% after the search. However, there was no difference in triage accuracy, or anxiety, the authors wrote in the journal JAMA Network Open.
About three-quarters of the study participants were able to identify the severity of a situation, and 67 choose when to seek care.
The lead author, Dr. David Levine, said the findings suggested that medical experts and policymakers probably did not need to 68 patients away from the internet when it came to seeking health information and self-diagnosis or triage. Instead, using the internet was likely to help patients figure out what was wrong.
“Many physicians believe that using the internet to search for one’s symptoms is a bad idea and this provides some 69 that is unlikely the case,” he said. “Searchers for the most part did not use poor sources of information such as chat forums or social media. This similarly refutes the idea that folks who search the internet are 70 ‘bad advice’ from poor data sources.”
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．hints B．dominant C． oriented D．duly
E. rhyme F. featuring G. preservation H. inheritance
I. symbolizes J. historically K. morality
Huizhou heritage comes to life
It was a natural choice for veteran Huang Yu, after serving in the army and owning a business in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, for years, to go back to his hometown in Xidi village, Huangshan, Anhui province, in 2016. He took over the homestay his parents opened when he was a middle school student.
In 2000, Xidi and the nearby Hongcun village were declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO for their outstanding 71 of rural architecture dating to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. Now, walking along the bluestone streets in Xidi or Hongcun, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses, 72 white walls, dark tiles and layered horse-head gables, and feel like they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting.
This level of preservation could not be achieved without the participation of local residents. According to Huang, this awareness is not new - since all streets and alleys in Xidi are paved with bluestone, 73 , street dealers carrying wares on shoulder poles were forbidden from letting their poles touch the ground in order to protect the bluestone.
A local folk 74 says: “One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou. At 13 or 14 he is kicked out of his hometown to make a living.” It 75 at the struggles once endured by the people of Huizhou. Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, a group of Huizhou merchants became famous, trading in salt, wood and tea, and working as pawnbrokers (当铺老板) with a reputation for 76 and honesty.
“Some folk customs have been retained and newly 77 toward tourism, offering glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people.”These customs are revived as a demonstration for tourists, and to maintain the 78 of traditional culture. Zhang Wangnan, director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan says “This 79 the combination of intangible with tangible cultural heritage.”
He further suggests that the old Huizhou villages explore and find their own unique, marketable themes. “Each of them should find a 80 local feature, whether it is tea, chrysanthemum or rapeseed flowers, and then make it the theme of the village, so that they can give full play to their distinctive cultural charm.”
参考答案：
21．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我不在乎她批评我，但我反对的是她批评我的方式。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型：It is/was...who/that..本句中对how she does it进行强调。故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子的其他成分，结合选项，故选C。
【名师点睛】强调句的句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型，It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型，同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who+其他部分？
4. not…until…句型的强调句，句型为：It is/ was not until +被强调部分+ that +其他部分。
23．D
【详解】课程强调句。句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？A为什么；B谁；C哪儿；D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故答案选D。
【点睛】强调句型的构成：it is / was +被强调部分+ that /who +其他，当被强调部分是人的时候that 、who均可使用，否则只能用that。判断强调句型的方法是去掉it is / was ……that /who后句子仍然成立。比如：It was in London that they met each other for the first time .
24．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
25．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。
26．C
【详解】考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成这个工作？这是强调句的一般疑问句，因为是强调的是人，连接词用that和who都可以，由or连接两个以上主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致，由此可以排除A和B；whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语，所以排除D。故C选项正确。
27．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：——模特们的衣服都带到时装秀上了吗？——不，只是其中一些。此空是对上一句的回答，上一句用一般过去时，本空也用一般过去时，本句是强调句型，原句为it was only some of them that were carried to the fashion show，此处省略了that were carried to the fashion show，所以用it was。故选B项。
28．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知，这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句，而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。
【点睛】强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的，这里有一个重要的区分方法：区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District（省略插入语），显然结构与意义都是完整的，确实为强调句。
29．C
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：Fanny问是什么使那只长相古怪的小猫如此受欢迎。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作 asked的宾语，从句中缺少表语，所以应用 what 引导。又因为从句中包含一个强调句，所以应用 “it is (was) ... that + 其他” 的结构，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故此处应为 what it was that。故正确答案为C。
30．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：重要的是你所做的事情，而不是你所说的话。It is...that是强调句型，可以强调除谓语外的任何成分，what you do和what you say是主语从句，rather than而不是；本题强调的是主语部分。句子不缺少主语，故不是名词性从句，也不是定语从句，this不能引导从句；排除B、C、D；故选A。
31．A
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：老人整个上午都待在家里，就是在修理旧钟。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，且根据短语spend time (in) doing sth.，可知此处应用repairing，被强调部分为repairing the old clock。故选A。
32．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是3年前去西藏的那次旅行完全改变了他对生活的态度。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。如果把句子中的“It was”和空格处要填的连词去掉，剩余的部分“the trip to Tibet three years ago completely changed his attitude towards life.”正好是一个完整的句子，而且原句话中含有“正是，就是”的意思，有强调的语气，所以是强调句型。句子中被强调的部分“ the trip to Tibet three years ago”是指事情，不是指人，所以用that即可。故选A。
33．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是他昨天在图书馆读了这些书。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，结构为it +be+强调部分+that/who从句，本句强调的部分为he指人，应用who来引导，故选B项。
34．A
【详解】考查强调句型和同位语从句。句意：就在一开始，他就作出决定，我们应该派更多的消防员去那里。分析句子可知，第一空和句首的“It was”构成强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语at the beginning，故第一空用that；第二空引导同位语从句，对名词decision的内容补充说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故选A项。
35．C
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在这个40年前汤姆出生的小镇上，他将建造一所新学校，这使镇上的每个人都感到兴奋。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是town，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；第二空与前文“It is in this very town”构成强调句，强调地点状语“in this very town”，应用that；第三空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是school，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选C项。
36．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是lab，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导；第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in the lab，故此处用that。故选B项。
37．A
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：在希望工程的帮助下将要重建的是你曾经学习过两年的学校吗？第一空，分析句子结构，此题考查定语从句。先行词为school，从句中缺少地点状语，应填关系副词where引导，第二空，“is it+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的疑问句形式，应填that。故填A。
38．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。A. untl直到；B. while在……期间；C. once一旦；D. that用于引导各类从句。去掉“It is ...”结构框架后句子不缺少主语、谓语、宾语等成分，仍然成立，所以该句是强调句。强调句的句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”，被强调的是状语“only when we get ill”，所以设空处只能是that。故选D项。
39．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：他们是在下午五点的时候爬到山顶的。A. since自从；B. when当……时候；C. that那；D. until直到。强调句型的结构是：用“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”。该句去掉“It was... that”结构后，句子依然成立且通顺，所以该句为强调句，强调的是“at five o’clock in the afternoon”。故选C项。
40．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他出生在一个大家庭里。如果要说有什么区别的话，他家比我家更有钱。A. if so如果是这样的话；B. if anything如果有什么区别的话；C. if ever如果有过的话；D. if not如果不。状语从句省略了it is，根据后文“is richer than mine”可知是将自己与他进行比较，说明二者的区别是他家比“我家”更有钱。故选B。
41．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论，当这两种药物同时服用时，可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以可能从需用过去分词taken，故选A。
42．A
【详解】考查省略句。句意：——你会去参加聚会吗？——如果我被邀请的话，当然会去。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处遵循“主将从现”原则，从句完整形式为“if I am invited”，相当于省略了I am。故选A。
43．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他走在大街上，他偶遇了他的老朋友。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；此处while引导的完整句子为“While he was walking in the street”，句子省略了主语he和be动词，此处应用现在分词。故选B项。
44．A
【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。句意：这学年开始我介绍自己的时候，我一点都不自信。根据句子结构可知，第一个空要用形容词做表语，表示主语的状态，所以第一个空填confident；第二个空考查“when”引导的时间状语从句的省略：当主从句主语一致，并且从句谓语有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。根据意思可知，introduce这个动作是主句主语“I”主动发出的动作，所以完整的句子应该是“when I was introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，省略了从句的主语和be动词之后，就是“when introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，所以第二个空填introducing。故选A。
45．C
【详解】考查if引导的非真实条件句和部分倒装。句意：如果不是因为有这张免费票，我就不会去看电影了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，且if省略时，则从句用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语的前面。故选C。
46．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：众所周知，如果不小心处理，情况会变得更糟。此处是状语从句的省略，if引导的条件状语从句中，主语和主句主语the situation一致，和谓语部分deal with之间是被动关系，故从句完整形式为if it is not dealt carefully with，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故选B项。
47．C
【详解】考查名词性从句以及省略。句意：永远不要问孩子他喜不喜欢某种食物，想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，他就可能会喜欢。第一空引导宾语从句，因空后有or，whether...or...是固定用法；根据句意可知，第二空应译为“想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，并且他就可能会喜欢”，因此句子完整形式应为take it for granted that he likes everything and he probably will like everything。因and前后都有like everything，因此and后面的部分可省略。故选C项。
48．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：说实话，从远处看，景色显得更美。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，the scenery与see是被动关系，用被动语态，相当于：When the scenery is seen...，省略the scenery is。故选C。
49．C
【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及比较中国和英国的教育制度时，教授没有回答。分析句子可知，本句符合时间状语从句的省略情况，即主句主语与从句主语一致，均为the professor，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的时候，从句的主语和be动词可省略，所以此处其实完整从句为When (the professor was) asked to compare the education system of China and Britain，所以填asked，表示“被问到”。故选C项。
50．C
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和过去分词。句意：当孩子们感到不值得时，他们往往会格外努力以取悦父母。在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句相同，所以可省略从句中的主语和系动词。动词make意为“使，让”，和主语构成被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式。故选C。
考点05 强调句和省略句
课前热身练
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．It was in the street ____I met an old classmate of mine the other day. (用适当的词填空)
2．They face a lot of challenges when________(try)to get food.（所给词的适当形式填空）
3．Although___________(face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to give up. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．I ____ go to the station to meet her but I didn’t see her. (用适当的词填空)
5．Though ________(defeat), he still felt happy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Though not ________(know) to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when ________(move) objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．Anyone, once _____ (test) positive for Ebola, the deadly disease, will receive free medical treatment from the government. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____ is to blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays. (用适当的词填空)
10．As in the early history of the United States, it was the English _______ set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空)
11．________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat. （用适当的词填空）
12．However, an awful accident ________happen yesterday. （用适当的词填空）
13． It's not the lack of interest or of masterpieces __________ bother the students. (用适当的词填空)
14．Don’t enter the office unless _____ (tell) to. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is ______you admire in this person. (用适当的词填空)
1．that
【详解】考查强调句句型。句意：前几天我正是在街上遇见了我的一个老同学。结合句意，表示“正是在街上（不是在其他地方）”，可知考查强调句型It is/was…that/who…，强调地点状语in the street，用that。故填that。
2．trying
【详解】考查省略句。句意：他们在获取食物时面临着很多挑战。此处是状语从句的省略，因主语they和前面的主语一致，故省略they和be动词。故填trying。
3．faced
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管面临种种困难，他从未想过放弃。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；本句还原后为Although he was faced with all kinds of difficulties，省略了he was 。故填faced。
4．did
【详解】考查强调谓语结构和时态。句意：我确实去车站接她了，但我没看见她。由句意知此处为对谓语动词短语go to the station的强调，需借助于助动词do，由but I didn’t see her可知动作发生在过去，一般过去时，应用助动词did。故填did。
5．defeated
【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：尽管失败了，他仍然感到高兴。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句的省略，从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，并且含有be动词时，可把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略，只需考虑所给动词和主语的逻辑关系，而本句中defeat与he是被动关系，用过去分词。故填defeated。
6．known
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：虽然在野外还不知道它们会使用工具，但在笼子里的时候，这些鸟已经证明了它们熟练地使用工具。分析可知，此处为状语从句中的省略，在状语从句中从句的主语和主句的主语相同且有be动词时，需要省略主语和be动词，即完整形式为Though not the birds are known to use tools in the wild。故填known。
7．moving
【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：这表明，当高芬凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物体时，确实拥有一种异心参照系，类似于两岁的婴儿。分析句子可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可省略从句中主语和Be动词，该句为省略从句主语Goffin’s cockatoos和be动词are。故填moving。
8．tested
【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：任何人一旦对埃博拉这种致命疾病检测呈阳性，都将接受政府的免费医疗。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句省略，补充完整从句为once he is tested positive for Ebola，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词。故填tested。
9．that
【详解】考查强调句。句意：如今学生们的负担沉重，该为此受到责备的是应试体制，而非老师。“it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who...”是强调句型，强调部分为人时，可使用who，其余情况均用that。“rather...than...”意为“是……而不是……”，此处强调的是test system而不是teachers，应使用that。故填that。
10．that/who
【详解】考查强调句。句意：在美国早期历史中，是英国人在美洲建立了殖民地。此处考查强调句it was+被强调部分+that/who...，被强调部分为the English，表人，设空处缺that或who。故填that/who。
11．It
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到我听说她生病了，我才知道她不能吃肉。该句是强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that/who+其他，强调内容为人时，用that/who，强调内容为物时，用that。此处强调的是时间状语从句。单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。
12．did
【详解】考查强调句。句意：然而，昨天确实发生了一个可怕的事故。句中yesterday表明该句为过去时态，但是happen为动词原形，可知本句是一个强调句型，对过去的强调用did+动词原形，故填did。
13．that
【详解】考查强调句。句意：困扰学生的不是缺乏兴趣的问题，也不是缺乏读物的问题。分析句子结构，这是一个强调句结构，被强调的部分为“not the lack of interest or of masterpieces”。根据强调句的用法，强调人的时候，使用that或who作为连接词，其他情况下使用that，故填that。
14．told
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被告知，否则不要进入办公室。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句的省略，补充完整从句为unless you are told to，当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填told。
15．that
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：通过这样做，你可以看明白你到底欣赏这个人的什么品质。根据句意可知，宾语从句句意完整，不缺成分，与强调句的特殊疑问句相似，即疑问词+is (was) it+that+句子其他成分，这里放在动词see后面作宾语从句，故使用了陈述语序，即疑问词+it is+that+句子其他成分，这里的it is和that只是强调句的形式标志，不做任何成分，故填that。
核心考点梳理
强调句
（一）定义
所谓强调，就是指要突出句子中的某一部分，使其显得更加重要。
（二）强调结构
一）强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。一般在谓语动词前面加助动词do, does或did。
He did write to you last week.
I do hope you a merry Christmas.
二）强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分
强调人
强调物
It is /was +强调部分+that/who +其他成分
强调主语、宾语、状语
只能是单数
1、强调成分
① 强调主语或主语从句
It was Mary who/that met her old classmate in the park yesterday.
It is what we do and how we do it that decide if we can succeed.
② 强调宾语或宾语从句
It was her old classmate who/that Mary met in the park yesterday.
It was when he would go abroad that he asked Tom.
③ 强调时间状语或时间状语从句
It was yesterday that Mary met her old classmate in the park.
It was when he got back that he knew what had happened.
④ 强调地点状语或地点状语从句
It was in the park that Mary met her old classmate yesterday.
It was where he went yesterday that he lost his bag.
⑤ 强调原因状语或原因状语从句
It was because of the bad weather that he postponed his trip.
It is because he had worked hard on his lesson that he passed the final exam.
注意：该句型可强调because引导原因状语从句，但通常不能强调由 since, as引导的原因状语从句，另外也不强调由although引导的让步状语从句。
2、疑问形式
Jim told us the news. (非强调句)
It was Jim that told us the news. (强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news. (强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that told us the news. (强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
总结：
①一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that+其他?
Was it in 1939 that The Second World War broke out?
②特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词+ is/was+it +that+其他?
What was it that made you so happy?
Who was it that phoned just now?
③反意疑问句的强调句型
It was at ten last night that I knew the news, wasn’t it?
④对特殊疑问句的强调置于从句中时：注意语序
I don’t know what it is that makes you sad.
3、时态
强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是过去的相应时态用It was...，是现在和将来的相应时态用It is....
It was two years ago that I began to learn drawing.
It's Mary who/that has done such terrible things.
It's Mary who/that will go to see the doctor tomorrow.
4、not…until的强调形式
强调含有not until的句子在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即it is(was)+not until从句+that +其它。
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
5、强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句译成中文时不可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼，若删去“It is / was...that...”，则原句不成立。而强调句型若删去“It is / was...that / who...”，原句结构与语意均完整，译成中文时，常可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼。
It is true that he once went to America.
It was at 8 o’clock that he came back.
6、强调句与状语从句的区别
It was at 7:00 that I arrived.正是在7:00时，我到了。(强调句型，强调时间状语at 7:00)
It was 7:00 when I arrived.当我到达时，时间是7:00。(时间状语从句，在7:00前无介词at)
7、含有定语从句的强调句型
在被强调的名词后再设计一个以该名词为先行词的定语从句，这时不要把定语从句当作强调句。
It was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.
三）双重否定表强调
Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
There is no rule that has no exception.
四）What引导的主语从句表强调
What he did was help the police catch the thief.
What really matters is cooperation.
五）倒装表强调
Little do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
六）比较状语表强调
Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
省略句
省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法，无论是说话还是写作，都要求生动活泼，简明扼要。按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分，但在一定语境中可独立存在，仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功能的句子则被称为省略句。省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练，而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻词语达到强调的作用。
省略句的分类
（一）句中成分的省略
1. 主语的省略
Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I）
Come on! 得了吧（你）！（Come前省略了主语You）
2. 谓语的省略
John is a lawyer，his wife (is) a cleaner.
Some of us study Japanese，others (study) English.
3. 表语的省略
She was a lover of sports as(因为) she had been in her youth(在她年轻的时候).（had been后面省略了a lover of sports）
4. 宾语的省略
Let’s do the cases. I’ll read and you’ll type.（read和 type后面省略了宾语cases）
5. 定语的省略
I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）
6. 状语的省略
She wasn’t cry. Strange! （Strange前面省略了状语how）
（二）句中结构的省略
1. 简单句的省略
1）名词所有格之后的省略
He is going to his uncle’s (house).
2) 含there be结构中的省略
(Is there) Anything wrong?
3) 独立主格结构中的分词如为being或having been时的省略
The examination (being) over, we all left the school.
4) 不定式的省略
（1）并列的不定式
Her job is to take care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes.
（2）为避免重复, 作某些动词hope, want等宾语或tell, order, ask的宾补时，省略不定式短语, 只保留不定式符号to.
The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to.
（此句中 not to 后省略了和上文相重复的play in the street.） .
（3）感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, hear或使役动词let, make, have,等后跟不定式作宾补时省略to.
I saw the girl cross the street.
I had my father repair my bike.
注意：当感官动词与使役动词用于被动时，需恢复to的省略! 如：The girl was seen to cross the street.
（4）有had better, would rather, can’t but 或Why not等句型后面直接跟动词原形，实际上是接省to的不定式。
You had better tell me the truth.
I could not but (to) laugh at him.
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
（5）在回答问句及其它形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把动词和其它部分省略。
— Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
— I'd like to. But I'm too busy. （ 此句中的I'd like to 后省略了come to dinner tonight.）
5) 介词（或介词短语）的省略
（1）动名词前面的介词in在一定条件下常被省略
We spent a large sum of money (in) building the mansion.
而当spend money in doing sth. 结构用于被动语态时in不能省略
A large sum of money was spent in building the mansion.
（2）near或opposite作形容词表示“在…的附近”或“在…对面”时后接的介词to可省略
It is near (to) the airport, opposite (to) the supermarket.
（3）of +形容词+名词作补语表示大小、年龄、形状、颜色或价格时of常被省略
We are（of）the same age, I suppose.
（4）含有side, height, length, size, shape等惯用语前介词on有时可被省略
Try to keep your discourse（on）this side of 3000 words．
（5）有些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配介词短语, 在以what, when, how, whether, that出现的从句或不定式短语之前有时被省略介词短语as to.
Be careful (as to) how you do that.
6) 同源宾语的省略
同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时可以省去该同源宾语
During the football match, the fans all shouted their loudest (shout).
She sang her sweetest (song).
7) 英语中惯用的省略句型
即，What/How about后只跟名词、代词或动名词（短语），以及感叹句中的省略现象。
How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden?
What a beautiful view (it is)!
2. 并列句中的省略
1) 并列句的省略是最常见的，一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都会被省略。
To some smile is very easy, and to others (smile is) so hard.
2) 简单句的并列结构中也常有省略的做法
We may go there by train or (by) air.
3）并列平行结构有时会出现在状语从句中
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
（此句中，前一个分句带一个As引导的状语从句，状语从句中 move away from 后为并列平行结构，their…，their…，their…在and后的分句中，the confidence后省略了is cut off.）
3. 复合句中的省略
1） 复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复时从句的句尾部分可省掉
Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor).
2）含有定语从句的复合句
（1）定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词；非正式文体中，也可省略关系副词when或why.
I shall never forget the day (when) I entered TV University.
I like the film for the very reason (why) you dislike it.
（2）关系代词as后面的主谓结构也可省略
He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.
3）含有宾语从句的复合句
（1）在两个并列的that从句如主动词及其宾语、表语、状语等都一样时可将第二个that从句的主动词及随带成份省略。
I guess Lisa will dance in the party but Jane won't (dance in the party).
（2）在两个并列的that从句如主语相同，而谓语不同，可把第二个that从句的连词和主语一起省略。
Tell Peter that I'll call to see him and (that I 'll ) have talk with him.
（3）在两个并列从句如连词不同而其它成份相同时，可省略第一分句和第二分句相同的部分，只把两个连词连接起来。
Her parents don't know when (she was born) and where she was born.
（4）在以某些形容词或过去分词，如：sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied的词所引导的宾语从句中，连词that可省略。
We aren’t sure which the best is.
I was very pleased my friend had passed the exam.
（5）在以which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句中，其谓语与主句谓语相同时省略全部谓语，有时甚至主语也可省略，只保留一个w h～的词。
He can’t go to school, but I don’t know why (he can’t go to school).
4）含有状语从句的复合句
状语从句中的省略原则是，如主语与主句主语一致，或主语是it，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分，从而使语言更加简洁明了。
（1）时间状语从句中的省略
I favor English when (I was) a pupil.
（2）地点状语从句中的省略
The river is clean where (it is) deep.
（3）让步状语从句中的省略
Although (she was) the youngest of the group, she won all the prizes.
（4）方式状语从句中的省略
The baby closed his eyes as if ( he were ) to sleep.
（5）条件状语从句中的省略
She won’t come unless (she is) invited.
（6）原因状语从句中的省略
(If we were) Given more attention, the plants could have grown better.
（7）比较状语从句中的省略
You can play the game just as wonderfully as I (do).
在以than和as引导的比较结构的状语从句中，省略某些与主句相同的成分或在特定上下文中有某些不言而喻的成分，可省掉整个as/than从句。
The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper. (than those in this shop), but (they are) not as good (as those in this shop).
（8）状语从句中并列结构的省略
在复合句中，如两个并列的状语从句只是从属连词不同，其它相同时，则可省略一个状语从句，而把两个从属连词连接起来。
They will be arriving either before (the film begins) or after the film begins.
5）虚拟语气条件句中if的省略.
与If引导的条件从句中含有were, had时，可将if省略, 并用倒装结构。
Were I you , I wouldn’t go with him.
当堂知识检测
1．If ______ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．having asked
2．Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A．since B．as C．that D．he
3．It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A．one B．that C．what D．it
4．.----What did he want to know, Anne?
-----_______I could finish writing the report.
A．When was it B．It was when that C．It was when D．When it was that
5．When_______， the museum will be open to the public next month．
A．to complete B．completes
C．completing D．completed
6．We can learn from the educational program how to make positive choices when _________ with personal conflicts.
A．we face B．facing C．faced D．being faced
7．When was ________ you met your best friend at the street?
A．it that B．it C．the time D．there
8．Was it in Tianjin ________ you spent your childhood?
A．when B．which C．that D．why
9．Why! I have nothing to explain. you want me to say?
A．What is it that B．What it is that
C．How is it that D．How it is that
10．Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon?
A．when; on B．that; on C．when; in D．that; in
11．It was when the private company successfully launched astronauts into space__________I knew it would open up more opportunities in the space industry.
A．which B．how C．where D．that
12．In fact, it was in the United States ________ Mike met his wife and married her.
A．when B．that C．where D．which
13．—How is the man injured in the accident?
—The doctor said if________ in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.
A．treated B．treating C．is treated D．to be treated
14．Once ________above 100 centigrade, water can become vapour.
A．heating B．heated C．to heat D．to be heated
15．Many left-behind children, when ______ formal education, will probably show their talent in many aspects.
A．receive B．received C．to receive D．receiving
16．Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two.
A．If you may B．If you do C．If not D．If so
17．In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ___________.
A．that used to be B．it is used to
C．it was used to D．it used to be
18．Anyone，once positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A．to be tested B．being tested
C．tested D．to test
19．（2014·湖南）Children, when_________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied B．to accompany
C．accompanying D．accompanied
20．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that B．where
C．why D．when
21．I don’t mind her criticizing me, but___is how she does it that I object to.
A．it B．that
C．this D．which
22．It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A．where B．why
C．that D．what
23．Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?
A．why B．who C．where D．that
24．（2016﹒天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A．who B．which
C．where D．that
25．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A．which B．that
C．when D．where
26．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
A．who is B．that is
C．who are D．whom are
27．— Were all the articles of clothing for the models carried to the fashion show?
— No,_______only some of them.
A．it is B．it was C．they are D．they were
28．It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England________they met each other and became fast friends.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
29．Fanny asked ________ made that odd looking little cat so popular.
A．what was it that B．what was that
C．what it was that D．what that was
30．It is what you do rather than what you say __________ matters.
A．that B．what
C．which D．this
31．It was ______ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A．repairing B．repaired C．to repair D．in repair
32．It was the trip to Tibet three years ago________completely changed his attitude towards life.
A．that B．when C．who D．how
33．It was he ______ read the books in the library yesterday.
A．which B．who C．whose D．whom
34．It was at the beginning ______ he made the decision ______ we should send more firefighters there.
A．that; that B．when; which C．there; what D．where; what
35．It is in this very town, __________Tom was born 40 years ago, __________he will build a new school, __________excites everyone in the town.
A．that; that; which B．that; where; that C．where; that; which D．where; when; that
36．It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A．that; where B．which; that
C．whom; that D．which; where
37．Is it the school ________ you once studied for two years ________ will be rebuilt with the help of the Hope Project?
A．where; that B．that; which C．when; which D．which; that
38．It is only when we get ill ______ we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy.
A．until B．while C．once D．that
39．It was at five o’clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.
A．since B．when C．that D．until
40．He was born in an extended family. His family, is richer than mine.
A．if so B．if anything C．if ever D．if not
41．This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when ___ together, could lead to heart disease.
A．taken B．taking C．to take D．having taken
42．—Will you go to the party?
—Of course I will if ________.
A．invited B．having invited C．I was invited D．I will be invited
43．While ________ in the street, he came across his old friend.
A．to walk B．walking C．walked D．he walk
44．I didn’t feel ________ at all when ________ myself at the beginning of this school year.
A．confident, introducing B．confidently, introducing
C．confident, introduced D．confidently, introduced
45．________for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A．If it is not B．Were it not C．Had it not been D．If it has not been
46．As is known to us all, ________, the situation will get worse.
A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not dealt carefully with
C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with
47．Never ask a child ________ he likes or dislikes a food and just take it for granted that he likes everything and he probably ________.
A．that… will B．that … can
C．whether … will D．whether … can
48．When________ from a distance, to tell the truth, the scenery appears more breathtaking.
A．seeing B．being seen C．seen D．having seen
49．When ________to compare the education system of China and Britain, the professor gave no answer.
A．ask B．asking C．asked D．to ask
50．When ________ to feel unworthy, children often work extra hard to please their parents.
A．to make B．making C．made D．having made
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查省略。句意：如果被要求给别人照看行李，立刻通知警方。根据句意可知，if引导的条件状语从句意为“如果你被要求给别人照看行李”，是if you are asked to look after luggage for someone else，当if引导的从句主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略，因此空格处是asked，故选A。
2．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：是谁救了这个溺水女孩？分析句子结构，把 was it 和该空去掉，该句结构完整，语义清晰，所以判断该句为强调句，被强调部分为 who，是强调句的特殊疑问句，强调句的特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词 + is/was + it that...故选C项。
3．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：重要的是你做这份工作的能力，而不是你来自哪里或你是什么。把It is和该空去掉，这个句子结构完整，语义清晰，因此判断该句是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是：it is/was +被强调部分+ that +句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。该句对主语the ability to do the job进行强调，用that，故选B。
4．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：——Anne，他想知道些什么？——我什么时候能够写完报告。强调句的特殊疑问句“特殊疑问词 + is / was + it that…？”，此处用强调句型的特殊疑问句形式来作know的宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。完整的回答应是：He wanted to know when it was that I could finish the report，故选D。
5．D
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：博物馆建成后将于下月对公众开放。分析句子可知，本句使用了when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且含有be动词时，从句主语连同be动词可以一起被省略，这里省略了主语the museum和be动词is，原句为：When the museum is completed。故选D。
6．C
【详解】考查时态，固定短语和省略。句意：我们可以从教育节目中学习如何在面对个人冲突时做出积极的选择。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面对”，根据语境可知，when引导的时间状语从句是when we are faced wth personal conflicts，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是faced，故选C。
7．A
【详解】考查强调句。句意：你是什么时候在街上遇到你最好的朋友的？观察选项和句意可知，句子是强调句的特殊疑问句，固定结构是“疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分”，特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分，因此空格处是it that。故选A。
8．C
【详解】考查强调句式。句意：你是在天津度过童年的吗。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式的一般疑问句，Is/Was it +强调部分+that+剩余句子部分。故选C项。
9．A
【详解】考查强调句。句意：为什么！我没什么要解释的，你到底想要我说什么。根据题干中you want me to say（你想要我说什么），缺宾语，意为“什么”，故填what，可以排除C、D两项，疑问句要用疑问语序，并且强调句是对疑问词进行强调，故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查强调句型和介词辨析。句意：是在1969年美国人成功的登陆月球的吗？第一空填that是强调句的一般疑问句，结构是：Was/Is it +强调部分+that（指人也可以是who），这句话强调的是时间状语in 1969，第二空填介词succeed in doing成功做某事，故选D。
【点睛】本题考查强调句型：it is/was+被强调成分+that/who…；强调句型的最大特点是把it is/was…that/who…去掉句子仍然成立。
11．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：当私人公司成功地将宇航员送入太空时，我知道这将为航天工业开辟更多的机会。强调句型的结构为It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who +其它。当被强调内容为人时，用who,其它全部用that。该句式的特点为去掉It is/was和 that，其余部分在不添加内容的情况下，重写后依然为完整的句子。本句中去掉It is/was和 that，重写句子为：When the private company successfully launched astronauts into space, I knew it would open up more opportunities in the space industry.其中when…space,为时间状语从句，其余部分为主语。句子结构完整。所以，选项D符合题意。故选D。
12．B
【详解】考查强调句式。句意：事实上，迈克是在美国遇到他的妻子并和她结婚的。分析句子结构可知，此处考查了强调句式（it be ... that/who ..），强调了原句的地点状语“in the United States”，所以空格处应该填that。故选B项。
13．A
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：——那个人在事故中是怎么受伤的？——医生说如果治疗得当，他是有可能得救的。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。if引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词为was，则可以省略从句的主语和be动词，故用done形式作状语。故选A。
14．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：水一旦被加热到100摄氏度以上，就会变成蒸汽。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once water is heated，主语和is被省略。故选B项。
15．D
【详解】考查省略句。句意：许多留守儿童在接受正规教育后，可能会在许多方面展现出他们的才能。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，逻辑主语children和动词receive是主动关系，因此使用现在分词做状语。故选D。
16．D
【详解】考查状语从句以及省略。 句意：你们有些人可能已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话，你可以继续读第二单元。根据you can go on to unit two.可知，如果这样的话，你可以继续读第二单元。故选D项。
17．D
【详解】考查比较状语从句的省略句。句意：以我看来，21世纪的生活比过去容易。(than)it used to be是比较状语从句，it指上文中的life，used to be表示“过去是”。根据所提供的情景“life in the twenty-first century is much easier than”可判断出表示“以我看来，21世纪的生活比过去容易”。be used to后接动词+ing形式作宾语，表示“习惯于”，其主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词。故选D项。
18．C
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：任何人一旦被检验出H7N9流感病毒呈阳性，都将免费接受来自政府的医学治疗。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：once anyone is tested, 省略了主语和is。故选C。
19．D
【详解】考查省略句。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。 本题考查状语从句省略，原句为Children, when they are accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 省略了 they are。故选D项。
20．A
【详解】考查强调句型。 句意：快到信的末尾时她才提到自己的计划。分析句子可推断出此处考查not until的强调句，形式是“it is/was not until..that…”, 故选A。
21．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我不在乎她批评我，但我反对的是她批评我的方式。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型：It is/was...who/that..本句中对how she does it进行强调。故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子的其他成分，结合选项，故选C。
【名师点睛】强调句的句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型，It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型，同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who+其他部分？
4. not…until…句型的强调句，句型为：It is/ was not until +被强调部分+ that +其他部分。
23．D
【详解】课程强调句。句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？A为什么；B谁；C哪儿；D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故答案选D。
【点睛】强调句型的构成：it is / was +被强调部分+ that /who +其他，当被强调部分是人的时候that 、who均可使用，否则只能用that。判断强调句型的方法是去掉it is / was ……that /who后句子仍然成立。比如：It was in London that they met each other for the first time .
24．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
25．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。
26．C
【详解】考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成这个工作？这是强调句的一般疑问句，因为是强调的是人，连接词用that和who都可以，由or连接两个以上主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致，由此可以排除A和B；whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语，所以排除D。故C选项正确。
27．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：——模特们的衣服都带到时装秀上了吗？——不，只是其中一些。此空是对上一句的回答，上一句用一般过去时，本空也用一般过去时，本句是强调句型，原句为it was only some of them that were carried to the fashion show，此处省略了that were carried to the fashion show，所以用it was。故选B项。
28．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知，这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句，而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。
【点睛】强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的，这里有一个重要的区分方法：区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District（省略插入语），显然结构与意义都是完整的，确实为强调句。
29．C
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：Fanny问是什么使那只长相古怪的小猫如此受欢迎。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作 asked的宾语，从句中缺少表语，所以应用 what 引导。又因为从句中包含一个强调句，所以应用 “it is (was) ... that + 其他” 的结构，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故此处应为 what it was that。故正确答案为C。
30．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：重要的是你所做的事情，而不是你所说的话。It is...that是强调句型，可以强调除谓语外的任何成分，what you do和what you say是主语从句，rather than而不是；本题强调的是主语部分。句子不缺少主语，故不是名词性从句，也不是定语从句，this不能引导从句；排除B、C、D；故选A。
31．A
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：老人整个上午都待在家里，就是在修理旧钟。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，且根据短语spend time (in) doing sth.，可知此处应用repairing，被强调部分为repairing the old clock。故选A。
32．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是3年前去西藏的那次旅行完全改变了他对生活的态度。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。如果把句子中的“It was”和空格处要填的连词去掉，剩余的部分“the trip to Tibet three years ago completely changed his attitude towards life.”正好是一个完整的句子，而且原句话中含有“正是，就是”的意思，有强调的语气，所以是强调句型。句子中被强调的部分“ the trip to Tibet three years ago”是指事情，不是指人，所以用that即可。故选A。
33．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是他昨天在图书馆读了这些书。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，结构为it +be+强调部分+that/who从句，本句强调的部分为he指人，应用who来引导，故选B项。
34．A
【详解】考查强调句型和同位语从句。句意：就在一开始，他就作出决定，我们应该派更多的消防员去那里。分析句子可知，第一空和句首的“It was”构成强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语at the beginning，故第一空用that；第二空引导同位语从句，对名词decision的内容补充说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故选A项。
35．C
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在这个40年前汤姆出生的小镇上，他将建造一所新学校，这使镇上的每个人都感到兴奋。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是town，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；第二空与前文“It is in this very town”构成强调句，强调地点状语“in this very town”，应用that；第三空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是school，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选C项。
36．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是lab，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导；第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in the lab，故此处用that。故选B项。
37．A
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：在希望工程的帮助下将要重建的是你曾经学习过两年的学校吗？第一空，分析句子结构，此题考查定语从句。先行词为school，从句中缺少地点状语，应填关系副词where引导，第二空，“is it+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的疑问句形式，应填that。故填A。
38．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。A. untl直到；B. while在……期间；C. once一旦；D. that用于引导各类从句。去掉“It is ...”结构框架后句子不缺少主语、谓语、宾语等成分，仍然成立，所以该句是强调句。强调句的句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”，被强调的是状语“only when we get ill”，所以设空处只能是that。故选D项。
39．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：他们是在下午五点的时候爬到山顶的。A. since自从；B. when当……时候；C. that那；D. until直到。强调句型的结构是：用“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”。该句去掉“It was... that”结构后，句子依然成立且通顺，所以该句为强调句，强调的是“at five o’clock in the afternoon”。故选C项。
40．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他出生在一个大家庭里。如果要说有什么区别的话，他家比我家更有钱。A. if so如果是这样的话；B. if anything如果有什么区别的话；C. if ever如果有过的话；D. if not如果不。状语从句省略了it is，根据后文“is richer than mine”可知是将自己与他进行比较，说明二者的区别是他家比“我家”更有钱。故选B。
41．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论，当这两种药物同时服用时，可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以可能从需用过去分词taken，故选A。
42．A
【详解】考查省略句。句意：——你会去参加聚会吗？——如果我被邀请的话，当然会去。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处遵循“主将从现”原则，从句完整形式为“if I am invited”，相当于省略了I am。故选A。
43．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他走在大街上，他偶遇了他的老朋友。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；此处while引导的完整句子为“While he was walking in the street”，句子省略了主语he和be动词，此处应用现在分词。故选B项。
44．A
【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。句意：这学年开始我介绍自己的时候，我一点都不自信。根据句子结构可知，第一个空要用形容词做表语，表示主语的状态，所以第一个空填confident；第二个空考查“when”引导的时间状语从句的省略：当主从句主语一致，并且从句谓语有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。根据意思可知，introduce这个动作是主句主语“I”主动发出的动作，所以完整的句子应该是“when I was introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，省略了从句的主语和be动词之后，就是“when introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，所以第二个空填introducing。故选A。
45．C
【详解】考查if引导的非真实条件句和部分倒装。句意：如果不是因为有这张免费票，我就不会去看电影了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，且if省略时，则从句用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语的前面。故选C。
46．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：众所周知，如果不小心处理，情况会变得更糟。此处是状语从句的省略，if引导的条件状语从句中，主语和主句主语the situation一致，和谓语部分deal with之间是被动关系，故从句完整形式为if it is not dealt carefully with，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故选B项。
47．C
【详解】考查名词性从句以及省略。句意：永远不要问孩子他喜不喜欢某种食物，想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，他就可能会喜欢。第一空引导宾语从句，因空后有or，whether...or...是固定用法；根据句意可知，第二空应译为“想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，并且他就可能会喜欢”，因此句子完整形式应为take it for granted that he likes everything and he probably will like everything。因and前后都有like everything，因此and后面的部分可省略。故选C项。
48．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：说实话，从远处看，景色显得更美。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，the scenery与see是被动关系，用被动语态，相当于：When the scenery is seen...，省略the scenery is。故选C。
49．C
【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及比较中国和英国的教育制度时，教授没有回答。分析句子可知，本句符合时间状语从句的省略情况，即主句主语与从句主语一致，均为the professor，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的时候，从句的主语和be动词可省略，所以此处其实完整从句为When (the professor was) asked to compare the education system of China and Britain，所以填asked，表示“被问到”。故选C项。
50．C
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和过去分词。句意：当孩子们感到不值得时，他们往往会格外努力以取悦父母。在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句相同，所以可省略从句中的主语和系动词。动词make意为“使，让”，和主语构成被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式。故选C。
课后巩固提高
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．adaptable B．classic C． determined D．effectively E. fundamentally
F. immediately G. sideways H. stretched I. survival J. underside K. upright
While running through a leafy park days ago, I passed dozens of tree species of different sizes and ages, and I was suddenly struck by how 51 similar they were. Wide trunks split into smaller branches in the same sort of way. You could guess the height of a tree just by looking at how wide its trunk is. We would notice 52 if someone drew a tree with branches that were too wide or a trunk that was too thin. What makes a tree look like a tree?
Maximising the sunlight hitting the tree’s leaves is obviously critical for the tree’s 53 . But the size and shape of the branches is largely 54 by a different standards: a tree must be strong enough to stay standing 55 , possibly for centuries.
Imagine an oak tree, with branches reaching 56 off the main trunk. Each branch has to support its own considerable weight, so the wood in its lower half is slightly compressed and the top half is being 57 . That top layer of a branch takes the weight of the branch. And a particular type of wood has grown there to do that job. It’s called reaction wood, because it formed as reinforcement (增强) to take the increasing weight as the branch grew. The trees that reinforce on top the branches are the “lollipop” ones: 58 branching species like oaks.
But there is another way of solving that problem. Some trees grow their reinforcing reaction wood on the 59 instead, so the branch is pushed up, rather than pulled from above. It works, but not as 60 , so these trees can’t support large side branches. The ones that reinforce underneath have a thick trunk with much smaller side branches, and they grow to be conical—some examples of these trees are pines and firs.
oak
pine
fir
Why Are Trees Tree-shaped?
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．ranging B．appropriately C． association D．facilitating
E. evidence F. modest G. obtaining H. offered
I. rose J. steer K. treatment
That throbbing headache just won’t go away and your mind is racing about what might be wrong. It turns out googling your symptoms may not be as ill-advised as once thought.
Although some doctors advise against turning to the internet before going to the clinic, a new study suggests that researching symptoms online may not be harmful after all, and could lead to 61 improvements in diagnosis (诊断).
Using “Dr. Google” is controversial, with fears that it can lead to inaccurate diagnoses, bad advice on where to seek 62 , and increased anxiety.
Previous research into the subject has been limited to observational studies of internet search behavior, so researchers from Harvard sought to empirically (以经验为主地) measure the 63 of an internet search with diagnosis, triage (分诊，即按患者伤势决定治疗次序), and anxiety by presenting 5,000 people in the US with a series of symptoms and asking them to imagine someone close to them was experiencing the symptoms
The participants were made up of roughly equal numbers of men and women with an average age of 45. They were asked to provide a diagnosis based on the given information，which ranged from mild to severe, and described common illnesses such as viruses, heart attacks and stroke.Then, they looked up their case symptoms on the internet and again 64 a diagnosis. Participants were also asked to select a triage level, 65 from “let the health issue get better on its own” to calling emergency services, and to record their anxiety levels.
The result showed a sharp increase in diagnosis accuracy, which was 49.8% before the search and 66 to 54% after the search. However, there was no difference in triage accuracy, or anxiety, the authors wrote in the journal JAMA Network Open.
About three-quarters of the study participants were able to identify the severity of a situation, and 67 choose when to seek care.
The lead author, Dr. David Levine, said the findings suggested that medical experts and policymakers probably did not need to 68 patients away from the internet when it came to seeking health information and self-diagnosis or triage. Instead, using the internet was likely to help patients figure out what was wrong.
“Many physicians believe that using the internet to search for one’s symptoms is a bad idea and this provides some 69 that is unlikely the case,” he said. “Searchers for the most part did not use poor sources of information such as chat forums or social media. This similarly refutes the idea that folks who search the internet are 70 ‘bad advice’ from poor data sources.”
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．hints B．dominant C． oriented D．duly
E. rhyme F. featuring G. preservation H. inheritance
I. symbolizes J. historically K. morality
Huizhou heritage comes to life
It was a natural choice for veteran Huang Yu, after serving in the army and owning a business in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, for years, to go back to his hometown in Xidi village, Huangshan, Anhui province, in 2016. He took over the homestay his parents opened when he was a middle school student.
In 2000, Xidi and the nearby Hongcun village were declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO for their outstanding 71 of rural architecture dating to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. Now, walking along the bluestone streets in Xidi or Hongcun, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses, 72 white walls, dark tiles and layered horse-head gables, and feel like they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting.
This level of preservation could not be achieved without the participation of local residents. According to Huang, this awareness is not new - since all streets and alleys in Xidi are paved with bluestone, 73 , street dealers carrying wares on shoulder poles were forbidden from letting their poles touch the ground in order to protect the bluestone.
A local folk 74 says: “One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou. At 13 or 14 he is kicked out of his hometown to make a living.” It 75 at the struggles once endured by the people of Huizhou. Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, a group of Huizhou merchants became famous, trading in salt, wood and tea, and working as pawnbrokers (当铺老板) with a reputation for 76 and honesty.
“Some folk customs have been retained and newly 77 toward tourism, offering glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people.”These customs are revived as a demonstration for tourists, and to maintain the 78 of traditional culture. Zhang Wangnan, director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan says “This 79 the combination of intangible with tangible cultural heritage.”
He further suggests that the old Huizhou villages explore and find their own unique, marketable themes. “Each of them should find a 80 local feature, whether it is tea, chrysanthemum or rapeseed flowers, and then make it the theme of the village, so that they can give full play to their distinctive cultural charm.”
参考答案：
21．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我不在乎她批评我，但我反对的是她批评我的方式。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型：It is/was...who/that..本句中对how she does it进行强调。故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子的其他成分，结合选项，故选C。
【名师点睛】强调句的句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型，It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型，同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who+其他部分？
4. not…until…句型的强调句，句型为：It is/ was not until +被强调部分+ that +其他部分。
23．D
【详解】课程强调句。句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？A为什么；B谁；C哪儿；D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故答案选D。
【点睛】强调句型的构成：it is / was +被强调部分+ that /who +其他，当被强调部分是人的时候that 、who均可使用，否则只能用that。判断强调句型的方法是去掉it is / was ……that /who后句子仍然成立。比如：It was in London that they met each other for the first time .
24．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
25．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。
26．C
【详解】考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成这个工作？这是强调句的一般疑问句，因为是强调的是人，连接词用that和who都可以，由or连接两个以上主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致，由此可以排除A和B；whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语，所以排除D。故C选项正确。
27．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：——模特们的衣服都带到时装秀上了吗？——不，只是其中一些。此空是对上一句的回答，上一句用一般过去时，本空也用一般过去时，本句是强调句型，原句为it was only some of them that were carried to the fashion show，此处省略了that were carried to the fashion show，所以用it was。故选B项。
28．D
【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知，这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句，而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。
【点睛】强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的，这里有一个重要的区分方法：区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District（省略插入语），显然结构与意义都是完整的，确实为强调句。
29．C
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：Fanny问是什么使那只长相古怪的小猫如此受欢迎。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作 asked的宾语，从句中缺少表语，所以应用 what 引导。又因为从句中包含一个强调句，所以应用 “it is (was) ... that + 其他” 的结构，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故此处应为 what it was that。故正确答案为C。
30．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：重要的是你所做的事情，而不是你所说的话。It is...that是强调句型，可以强调除谓语外的任何成分，what you do和what you say是主语从句，rather than而不是；本题强调的是主语部分。句子不缺少主语，故不是名词性从句，也不是定语从句，this不能引导从句；排除B、C、D；故选A。
31．A
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：老人整个上午都待在家里，就是在修理旧钟。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，且根据短语spend time (in) doing sth.，可知此处应用repairing，被强调部分为repairing the old clock。故选A。
32．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是3年前去西藏的那次旅行完全改变了他对生活的态度。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。如果把句子中的“It was”和空格处要填的连词去掉，剩余的部分“the trip to Tibet three years ago completely changed his attitude towards life.”正好是一个完整的句子，而且原句话中含有“正是，就是”的意思，有强调的语气，所以是强调句型。句子中被强调的部分“ the trip to Tibet three years ago”是指事情，不是指人，所以用that即可。故选A。
33．B
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是他昨天在图书馆读了这些书。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，结构为it +be+强调部分+that/who从句，本句强调的部分为he指人，应用who来引导，故选B项。
34．A
【详解】考查强调句型和同位语从句。句意：就在一开始，他就作出决定，我们应该派更多的消防员去那里。分析句子可知，第一空和句首的“It was”构成强调句型，被强调部分是时间状语at the beginning，故第一空用that；第二空引导同位语从句，对名词decision的内容补充说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故选A项。
35．C
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在这个40年前汤姆出生的小镇上，他将建造一所新学校，这使镇上的每个人都感到兴奋。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是town，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；第二空与前文“It is in this very town”构成强调句，强调地点状语“in this very town”，应用that；第三空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是school，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选C项。
36．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是lab，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导；第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in the lab，故此处用that。故选B项。
37．A
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：在希望工程的帮助下将要重建的是你曾经学习过两年的学校吗？第一空，分析句子结构，此题考查定语从句。先行词为school，从句中缺少地点状语，应填关系副词where引导，第二空，“is it+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的疑问句形式，应填that。故填A。
38．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。A. untl直到；B. while在……期间；C. once一旦；D. that用于引导各类从句。去掉“It is ...”结构框架后句子不缺少主语、谓语、宾语等成分，仍然成立，所以该句是强调句。强调句的句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”，被强调的是状语“only when we get ill”，所以设空处只能是that。故选D项。
39．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：他们是在下午五点的时候爬到山顶的。A. since自从；B. when当……时候；C. that那；D. until直到。强调句型的结构是：用“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”。该句去掉“It was... that”结构后，句子依然成立且通顺，所以该句为强调句，强调的是“at five o’clock in the afternoon”。故选C项。
40．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他出生在一个大家庭里。如果要说有什么区别的话，他家比我家更有钱。A. if so如果是这样的话；B. if anything如果有什么区别的话；C. if ever如果有过的话；D. if not如果不。状语从句省略了it is，根据后文“is richer than mine”可知是将自己与他进行比较，说明二者的区别是他家比“我家”更有钱。故选B。
41．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论，当这两种药物同时服用时，可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以可能从需用过去分词taken，故选A。
42．A
【详解】考查省略句。句意：——你会去参加聚会吗？——如果我被邀请的话，当然会去。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处遵循“主将从现”原则，从句完整形式为“if I am invited”，相当于省略了I am。故选A。
43．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他走在大街上，他偶遇了他的老朋友。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；此处while引导的完整句子为“While he was walking in the street”，句子省略了主语he和be动词，此处应用现在分词。故选B项。
44．A
【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。句意：这学年开始我介绍自己的时候，我一点都不自信。根据句子结构可知，第一个空要用形容词做表语，表示主语的状态，所以第一个空填confident；第二个空考查“when”引导的时间状语从句的省略：当主从句主语一致，并且从句谓语有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。根据意思可知，introduce这个动作是主句主语“I”主动发出的动作，所以完整的句子应该是“when I was introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，省略了从句的主语和be动词之后，就是“when introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，所以第二个空填introducing。故选A。
45．C
【详解】考查if引导的非真实条件句和部分倒装。句意：如果不是因为有这张免费票，我就不会去看电影了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，且if省略时，则从句用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语的前面。故选C。
46．B
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：众所周知，如果不小心处理，情况会变得更糟。此处是状语从句的省略，if引导的条件状语从句中，主语和主句主语the situation一致，和谓语部分deal with之间是被动关系，故从句完整形式为if it is not dealt carefully with，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故选B项。
47．C
【详解】考查名词性从句以及省略。句意：永远不要问孩子他喜不喜欢某种食物，想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，他就可能会喜欢。第一空引导宾语从句，因空后有or，whether...or...是固定用法；根据句意可知，第二空应译为“想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，并且他就可能会喜欢”，因此句子完整形式应为take it for granted that he likes everything and he probably will like everything。因and前后都有like everything，因此and后面的部分可省略。故选C项。
48．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：说实话，从远处看，景色显得更美。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，the scenery与see是被动关系，用被动语态，相当于：When the scenery is seen...，省略the scenery is。故选C。
49．C
【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及比较中国和英国的教育制度时，教授没有回答。分析句子可知，本句符合时间状语从句的省略情况，即主句主语与从句主语一致，均为the professor，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的时候，从句的主语和be动词可省略，所以此处其实完整从句为When (the professor was) asked to compare the education system of China and Britain，所以填asked，表示“被问到”。故选C项。
50．C
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和过去分词。句意：当孩子们感到不值得时，他们往往会格外努力以取悦父母。在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句相同，所以可省略从句中的主语和系动词。动词make意为“使，让”，和主语构成被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式。故选C。
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