高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English巩固练习

课时作业

Ⅰ.根据释义写出汉语词义和英语单词

1．an opinion that you express about sb./sth.评论→comment

2．a way out of a public building or vehicle出口→exit

3．in or towards the centre of a city, especially its main business area

在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的→downtown

4．bad luck or an accident事故，灾难→misadventure

5．to have sth. in your mind as a plan or purpose 计划，打算→intend

6．strange or unusual奇特的，古怪的→odd

7．a mistake, especially one that causes problems错误，谬误→error

8．knowing or realizing sth.意识到的，明白的→aware

9．fairly or to some degree相当，颇→rather

10．to help sb. remember sth.提醒，使……想起→remind

Ⅱ.选词填空(先填短语，后填句子)

1．I think I'll have a cold drink ________ coffee.

答案：rather than

2．What are you ________ the theory ________？

答案：basing; on

3．I don't think people ________ really ________ the risks involved.

答案：are; aware of

4．It ________ that the new job was very hard to do.

答案：turned out

5．Do you ________ the challenge?

答案：deal with

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．A lighthouse marks the entrance ________ the harbour.

答案：to

2．Drums are ________ (base) to African music.

答案：basic

3．She made helpful ________ (comment) on my study.

答案：comments

4．Here ________ (come) the taxi.

答案：comes

5．I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives ________ (wait)．

答案：waiting

6．________ my astonishment, he's still alive.

答案：To

7．The song reminded me ________ my story when I visited Beijing.

答案：of

8．This will raise your ________ (aware) of the grammar of your native language.

答案：awareness

9．Discussions are just held on an ________ (formal) basis within the department.

答案：informal

10．________ (recognise) of the importance of career development is increasing.

答案：Recognition

Ⅳ.单句写作

1．那曾经住着一个叫汤姆的人。

______________________ known by the name of Tom.

答案：There once lived a man

2．我不确定这个词的发音是否正确。

____________________ I'm pronouncing this word correctly.

答案：I'm not sure if/whether

3．她宁愿打扫卫生也不愿意演讲。

She'd rather do some cleaning __________________.

答案：than give a speech

4．饭店的前面矗立着一座塔。

____________________________ a tower.

答案：In front of the restaurant stands

5．我感冒时曾喉咙痛说话困难。

I ____________________________ when I got a cold.

答案：had a frog in my throat

Ⅰ.语言运用

This March, the 90th annual National Spelling Bee will feature its youngest competitor in history, 5－year－old Edith Fuller of Oklahoma.

Edith qualified (有资格) for the national competition when she __1__ her regional competition on Saturday, beating more than 50 other elementary and middle school __2__.

Edith's mom, Annie Fuller, told Tulsa World she only learned of her daughter's __3__ skills last summer, when she correctly spelled “restaurant” __4__ having never been taught how. “We knew there was something special there，” Fuller said. __5__ that, Edith and her mom began preparing for the bee, looking up words she misspelled along the way to __6__ their spellings and meanings. “Learning the words was so __7__. She was able to learn about __8__ countries and cultures and different kinds of food，” Fuller said.

Despite her __9__ spelling genius, Fuller said she was simply impressed that Edith was able to __10__ the four－hour competition. “The  __11__ is that she likes to move around，” Fuller said. “I'm __12__ she sat still for so long.” “It's fun to __13__ her with everyone. I knew she'd be a novelty, so I'm __14__ she held her own，” Fuller said.

And the 5－year－old champion is feeling pretty great about the coming __15__， too.

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了来自俄克拉荷马州年仅5岁的美国女孩艾迪思·福勒，在第90届国家级(美国)拼写小蜜蜂比赛中获得冠军的故事。

1．A.won  B．missed

C．watched  D．copied

答案：A　根据句中的“qualified (有资格) for the national competition”和“her regional competition on Saturday，beating more than 50 other elementary and middle school __2__”可知，在地区级比赛中艾迪思·福勒胜出，因此有资格参加国家级的比赛。故选A。

2．A.teachers  B．parents

C．students  D．workers

答案：C　根据句中的“elementary and middle school”可知是指学生。故选C。

3．A.writing  B．spelling

C．listening  D．speaking

答案：B　根据下文“spelled ‘restaurant’”可知，母亲发现女儿在拼词方面的天赋。故选B。

4．A.in fear of  B．because of

C．in spite of  D．in case of

答案：C　根据下文中的“having never been taught how”可知，在没有事先教授的情况下，女儿能够正确拼写“restaurant”。in spite of “尽管”是介词短语，符合语境。故选C。

5．A.After  B．Before

C．About   D．Above

答案：A　句意：从那次以后，艾迪斯和她的母亲就有意识为参加小蜜蜂拼词比赛做准备。故选A。

6．A.recognize  B．learn

C．find  D．understand

答案：B　根据上文中的“looking up words she misspelled along the way”可知，学习这些词的拼写和意思。故选B。

7．A.exciting  B．moving

C．general  D．educational

答案：D　根据下文中的“She was able to learn about __8__ countries and cultures and different kinds of food”可知，学习单词很有教育意义。故选D。

8．A.similar  B．difficult

C．different  D．foreign

答案：C　根据句中的“different kinds of food”可知，学习到不同的国家和文化。故选C。

9．A.daughter's  B．son's

C．husband's  D．student's

答案：A　这里指的是艾迪思·福勒在拼词方面的才能。故选A。

10．A.come out  B．stick out

C．break out  D．give out

答案：B　根据下文可知她生性好动，因此她的母亲对她坚持完成4小时的比赛感到惊讶。stick out意思是“坚持”。故选B。

11．A.question  B．reason

C．fact  D．idea

答案：B　根据语境“因为她生性好动”，这是原因，故选B。

12．A.frightened  B．delighted

C．puzzled  D．surprised

答案：D　根据上文提到她生性好动，所以母亲对她能够坐这么长的时间感到惊讶(surprised)。故选D。

13．A.share  B．compare

C．help  D．communicate

答案：A　能够把女儿这方面的才能展示给大家让母亲很高兴。故选A。

14．A.strange  B．unbelievable

C．proud  D．confident

答案：C　由于女儿的出色表现，母亲感到自豪。故选C。

15．A.future  B．competition

C．success  D．progress

答案：B　根据句中的coming可知，是即将到来的比赛。故选B。

Ⅱ.阅读

A

篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部在阐述情感上都很强大的小说。

1．Which book is basically a romance?

A．The Book Thief.

B．A Child Called “It”．

C．The Fault in Our Stars.

D．The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas.

答案：C'细节理解题。根据The Fault in Our Stars中的“... teens who are dying from cancer and living their last days in love”和“The real tragedy is the love between the main characters”可知，The Fault in Our Stars是一部和爱情有关的小说。故选C项。

2．Who is considered to have no good qualities or useful skills in the family?

A．Liesel's brother.

B．The 9－year－old son Bruno.

C．A young girl named Liesel. 

D．Dave Pelzer, a boy from California.

答案：D'细节理解题。根据A Child Called “It”中的“... in an environment where he is considered worthless” 可知，Dave Pelzer，一个来自加利福尼亚的男孩被认为在家庭中没有好的品质或有用的技能。故选D项。

3．What do the four novels have in common?

A．They all expose the dark side of society.

B．They are all emotionally powerful.

C．They are all connected with wars.

D．They all have a sad ending.

答案：B'推理判断题。根据The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas中的“waves of emotion”；The Book Thief中的“her bother dies, setting the sad tone for the story”；The Fault in Our Stars中的“This is probably the most likely book to make you cry”和A Child Called “It”中的“the tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration”可知，这四部小说都有很强烈的情感阐述。故选B项。

B

When I started learning with My English Teacher. eu my level was intermediate. My English was good, but I wanted to improve it with a native teacher. So I started searching for teachers on Google and YouTube, this is how I found My English Teacher. eu.

Knowing the English language opens many doors and offers better chances for one's career. My main goal is to pass the IELTS exam and continue studying at the university in Saudi Arabia.

The most challenging part for me was English writing. My English Teacher. eu is helping me to overcome it.

Honestly, learning English with my English teacher, Jeremy, is an amazing experience. He is the best teacher from all the private teachers I have ever learned with.

Jeremy helped me to improve my grammar, writing and speaking. Before, I didn't know what the difference between tenses was. He has been giving me homework that helps me to improve faster, with a lot of practice during lessons.

I feel like I'm improving at a good tempo and Jeremy is the best teacher I know. I would definitely recommend My English Teacher. eu's English courses to everybody who is ready to work on his/her English, spend a lot of time learning, and is happy to work together with the best English teachers, and My English Teacher. eu's friendly team.

Fatima Alnaser，

Accountant in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向英语学习者推荐了一个非常好用的英语学习网站My English Teacher.eu。

4．Fatima Alnaser has great difficulty in ________.

A．English writing

B．oral communication

C．listening and speaking

D．grammar

答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The most challenging part for me was English writing.”可知，作者在英语学习中遇到的最大障碍就是英语写作。故A项正确。

5．For Fatima Alnaser, working together with the native teacher Jeremy is ________.

A．unbelievably pleasant  B．definitely boring

C．really disappointing  D．so heartbreaking

答案：A　推理判断题。根据第四、五段的表述可知，作者与老师Jeremy(杰里米)学习期间非常和谐，作者认为Jeremy是他所遇到过的最好的英语老师。故A项正确。

6．The purpose of writing the passage is ________.

A．to introduce various services about My English Teacher. eu

B．to emphasize the existence of My English Teacher. eu

C．to recommend a good website to learners of English

D．to inform English learners of some useful tips about English－learning

答案：C　推理判断题。本文主要是为了推荐一个好的学习网站给英语学习者，文中提到的作者所遇到的老师、英语水平的提高以及英语学习中的障碍等等，都是为了说明My English Teacher. eu是一个值得信任的网站。

C

Learning New Vocabulary During Deep Sleep

Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language. Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined.  There is considerable evidence for wake－learned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds (嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge.

If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wake－learned information, then first－play, i．e. the initial processing of new information,  should also be possible during sleep.

The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells' active states, the so－called “Up－states\”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up－state” and the inactive state “Down－state”.  The two states alternate (交替) about every half－second.

New evidence for sleep－learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated (被概括的) mental  state,  in which  we  are  separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep，” says Simon Ruch, co－first－author. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years，”  says Katharina Henke.

The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research  Cooperation (IRC). Thirteen  research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究论证了在深度睡眠中学习新词汇的可能性。

7．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A．“Up－state” and “Down－state” appear in turn during deep sleep.

B．“Up－states” is another name for the brain cells' active states.

C．Semantic associations are important for language learning.

D．The brain cells' active states are central for sleep－learning.

答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“The research group of Katharina Henke examined ... the so－called ‘Up－states’. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable.”(研究小组研究了睡觉的人能否在脑细胞活跃状态下，在被播放的外来词和翻译词之间形成新的语义联系。结果证明他们的想法是合理的。)可知，当大脑处于“Up－states”时，可以进行语言学习。在这个过程中，大脑细胞的活跃状态起着主要作用。故答案是D。

8．What will researchers do within several years according to the passage?

A．Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.

B．Separate us from the physical environment.

C．Apply deep sleep to information learning.

D．Discover the concept of sleep.

答案：C　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词researchers和within several years定位到第四段。根据该段中的“In how far and with what consequences ... will be a topic of research in upcoming years”可知，在未来几年，在新信息的获得方面深度睡眠能运用到何种程度以及会有何种结果将是研究的主题。故答案是C。

9．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.

B．To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms.

C．To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.

D．To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.

答案：D　推理判断题。第一段提出问题“This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language.”(这提出了问题：是否可以更有效地利用睡眠时间，例如用于学习一种新语言。)；第二段回答该问题“then first－play, i．e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep”(对新信息的初始处理，在睡眠期间也应该是可能的)；第三段通过研究提出证据证明了第二段的猜想。最后两段进行了补充说明。据此可知，本文是为了说明在深度睡眠中，学习新的词汇是可能的。故答案是D。

10．Where is this text most likely from?

A．A novel.

B．A guidebook.

C．A scientific research website.

D．A diary.

答案：C　推理判断题。根据文中的“Sleep research to date focused on” “There is considerable evidence” “The research group” “The aim of these research groups”并结合文章主旨(在深度睡眠中学习新词汇方面的科学研究)可以推断出，本文可能出自一个科研网站，故选C。

Ⅲ.七选五

There are so many words in English that learning all of them can seem difficult. To make things even more challenging, certain sounds are pronounced differently. __1__

Learn the vowel (元音) sounds.

In English, there are five main vowel letters: a, e, i, o, u. __2__ Each vowel letter has both a short sound (such as the “a” in “bat”) or a long sound (such as the “a” in “play”). Learn and practice these different vowel sounds to help teach you how to pronounce certain words and to improve your English pronunciation.

__3__

One of the most effective ways to learn a language is to listen to someone speaking it. Once you are familiar with how a language sounds, you will be able to start picking up on more sounds, words and phrases.

Record yourself.

__4__ To solve this problem and really see how you sound, try recording yourself. Use a smart phone or tape recorder to play back how you sound when you are speaking English.

Get a spoken English tutor.

To truly understand if you are saying and pronouncing things the right way, find someone who can practice with you and act as a spoken English tutor. __5__

A．Break down words.

B．Listen to an English speaker.

C．Sometimes the letter “y” can make a vowel sound, too.

D．How do you know if you are saying things correctly?

E．He or she will be able to correct you and teach you how to pronounce better.

F．Thankfully, there are tips that you can learn to make things a little easier.

G．Compare your English comprehension to someone else to see if you are doing it correctly.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个可以提高英语发音准确性的方法。

1．F　根据设空处前一句“To make things even more challenging, certain sounds are pronounced differently.”(更具挑战性的是，某些声音的发音会有所不同。)以及下文中给出的几条措施，可知F项“值得庆幸的是，有一些小窍门可以让事情变得简单一些。”承上启下，故选F。

2．C　根据设空前一句“In English, there are five main vowel letters: a, e, i, o, u．”(在英语中，有五个主要的元音字母：a，e，i，o，u)可知本段主要介绍元音字母发音，所以C项Sometimes the letter “y” can make a vowel sound, too.“有时字母‘y’也能发出元音。”承接上文，故选C。

3．B　根据本段第一句可知，学习一门语言最有效的方法之一就是听别人说，并结合选项判断只有B项Listen to an English speaker.“听讲英语的人说话。”符合标题形式及文意，故选B。

4．D　根据设空后一句“To solve this problem and really see how you sound, try recording yourself.”(要解决这个问题并真正了解你的发音，尝试给自己录音。)可知D项How do you know if you are saying things correctly？“你怎么知道你说得对不对？”符合一问一答形式，故选D。

5．E　根据设空处前文可知，“为了真正地了解你说的是否正确，找一个能和你一起练习的人做英语口语导师”，下文应讲述这样做的好处，故E项“他或她将能够纠正你并教你如何发音更好。”承接上文，故选E。

◎每日新闻条

Amid strict prevention measures against the novel coronavirus, some hot_pot_restaurants in Chongqing provide consumers with zero­contact_hot_pot_takeout_services.

From Feb. 26 to March 7, the total number of orders of takeout hot pots in the city was about 40,000 with a total_value of 5.5 million RMB.

在对新型冠状病毒的严格防控措施中，重庆的一些火锅店开始向消费者提供零接触火锅外卖服务。2月26日至3月7日，全市外卖火锅订单总量约4万份，总额达到550万元。

【坚持积累】

①amid/ə'mId/prep. 在……中

②prevention/prI'venʃn/n. 预防

③pot/pɒt/n. 锅

④consumer/kən'sjuːmə(r)/n. 顾客

⑤contact/'kɒntækt/n. 接触

⑥service/'sɜːvIs/n. 服务

⑦total/'təʊtl/adj. 全部的

⑧order/'ɔːdə(r)/n. 订单

⑨value/'væljuː/n. (商品)价值