英语必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild随堂练习题

课时作业

Ⅰ.根据释义写出汉语词义和英语单词

1．a collection of information about a particular person or thing; a set of data under a particular name档案，文件→file

2．a small part of a machine that you press to make it work按钮→button

3．to give all your attention to sth. and not think about anything else专注，专心→concentrate

4．a picture of sb./sth. seen in a mirror, through a camera, or on a television or computer图像，影像→image

5．a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth. happening吃惊，震惊→shock

6．what you do, say or think as a result of sth. that has happened(对某一情形或事件的)反应→reaction

7．a way or track that is built or is made by the action of people walking小径，小道→path

8．a necessary or typical part of sth.基本部分，要素→element

9．to return to a normal state after an unpleasant or unusual experience or a period of difficulty (从糟糕经历中)恢复→recover

10．the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time 多样化，变化→variety

Ⅱ.选词填空(先填短语，后填句子)

to　all　of　the　on

after all,  a variety of,_brave the elements,  concentrate on,  show respect to

1．He resigned for ________ reasons.

答案：a variety of

2．I decided to ________ all my efforts ________ finding somewhere to live.

答案：concentrate; on

3．Shall we ________ and give it a try?

答案：brave the elements

4．Traditional dances are performed to ________ the moon.

答案：show respect to

5．There is no need to pick at him all day long. He's a child ________.

答案：after all

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．It is my deskmate ________ helped me with my English in time.

答案：who/that

2．She enjoys ________ (listen) to music in her spare time.

答案：listening

3．Some patients infected by novel coronavirus has made a ________ (recover) from the treatment.

答案：recovery

4．If you want to become a better ________ (photograph), the only way is through repetition.

答案：photographer

5．Staring directly ________ me, she didn't say anything about it.

答案：at

6．He is in hospital, recovering ________ a heart attack.

答案：from

7．Tents come in ________ (variety) shapes and sizes.

答案：various

8．What was his ________ (react) to the news?

答案：reaction

9．The animals are ________ (capture) in nets and sold to local zoos.

答案：captured

10．This was a severe attack and the woman is still very ________ (shock)．

答案：shocked

Ⅳ.单句写作

1．物价涨得这么快，我们买不起奢侈品。

With ________________________， we can't afford luxuries.

答案：prices going up so fast

2．你上次是什么时候见到她的？

When was the last time ____________？

答案：you saw her

3．你们等错地方了。旅游车是在旅馆接游客的。

You are waiting at a wrong place. It is ____________________ the coach picks up tourists.

答案：at the hotel that

4．一辆汽车从我身边高速驶过，时速约120公里每小时。

A car ran by me ________________ about 120 km/h.

答案：at a high speed of

5．他放弃的原因是这个问题太难了。

________________________ the question is so difficult.

答案：The reason why he gives up is that

Ⅰ.语言运用

Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank. He got into a life boat, but his supplies were __1__.  __2__ when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive—much __3__ than he was when he started, but alive.

His __4__ of how he survived is fascinating. His cleverness—how he __5__ to catch fish, how he evaporated (蒸发) sea water to__6__ fresh water—is very interesting.

But the thing that __7__ my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no __8__ in continuing the struggle. He was starved and __9__ worn－out. Giving up seemed the only choice.

“I tell myself I can __10__ it，” wrote Callahan. “Compared to what others have been through, I'm fortunate. I tell myself these things over and over,  __11__ up courage ...”

I wrote that down after I read it. It __12__ me as something important. And I've told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed __13__ off. And every time I've said it, I have always come back to my senses.

The truth is in comparison with __14__ others have been through, you're fortunate. Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you __15__ the rough situations with a little more courage.

篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Steven Callahan(史蒂文·卡拉汉)在横穿大西洋时遇险，最后在绝境下幸存的故事。

1．A．little  B．rich

C．few  D．enough

答案：C　由中间的转折连词but可知，答案应从否定含义的little和few当中选一个。而主语为supplies 由此可确定选C。

2．A．And  B．Yet

C．Still  D．Thus

答案：B　前一句提到“几乎没有什么给养了”。后一句提到“76天后，他被发现，还活着。”中间应该是用表示转折关系的并列连词yet。

3．A．thinner  B．stronger

C．worse  D．healthier

答案：A　前面提到，他的食物供应等很少，因此，76天之后比出发时要瘦了。

4．A．attitude  B．assumption

C．instruction  D．account

答案：D　由下文语境可知，那些内容是他的叙述。故选D。

5．A．assisted  B．tended

C．managed  D．intended

答案：C　短语manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”。由“他活了下来”这一事实可知，他是能够抓到鱼的。故选C。

6．A．make  B．absorb

C．select  D．replace

答案：A　此处表示他蒸发海水以制成(make)纯净水。

7．A．attacked  B．attracted

C．caught  D．drew

答案：C　catch one's eye为固定短语，意为“引起某人注意”。

8．A．need  B．taste

C．message   D．point

答案：D　there seems no point in doing sth. “做某事没意义”，为固定句式。

9．A．firmly  B．completely

C．hardly  D．generally

答案：B　由后一句“Giving up seemed the only choice.”可知，他完全(completely)饿坏了，累坏了。

10．A．handle   B．carry

C．follow  D．inspect

答案：A　handle “处理，应付”，句意：Callahan告诉自己他能行。故选A。

11．A．rolling  B．using

C．building  D．making

答案：C　句意：我一遍遍地告诉自己这些是为了积蓄勇气。故选C。

12．A．defeated  B．recommended

C．introduced   D．struck

答案：D　句意：我把它记下来，这就像一些重要的事一样打动了我。strike “打动，感动”，符合句意。

13．A．far  B．long

C．ever  D．even

答案：A　句意：当我自己的目标好像很渺茫时，我告诉自己同样的话语。far此处表示“程度上还很遥远”。

14．A．how  B．that

C．which  D．what

答案：D　分析结构可知，设空处引导的从句是介词with的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故用what引导。

15．A．get round  B．get over

C．get through  D．get off

答案：C　由“Compared to what others have been through”可知，应用through，表示“度过”，故选C。

Ⅱ.阅读

A

Unbelievable Stories of Animals Acting Just Like Humans

◆Horses are picky eaters

Horses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils  (鼻孔), their nervous system allows them to sense smells we can't sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses, experts say.

◆Whale says thanks

In 2011, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour－long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times.

◆Pandas like to be naughty

Is there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger.

◆A cat honors its owner

Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three－year－old gray－and－white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzo's grave every day since the man died in September 2011. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now “stands guard” at the grave for hours at a time.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了4个令人难以置信的动物与人类行为类似的故事。

1．What can horses do to pick delicious grasses?

A．Feel them.  B．Taste them.

C．Smell them.   D．Observe them.

答案：C'细节理解题。根据Horses are picky eaters部分的内容可知，马的嗅觉比人类还要灵敏，因此它们能够拒绝脏水，只吃最美味的草。这说明马靠嗅觉辨别草的好坏。故选C。

2．What do the whale and the cat have in common according to the passage?

A．They are clever.

B．They have a grateful heart.

C．They are active and lovely.

D．They have a good sense of smell.

答案：B'推理判断题。根据Whale says thanks部分的内容可知，这条鲸鱼通过跳跃表达对拯救它的救命恩人的感激。根据A cat honors its owner部分内容可知，这只猫到墓地去怀念自己的主人。因此，两者共同之处在于都有一颗感恩之心。故选B。

3．Which of the following acts like a human baby according to the passage?

A．The whale.   B．The cat.

C．The horse.   D．The panda.

答案：D'细节理解题。根据Pandas like to be naughty部分中的第二句“In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies.”可知，熊猫宝宝的行为与人类的婴儿相似。故选D。

B

A living tortoise of its kind not seen in more than 110 years and feared to be extinct (灭绝的) has been found in a remote part of the Galapagos islands of Fernandina.

An adult female Fernandina tortoise was spotted Sunday by a joint team of the Galapagos National Park and the US­based Galapagos Conservancy. Researchers think there may be more members of the tortoise on the island because of the droppings and tracks they found. The team took the tortoise, likely more than 110 years old, to a breeding (繁殖) center for rare tortoises where it will stay in a specially designed fence.

The only other living member of the tortoise was found in 1906. Since then, researchers have come across tortoise tracks and bite marks on plants, and there was a possible unconfirmed sighting in 2009. But Sunday's discovery was the first confirmed sighting and together with the possibility, of finding more members of this kind has raised the possibility of breeding.

Fernandina is the third largest Galapagos island and is famous for the La Cumbre volcano, one of  the most active in the world. The island lies in the Pacific Ocean about 1,000 kilometers off Ecuador's  mainland. In listing the Fernandina tortoise as possibly extinct, the conservation group said on its website that this kind of tortoise may have submitted to “the frequent volcanic lava (岩浆) flows that nearly cover the island.”

The Galapagos islands host unique wildlife whose characteristics helped Charles Darwin develop his theory of evolution. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在菲尔南迪娜岛上发现销声匿迹了110多年、人们担心其灭绝的活体乌龟。这一新的发现大大增加了这种珍稀乌龟繁殖的几率。

4．How many Fernandina tortoises are sure to be living according to the passage?

A．One.  B．Two.

C．Three.  D．One thousand.

答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“The only other living member”可知，现在已知存活的菲尔南迪娜乌龟只有两只。

5．What is important about the new discovery of the living Fernandina tortoise?

A．Improving the chance for breeding.

B．Confirming the theory of evolution.

C．Showing its adaptation to volcanic lava.

D．Finding more living members of its kind.

答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“has raised the possibility of breeding”可知，发现菲尔南迪娜乌龟活体增加了繁育的可能性。

6．Which of the following caused the Fernandina tortoise to die out?

A．Living on the remote islands.

B．Hunting of the human beings.

C．Living in the bad environment.

D．Staying in specially designed fences.

答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段特别是最后一句可知，菲尔南迪娜乌龟生存的海岛上有活火山，岩浆差不多覆盖了整个海岛，乌龟已经屈从于这样的环境。由此判断，恶劣的生存环境导致了过去一百多年菲尔南迪娜乌龟的消亡。

7．What can be a suitable title for the Text?

A．Proper Place to Host Unique Wildlife

B．Evidence to Prove Survival of the Fittest

C．Rare Tortoise Found on Fernandina Island

D．Possibility of Breeding Fernandina Tortoise

答案：C　标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一项新的发现，即在菲尔南迪娜岛上发现销声匿迹了110多年、人们担心灭绝的活体乌龟。C项“菲尔南迪娜岛上发现了珍稀乌龟”符合题意。

C

A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize\” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.

Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.

When the 65－year－old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the  techniques  of captive  breeding  (人工繁殖),  which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching them under incubators  (孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.

A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.

Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.

“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.\” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss\”  at the time.  In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.

Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize  was particularly important to him,  because it proved that his work to save birds was right.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，然而，他后来在保护动物领域被授予“诺贝尔奖”，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。

8．What does the underlined word “accolade\” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Return.  B．Level.

C．Honor.  D．Research.

答案：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。

9．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.

A．an endangered bird  B．an extinct bird

C．a popular bird  D．a fierce bird

答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。

10．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?

A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.

B．The wild environment for kestrels has changed a lot.

C．The kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.

D．It's difficult to protect kestrel.

答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，“10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。”由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋进行人工繁殖的方法效果很好。

11．Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________.

A．was proved of no use

B．was widely accepted

C．was promoted officially

D．was criticized by some people

答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“... the tension of the criticism I received ...”“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques ... in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。

Ⅲ.七选五

One of the healthiest Foods on the planet

There is probably no flower more hated, or misunderstood, than the bright yellow dandelion (蒲公英). __1__ In an effort to have the perfect green grass lawn, people try their best to kill all dandelions with chemical products. Or they dig them out at the roots—only to see them grow right back.

__2__ They are a great source of vitamin K and also are a good source of vitamins A and C． They also have vitamin E, folate and small amounts of other B vitamins. Also, they provide lots of iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium.

Besides nutrition, another great thing about dandelions is that you can eat every part of them—from the bottom of the roots to the top of the flower. __3__ Do not eat ones that have been treated with dangerous chemicals or are growing near high traffic areas.

Dandelions are said to provide several possible health benefits such as helping in digestion and improving some skin conditions. They may also reduce inflammation (炎症)．

Children in many parts of the world have had the simple pleasure of blowing the soft, white dandelion tops. __4__ In fact, there is a game children play with dandelions that have gone to seed. Pick the white top, make a wish, close your eyes and blow! If you blow all of the seeds off in one breath, your wish will come true! __5__

A．Well, that is what many children believe.

B．They watch the seeds float easily in the air.

C．At least the seeds have traveled far and wide.

D．Just make sure to take care when picking wild dandelions.

E．You can let more of this nutritious food source continue to grow.

F．Dandelions are actually one of the most nutritious foods in the world.

G．In the United States, they are considered “weeds”， the name for any unwanted plant.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蒲公英的众多好处。

1．G　根据设空处下文中的“people try their best to kill all dandelions”可知，人们千方百计消除所有的蒲公英。G项(在美国，蒲公英被认为是“杂草”，是指那些多余的植物)符合题意。故选G。

2．F　根据设空处下文“They are a great source of vitamin K and also are a good source of vitamins A and

C． (它们是维生素K的重要来源，也是维生素A和C的不错的来源。)”可知本段意为“蒲公英实际上是最有营养的食物之一。”故选F。

3．D　根据设空处下文中的“Do not eat ones that have been treated with dangerous chemicals or are growing near high traffic areas.(不要吃那些经过危险化学品处理或生长在交通繁忙地区附近的蒲公英。)”可推测此处为说明采摘野生蒲公英时一定要注意。故选D。

4．B　根据设空处上文中的“Children in many parts of the world have had the simple pleasure of blowing the soft，

 white dandelion tops.(世界上许多地方的孩子都有吹蒲公英的简单乐趣。)”而此处承接上文，故B项(孩子喜欢吹蒲公英的表现有：他们看着种子轻松地漂浮在空中。)符合题意，故选B。

5．A　根据设空处上文中的“If you blow all of the seeds off in one breath, your wish will come true! (如果你一口气吹掉所有的种子，你的愿望就会实现！)”此处承接上文，故A项(那是因为许多孩子相信吹掉(蒲公英)所有种子愿望就会实现。)符合题意，故选A。

◎每日新闻条

British_Queen_Elizabeth_Ⅱ， in a rare broadcast Sunday night, spoke about the_coronavirus_pandemic and her hope that people will take_pride_in how they responded to the crisis. She said better days will return and Britain will succeed in_the_fight_against_coronavirus.“We will be with  our friends again, we will be with our families again, we will meet again，” she said.

英国女王伊丽莎白二世在周日晚间罕见的广播讲话中谈到了新冠疫情，并希望人们能够为他们应对这次危机的方式感到自豪。她说，更好的明天终会归来，英国将会成功抗击冠状病毒。她说：“我们将再次与朋友们在一起，我们将再次与家人在一起，我们终将再次见面。”

【坚持积累】

①British/'brItIʃ/adj. 英国的

②queen/kwiːn/n. 女王

③broadcast/'brɔːdkɑːst/n. 广播节目；电视节目

④crisis/'kraIsIs/n. 危机