高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild精练

Period 4　Developing ideas

Ⅰ.阅读

A

As a gesture of friendship, Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo, Japan gave Washington D．C. a gift of more than 3,000 Japanese cherry trees on March 17,1912. Every spring, the cherry trees in Washington D．C. take bloom (开花), beginning one of the country's loveliest celebrations, the National Cherry Blossom Festival (March 17－April 15). Book your trip now to see this vibrant display of pink and white in this city full of history!

Washington D．C. Cherry Blossom In­Depth Tour

Price: $45/person

Available: Mar.25－Apr.15

Duration: 1 Day

Highlights: Visit Washington D．C.; experience the peak period of cherry blossom (April 8－12)

Itinerary: Guests will start to celebrate the National Cherry Blossom Festival and discover the beauty of cherry blossoms. Next, we  will begin our sightseeing city tour including Lincoln Memorial, White House, US Capitol, Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, Washington Monument and International Spy Museum. Then visit the next tourist spot, the Jefferson Memorial. It's the best location to view the cherry blossoms. Finally, guests may board a Potomac River cruise to see the city from the water. Then tour ends.

Price Includes: Ground Transportation

Admission Fees：

Note: If you would like to join in the optional activities, please pay the fee in cash to the tour guide. You cannot buy the tickets on your own or use City Pass. The tour guide will arrange the tickets for the group.

篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国国家樱花节一日游的时间、景点、花费和注意事项。

1．On March 25, tourists________.

A．experience the peak period of cherry blossom

B．have a discounted tour of a city full of history

C．enjoy the National Cherry Blossom Festival

D．witness the first day of the festival

答案：C　细节理解题。根据“Washington D．C. Cherry Blossom In­Depth Tour”部分中的“Available: Mar. 25－Apr. 15”以及Itinerary部分的第一句可知，在3月25日，游客们可以享受国家樱花节，故选C。

2．What can we infer from the passage?

A．Japan presented cherry trees to attract tourists to Washington D．C.

B．The tour covers five tourist spots without admission fees.

C．Admission fees can be paid in cash or with City Pass.

D．Each tourist must choose at least one optional destination.

答案：B　推理判断题。根据Itinerary部分可知，城市旅游包括八个景点；再根据Admission Fees表格中的内容可知，“International Spy Museum”，“Madame Tussauds Wax Museum”和“Potomac River Cruise”这三个景点是需要付费的，所以有五个景点不需要付费，故选B。

3．It costs ________ for a 16­year­old student and his grandpa (aged 67) to go on the tour, with the wax museum included.

A．$110  B．$136

C．$133  D．$127

答案：C　细节理解题。根据“Price: $45/person”以及表格中的“Madame Tussauds Wax Museum (optional)” Adult收费为$23, Senior收费为$20 (Over 65 yrs)可知，一位十六岁的学生和他的爷爷参加这次旅行，包括蜡像馆，价格是45×2＋23＋20＝133，故选C。

B

I've come back to check on a baby. Just after dusk I'm in a car down a muddy road in the rain, past rows of shackled (戴镣的) elephants, their trunks swinging. I was here five hours before, when the sun was high and hot and tourists were on elephants' backs.

Walking now, I can barely see the path in the glow of my phone's flashlight. When the wooden fence post stops me short, I point my light down and follow a current of rainwater across the concrete floor until it washes up against three large, gray feet. A fourth foot twisted above the surface, tied tightly by a short chain and choked by ring of metal spikes (尖刺). When the elephant tires and puts her foot down, the spikes press deeper into her ankle.

Meena is four years and two months old, still a child as elephants go. Khammon Kongkhaw, her caretaker, told me earlier that Meena wears the spiked chain because she tends to kick. Kongkhaw has been responsible for Meena here at Maetaman Elephant Adventure, near Chiang Mai, in northern Thailand, since she was 11 months old. He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night. But it's night now.

I ask Jin Laoshen, the Maetaman worker accompanying me on this nighttime visit, why her chain is still on. He says he doesn't know.

Mactaman is one of many animal attractions in and around tourist­crowded Chiang Mai. Meena's life is set to follow the same track as many of the roughly 3,800 captive (被捕获的) elephants in Thailand. When Meena is too old or sick to give rides—maybe at 55, maybe at 75 she'll die. If she's lucky, she'll get a few years of retirement. She'll spend most of her life on a chain.

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在泰国目睹了大象的悲惨遭遇，呼吁人们关注大象的命运。

4．Why does the author decide to come back?

A．She wants to check baby elephant Meena.

B．She wants to feed those shackled elephants.

C．She wants to release those shackled elephants.

D．She knows a baby is in need of help urgently.

答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容及第三段首句可知，作者回来检查是因为不放心小象Meena(米纳)。故选A项。

5．What can we conclude from the second paragraph?

A．The author is scared walking in the path.

B．Meena is treated badly and very painful.

C．Meena only has three healthy legs.

D．One of Meena's leg is badly broken.

答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A fourth foot twisted above the surface, tied tightly by a short chain and choked by ring of metal spikes (尖刺). When the elephant tires and puts her foot down, the spikes press deeper into her ankle.”可知，小象Meena被带刺的铁链拴着，一只脚不能落下。由此可知，小象被虐待，并且很痛苦，故选B项。

6．What's the author's attitude towards those elephants?

A．Indifferent.   B．Critical.

C．Sympathetic.   D．Negative.

答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night. But it's night now.”并结合全文作者对大象悲惨命运的描写可推知，作者对这些被人类囚禁以营利的动物表示同情。故选C项。

7．We can infer that the purpose of the author's writing is ________.

A．to describe those elephants to attract tourists around the world

B．to appeal to people to care about the fate of those elephants

C．to tell readers the story of a baby elephant in Chiang Mai, Thailand

D．to tell the reason why the number of elephants is decreasing

答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者同情这些旅游地为吸引游客而被囚禁的大象的命运。因此可推断出，作者写本文就是为了呼吁人们去关心这些大象的命运，故选B项。

C

Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.

In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been moving northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.

But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.

White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind－blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.

New trees will provide shelter for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In  addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极地区森林北移的原因，以及全球变暖对树木的影响。

8．What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?

A．The shrinking of northern tundra.

B．The abundant resources in the north.

C．The fierce and cold wind.

D．The rising temperature.

答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been moving northward.”可知，在北极地区，温度的上升比世界上任何其他地方都要快得多。当这一切发生时，标志着森林结束和冻原开始的树线一直向北移动。同时结合第四段中对森林北移的解释，可推知在北极树木向北移动的主要原因是温度升高，故选D。

9．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．To produce more seeds.

B．To move northward.

C．To respond to the climate change.

D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.

答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”沿着林木线生长的树木必须保护自己免受寒风的袭击。此处this指的是保护它们自己免受冷风的袭击，故选D。

10．The passage is most probably taken from ________.

A．a fashion magazine  B．a health report

C．a science report  D．a children's magazine

答案：C　推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，主要介绍北极森林北移的原因以及全球变暖对树木的影响，属于科学研究范畴，应该归于科学报告类，故答案选C。

D

Birds' feathers are some of the most strikingly variable animal characteristics that can be observed by eyes. The patterns that we see in birds' feathers are made up of combinations of scales, bars, and spots.

We already know why birds have colored feathers. For many birds, the color of feathers may make them less visible to the enemy by helping them match their surroundings, or more appealing to potential mates by helping them stand out. These aspects are well known. A greater mystery has been how the patterns are created.

Dr Ismael Galván and his team of expert researchers studied the color of feathers to see what types of colors were present in birds' complex feather patterns. It turns out to be two types of pigments (色素) mainly: melanin (黑色素), which produces a range of black, grey, brown, and orange colors, and carotenoids  (类胡萝卜素), which are used by specialized feather structures to create brighter colors. 

Birds cannot produce carotenoids on their own. For feathers with bright colors, birds must consume food items that contain these pigments, and the carotenoids circulate through the bloodstream to the feather. Melanin, on the other hand, is produced in special cells in the birds' bodies.

This study was very large in scope, examining about 9,000 bird species, with the goal of supporting a general conclusion for all birds, to finally answer the question of how birds develop colorful and detailed patterns. If the birds were artists, they would use carotenoids as a broad brush to produce color patches, with melanin as a detailed paint brush to produce more complex designs.

A few birds are exceptions to this rule: Three bird families do have complex feather patterns without melanin: Fruit doves, cotingas and one type of stork.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对鸟类羽毛的颜色和图案是如何形成的所作的研究。

11．What can birds do with their colored feathers?

A．Settle on right branches.

B．Fit in with their enemies.

C．Draw attention to possible mates.

D．Make birds invisible to their enemies.

答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“more appealing to potential mates by helping them stand out”可知，鸟类羽毛的颜色能吸引潜在伴侣。

12．The colors and patterns of birds' feathers are mainly created by ________.

A．melanin and carotenoids

B．different types of pigments

C．special cells in the birds' bodies

D．combinations of scales, bars, and spots

答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It turns out to be two types of pigments (色素) mainly: melanin (黑色素), which produces a range of black, grey, brown, and orange colors, and carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), which are used by specialized feather structures to create brighter colors.”可知，鸟类羽毛的颜色和图案主要是由黑色素和类胡萝卜素产生的。

13．What can we know in Dr Ismael Galván's study?

A．Melanin can produce a variety of bright colors.

B．Birds can create carotenoids in their own bodies.

C．Birds take food containing carotenoids to create bright colors.

D．Melanin and carotenoids are found in special cells of birds.

答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，鸟类摄取含有类胡萝卜素的食物来产生鲜艳的颜色。

14．What does the author intend to do in the last two paragraphs?

A．Provide more examples for the readers.

B．Add some more background information.

C．Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D．Draw conclusions for the study.

答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“with the goal of supporting a general conclusion for all birds”以及最后一段第一句中的“A few birds are exceptions to this rule”可推知，最后两段是为该研究作结论。

Ⅱ.语言运用

Don't let Aurora's small stature (身材) fool you—her spirit is strong. She is one of 140 chickens __1__ from a farm. When we saved her,  she was tiny and sick and it seemed __2__ that she would survive. Having never got the right __3__，  many of the chickens were sick and some __4__ died.

At a young age, Aurora and her sisters and brothers were abandoned by their mom. Luckily, another mother __5__ their care. Aurora seemed the last to get food and attention. She grew at a much slower __6__ than her brothers and sisters. Everything seemed __7__ her.

At the young age of seven months, Aurora had lost two moms and was __8__ to find a place with the other chickens.

Aurora __9__ found comfort with an old chicken named Margaret, staying under her wings during the cold nights, __10__ Margaret was so old that a few months later she died. Aurora, in her own way, thinks of Margaret. Every evening, you will find her in the __11__ spot where she kept Margaret company. Even when the other chickens try to __12__ her away, Aurora comes back.

As Aurora grew, we became __13__ at her love to simply live. Nothing __14__ her.

So remember, when life seems so __15__ that you can't take it, think of Aurora.

篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章描述了一只为了生存与各种困难顽强抗争的小鸡Aurora(奥罗拉)的故事。告诉我们无论多艰难，都不要放弃。

1．A．raised  B．purchased 

C．rescued    D．collected

答案：C　rescue“解救”；raise“升起”；purchase“购买”；collect“收集”。根据下文中的“When we saved her”，可知rescue为正确答案，故选C。

2．A．hopeful    B．proper

C．possible   D．unlikely

答案：D　前一个句子告知小鸡生病还很弱小，所以似乎活不了。unlikely意为“不太可能的”。故选D。

3．A．touch   B．care

C．gift   D．partner

答案：B　因为没有得到适当的照顾(care)，很多小鸡才会生病甚至死亡。故选B。

4．A．sadly   B．angrily

C．coldly   D．calmly

答案：A　许多小鸡生病还有一些悲伤地(sadly)死亡。故选A。

5．A．took on   B．put forward

C．looked after   D．brought about

答案：A　根据Aurora被妈妈抛弃可推断出，她由另外的妈妈接手(take on)照顾她。故选A。

6．A．cost   B．rate

C．standard   D．value

答案：B　本文第一句提到“small stature”以及上一句提到的“last to get food and attention”可以判断Aurora生长的速度(rate)慢于她的兄弟姐妹，所以身材瘦小。故选B。

7．A．for   B．around

C．about   D．against

答案：D　本句是整段的总结，Aurora的生活总是不如意，似乎一切都在和她作对(against)。故选D。

8．A．arranging   B．choosing

C．struggling   D．affording

答案：C　Aurora先后失去了两个妈妈，所以她努力(struggle)去寻找栖身之处。故选C。

9．A．lately   B．eventually

C．constantly   D．frequently

答案：B　与上一段相呼应，在她不断的寻找后，终于(eventually)找到安身之处。故选B。

10．A．unless   B．so

C．because   D．but

答案：D　虽然找到了安身之处，但是(but) Margaret(玛格利特)还是因为年老而死去了，表明Aurora又一次失去了依靠。故选D。

11．A．same   B．relevant

C．similar   D．normal

答案：A　Aurora每天都去老(same)地方陪伴Margaret，用same表示她的执着。故选A。

12．A．clear   B．put

C．turn   D．push

答案：D　句意：即便别的小鸡赶(push)她走，她也会回来的。故选D。

13．A．nervous   B．amazed

C．excited   D．disappointed

答案：B　句意：随着Aurora长大，我们为她生存的意志力之强而感到惊讶(amazed)。故选B。

14．A．helped   B．attracted

C．impressed   D．stopped

答案：D　因为这种爱，使得Aurora不能被打败。什么也不能让她停下来(stop)。故选D。

15．A．tough   B．different

C．smooth   D．boring

答案：A　综合上文，生活对于Aurora一直是艰难的，所以当我们的生活遇到困难(tough)而感到无法承受时，我们可以想想她的遭遇，从而选择坚强。故选A。

Ⅲ.语法填空

The Silk Road was an ancient system of trade routes that linked the East to the West. For several centuries, it was an outstanding network __1__ (include) routes both on the land and oceans. It stretched from East Asia, Southeast Asia, East Africa, West Africa, and Southern Europe.

The Silk Road was not given its name for nothing. During its time of use, silk was a highly profitable product along its routes. Silk, you can say, weaved together these many regions in terms of business and even __2__ (culture) exchange. However, the name __3__ (it) was not coined until the 19th century by Ferdinand von Richthofen. He made the term during his several __4__ (journey) to China from 1868 to 1872. Despite this, the term was not made known __5__ the academic world until the 20th century, __6__ geographer Sven Hedin wrote a book __7__  (title) “The Silk Road” in 1938. And __8__ (final), after the fall of the Soviet Union, academics in that region became involved increasingly in the study of the trade routes of Central Asia.

__9__ history of the Silk Road is of global significance. In modern times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they __10__ (cross) by trains instead of camels and horses.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

9．________　10.________

答案：1.including　2.cultural　3.itself　4.journeys　5.to　6.when　7.titled　8.finally　9.The　10.are crossed

◎每日新闻条

Tomb­sweeping_Day is a Chinese festival when people pay_tribute_to_the_dead_and_worship_their_ancestors by visiting_tombs. In China, environmentally_friendly_online_memorial_services are gaining popularity especially this year since these services can help people prevent mass gatherings and reduce cross­infection of the novel coronavirus disease.

清明节是中国的一个节日，人们在这一天通过扫墓来悼念逝者和祖先。在中国，环保的在线追悼服务越来越受欢迎，尤其是在今年，因为这些服务可以帮助人们防止大规模聚集，减少新型冠状病毒疾病的交叉感染。

【坚持积累】

①tomb/tuːm/n. 坟墓

②tribute/'trIbjuːt/n. 悼念；致哀

③worship/'wɜːʃIp/v. 敬奉；崇拜

④ancestor/'ænsestə(r)/n. 祖宗；祖先

⑤environmentally/InˌvaIrən'mentəli/adv. 有关环境方面

⑥popularity/ˌpɒpju'lærəti/n. 受欢迎；流行

⑦gathering/'ɡæðərIŋ/n. 聚集；集会