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重庆市南开中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份重庆市南开中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了本试卷由四个部分组成等内容，欢迎下载使用。
重庆市高2024届高三第一次质量检测
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分，共12页。
2.全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成，在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题请使用0.5 毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
3.请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人的信息一致。
4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节;满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which animal does the man think is the most special?
A. Birds. B. Ducks. C. Horses.
2. Where is the woman going tonight?
A. The stadium. B. The library. C. The cafe.
3. What will the man have for tomorrow’s breakfast?
A. Egg rolls. B. Fried eggs. C. Boiled eggs.
4. What does the man think of the new towels?
A. They’re quite useful.
B. They’re a bit expensive.
C. They’re very comfortable.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A science fiction movie. B. A new GPS device. C. A chat robot.
第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did Max do this morning?
A. He had a walk.
B. He ate some beef.
C. He cleaned the floor.
7. How does the woman sound?
A. Sorry. B. Happy. C. Angry.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What is the man’s major concern about using gas?
A. It costs too much in winter.
B. It will cause environmental pollution.
C. It involves a risk of blowing up the house.
9. What source of energy will the speakers use to heat the house?
A. Coal. B. Solar power. C. Wind energy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Why does the woman find the poems hard?
A. They focus on some difficult topics.
B. They are written in different languages.
C. They have existed for quite a long time.
11 What day is it today?
A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where are the speakers?
A. On a beach. B. In the woods. C. At their home.
14. What did the woman do in the morning?
A. She stored water in the vehicle.
B. She took a picture of the vehicle.
C. She filled the vehicle up with gas.
15. What season is it now in Scotland?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Take a shower.
B. Turn the heat on.
C. Check the amount of gas.
听第10段材料，回答第 17 至20题。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Reporting a study on novels.
B. Introducing some books.
C. Teaching a writing class.
18. When will The Dark be published?
A. In 7 days. B. In 10 days. C. In 13 days.
19. Which country does John Clarke come from?
A. Japan. B. Australia. C. The US.
20. Where can the listeners get more information?
A. From a library. B. From the Internet. C. From a bookstore.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节;满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Unique Birthday Traditions
The editors of our international editions share traditions reserved for counting yourself one year older.
Lithuania
“In my native country, it is customary for the birthday person to sit in a decorated chair and to be lifted up by the party guests,” says editor Eva Mackevic. “How many times the chair is raised will correspond with his or her age.”
Japan
In Japan, when a child turns one, a ceremony called erabitori is held, where the birthday child chooses from a selection of items spread out around that represent the potential future. When a person turns 20, a coming-of-age celebration will be held on the second Monday anuary.
The Netherlands
When someone turns 50, a large doll will be placed in the birthday person’s garden or by heir front door; men have an “Abraham” doll, women a “Sarah”, based on a Bible passage.
Australia
A child’s first birthday is often celebrated with balloons and specially made “fairy bread”. Some families in Australia also mark the age of 21 with a souvenir “key to the door”, representing the young adult’s privilege to come and go from the family home as they please.
Germany
“In Germany, when unmarried men turn thirty, they are supposed to sweep the stairs of the local church or town hall,” editor Michael Kallinger says, “while women have to deal with the door handle.” This public act is meant to embarrass the person and motivate them to marry.
1. Which is part of a one-year-old boy’s birthday celebration in Japan?
A. Predicting the boy’s future. B. Deciding the boy’s career.
C. Seeking items at the birthday party. D. Holding a coming-of-age ceremony.
2. What does the “key to the door” symbolize-in Australia?
A. Love from parents. B. Time to move out.
C. End of the 21st birthday. D. Recognition of independence.
3. In which country could a birthday tradition involve cleaning in public places?
A. Germany. B. Australia.
C. Lithuania. D. The Netherlands.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界一些国家独特的生日传统。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In Japan, when a child turns one, a ceremony called erabitori is held, where the birthday child chooses from a selection of items spread out around that represent the potential future.(在日本，当一个孩子满一岁时，会举行一个叫做“erabitori”的仪式，在这个仪式上，过生日的孩子会从一系列的物品中选择，这些物品分布在周围，代表着潜在的未来)”可知，在日本，一岁的孩子在生日派对上在代表着未来的物品中进行选择，即预测男孩的未来，故选A。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段 “Some families in Australia also mark the age of 21 with a souvenir “key to the door”, representing the young adult’s privilege to come and go from the family home as they please.(澳大利亚的一些家庭还会用一把纪念品“门钥匙”来纪念21岁，这代表着年轻人可以随心所欲地进出家里)”可知，在澳大利亚家庭中，房门钥匙象征着孩子来去自由的权利，即对独立的承认，故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段““In Germany, when unmarried men turn thirty, they are supposed to sweep the stairs of the local church or town hall,” editor Michael Kallinger says, “while women have to deal with the door handle.”(编辑Michael Kallinger说：“在德国，当未婚男性30岁时，他们应该打扫当地教堂或市政厅的楼梯，而女性则必须处理门把手。”)”可知，在德国，未婚男性满30岁时，他们需要打扫当地教堂或者政府的楼梯，女性则处理门把手，即在德国，过生日的传统包含了打扫公共场所，故选A。
B
For most of the year, Embleton Bay is almost deserted, a magical curve of sand on edge of the world. This is where the pupils of Embleton Primary School, a beach school, a very Friday——to learn.
Nicola Threlfall, head teacher of the school, says that teachers employ a range teaching methods to realize teaching objectives, from more traditional written work to teach paths in the sand with sticks, covering diverse topics.
Sometimes the environment itself works wonder. Nicola explains there are huge benefits to giving children the opportunity to just “be”. Watching the waves, lying on the sand feeling the wind and sun on their faces, or rolling down sand dunes are all an essential part of the beach- school experience, enabling children, to explore, test their own limits and understand their place in their environment.
Online resources are provided, too, in terms of engaging children and fostering an interest in beaches. During lockdown, the students enjoyed a virtual online lecture with the Rock Pool Project, a social group that encourages people of all ages to discover marine life.
During the winter months, sand blows in ripples across the beach under the biting north winds. How do the children cope with the difficult weather? Nicola says they like to get the kids out on the beach in all weather. If it’s raining, they head to the bird hide; when it’s cold, the kids warm up by doing more physical activities. On warmer days, they sit on picnic tables outside to enjoy their lunch.
The beach is within walking distance of the school gates but the one kilometre down the hill-and another one back up still proves challenging for little legs. Nicola confirms that noticeable improvement in the children’s endurance and fitness level is one of the main advantages.
Embleton Primary School is demonstrating how successful outdoor learning can be. Can more school modify The curriculum to include regular time outside for their students ?
4. How does the school carry out outdoor learning?
A. By giving lectures regularly.
B. By integrating diverse approaches.
C. By inspiring students to write more.
D By centering on environmental issues.
5. What do teachers do in tough winter days?
A. Shorten beach hours. B. Adjust student activities.
C. Postpone outdoor events. D. Change teaching objectives.
6. How does the author find the beach lessons?
A. Fully-researched. B. Widely-provided.
C. Confidence-boosting. D. Character-building.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Start from Beach B. Live with Sea life
C. Enjoy Beach Activities D. Reform Future Education
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Embleton小学的户外学习，海滩教育。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Nicola Threlfall, head teacher of the school, says that teachers employ a range teaching methods to realize teaching objectives, from more traditional written work to teach paths in the sand with sticks, covering diverse topics. (该校校长尼古拉·特雷福(Nicola Threlfall)表示，为了实现教学目标，教师们采用了多种教学方法，从更传统的书面作业到用棍子在沙地上走小路，涵盖了多种主题。)”第三段第一句“Sometimes the environment itself works wonder. (有时环境本身也能创造奇迹)”以及第四段第一句“Online resources are provided, too, in terms of engaging children and fostering an interest in beaches. (在吸引儿童和培养对海滩的兴趣方面，也提供了在线资源)”可知，开展户外学习时，学校老师采用了不同教学方法实现教学目标，利用环境自身及网上资源，也就是整合了不同的方法。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“If it’s raining, they head to the bird hide; when it’s cold, the kids warm up by doing more physical activities. On warmer days, they sit on picnic tables outside to enjoy their lunch. (如果下雨，它们会去鸟窝；天冷的时候，孩子们通过做更多的体育活动来暖身。天气暖和的时候，他们会坐在外面的野餐桌上享用午餐)”由此可推，根据天气状况，调整学生活动，故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“Nicola confirms that noticeable improvement in the children’s endurance and fitness level is one of the main advantages. (尼古拉证实，孩子们的耐力和体能水平的显著提高是主要优势之一)”可知作者觉得海滩课程是品格塑造的体现。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通览全文内容，多次出现beach，可知本文紧紧围绕“beach learning”展开，以及文章最后一段提出的呼吁，由此可以推出A为正确答案，能够概括本文的大意，适合作为文章标题，即从海滩出发，进行教育，故选A。
C
A recent New York Times opinion piece by Daniel Willingham addressed the question of whether listening to a book is the same as reading it. Willingham begins the piece with a frequently asked question—Is it cheating if I listen to an audiobook for my book club?
Willingham argues that they’re both worthwhile but is careful to note that doesn’t mean they have the same value. In line with his points in the article, I listen to audiobooks when I wouldn’t otherwise be engaged in a book—say, at the gym or while walking. That’s certainly an advantage of listening over reading. But I was surprised to find that Willingham didn’t mention what I consider to be the biggest difference between the two: Engagement.
The critical difference, for me, between reading and listening is that reading is something you do, while listening is something that happens to you. Reading is an act of engagement. The words on the page aren’t going to read themselves, which is something they literally do in an audiobook. If you’re not actively taking in written information, then you’re not going to make progress on the book. Audiobooks, on the other hand, make progress with or without your participation.
Willingham refers to this point by saying that harder books—“difficult texts” as he calls them—require more engagement, which is thus better suited to reading. Yet it’s not necessarily true. For example, I’ve recently been listening to David Graeber’s excellent Debt: The First5000 Years, a tough read with lots of information and arguments. While I haven’t grasped every piece of information that he’s presented, I have spent a lot more time thinking about an important topic than I otherwise would. This fill-in-the-cracks nature of audiobooks is a critical advantage.
Ultimately, it’s fair to consider audiobooks and written texts as fundamentally different media. They are different forms based on the same work. Your option depends on what you are willing to give to it(time, above all) and what you hope to get out of it.
8. What is an advantage of audiobooks according to Willingham?
A. Cutting down one’s reading time. B. Increasing absorption of knowledge.
C. Providing more flexible access to information. D. Encouraging further thinking on serious topics.
9. What does the writer think of reading?
A. It helps the general idea to stand out. B. It suits people working on difficult texts.
C. It speeds up readers’ progress on the book. D. It requires more participation from readers.
10. Why does the writer mention Debt: The First 5000 Years?
A. To demonstrate what makes a tough read. B. To show why audiobooks attract listeners.
C. To prove audiobooks also suit hard texts. D. To stress reading can also take huge effort.
11. What can we learn about texts and audiobooks from the last paragraph?
A. They involve similar efforts. B. They prove equally demanding.
C. They have distinct user groups. D. They serve different purposes.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了有声读物和纸质书的阅读区别以及作者对这两种阅读方式的看法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In line with his points in the article, I listen to audiobooks when I wouldn’t otherwise be engaged in a book—say, at the gym or while walking.(与他在文章中的观点一致，我在不看书的时候听有声读物，比如在健身房或散步的时候)”可知，本文作者在自己没办法看纸质书的时候（健身或走路时）会选择听书，这和Daniel Willingham的观点一致，即有声书可以提供更灵活的获取信息的渠道。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Reading is an act of engagement.(阅读是一种参与的行为)”可知，作者认为需要读者更多的参与，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Willingham refers to this point by saying that harder books—“difficult texts” as he calls them—require more engagement, which is thus better suited to reading. Yet it’s not necessarily true. For example, I’ve recently been listening to David Graeber’s excellent Debt: The First5000 Years, a tough read with lots of information and arguments.(Willingham提到了这一点，他说更难的书——他称之为“难读的文本”——需要更多的投入，因此更适合阅读。但这并不一定正确。例如，我最近一直在听大卫·格雷伯的优秀著作《债务：最初的5000年》，这是一本包含大量信息和论点的好书)”可知，第一句先概括了Willingham的观点，即“文本难度大的书更适合阅读而不是听”，作者对此表示反对，并用自己听Debt: The First 5000 Years的经历进行论证，可知提到Debt: The First 5000 Years是为了证明有声书也适用于难的文本。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Your option depends on what you are willing to give to it(time, above all) and what you hope to get out of it.(你的选择取决于你愿意付出什么（时间，最重要的是），以及你希望从中得到什么)”可知，选择纸质书还是有声书取决于读者希望从中获取什么，由此可推出纸质书和有声书契合不同的目的，故选择D。
D
In some species, when the conditions get tough, the body hits the brakes, lowering body temperature, slowing the speed of consuming energy to a snail’s pace and entering a state known as torpor. Humans do not enter torpor, but the condition might offer benefits across situations as seemingly unrelated as intensive care unit (ICU) stays and long-distance space travel.
Using ultrasound (超声) waves targeted at a deep region of the brain, researchers at Washington University created a torpor-like state in mice. Mice can naturally enter this state, so the scientists also tested the technique in rats, animals which don’t enter torpor by nature. The findings, published on May 25th in Nature Metabolism, could potentially inform research on targeting different brain areas with ultrasound to regulate other bodily activities.
Without having to physically invade the targets’ heads, the approach is an important step in advancing torpor toward human use, says Michael Ambler, a researcher and, lecturer studying torpor at the University of Bristol in England. Some earlier efforts relied on injecting a gene into the targeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producing a torpor-like state with light or drugs. Such invasive approaches are unlikely to gain approval for human use, Ambler says, making the new study “an extremely interesting piece of work.”
If this noninvasive approach were to become possible in humans, one potential use would be to buy heart attack patients time in transport to the hospital. In the ICU, torpor could also be applied before drugs and monitoring are involved in patient care. This study even presents a very first step toward the potential to support human’s long lonely journeys in space.
Yet before that possibility takes flight in the future, research on a familiar species must come first. Ambler says the next step should be testing in larger, nonhuman animals, probably pigs. “They are most like humans—hairless and similar to humans in terms of body temperature,” he says. “It’s a step-by-step process, from mice to rats to pigs to monkeys and then, hopefully, eventually to humans”—and then, perhaps, beyond the bounds of planet Earth.
12. What does the underlined word “torpor” in paragraph 1 mean?
A Having much energy. B. Being not active.
C. Requiring little sleep. D. Decreasing in size.
13. How is the ultrasound approach different from earlier ones?
A. It avoids cutting into the body.
B. It targets directly at the brain.
C. It proves effective for human use.
D. It goes together with light or drugs.
14. What is a possible application of the research?
A. Monitoring ICU patients.
B. Curing heart attack victims.
C. Stabilizing body temperature.
D. Supporting long space travels.
15 What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Promotion of the technique.
B. Significance of the findings.
C. Focus of the follow-up research.
D. Review of the experiment process.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在某些物种中，当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，降低体温，将消耗能量的速度降至蜗牛的速度，进入一种被称为迟缓的状态，这种迟缓状态有一定的好处。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“when the conditions get tough, the body hits the brakes, lowering body temperature, slowing the speed of consuming energy to a snail’s pace(当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，降低体温，将消耗能量的速度降至蜗牛的速度)”可知，当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，也就是变得不那么活跃，也就是进入不活跃的状态，划线词torpor的意思是“迟缓”，和Being not active意思相近，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Without having to physically invade the targets’ heads, the approach is an important step in advancing torpor toward human use, says Michael Ambler, a researcher and, lecturer studying torpor at the University of Bristol in England.(研究人员Michael Ambler说，这种方法是将“迟缓”推向人类使用的重要一步，而无需对目标的头部进行物理侵入。)”和“Some earlier efforts relied on injecting a gene into the targeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producing a torpor-like state with light or drugs. Such invasive approaches are unlikely to gain approval for human use, Ambler says, making the new study “an extremely interesting piece of work.”(一些早期的努力依赖于将一种基因注射到目标大脑区域，以帮助用光或药物产生类似迟缓的状态。Ambler说，这种侵入性方法不太可能获得批准用于人类，这使得这项新研究成为“一项非常有趣的工作”。)”可知，超声波方法与以前的方法的不同之处在于这个方法避免切入身体。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“This study even presents a very first step toward the potential to support human’s long lonely journeys in space.(这项研究甚至向支持人类在太空中漫长孤独旅行的潜力迈出了第一步。)”可知，这项研究的可能应用是支持长途太空旅行。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Yet before that possibility takes flight in the future, research on a familiar species must come first. Ambler says the next step should be testing in larger, nonhuman animals, probably pigs.(然而，在这种可能性在未来实现之前，必须首先对一种熟悉的物种进行研究。Ambler说，下一步应该在更大的非人类动物身上进行测试，可能是猪。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选C。
第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mosquitoes are drawn to all people, but some people seem to be the unlucky ones who are more tempting to mosquitoes. Experts have identified two main categories of factors that make one more attractive to mosquitoes: biological aspects and behaviors.
Chief among the first group of factors is how you smell. Dozens of diverse molecules (分子) throughout our body come together to create our unique smell. It’s a combination of a dozen smells. ____16____ It’s also possible that some people produce more of the smell that mosquitoes like.
Blood type may also matter. Mosquitoes seem to be interested in people with Type 0 blood, for reasons researchers haven’t confirmed. ____17____ Mosquitoes seek out carbon dioxide. The more we breathe, the more carbon dioxide we send into the air, inviting bugs our way.
Then there are the factors that are more dependent on how you act throughout the day. I you are to do a hard workout outside, you might breathe more heavily and produce more carbon dioxide, which might attract mosquitoes. ____18____ If it mixes with bacteria on your skin or contains alcohol from your beach-side beers, you have a much higher chance to be bitten.
____19____ There are a few evidence-based strategies to keep them at bay. Certain clothing colors like black and dark blue can act like a mosquito magnet. Mosquitoes are also drawn to bright oranges and reds. Therefore, try to stick to lighter colors and wear long sleeves and pants. Or, you can try a simple trick——grab a fan and point it under a table, since mosquitoes love to stay near the ground and bite our feet. ____20____
A. After all, they’re not good fliers.
B. How can we drive off the mosquitoes?
C. Therefore, try to reduce exercise on a hot day.
D. Do colors matter in this hide-and-seek game?
E. The pattern of how you breathe also plays a role.
F. Sweat sends a powerful signal to mosquitoes too.
G. This mix of chemicals is likely to draw mosquitoes.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一个人对蚊子吸引力更大的两个主要因素和远离蚊子的策略。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Dozens of diverse molecules (分子) throughout our body come together to create our unique smell. It’s a combination of a dozen smells. (我们全身数十种不同的分子聚集在一起，形成了我们独特的气味。这是十几种气味的混合。)”可推断下文会说明这种气味对蚊子有吸引力，G选项“这种化学物质的混合物可能会吸引蚊子。” 并且G选项中的“this mix of chemicals”指代上文所说的“a combination”，上下文逻辑一致。同时，横线后句子“It is also possible that.. ”和G选项中的“likely”相呼应，并构成递进关系，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Mosquitoes seek out carbon dioxide. The more we breathe, the more carbon dioxide we send into the air, inviting bugs our way. (蚊子寻找二氧化碳。我们呼吸得越多，向空气中排放的二氧化碳就越多，引来了虫子。)”可知我们的呼吸方式也会吸引蚊子，E选项“你的呼吸方式也有影响。”符合题意，并且E选项中提到的“The pattern of how you breathe”和下文提到的“The more you breathe”相照应，同时，E选项中的also和上文所说内容构成递进关系。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据下文“If it mixes with bacteria on your skin or contains alcohol from your beach-side beers, you have a much higher chance to be bitten. (如果它与你皮肤上的细菌混合，或者含有你在海边喝的啤酒中的酒精，你被咬的几率就会高得多。)”可推知是汗液也会以吸引蚊子，F选项“汗液也会向蚊子发出强烈信号。”并且F横线后句子中的it指代的是F选项中的“sweat”，上下文逻辑一致，故选F。
【19题详解】
设空处为本段的主题句。根据B横线后句子提到了本段关键词“strategies”，之后具体介绍了两种让蚊子远离的方法，可知本段主要介绍让我们远离蚊子的方法，B选项“我们怎样才能赶走蚊子?”符合本段主旨，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Or, you can try a simple trick——grab a fan and point it under a table, since mosquitoes love to stay near the ground and bite our feet. (或者，你可以尝试一个简单的技巧——抓起一把扇子，把它放在桌子下面，因为蚊子喜欢呆在靠近地面的地方，咬我们的脚。)”可知下文解释为什么要这样做，A选项“毕竟，他们不擅长飞行。”紧密承接上文，A选项中的“they”指代的即上文中的mosquitoes，逻辑一致，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our oversized, male Golden Retriever (金毛寻回犬), Rusty weighed much more than most Goldens. Though big, he was ____21____. When Karen, my 18-month-old daughter, held a cookie out to him, he’d take it gently. Wherever she went, Rusty would ____22____ her. If we grown-ups held out food for him, ____23____ , he ate it like a hungry wolf.
One day, I was occupied with chores all the morning in the kitchen. When I looked out the window, my heart ____24____! Our back yard had two levels, with stone steps leading from the lower level to the larger open area above. At the highest point of the steps was a ____25____ of 1.5 meters to the lower level. Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!
Though ____26____, I didn’t shout for fear of frightening her into losing ____27____ and falling to the ground below. Then I noticed Rusty beside her, moving to ____28____ the way. Not to be stopped, Karen walked to an open spot. Just as quickly, Rusty moved himself in front again, ____29____ her.
That repeated a couple of times. Finally, she got _____30_____ and moved back to the center. Sighing with _____31_____, I ran up immediately. “Come on, Karen,” I said, “Let’s go inside and get a _____32_____.”
She clapped her hands and grabbed mine, making her way down slowly. Rusty stayed by her side, moving at her pace. When we got to the door, she _____33_____ my hand and crawled through the doggy door. Rusty followed. This was how they got outside with the door _____34_____. By the time I got to the kitchen, Karen and her four-legged nanny were waiting for the _____35_____ cookie.
I never worried about Karen playing outside after that.
21. A. weak B. loving C. restless D. tolerant
22. A. count on B. take after C. watch over D. turn to
23. A. moreover B. indeed C. thus D. however
24. A. died B. ached C. melted D. sank
25. A. drop B. climb C. width D. length
26. A. overjoyed B. embarrassed C. ashamed D. panicked
27. A. temper B. balance C. heart D. interest
28. A. block B. guide C. find D. push
29. A. pleasing B. rescuing C. guarding D. encouraging
30. A. anxious B. excited C. frustrated D. confident
31. A. sorrow B. relief C. satisfaction D. desperation
32 A. rest B. walk C. cookie D. prize
33. A. loosened B. squeezed C. took D. rubbed
34. A. unlocked B. broken C. open D. shut
35. A. promised B. selected C. hand-made D. newly-bought
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文记叙文。作者讲述了金毛寻回犬照顾自己18个月大的女儿的故事，在女儿遇到危险时，金毛会救护女儿，让她免受伤害。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管体型大但是他是充满爱的。A. weak虚弱的；B. loving充满爱的；C. restless焦躁不安的；D. tolerant宽容的。根据上文“Though big”和下文“When Karen, my 18-month-old daughter, held a cookie out to him, he’d take it gently.(当我18个月大的女儿凯伦把一块饼干递给他时，他会轻轻地接过。)”可知，Rusty是充满爱心的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论她去哪里，Rusty总是照看着她。A. count on依靠；依赖；B. take after效仿；C. watch over照看；D. turn to求助于。根据前文“Karen, my 18-month-old daughter”可知，Karen仅有18个月大，因此推断Rusty总是照看她。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果我们大人给他递上食物，他就会像饿狼一样吃下去。A. moreover此外；而且；B. indeed确实；C. thus因而；D. however然而。上文的“he’d take it gently”和下文的“he ate it like a hungry wolf.”时转折关系，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我向窗外看时，我的心一沉。A. died死亡；B. ached疼痛；C. melted融化；D. sank下沉；(心情)变得沉重。根据下文“Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!( 就在那时，我看见凯伦在楼上沿着边缘走着!)”可知，18个月的女儿在台阶边上走着，作者理应心情沉重。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在台阶的最高处有1.5米的落差。A. drop落差；B. climb攀登；C. width宽度；D. length长度。根据上文“Our back yard had two levels, with stone steps leading from the lower level to the larger open area above.”和下文“1.5 meters to the lower level”可知，上下台阶落差有1.5米。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然惊慌，但我没有喊，怕吓得她失去平衡，掉到下面的地上。A. overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. ashamed惭愧的；D. panicked惊慌的。根据上文“Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!”可知，作者看到女儿在高处走着，应是感到惊慌。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. temper脾气；B. balance平衡；C. heart心；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“falling to the ground below”可知，作者担心女儿失去平衡掉下去。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我注意到拉斯提在她旁边，想挡住去路。A. block阻碍；B. guide指导；C. find发现；D. push推。根据下文“Not to be stopped, Karen walked to an open spot.”可知，金毛狗想要挡住凯伦的路不让她向前走。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉斯提同样迅速地走到她前面，保护着她。A. pleasing（使）开心；B. rescuing营救；C. guarding保护；D. encouraging鼓励。根据上文“Then I noticed Rusty beside her, moving to ____8____ the way.”可知，拉斯提在保护凯伦。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，她感到挫败，回到了中心。A. anxious焦虑的；B. excited兴奋的；C. frustrated挫败的，沮丧的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“That repeated a couple of times.”以及下文“moved back to the center.”可知，拉斯提不断挡住凯伦，最后凯伦感到挫败，放弃了，从边缘回到了中间地带。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我松了口气，立刻跑了上去。A. sorrow悲伤；B. relief宽慰；C. satisfaction满意；D. desperation绝望。根据上文“moved back to the center”可知，女儿安全了，作者感到欣慰，松了一口气。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“来吧，凯伦，”我说，“我们进去吃块饼干吧。”A. rest休息；B. walk走；C. cookie曲奇饼；D. prize奖品。根据下文“Karen and her four-legged nanny were waiting for the ____15____ cookie.”可知，作者放凯伦进里面吃饼干。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们走到门口时，她松开了我的手，通过狗门爬了进去。A. loosened放开；B. squeezed挤压；C. took拿；取；D. rubbed摩擦。根据下文“crawled through the doggy door”可知，凯伦从狗门里爬进去的，因此松开了拉着作者的手。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们就是这样关着门走出去的。A. unlocked开锁；B. broken打破；C. open打开；D. shut关闭。根据上文“crawled through the doggy door. Rusty followed.”可知，凯伦和金毛通过狗门进出，这就是他们在门关着的情况下出去的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我到厨房的时候，凯伦和她的四条腿的保姆正在等着被承诺的饼干。A. promised被允诺的；B. selected被选择的；C. hand-made手工制作的；D. newly-bought新购买的。根据上文““Let’s go inside and get a ____12____.”可知，饼干是作者承诺给的。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As Buddhism gained popularity in China during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need ____36____ (arise) to produce numerous Buddhist scriptures(经书), and copying by hand could not meet ____37____ rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production, ____38____ (mark) a major turning point in printing history.
There are four steps involved in ____39____ (tradition) woodblock printing, with each step sub-divided into several procedures. ____40____ lies at the center of the technique is carving. Characters and images ____41____ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper.
A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, ____42____ (make) in868, is the “earliest dated printed book” in the words of the British Library ____43____ it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also demonstrate the ____44____ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
The invention of writing gave life _____45_____ great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind.
【答案】36. arose
37. the 38. marking
39. traditional
40. What 41. are carved
42. made 43. where
44. pursuit
45. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的雕版印刷术的起源和四个步骤。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：随着佛教在中国唐代的普及，人们强烈需要制作大量的佛经，而手工抄写已不能满足日益增长的需求。前文提到随着佛教在唐朝的盛行，提供了明显的时间指示词。因此佛经需求上涨的动作发生在唐朝，使用一般过去时。故填arose。
【37题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：随着佛教在唐代在中国的普及，人们强烈需要制作大量的佛经，而手工抄写已不能满足日益增长的需求。前文提到了a strong need，此处特指该需求，使用meet the rising demand。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代工匠因此发明了大批量生产的雕版印刷术，标志着印刷史上的一个重大转折点。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语woodblock printing构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填marking。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：传统的雕版印刷有四个步骤，每个步骤又分为几个步骤。修饰名词woodblock printing应用形容词traditional，作定语。故填traditional。
【40题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：这种技术的核心是雕刻。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，最终将墨水涂在纸上。文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，最终涂上墨水。主语与谓语构成被动关系，此处描述雕版印刷的制作方法，时态为一般现在时，且主语为characters anti images，谓语动词用被动态的复数形式。故填are carved。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛教经典《金刚经》，用大英图书馆的话说，是“日期最早的印刷书籍”。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra构成被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填made。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛教经典《金刚经》，用大英图书馆的话说，是“日期最早的印刷书籍”。此处先行词为the British Library，在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填where。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：这只是古代艺术品的一个例子，它不仅讲述了我们祖先的智慧，也展示了几个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。此处作为demonstrate的宾语，应该用名词pursuit。故填pursuit。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：文字的发明孕育了伟大的思想，但印刷术的发明使知识成为全人类共享的成果。此处为固定搭配give life to，表示“赋予生命”。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外国留学生朋友James想在中国进行社会实践，现有如下两种选择：博物馆讲解员或乡村中学志愿者。James来信向你寻求建议，请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.建议其中一项活动；
2.说明至少两点理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear James,
How is everything going?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear James,
How is everything going? Based on your interests, I would recommend you to become a museum guide.
Firstly, working as a museum guide will provide you with a unique opportunity to soak yourself in Chinese history and culture, offering insights into the country’s past and present. What’s more, by engaging in daily conversations with tourists and explaining the cultural significance of the artifacts in Chinese, you’ll have ample chance to practice and enhance your language proficiency.
Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you and feel free to reach out if you need further guidance.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国留学生朋友James写封信，给他提出在中国进行社会实践的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：firstly→in the first place
提供：offer→provide
充当：work as→serve as
另外：what’s more→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Firstly, working as a museum guide will provide you with a unique opportunity to soak yourself in Chinese history and culture, offering insights into the country’s past and present.
拓展句：Firstly, working as a museum guide will provide you with a unique opportunity to soak yourself in Chinese history and culture, which will offer insights into the country’s past and present.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Based on your interests, I would recommend you to become a museum guide. (运用了过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you and feel free to reach out if you need further guidance. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had a lovely, odd aunt named Amelia. She always ware colorful clothing and had a colorful personality to match. She was brave, beautiful, outgoing, and generous. Despite her modest beginnings, she managed to turn her passion for dance into a successful career. Amelia’s journey began when she got accepted into the famous Juilliard School of Dance in the heart of Manhattan. With dedication and discipline, she sharpened her skills, specializing in ballet. Her graceful movements and remarkable talent earned her awards and paved the way for a promising future.
She went on to teach dance at Juilliard and later toured the world as a member of the New York City Ballet. Although I had never attended one of her professional productions, I was eventually treated to an unexpected, semi-private solo performance by her.
While I was visiting her as a young girl, she surprised me with an outing to a grand theater to watch a ball et performance. The theater was large, spacious, and decorated with beautifully crafted wooden balconies and private boxes. We were seated in the front row at ground level. Toward the end of the show, the lead dancer twirled (旋转) across the stage with elegance and precision. The beautiful music grew louder, and the audience became fascinated by the amazing show. Right at this moment, my aunt rose from her seat, then turned and faced the audience. I instantly slipped down in my seat, unsure of what was happening. With graceful movements, Amelia seamlessly joined the dancers on stage, effortlessly blending (融入) into the performance. The audience were all shocked at first. However, as Amelia showed her dance skills, twirling across the stage and expressing emotions through her movements, they couldn’t take their eyes off her. It seemed like she was meant to be there.
注意：1.续写词数应为150 左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As the music ended, Amelia calmly returned to her seat, breathing steadily.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Inspired by Amelia, I decided to pursue my own dream of dancing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 As the music ended, Amelia calmly returned to her seat, breathing steadily. People began to rise, applauding and cheering, unable to contain their admiration for the unexpected treat they had just experienced. Amelia’s radiant smile mirrored their excitement as she graciously accepted their praise. She then turned to me, eyes twinkling with a mischievous glimmer, “Was that a good show, my dear?” In that moment, I realized the true power of art to transcend boundaries and touch lives. It was a lesson that would stay with me.
Inspired by Amelia, I decided to pursue my own dream of dancing. I enrolled in dance classes and immersed myself in the world of movement and expression. Countless hours were spent in rehearsal studios, pushing my body to its limits and honing my craft. There were times when exhaustion set in, and doubts crept into my mind, but I always remembered Aunt Amelia’s grace and passion, which fueled my determination to succeed. The solo performance in that theater forever altered the course of my artistic journey, serving as a reminder that extraordinary moments can happen unexpectedly, and true brilliance knows no limits.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的阿姨阿米莉亚带作者去看一场舞蹈，当演出结束时，阿姨用自己杰出的舞蹈技能向观众和作者展现了一场意外但是迷人的舞蹈，让作者意识到，非凡的时刻可能出人意料地发生，而真正的才华是无止境的。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“音乐结束后，阿米莉亚平静地回到座位上，呼吸平稳。”可知，第一段可描写观众对阿米莉亚的赞美，以及对作者的影响。
②由第二段首句内容“受阿米莉亚的启发，我决定追求自己的舞蹈梦想。”可知，第二段可描写作者如何追求自己的舞蹈梦想，以及感悟。
2. 续写线索：阿米莉亚带我看舞蹈表演——表演结束时，阿米莉亚上台表演——受到观众的赞美——作者被深深震撼，决定追求自己的舞蹈梦想——作者为自己的梦想而努力——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
表扬：applaud/praise/acclaim
接受：accept/receive/gain
登记：enroll in/sign up/enter one’s name
情绪类
出乎意料的：unexpected/astonishing/unpredicted
兴奋：excitement/passion/thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1]Amelia’s radiant smile mirrored their excitement as she graciously accepted their praise. (as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]There were times when exhaustion set in, and doubts crept into my mind, but I always remembered Aunt Amelia’s grace and passion, which fueled my determination to succeed. (which引导的非限制性定语从句)
重庆市高2024届高三第一次质量检测
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分，共12页。
2.全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成，在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题请使用0.5 毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
3.请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人的信息一致。
4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节;满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which animal does the man think is the most special?
A. Birds. B. Ducks. C. Horses.
2. Where is the woman going tonight?
A. The stadium. B. The library. C. The cafe.
3. What will the man have for tomorrow’s breakfast?
A. Egg rolls. B. Fried eggs. C. Boiled eggs.
4. What does the man think of the new towels?
A. They’re quite useful.
B. They’re a bit expensive.
C. They’re very comfortable.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A science fiction movie. B. A new GPS device. C. A chat robot.
第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did Max do this morning?
A. He had a walk.
B. He ate some beef.
C. He cleaned the floor.
7. How does the woman sound?
A. Sorry. B. Happy. C. Angry.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What is the man’s major concern about using gas?
A. It costs too much in winter.
B. It will cause environmental pollution.
C. It involves a risk of blowing up the house.
9. What source of energy will the speakers use to heat the house?
A. Coal. B. Solar power. C. Wind energy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Why does the woman find the poems hard?
A. They focus on some difficult topics.
B. They are written in different languages.
C. They have existed for quite a long time.
11 What day is it today?
A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where are the speakers?
A. On a beach. B. In the woods. C. At their home.
14. What did the woman do in the morning?
A. She stored water in the vehicle.
B. She took a picture of the vehicle.
C. She filled the vehicle up with gas.
15. What season is it now in Scotland?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Take a shower.
B. Turn the heat on.
C. Check the amount of gas.
听第10段材料，回答第 17 至20题。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Reporting a study on novels.
B. Introducing some books.
C. Teaching a writing class.
18. When will The Dark be published?
A. In 7 days. B. In 10 days. C. In 13 days.
19. Which country does John Clarke come from?
A. Japan. B. Australia. C. The US.
20. Where can the listeners get more information?
A. From a library. B. From the Internet. C. From a bookstore.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节;满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Unique Birthday Traditions
The editors of our international editions share traditions reserved for counting yourself one year older.
Lithuania
“In my native country, it is customary for the birthday person to sit in a decorated chair and to be lifted up by the party guests,” says editor Eva Mackevic. “How many times the chair is raised will correspond with his or her age.”
Japan
In Japan, when a child turns one, a ceremony called erabitori is held, where the birthday child chooses from a selection of items spread out around that represent the potential future. When a person turns 20, a coming-of-age celebration will be held on the second Monday anuary.
The Netherlands
When someone turns 50, a large doll will be placed in the birthday person’s garden or by heir front door; men have an “Abraham” doll, women a “Sarah”, based on a Bible passage.
Australia
A child’s first birthday is often celebrated with balloons and specially made “fairy bread”. Some families in Australia also mark the age of 21 with a souvenir “key to the door”, representing the young adult’s privilege to come and go from the family home as they please.
Germany
“In Germany, when unmarried men turn thirty, they are supposed to sweep the stairs of the local church or town hall,” editor Michael Kallinger says, “while women have to deal with the door handle.” This public act is meant to embarrass the person and motivate them to marry.
1. Which is part of a one-year-old boy’s birthday celebration in Japan?
A. Predicting the boy’s future. B. Deciding the boy’s career.
C. Seeking items at the birthday party. D. Holding a coming-of-age ceremony.
2. What does the “key to the door” symbolize-in Australia?
A. Love from parents. B. Time to move out.
C. End of the 21st birthday. D. Recognition of independence.
3. In which country could a birthday tradition involve cleaning in public places?
A. Germany. B. Australia.
C. Lithuania. D. The Netherlands.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界一些国家独特的生日传统。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In Japan, when a child turns one, a ceremony called erabitori is held, where the birthday child chooses from a selection of items spread out around that represent the potential future.(在日本，当一个孩子满一岁时，会举行一个叫做“erabitori”的仪式，在这个仪式上，过生日的孩子会从一系列的物品中选择，这些物品分布在周围，代表着潜在的未来)”可知，在日本，一岁的孩子在生日派对上在代表着未来的物品中进行选择，即预测男孩的未来，故选A。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段 “Some families in Australia also mark the age of 21 with a souvenir “key to the door”, representing the young adult’s privilege to come and go from the family home as they please.(澳大利亚的一些家庭还会用一把纪念品“门钥匙”来纪念21岁，这代表着年轻人可以随心所欲地进出家里)”可知，在澳大利亚家庭中，房门钥匙象征着孩子来去自由的权利，即对独立的承认，故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段““In Germany, when unmarried men turn thirty, they are supposed to sweep the stairs of the local church or town hall,” editor Michael Kallinger says, “while women have to deal with the door handle.”(编辑Michael Kallinger说：“在德国，当未婚男性30岁时，他们应该打扫当地教堂或市政厅的楼梯，而女性则必须处理门把手。”)”可知，在德国，未婚男性满30岁时，他们需要打扫当地教堂或者政府的楼梯，女性则处理门把手，即在德国，过生日的传统包含了打扫公共场所，故选A。
B
For most of the year, Embleton Bay is almost deserted, a magical curve of sand on edge of the world. This is where the pupils of Embleton Primary School, a beach school, a very Friday——to learn.
Nicola Threlfall, head teacher of the school, says that teachers employ a range teaching methods to realize teaching objectives, from more traditional written work to teach paths in the sand with sticks, covering diverse topics.
Sometimes the environment itself works wonder. Nicola explains there are huge benefits to giving children the opportunity to just “be”. Watching the waves, lying on the sand feeling the wind and sun on their faces, or rolling down sand dunes are all an essential part of the beach- school experience, enabling children, to explore, test their own limits and understand their place in their environment.
Online resources are provided, too, in terms of engaging children and fostering an interest in beaches. During lockdown, the students enjoyed a virtual online lecture with the Rock Pool Project, a social group that encourages people of all ages to discover marine life.
During the winter months, sand blows in ripples across the beach under the biting north winds. How do the children cope with the difficult weather? Nicola says they like to get the kids out on the beach in all weather. If it’s raining, they head to the bird hide; when it’s cold, the kids warm up by doing more physical activities. On warmer days, they sit on picnic tables outside to enjoy their lunch.
The beach is within walking distance of the school gates but the one kilometre down the hill-and another one back up still proves challenging for little legs. Nicola confirms that noticeable improvement in the children’s endurance and fitness level is one of the main advantages.
Embleton Primary School is demonstrating how successful outdoor learning can be. Can more school modify The curriculum to include regular time outside for their students ?
4. How does the school carry out outdoor learning?
A. By giving lectures regularly.
B. By integrating diverse approaches.
C. By inspiring students to write more.
D By centering on environmental issues.
5. What do teachers do in tough winter days?
A. Shorten beach hours. B. Adjust student activities.
C. Postpone outdoor events. D. Change teaching objectives.
6. How does the author find the beach lessons?
A. Fully-researched. B. Widely-provided.
C. Confidence-boosting. D. Character-building.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Start from Beach B. Live with Sea life
C. Enjoy Beach Activities D. Reform Future Education
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Embleton小学的户外学习，海滩教育。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Nicola Threlfall, head teacher of the school, says that teachers employ a range teaching methods to realize teaching objectives, from more traditional written work to teach paths in the sand with sticks, covering diverse topics. (该校校长尼古拉·特雷福(Nicola Threlfall)表示，为了实现教学目标，教师们采用了多种教学方法，从更传统的书面作业到用棍子在沙地上走小路，涵盖了多种主题。)”第三段第一句“Sometimes the environment itself works wonder. (有时环境本身也能创造奇迹)”以及第四段第一句“Online resources are provided, too, in terms of engaging children and fostering an interest in beaches. (在吸引儿童和培养对海滩的兴趣方面，也提供了在线资源)”可知，开展户外学习时，学校老师采用了不同教学方法实现教学目标，利用环境自身及网上资源，也就是整合了不同的方法。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“If it’s raining, they head to the bird hide; when it’s cold, the kids warm up by doing more physical activities. On warmer days, they sit on picnic tables outside to enjoy their lunch. (如果下雨，它们会去鸟窝；天冷的时候，孩子们通过做更多的体育活动来暖身。天气暖和的时候，他们会坐在外面的野餐桌上享用午餐)”由此可推，根据天气状况，调整学生活动，故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“Nicola confirms that noticeable improvement in the children’s endurance and fitness level is one of the main advantages. (尼古拉证实，孩子们的耐力和体能水平的显著提高是主要优势之一)”可知作者觉得海滩课程是品格塑造的体现。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通览全文内容，多次出现beach，可知本文紧紧围绕“beach learning”展开，以及文章最后一段提出的呼吁，由此可以推出A为正确答案，能够概括本文的大意，适合作为文章标题，即从海滩出发，进行教育，故选A。
C
A recent New York Times opinion piece by Daniel Willingham addressed the question of whether listening to a book is the same as reading it. Willingham begins the piece with a frequently asked question—Is it cheating if I listen to an audiobook for my book club?
Willingham argues that they’re both worthwhile but is careful to note that doesn’t mean they have the same value. In line with his points in the article, I listen to audiobooks when I wouldn’t otherwise be engaged in a book—say, at the gym or while walking. That’s certainly an advantage of listening over reading. But I was surprised to find that Willingham didn’t mention what I consider to be the biggest difference between the two: Engagement.
The critical difference, for me, between reading and listening is that reading is something you do, while listening is something that happens to you. Reading is an act of engagement. The words on the page aren’t going to read themselves, which is something they literally do in an audiobook. If you’re not actively taking in written information, then you’re not going to make progress on the book. Audiobooks, on the other hand, make progress with or without your participation.
Willingham refers to this point by saying that harder books—“difficult texts” as he calls them—require more engagement, which is thus better suited to reading. Yet it’s not necessarily true. For example, I’ve recently been listening to David Graeber’s excellent Debt: The First5000 Years, a tough read with lots of information and arguments. While I haven’t grasped every piece of information that he’s presented, I have spent a lot more time thinking about an important topic than I otherwise would. This fill-in-the-cracks nature of audiobooks is a critical advantage.
Ultimately, it’s fair to consider audiobooks and written texts as fundamentally different media. They are different forms based on the same work. Your option depends on what you are willing to give to it(time, above all) and what you hope to get out of it.
8. What is an advantage of audiobooks according to Willingham?
A. Cutting down one’s reading time. B. Increasing absorption of knowledge.
C. Providing more flexible access to information. D. Encouraging further thinking on serious topics.
9. What does the writer think of reading?
A. It helps the general idea to stand out. B. It suits people working on difficult texts.
C. It speeds up readers’ progress on the book. D. It requires more participation from readers.
10. Why does the writer mention Debt: The First 5000 Years?
A. To demonstrate what makes a tough read. B. To show why audiobooks attract listeners.
C. To prove audiobooks also suit hard texts. D. To stress reading can also take huge effort.
11. What can we learn about texts and audiobooks from the last paragraph?
A. They involve similar efforts. B. They prove equally demanding.
C. They have distinct user groups. D. They serve different purposes.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了有声读物和纸质书的阅读区别以及作者对这两种阅读方式的看法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In line with his points in the article, I listen to audiobooks when I wouldn’t otherwise be engaged in a book—say, at the gym or while walking.(与他在文章中的观点一致，我在不看书的时候听有声读物，比如在健身房或散步的时候)”可知，本文作者在自己没办法看纸质书的时候（健身或走路时）会选择听书，这和Daniel Willingham的观点一致，即有声书可以提供更灵活的获取信息的渠道。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Reading is an act of engagement.(阅读是一种参与的行为)”可知，作者认为需要读者更多的参与，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Willingham refers to this point by saying that harder books—“difficult texts” as he calls them—require more engagement, which is thus better suited to reading. Yet it’s not necessarily true. For example, I’ve recently been listening to David Graeber’s excellent Debt: The First5000 Years, a tough read with lots of information and arguments.(Willingham提到了这一点，他说更难的书——他称之为“难读的文本”——需要更多的投入，因此更适合阅读。但这并不一定正确。例如，我最近一直在听大卫·格雷伯的优秀著作《债务：最初的5000年》，这是一本包含大量信息和论点的好书)”可知，第一句先概括了Willingham的观点，即“文本难度大的书更适合阅读而不是听”，作者对此表示反对，并用自己听Debt: The First 5000 Years的经历进行论证，可知提到Debt: The First 5000 Years是为了证明有声书也适用于难的文本。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Your option depends on what you are willing to give to it(time, above all) and what you hope to get out of it.(你的选择取决于你愿意付出什么（时间，最重要的是），以及你希望从中得到什么)”可知，选择纸质书还是有声书取决于读者希望从中获取什么，由此可推出纸质书和有声书契合不同的目的，故选择D。
D
In some species, when the conditions get tough, the body hits the brakes, lowering body temperature, slowing the speed of consuming energy to a snail’s pace and entering a state known as torpor. Humans do not enter torpor, but the condition might offer benefits across situations as seemingly unrelated as intensive care unit (ICU) stays and long-distance space travel.
Using ultrasound (超声) waves targeted at a deep region of the brain, researchers at Washington University created a torpor-like state in mice. Mice can naturally enter this state, so the scientists also tested the technique in rats, animals which don’t enter torpor by nature. The findings, published on May 25th in Nature Metabolism, could potentially inform research on targeting different brain areas with ultrasound to regulate other bodily activities.
Without having to physically invade the targets’ heads, the approach is an important step in advancing torpor toward human use, says Michael Ambler, a researcher and, lecturer studying torpor at the University of Bristol in England. Some earlier efforts relied on injecting a gene into the targeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producing a torpor-like state with light or drugs. Such invasive approaches are unlikely to gain approval for human use, Ambler says, making the new study “an extremely interesting piece of work.”
If this noninvasive approach were to become possible in humans, one potential use would be to buy heart attack patients time in transport to the hospital. In the ICU, torpor could also be applied before drugs and monitoring are involved in patient care. This study even presents a very first step toward the potential to support human’s long lonely journeys in space.
Yet before that possibility takes flight in the future, research on a familiar species must come first. Ambler says the next step should be testing in larger, nonhuman animals, probably pigs. “They are most like humans—hairless and similar to humans in terms of body temperature,” he says. “It’s a step-by-step process, from mice to rats to pigs to monkeys and then, hopefully, eventually to humans”—and then, perhaps, beyond the bounds of planet Earth.
12. What does the underlined word “torpor” in paragraph 1 mean?
A Having much energy. B. Being not active.
C. Requiring little sleep. D. Decreasing in size.
13. How is the ultrasound approach different from earlier ones?
A. It avoids cutting into the body.
B. It targets directly at the brain.
C. It proves effective for human use.
D. It goes together with light or drugs.
14. What is a possible application of the research?
A. Monitoring ICU patients.
B. Curing heart attack victims.
C. Stabilizing body temperature.
D. Supporting long space travels.
15 What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Promotion of the technique.
B. Significance of the findings.
C. Focus of the follow-up research.
D. Review of the experiment process.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在某些物种中，当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，降低体温，将消耗能量的速度降至蜗牛的速度，进入一种被称为迟缓的状态，这种迟缓状态有一定的好处。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“when the conditions get tough, the body hits the brakes, lowering body temperature, slowing the speed of consuming energy to a snail’s pace(当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，降低体温，将消耗能量的速度降至蜗牛的速度)”可知，当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，也就是变得不那么活跃，也就是进入不活跃的状态，划线词torpor的意思是“迟缓”，和Being not active意思相近，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Without having to physically invade the targets’ heads, the approach is an important step in advancing torpor toward human use, says Michael Ambler, a researcher and, lecturer studying torpor at the University of Bristol in England.(研究人员Michael Ambler说，这种方法是将“迟缓”推向人类使用的重要一步，而无需对目标的头部进行物理侵入。)”和“Some earlier efforts relied on injecting a gene into the targeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producing a torpor-like state with light or drugs. Such invasive approaches are unlikely to gain approval for human use, Ambler says, making the new study “an extremely interesting piece of work.”(一些早期的努力依赖于将一种基因注射到目标大脑区域，以帮助用光或药物产生类似迟缓的状态。Ambler说，这种侵入性方法不太可能获得批准用于人类，这使得这项新研究成为“一项非常有趣的工作”。)”可知，超声波方法与以前的方法的不同之处在于这个方法避免切入身体。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“This study even presents a very first step toward the potential to support human’s long lonely journeys in space.(这项研究甚至向支持人类在太空中漫长孤独旅行的潜力迈出了第一步。)”可知，这项研究的可能应用是支持长途太空旅行。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Yet before that possibility takes flight in the future, research on a familiar species must come first. Ambler says the next step should be testing in larger, nonhuman animals, probably pigs.(然而，在这种可能性在未来实现之前，必须首先对一种熟悉的物种进行研究。Ambler说，下一步应该在更大的非人类动物身上进行测试，可能是猪。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选C。
第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mosquitoes are drawn to all people, but some people seem to be the unlucky ones who are more tempting to mosquitoes. Experts have identified two main categories of factors that make one more attractive to mosquitoes: biological aspects and behaviors.
Chief among the first group of factors is how you smell. Dozens of diverse molecules (分子) throughout our body come together to create our unique smell. It’s a combination of a dozen smells. ____16____ It’s also possible that some people produce more of the smell that mosquitoes like.
Blood type may also matter. Mosquitoes seem to be interested in people with Type 0 blood, for reasons researchers haven’t confirmed. ____17____ Mosquitoes seek out carbon dioxide. The more we breathe, the more carbon dioxide we send into the air, inviting bugs our way.
Then there are the factors that are more dependent on how you act throughout the day. I you are to do a hard workout outside, you might breathe more heavily and produce more carbon dioxide, which might attract mosquitoes. ____18____ If it mixes with bacteria on your skin or contains alcohol from your beach-side beers, you have a much higher chance to be bitten.
____19____ There are a few evidence-based strategies to keep them at bay. Certain clothing colors like black and dark blue can act like a mosquito magnet. Mosquitoes are also drawn to bright oranges and reds. Therefore, try to stick to lighter colors and wear long sleeves and pants. Or, you can try a simple trick——grab a fan and point it under a table, since mosquitoes love to stay near the ground and bite our feet. ____20____
A. After all, they’re not good fliers.
B. How can we drive off the mosquitoes?
C. Therefore, try to reduce exercise on a hot day.
D. Do colors matter in this hide-and-seek game?
E. The pattern of how you breathe also plays a role.
F. Sweat sends a powerful signal to mosquitoes too.
G. This mix of chemicals is likely to draw mosquitoes.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一个人对蚊子吸引力更大的两个主要因素和远离蚊子的策略。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Dozens of diverse molecules (分子) throughout our body come together to create our unique smell. It’s a combination of a dozen smells. (我们全身数十种不同的分子聚集在一起，形成了我们独特的气味。这是十几种气味的混合。)”可推断下文会说明这种气味对蚊子有吸引力，G选项“这种化学物质的混合物可能会吸引蚊子。” 并且G选项中的“this mix of chemicals”指代上文所说的“a combination”，上下文逻辑一致。同时，横线后句子“It is also possible that.. ”和G选项中的“likely”相呼应，并构成递进关系，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Mosquitoes seek out carbon dioxide. The more we breathe, the more carbon dioxide we send into the air, inviting bugs our way. (蚊子寻找二氧化碳。我们呼吸得越多，向空气中排放的二氧化碳就越多，引来了虫子。)”可知我们的呼吸方式也会吸引蚊子，E选项“你的呼吸方式也有影响。”符合题意，并且E选项中提到的“The pattern of how you breathe”和下文提到的“The more you breathe”相照应，同时，E选项中的also和上文所说内容构成递进关系。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据下文“If it mixes with bacteria on your skin or contains alcohol from your beach-side beers, you have a much higher chance to be bitten. (如果它与你皮肤上的细菌混合，或者含有你在海边喝的啤酒中的酒精，你被咬的几率就会高得多。)”可推知是汗液也会以吸引蚊子，F选项“汗液也会向蚊子发出强烈信号。”并且F横线后句子中的it指代的是F选项中的“sweat”，上下文逻辑一致，故选F。
【19题详解】
设空处为本段的主题句。根据B横线后句子提到了本段关键词“strategies”，之后具体介绍了两种让蚊子远离的方法，可知本段主要介绍让我们远离蚊子的方法，B选项“我们怎样才能赶走蚊子?”符合本段主旨，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Or, you can try a simple trick——grab a fan and point it under a table, since mosquitoes love to stay near the ground and bite our feet. (或者，你可以尝试一个简单的技巧——抓起一把扇子，把它放在桌子下面，因为蚊子喜欢呆在靠近地面的地方，咬我们的脚。)”可知下文解释为什么要这样做，A选项“毕竟，他们不擅长飞行。”紧密承接上文，A选项中的“they”指代的即上文中的mosquitoes，逻辑一致，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our oversized, male Golden Retriever (金毛寻回犬), Rusty weighed much more than most Goldens. Though big, he was ____21____. When Karen, my 18-month-old daughter, held a cookie out to him, he’d take it gently. Wherever she went, Rusty would ____22____ her. If we grown-ups held out food for him, ____23____ , he ate it like a hungry wolf.
One day, I was occupied with chores all the morning in the kitchen. When I looked out the window, my heart ____24____! Our back yard had two levels, with stone steps leading from the lower level to the larger open area above. At the highest point of the steps was a ____25____ of 1.5 meters to the lower level. Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!
Though ____26____, I didn’t shout for fear of frightening her into losing ____27____ and falling to the ground below. Then I noticed Rusty beside her, moving to ____28____ the way. Not to be stopped, Karen walked to an open spot. Just as quickly, Rusty moved himself in front again, ____29____ her.
That repeated a couple of times. Finally, she got _____30_____ and moved back to the center. Sighing with _____31_____, I ran up immediately. “Come on, Karen,” I said, “Let’s go inside and get a _____32_____.”
She clapped her hands and grabbed mine, making her way down slowly. Rusty stayed by her side, moving at her pace. When we got to the door, she _____33_____ my hand and crawled through the doggy door. Rusty followed. This was how they got outside with the door _____34_____. By the time I got to the kitchen, Karen and her four-legged nanny were waiting for the _____35_____ cookie.
I never worried about Karen playing outside after that.
21. A. weak B. loving C. restless D. tolerant
22. A. count on B. take after C. watch over D. turn to
23. A. moreover B. indeed C. thus D. however
24. A. died B. ached C. melted D. sank
25. A. drop B. climb C. width D. length
26. A. overjoyed B. embarrassed C. ashamed D. panicked
27. A. temper B. balance C. heart D. interest
28. A. block B. guide C. find D. push
29. A. pleasing B. rescuing C. guarding D. encouraging
30. A. anxious B. excited C. frustrated D. confident
31. A. sorrow B. relief C. satisfaction D. desperation
32 A. rest B. walk C. cookie D. prize
33. A. loosened B. squeezed C. took D. rubbed
34. A. unlocked B. broken C. open D. shut
35. A. promised B. selected C. hand-made D. newly-bought
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文记叙文。作者讲述了金毛寻回犬照顾自己18个月大的女儿的故事，在女儿遇到危险时，金毛会救护女儿，让她免受伤害。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管体型大但是他是充满爱的。A. weak虚弱的；B. loving充满爱的；C. restless焦躁不安的；D. tolerant宽容的。根据上文“Though big”和下文“When Karen, my 18-month-old daughter, held a cookie out to him, he’d take it gently.(当我18个月大的女儿凯伦把一块饼干递给他时，他会轻轻地接过。)”可知，Rusty是充满爱心的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论她去哪里，Rusty总是照看着她。A. count on依靠；依赖；B. take after效仿；C. watch over照看；D. turn to求助于。根据前文“Karen, my 18-month-old daughter”可知，Karen仅有18个月大，因此推断Rusty总是照看她。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果我们大人给他递上食物，他就会像饿狼一样吃下去。A. moreover此外；而且；B. indeed确实；C. thus因而；D. however然而。上文的“he’d take it gently”和下文的“he ate it like a hungry wolf.”时转折关系，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我向窗外看时，我的心一沉。A. died死亡；B. ached疼痛；C. melted融化；D. sank下沉；(心情)变得沉重。根据下文“Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!( 就在那时，我看见凯伦在楼上沿着边缘走着!)”可知，18个月的女儿在台阶边上走着，作者理应心情沉重。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在台阶的最高处有1.5米的落差。A. drop落差；B. climb攀登；C. width宽度；D. length长度。根据上文“Our back yard had two levels, with stone steps leading from the lower level to the larger open area above.”和下文“1.5 meters to the lower level”可知，上下台阶落差有1.5米。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然惊慌，但我没有喊，怕吓得她失去平衡，掉到下面的地上。A. overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. ashamed惭愧的；D. panicked惊慌的。根据上文“Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!”可知，作者看到女儿在高处走着，应是感到惊慌。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. temper脾气；B. balance平衡；C. heart心；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“falling to the ground below”可知，作者担心女儿失去平衡掉下去。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我注意到拉斯提在她旁边，想挡住去路。A. block阻碍；B. guide指导；C. find发现；D. push推。根据下文“Not to be stopped, Karen walked to an open spot.”可知，金毛狗想要挡住凯伦的路不让她向前走。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉斯提同样迅速地走到她前面，保护着她。A. pleasing（使）开心；B. rescuing营救；C. guarding保护；D. encouraging鼓励。根据上文“Then I noticed Rusty beside her, moving to ____8____ the way.”可知，拉斯提在保护凯伦。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，她感到挫败，回到了中心。A. anxious焦虑的；B. excited兴奋的；C. frustrated挫败的，沮丧的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“That repeated a couple of times.”以及下文“moved back to the center.”可知，拉斯提不断挡住凯伦，最后凯伦感到挫败，放弃了，从边缘回到了中间地带。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我松了口气，立刻跑了上去。A. sorrow悲伤；B. relief宽慰；C. satisfaction满意；D. desperation绝望。根据上文“moved back to the center”可知，女儿安全了，作者感到欣慰，松了一口气。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“来吧，凯伦，”我说，“我们进去吃块饼干吧。”A. rest休息；B. walk走；C. cookie曲奇饼；D. prize奖品。根据下文“Karen and her four-legged nanny were waiting for the ____15____ cookie.”可知，作者放凯伦进里面吃饼干。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们走到门口时，她松开了我的手，通过狗门爬了进去。A. loosened放开；B. squeezed挤压；C. took拿；取；D. rubbed摩擦。根据下文“crawled through the doggy door”可知，凯伦从狗门里爬进去的，因此松开了拉着作者的手。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们就是这样关着门走出去的。A. unlocked开锁；B. broken打破；C. open打开；D. shut关闭。根据上文“crawled through the doggy door. Rusty followed.”可知，凯伦和金毛通过狗门进出，这就是他们在门关着的情况下出去的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我到厨房的时候，凯伦和她的四条腿的保姆正在等着被承诺的饼干。A. promised被允诺的；B. selected被选择的；C. hand-made手工制作的；D. newly-bought新购买的。根据上文““Let’s go inside and get a ____12____.”可知，饼干是作者承诺给的。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As Buddhism gained popularity in China during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need ____36____ (arise) to produce numerous Buddhist scriptures(经书), and copying by hand could not meet ____37____ rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production, ____38____ (mark) a major turning point in printing history.
There are four steps involved in ____39____ (tradition) woodblock printing, with each step sub-divided into several procedures. ____40____ lies at the center of the technique is carving. Characters and images ____41____ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper.
A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, ____42____ (make) in868, is the “earliest dated printed book” in the words of the British Library ____43____ it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also demonstrate the ____44____ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
The invention of writing gave life _____45_____ great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind.
【答案】36. arose
37. the 38. marking
39. traditional
40. What 41. are carved
42. made 43. where
44. pursuit
45. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的雕版印刷术的起源和四个步骤。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：随着佛教在中国唐代的普及，人们强烈需要制作大量的佛经，而手工抄写已不能满足日益增长的需求。前文提到随着佛教在唐朝的盛行，提供了明显的时间指示词。因此佛经需求上涨的动作发生在唐朝，使用一般过去时。故填arose。
【37题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：随着佛教在唐代在中国的普及，人们强烈需要制作大量的佛经，而手工抄写已不能满足日益增长的需求。前文提到了a strong need，此处特指该需求，使用meet the rising demand。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代工匠因此发明了大批量生产的雕版印刷术，标志着印刷史上的一个重大转折点。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语woodblock printing构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填marking。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：传统的雕版印刷有四个步骤，每个步骤又分为几个步骤。修饰名词woodblock printing应用形容词traditional，作定语。故填traditional。
【40题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：这种技术的核心是雕刻。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，最终将墨水涂在纸上。文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，最终涂上墨水。主语与谓语构成被动关系，此处描述雕版印刷的制作方法，时态为一般现在时，且主语为characters anti images，谓语动词用被动态的复数形式。故填are carved。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛教经典《金刚经》，用大英图书馆的话说，是“日期最早的印刷书籍”。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra构成被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填made。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛教经典《金刚经》，用大英图书馆的话说，是“日期最早的印刷书籍”。此处先行词为the British Library，在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填where。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：这只是古代艺术品的一个例子，它不仅讲述了我们祖先的智慧，也展示了几个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。此处作为demonstrate的宾语，应该用名词pursuit。故填pursuit。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：文字的发明孕育了伟大的思想，但印刷术的发明使知识成为全人类共享的成果。此处为固定搭配give life to，表示“赋予生命”。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外国留学生朋友James想在中国进行社会实践，现有如下两种选择：博物馆讲解员或乡村中学志愿者。James来信向你寻求建议，请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.建议其中一项活动；
2.说明至少两点理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear James,
How is everything going?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear James,
How is everything going? Based on your interests, I would recommend you to become a museum guide.
Firstly, working as a museum guide will provide you with a unique opportunity to soak yourself in Chinese history and culture, offering insights into the country’s past and present. What’s more, by engaging in daily conversations with tourists and explaining the cultural significance of the artifacts in Chinese, you’ll have ample chance to practice and enhance your language proficiency.
Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you and feel free to reach out if you need further guidance.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国留学生朋友James写封信，给他提出在中国进行社会实践的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：firstly→in the first place
提供：offer→provide
充当：work as→serve as
另外：what’s more→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Firstly, working as a museum guide will provide you with a unique opportunity to soak yourself in Chinese history and culture, offering insights into the country’s past and present.
拓展句：Firstly, working as a museum guide will provide you with a unique opportunity to soak yourself in Chinese history and culture, which will offer insights into the country’s past and present.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Based on your interests, I would recommend you to become a museum guide. (运用了过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you and feel free to reach out if you need further guidance. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had a lovely, odd aunt named Amelia. She always ware colorful clothing and had a colorful personality to match. She was brave, beautiful, outgoing, and generous. Despite her modest beginnings, she managed to turn her passion for dance into a successful career. Amelia’s journey began when she got accepted into the famous Juilliard School of Dance in the heart of Manhattan. With dedication and discipline, she sharpened her skills, specializing in ballet. Her graceful movements and remarkable talent earned her awards and paved the way for a promising future.
She went on to teach dance at Juilliard and later toured the world as a member of the New York City Ballet. Although I had never attended one of her professional productions, I was eventually treated to an unexpected, semi-private solo performance by her.
While I was visiting her as a young girl, she surprised me with an outing to a grand theater to watch a ball et performance. The theater was large, spacious, and decorated with beautifully crafted wooden balconies and private boxes. We were seated in the front row at ground level. Toward the end of the show, the lead dancer twirled (旋转) across the stage with elegance and precision. The beautiful music grew louder, and the audience became fascinated by the amazing show. Right at this moment, my aunt rose from her seat, then turned and faced the audience. I instantly slipped down in my seat, unsure of what was happening. With graceful movements, Amelia seamlessly joined the dancers on stage, effortlessly blending (融入) into the performance. The audience were all shocked at first. However, as Amelia showed her dance skills, twirling across the stage and expressing emotions through her movements, they couldn’t take their eyes off her. It seemed like she was meant to be there.
注意：1.续写词数应为150 左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As the music ended, Amelia calmly returned to her seat, breathing steadily.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Inspired by Amelia, I decided to pursue my own dream of dancing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 As the music ended, Amelia calmly returned to her seat, breathing steadily. People began to rise, applauding and cheering, unable to contain their admiration for the unexpected treat they had just experienced. Amelia’s radiant smile mirrored their excitement as she graciously accepted their praise. She then turned to me, eyes twinkling with a mischievous glimmer, “Was that a good show, my dear?” In that moment, I realized the true power of art to transcend boundaries and touch lives. It was a lesson that would stay with me.
Inspired by Amelia, I decided to pursue my own dream of dancing. I enrolled in dance classes and immersed myself in the world of movement and expression. Countless hours were spent in rehearsal studios, pushing my body to its limits and honing my craft. There were times when exhaustion set in, and doubts crept into my mind, but I always remembered Aunt Amelia’s grace and passion, which fueled my determination to succeed. The solo performance in that theater forever altered the course of my artistic journey, serving as a reminder that extraordinary moments can happen unexpectedly, and true brilliance knows no limits.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的阿姨阿米莉亚带作者去看一场舞蹈，当演出结束时，阿姨用自己杰出的舞蹈技能向观众和作者展现了一场意外但是迷人的舞蹈，让作者意识到，非凡的时刻可能出人意料地发生，而真正的才华是无止境的。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“音乐结束后，阿米莉亚平静地回到座位上，呼吸平稳。”可知，第一段可描写观众对阿米莉亚的赞美，以及对作者的影响。
②由第二段首句内容“受阿米莉亚的启发，我决定追求自己的舞蹈梦想。”可知，第二段可描写作者如何追求自己的舞蹈梦想，以及感悟。
2. 续写线索：阿米莉亚带我看舞蹈表演——表演结束时，阿米莉亚上台表演——受到观众的赞美——作者被深深震撼，决定追求自己的舞蹈梦想——作者为自己的梦想而努力——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
表扬：applaud/praise/acclaim
接受：accept/receive/gain
登记：enroll in/sign up/enter one’s name
情绪类
出乎意料的：unexpected/astonishing/unpredicted
兴奋：excitement/passion/thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1]Amelia’s radiant smile mirrored their excitement as she graciously accepted their praise. (as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]There were times when exhaustion set in, and doubts crept into my mind, but I always remembered Aunt Amelia’s grace and passion, which fueled my determination to succeed. (which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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