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Passage 1
Anxius exam candidates’ prblem is the run-up r preparatin, nt the exam itself.
Exams are always tense and wrrying, especially fr thse f an anxius persnality. The silence f the hall; the 1 f the clck; the cntent expressin f the persn at the neighburing desk. It therefre seems 2 surprising that thse wh wrry abut tests d systematically 3 than thse wh d nt. Unexpectedly, accrding t a research in Psychlgical Science by Maria Thebald, it is nt the pressure f the exam which causes the prblem. It is the 4 pressure.
What Dr Therbald fund was that 5 n the day f the test did nt predict exam perfrmance at all. What predicted it was the level f knwledge a student 6 in the earlier learning activities and displayed in the mck (模拟) exam. Thse wh 7 well in these als did well in the real thing, 8 hw anxius they were n the day. What actually 9 students were high levels f anxiety during the weeks befre the exam tk place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days befre the exam, the lwer his r her knwledge-gain was during that perid, leaving that student with less material t 10 during the exam itself.
This is a psitive discvery, 11 it suggests the anxius might achieve better result by adjusting their apprach when revising. Dr. Thebald ntes that test-anxiety is at its wrst when students have lw 12 f success and at the same time knw that passing the exam is 13 imprtant. T reduce this anxiety, she prpses a 14 fr students t cnsider as they revise. First, they can raise their belief in their wn abilities by reminding themselves f just hw much they knw. Secnd, they can 15 the significance f the test by reminding themselves that, while it is imprtant, it is nt a life r death situatin. It really isn’t.
1．A．swingingB．tickingC．drppingD．ringing
2．A．slightlyB．basicallyC．hardlyD．cmpletely
3．A．wrseB．betterC．lessD．higher
4．A．presentatinB．memryC．revisinD．time
5．A．atmsphereB．expressinC．utcmeD．anxiety
6．A．preparedB．frgtC．gainedD．increased
7．A．perfrmedB．respndedC．behavedD．activated
8．A．because fB．as frC．except frD．regardless f
9．A．tk backB．held backC．pushed backD．brught back
10．A．recrdB．reviewC．reciteD．reprduce
11．A．frB．thughC．andD．if
12．A．spiritsB．attitudeC．expectatinD．ideas
13．A．immediatelyB．anxiuslyC．apprximatelyD．extremely
14．A．theryB．strategyC．planD．decisin
15．A．decreaseB．enhanceC．realizeD．recgnize
Passage 2
The part f the envirnmental mvement that draws my firm’s attentin is the design f buildings. Tday, thusands f peple cme t 16 building cnferences, and the idea that buildings can be gd fr peple and the envirnment will be increasingly 17 in years t cme. Back in 1984 we discvered that mst manufactured prducts fr decratin weren’t designed fr 18 use. The “energy-efficient” sealed cmmercial buildings cnstructed after the 1970s energy crisis 19 indr air quality prblems caused by materials such as paint, wall cvering and carpet. S fr 20 years, we’ve been lking fr ways t make these materials 20 fr peple and the planet.
Hme builders can nw use materials, such as green paints, that release significantly 21 amunts f chemical cmpunds, which peple believe dn’t 22 the quality f the air. 23 , ur basic design strategy is fcused nt simply n being “less bad” but n creating 24 healthful materials that can be either safely returned t the sil r 25 by industry again and again. Fr example, the wrld’s largest carpet manufacturer has already 26 a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.
Lk at it this way: n ne 27 t create a building that destry the planet. But ur current industrial systems are basically causing these cnditins, whether we like it r nt. S 28 f simply trying t reduce the damage, we are 29 a psitive apprach. We’re giving peple high-quality, healthful prducts and an pprtunity t make chices that have a 30 effect n the wrld. It is nt just the building industry, either. Entire cities are taking these envirnmentally psitive appraches t design, planning and building.
16．A．cmmercialB．greenC．traditinalD．simple
17．A．efficientB．changeableC．influentialD．effective
18．A．relevantB．indrC．flexibleD．frward
19．A．revealedB．displayedC．exhibitedD．discvered
20．A．carefulB．cmfrtableC．stableD．safe
21．A．reducedB．revisedC．delayedD．defined
22．A．destryB．denyC．disslveD．depress
23．A．AnywayB．BesidesC．AnyhwD．Hwever
24．A．exactlyB．cmpletelyC．partiallyD．superficially
25．A．restredB．regainC．reusedD．retain
26．A．develpedB．stretchedC．researchedD．cnstructed
27．A．sets ffB．sets abutC．sets utD．sets up
28．A．insteadB．becauseC．utD．regardless
29．A．adjustingB．adptingC．adaptingD．admitting
30．A．functinalB．sensibleC．beneficialD．precius
Passage 3
The histry f human beings is naturally a prcess t pursue happiness, which is the ultimate purpse f life. Happiness makes us cpe with ur careers energetically and harmnise life 31 . Hwever, the wrd “pursue” evidences that happiness is like a hrizn (地平线), when we mve further, it 32 away.
Obviusly, defining happiness has 33 mankind fr thusands f years because individuals all have their wn 34 and, mre critically, human desires are almst limitless. 35 is the cmmn standard fr happiness f merchants, yet their dreams f being billinaires and even zillinaires always fllw the fulfilments f the dreams f being millinaires. The prcess f struggling fr may-be happiness always ends in must-be 36 . Thus, the definitin f happiness can hardly be 37 .
Nevertheless, althugh happiness is indefinable, it is still easy fr us t find the 38 examples f happy peple, wh, in fact, share three features in cmmn: ptimistic mentality, 39 bdy, and stable incme. It is apparent that mst f the sufferings are 40 by external surrundings and they are nearly unavidable. Thus, ne can nly change his mentality t 41 them. Meanwhile, withut health ne cannt sustain happiness t enjy the 42 f life.
Furthermre, t be realistic, a beggar, while struggling in pverty, can never be as peaceful as a millinaire 43 n the Pacific cean. Hence, stable incme is als significant fr achieving happiness.
T summarise, t define happiness will nt be s hard if humans can understand happiness in a standard way and eliminate (消灭) their 44 ttally. Hwever, befre the realisatin f this 45 , being ptimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” t happiness.
31．A．instantlyB．ptimisticallyC．permanentlyD．definitely
32．A．givesB．breaksC．backsD．puts
33．A．helpedB．changedC．cnfusedD．interrupted
34．A．interpretatinsB．cmpsitinsC．slutinsD．ptins
35．A．FameB．HealthC．LibertyD．Wealth
36．A．dissatisfactinB．sacrificeC．mtivatinD．success
37．A．cpiedB．settledC．expectedD．expanded
38．A．uniqueB．walkingC．rareD．running
39．A．weakB．slimC．sundD．large
40．A．brught abutB．held backC．cut dwnD．pulled up
41．A．findB．graspC．testD．clear
42．A．luxuryB．cycleC．utcmeD．sunshine
43．A．singingB．livingC．sailingD．flying
44．A．greedB．fearC．dreamD．pverty
45．A．valueB．galC．causeD．ptential
Passage 4
‘Guilty’ Pleasures? N Such Thing
We knw them when we see them: The TV shws and mvies we lve, even thugh we just knw they’re bad. The trashy bks we simply can’t 46 . The awful earwrms we hate t lve.
Yes, these are ur guilty pleasures — what sme peple cnsider the 47 fd in ur media diets. But if we enjy them, why shuld we feel 48 ? We shuld be free t enjy whatever we like! And as it turns ut, these s-called “guilty” pleasures can actually be gd fr us, s lng as they’re enjyed in 49 .
Taking a mental break and enjying smething that desn’t require intense intellectual 50 gets us ut f prblem-slving mde, said Rbin Nabi, a prfessr f cmmunicatin at the University f Califrnia, Santa Barbara, wh specializes in media effects and emtin. It can als imprve ur ability t prductively deal with stressrs and help us 51 mre psitively with ther peple.
If that’s true, then why d guilty pleasures get such a bad 52 ? Well, it’s nt the addictin itself, but the 53 we have when talking abut them. Hwever, accrding t experts like Dr. Nabi, feeling guilty abut r disparaging (贬低) activities we enjy can 54 the benefits they ffer us while getting rid f self-impsed (自我强加的) embarrassment abut ur interests can be empwering and enrich ur scial lives, which is why it’s time t remve “guilty pleasure” frm ur cllective 55 .
One imprtant value f a guilty pleasure is the bnd it can create between peple. “These shws are ut there fr a reasn — they’re resnating (产生共鸣的),” Dr. Nabi said. He added that the cnnectins we make with thers wh share ur interests in such things “is nt t be 56 .”
57 , talking abut what we enjy can ease any remaining guilt and makes it easier t discver mre things that bring us pleasure. Being able t talk 58 abut what we lve is mre than just a way t spend the time. After all, if yu dn’t feel like yu can be hnest abut what TV pleases yu, then what else are yu 59 yurself and thers.
Still, it’s best t fllw the age-ld advice ur parents taught us: Everything in mderatin. Thugh guilt can enhance pleasure in sme cases, it can als push us t indulge (沉溺) in 60 we feel guilty abut in thers.
46．A．turn dwnB．take inC．tear apartD．put dwn
47．A．junkB．sugaryC．spiritualD．transfrmative
48．A．relaxedB．guiltyC．helplessD．alert
49．A．massB．mderatinC．minimumD．depressin
50．A．fcusB．superirityC．qualityD．develpment
51．A．struggleB．chargeC．engageD．persevere
52．A．breakupB．principleC．cnditinD．reputatin
53．A．cnsciusnessB．bligatinC．attitudesD．requirements
54．A．switchB．receiveC．claimD．decrease
55．A．vcabularyB．experienceC．recgnitinD．target
56．A．establishedB．underestimatedC．fundD．strengthened
57．A．In additinB．On the cntraryC．All in allD．Therefre
58．A．enthusiasticallyB．casuallyC．penlyD．plitely
59．A．driving awayB．insisting nC．pushing frwardD．keeping frm
60．A．theriesB．behavirsC．prblemsD．relatinships
Passage 5
“Challenge-based learning is ften fcused n the challenges that have glbal impact. The students, wh 61 the challenge, ften dn’t knw what the slutin will be. The facilitatr is keeping them frm 62 a slutin t early, and encurages t analyze the challenge frm multiple pints f view, and frm different scientific perspectives,” says Vilma Sukacke, a researcher at Kaunas University f Technlgy (KTU), Lithuania.
Such a learning apprach is very fitting t sustainability educatin, which, accrding t varius schlars, 63 a cntextual, prblem-riented, reflective, interdisciplinary (跨学科), cllabrative, participatry and empwered learning envirnment. In ther wrds, educatrs have t 64 frm mre traditinal teacher-centred educatin t becming instructinal designers f student-centred educatin.
Aiming t evaluate the 65 f such appraches, a grup f researchers frm Lithuanian, Danish, German, Prtuguese and Spanish universities cnducted a systematic literature review, 66 the three active learning methds, i.e.. prject, prblem and challenge-based learning accrding t the ADDIE (analysis, design, develpment, implementatin, and evaluatin) framewrk.
67 the educatrs agree that prblem-based learning (PBL), prject-based learning (PJBL) and, mre recently, challenge-based learning (CBL) are efficient in teaching the students t 68 technlgy in real-life situatins and imprving their transversal (横向) skills, such as teamwrk, cmmunicatin and cnflict reslutin, the applicatin f these methds in the classrm may be challenging fr bth sides.
“In my practice, I have nticed that smetimes students are 69 innvative learning methds and are cnsidering them as a srt f a game. As these classes ften take place in a play full envirnment, full f different pencils, clrful ntes and building blcks, it’s difficult fr the students t take them 70 . Therefre, it’s very imprtant t 71 the methds and the gals t the learners very clearly,” says Prfessr Saule Petrniene frm KTU Faculty f Scial Sciences, Arts and Humanities, a c-authr f the study.
Accrding t her, t successfully apply uncnventinal teaching methds is a challenge fr a beginning teacher. Hwever, this effrt 72 , especially when students cntinue their activities utside schl and fcus n slving 73 scial prblems.
Rescarchers believe that the 74 f CBL, PJBL, and PBL requires a paradigm (范式) shift, where rganizatin, staff and students change their view t educatin and learning. In this prcess, bth teachers and students need t apply new skills and 75 rles that they might nt have needed befre.
61．A．allwB．intrduceC．acceptD．expect
62．A．carrying nB．fcusing nC．applying frD．inquiring abut
63．A．cares abutB．tells fC．turns tD．calls fr
64．A．shiftB．differC．sufferD．learn
65．A．utcmeB．efficiencyC．impactD．value
66．A．explringB．applyingC．mdifyingD．explaining
67．A．WhetherB．As lng asC．AlthughD．Because
68．A．develpB．includeC．assciateD．integrate
69．A．apprvingB．questiningC．preventingD．adpting
70．A．affectinatelyB．calmlyC．seriuslyD．clly
71．A．transferB．changeC．cmmunicateD．express
72．A．pays ffB．ges awayC．gives ffD．breaks dwn
73．A．subjectiveB．realC．imaginaryD．virtual
74．A．cmbinatinB．rganizatinC．realizatinD．cperatin
75．A．take nB．put awayC．send frD．deal with
Passage 6
Have yu ever had a sng stuck in yur head and, n matter hw hard yu tried, yu culd nt get rid f it? The sng played n and n, whether yu were lading the dishwasher, weaving in and ut f traffic, r attempting t 76 yur mind at the start f yga class.
Having a sng stuck in ne’s head, knwn as an earwrm, is an experience that ver 90% f us have n a 77 basis. We’re mre likely t catch an earwrm after we stp fcusing, in mments when the wrking memry is 78 , when we’re relaxed, when wrk is finished r when we’re a bit sleepy.
Certain sngs are 79 than thers, and s mre likely t “aut repeat” in yur head. There are certain musical characteristics that make sngs mre likely t becme earwrms, such as if the piece is repetitive, if there is a lnger duratin f certain ntes, if 80 between the ntes are smaller. 81 , we knw that md can have an impact, with sme peple reprting that they always get the same earwrm when they feel gd, r peple experiencing a fast-temp earwrm when they are 82 . And f curse familiarity with a sng is a key 83 . Sngs that yu dn’t knw very well are less likely t pp up as earwrms.
If yu’ve had enugh f yur earwrm and need t stp it in its tracks, yu wuld be well warned nt t try t blck the sng ut, but rather t 84 accept it. A determined effrt t blck the sng ut may result in the very 85 f what yu want. Accrding t psychlgist Daniel Wegner, 86 the sng may make yur brain keep playing it ver and ver again. T get rid f an earwrm, yu may be best served by simply 87 it, accepting it, and leaving it alne t let this phenmenn ends up weakening itself little by little.
Sme peple try t 88 themselves frm the sng, and it wrks. Yu can try reading a bk, listening t a different sng r even playing an instrument. Others 89 the tune in questin, because it is cmmnly believed that earwrms ccur when yu remember nly part f a sng; hearing the entire sng may stp it. Neurlgists (神经学家) pint ut that it’s recmmendable t chew gum t reduce the 90 f an earwrm because jaw mvement interferes with musical memry. Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that this phenmenn usually lasts less than 24 hurs.
76．A．burdenB．clearC．alterD．explit
77．A．trialB．slidC．vluntaryD．regular
78．A．inactiveB．cmplicatedC．dynamicD．uncertain
79．A．catchierB．slwerC．harsherD．luder
80．A．phasesB．intervalsC．rhythmsD．sessins
81．A．InsteadB．TherefreC．OtherwiseD．Additinally
82．A．alertB．pleasedC．remteD．rigid
83．A．criterinB．cnsequenceC．cnceptD．cntributr
84．A．readilyB．cnstantlyC．passivelyD．critically
85．A．ppsiteB．fantasyC．emphasisedD．equivalent
86．A．integratingB．cnvertingC．resistingD．tlerating
87．A．interruptingB．acknwledgingC．stimulatingD．facilitating
88．A．perceiveB．islateC．distractD．identify
89．A．seek utB．act utC．cast utD．knck ut
90．A．prprtinB．intensityC．integrityD．preference
Passage 7
Has smene ever tld yu smething that made yu dubt yur wn memry r judgment? If s, yu may be a 91 f gaslighting. “Gaslighting” is a kind f psychlgical abuse t gain 92 ver thers by purpsely making ther peple think they’re wrng even when they’re right. The term cmes frm Patrick Hamiltn’s play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks t cnvince his wife Bella that she is 93 , by saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) f the gas light in their hme, when it was actually he wh lwered the brightness f the light.
Gaslighting is initially used t talk abut what happens in rmantic relatinships. Hwever, many individuals als experience gaslighting at wrk. 94 , a recent survey has fund that 58% f the respndents said they have experienced gaslighting at wrk. It’s 95 since gaslighting usually invlves a pwer relatinship and a need t cntrl thers. In the wrkplace, the 96 between a bss and his emplyee can be the perfect breeding (滋生的) grund fr this type f behavir. Yur bss might tell yu t handle an assignment in a certain way, but when yu d, he gets 97 and says it wasn’t what he wanted. It makes yu feel like yur memry is 98 . In ther situatins, yur bss may exclude yu frm a meeting 99 and when yu ask him abut it, he might accuse yu f being t sensitive instead f answering yur questin directly.
In rder t find ut whether yur bss’s behavir really 100 gaslighting r he is just a pr cmmunicatr, yu culd write dwn yur experiences and ask yurself what really happened, what his mtives might have been, and hw yur emtin was 101 . But always be careful because gaslighters knw hw t fly under the radar (雷达). They are skilled at weakening an emplyee’s cnfidence and sense f reality in a clever and 102 way.
T prtect yurself, at the end f the cnversatin with yur bss, repeat back what yu heard and fllw up with an e-mail restating the main pints, 103 the interactins between yu tw. But dn’t get yur hpes high that this will autmatically slve the prblem, Rbin Stern, authr f The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it’s hard t get a gaslighter t 104 his behavir pattern. If things dn’t imprve, yu may want t cnsider getting ut f the gaslighting situatin by lking fr a new psitin. It may be ne f the best things yu can d fr yur 105 well-being.
91．A．creatrB．victimC．hstD．schlar
92．A．pwerB．wealthC．supprtD．experience
93．A．having funB．feeling angryC．ging crazyD．becming yunger
94．A．By cmparisnB．Wrse stillC．After allD．In fact
95．A．unsurprisingB．irrelevantC．unnecessaryD．imprper
96．A．harmniesB．dynamicsC．phasesD．replacements
97．A．annyedB．interestedC．frightenedD．excited
98．A．visualB．painfulC．faultyD．lasting
99．A．at randmB．fr sureC．in timeD．n purpse
100．A．recmmendsB．cnstitutesC．escapesD．discvers
101．A．facilitatedB．affectedC．representedD．mnitred
102．A．hard-t-prveB．easy-t-sptC．safe-t-learnD．tugh-t-survive
103．A．interruptingB．vercmingC．abandningD．dcumenting
104．A．submitB．attainC．changeD．frgive
105．A．emtinalB．physicalC．virtualD．ecnmic
Passage 8
An interesting study fund capuchin mnkeys (僧帽猴), like humans, are guided by scial emtins. Try paying ne mnkey with grapes and anther with cucumbers fr the 106 amunt f wrk and yu may be surprised at the results! The mnkey wh gt the cucumbers will prbably 107 wrking fr yu. He may even thrw ut the cucumbers, even thugh mnkeys are usually 108 t receive them, says Sarah Brsnan, a psychlgy prfessr at Gergia State University.
That experiment by Brsnan and Frans de Wall published in 2003 in Nature was ne f the first t shw that animals may have an assessment fr 109 — a mral sense that many researchers previusly thught nly humans pssessed. Since then, many results have suggested that animals — particularly thse that depend n 110 fr their survival may have an inbrn sense f justice.
Scial animals, which are interdependent fr a living, will 111 share rewards with thers wh wrked tward the same gal. “The built-in sense didn’t develp first in humans. It’s pssibly smething that began in scial species, and 112 t us.” Brsnan said in an interview.
One study 113 that sme animals particularly the nes that hunt tgether divide up the rewards. Anther study even finds that animals will ccasinally deliver a better reward t a partner than they themselves 114 . In research by Brsnan and her clleagues published in American Jurnal f Primatlgy, tw capuchin mnkeys had t wrk tgether t pull a plate f fd t their cages. But befre they began pulling, the mnkeys had t decide which ne wuld get a grape and which ne wuld get an apple slice. 115 fighting ver the grape r always letting the leading mnkey eat it, the animals generally vary rles n the way, s they bth earned sme grapes and sme apple slices, Brsnan fund. In cases where the 116 mnkey always gt the gd fd, the ther mnkey were likely t give up participating. Mre ften than nt, it preferred t 117 a reward than be paid unfairly.
Accrding t Brsnan, that tendency t share rewards fairly prbably develped as a result f the way capuchins wrk tgether t hunt. “If we are hunting and I am nt giving yu much f the kill, yu wuld be better ff finding anther 118 ,” she says.
Hwever, interpreting animal behavir thrugh human eyes can be 119 , bserves Marc Hauser, a Harvard psychlgy prfessr and evlutinary bilgist. In the cucumber-grape study, fr example, the mnkeys culd have 120 the cucumbers simply because they were annyed that they didn’t get a grape nce they saw it.
106．A．variusB．enrmusC．equalD．superb
107．A．riskB．restartC．quitD．fancy
108．A．matureB．cntentC．passiveD．shcked
109．A．stabilityB．reputatinC．enduranceD．fairness
110．A．necessitiesB．rewardsC．emtinD．cperatin
111．A．naturallyB．barelyC．surprisinglyD．ccasinally
112．A．evlvedB．cmmunicatedC．deliveredD．referred
113．A．deniesB．predictsC．indicatesD．suspects
114．A．discverB．receiveC．expectD．present
115．A．Instead fB．Thanks tC．Regardless fD．Prir t
116．A．diligentB．dminantC．generusD．utging
117．A．saveB．admireC．shareD．refuse
118．A．partnerB．rleC．huntD．task
119．A．criticalB．pessimisticC．prblematicD．marvellus
120．A．set asideB．thrwn awayC．held ntD．aimed at
Passage 9
Betty Suarez is nt a traditinal American beauty. She has a(n) 121 dress sense, thick red glasses, untidy hair and large metal braces(牙箍) n her teeth. But this hasn’t 122 her becming ne f Americans’ favrite TV characters. S hw did she 123 t d it?
The answer is that charm can be mre 124 than beauty. Betty is the main character in a TV shw called Ugly Betty. The shw fllws her life wrking as a(n) 125 at a fashin magazine ding unimprtant things. She is cntinuusly being 126 and laughed at by the peple she wrks with.
But Betty successfully gets 127 by wrking hard, being charming and using her 128 . The heart f the shw is the 129 ld-fashined fairytale f hw ne ges frm being an ugly 130 int being a beautiful swan.
131 the shw being predictable and the stry familiar, it has still been a massive success in the US. Its ratings have been 132 high and it has wn tw Glden Glbes awards.
Many peple feel able t 133 the character Betty. “I think yu can see a bit f Betty in all f us.” says Ashley Jensen, wh plays ne f the characters in the shw.
Anther reasn why the prgram is s ppular is the 134 f the 23-year-ld actress America Ferrera wh plays Betty. She brings heart and sul t the character.
The secnd series has just been 135 in the US. S there will be mre adventures t cme frm the fashinably challenged Betty.
121．A．smartB．mdernC．wrngD．unfashinable
122．A．encuragedB．pushedC．stppedD．avided
123．A．tendB．intendC．manageD．help
124．A．challengingB．appealingC．cmfrtingD．disappinting
125．A．assistantB．clumnistC．jurnalistD．manager
126．A．praisedB．cheeredC．bulliedD．ignred
127．A．abutB．awayC．upD．ahead
128．A．magicB．beautyC．wisdmD．tricks
129．A．slightlyB．rarelyC．hardlyD．merely
130．A．frgB．duckC．birdD．persn
131．A．EvenB．WithC．DespiteD．Since
132．A．cnstantlyB．rughlyC．partlyD．chiefly
133．A．lk up tB．relate tC．get alng withD．put up with
134．A．absenceB．influenceC．appearanceD．perfrmance
135．A．celebratedB．cancelledC．releasedD．exhibited
Passage 10
Reducing the use f plastic is a balance between what yu can affrd and what yu can get. I’ve 136 a lt frm a plastic-free lifestyle. It helps me 137 my carbn ftprint and save mney.
I’ve fund that living plastic free is a great way t 138 mindless nline shpping. Nwadays, I 139 weigh the pssibility f returning an rder befre I hit the 140 buttn. D I have smething else I culd 141 t meet this need? Is there a place I can get it 142 s I dn’t have t deal with all the plastic it’ll arrive in?
Besides, I’ve slwly 143 the cllectin f the things that I want, and that are made t last. Anytime I need t replace a bigger-ticket item, I’m 144 t lk fr a secnd-hand versin f a nicer, 145 item, which I can ften find fr the same price as a new but less durable (耐用的) mdel.
Of curse, there are certain situatins where plastic is the mst 146 chice. I recently rerganized my clset and fund that I 147 clear plastic cntainers fr my ff-seasn clthing. After a few 148 t my favrite neighbrhd charity shp, I fund a set f Rubbermaid strage cntainers that 149 the bill.
Life withut plastic desn’t take place vernight. Devte yurself t making a few 150 in yur daily plastic use and see where it takes yu.
136．A．heardB．benefitedC．receivedD．suffered
137．A．recrdB．rebuildC．reduceD．recall
138．A．prmteB．cnsiderC．preventD．experience
139．A．hardlyB．disappintedlyC．unfrtunatelyD．carefully
140．A．purchaseB．printC．repeatD．pwer
141．A．repurpseB．abandnC．rewardD．remember
142．A．abradB．indrsC．nlineD．lcally
143．A．sldB．fferedC．develpedD．dnated
144．A．eagerB．embarrassedC．annyedD．sad
145．A．smaller-sizedB．faster-mvingC．better-shapedD．lnger-lasting
146．A．strangeB．suitableC．dangerusD．difficult
147．A．discveredB．designedC．ruinedD．needed
148．A．slutinsB．visitsC．radsD．exceptins
149．A．fitB．payC．cutD．sent
150．A．cmmentsB．ntesC．changesD．stps
提升版
Passage 11
Many cities arund the wrld tday are heavily plluted. Careless methds f prductin and 151 f cnsumer demands fr envirnment friendly prducts have 152 the pllutin prblem. One 153 is that millins f tns f glass, paper, plastic, and metal cntainers are prduced, and these are difficult t get rid f.
154 , tday, mre and mre cnsumers are chsing “green” and demanding that the prducts they buy shuld be safe fr the envirnment. 155 they buy a prduct, they ask questins like these: “Will this shamp damage the envirnment?” “Can this metal cntainer be 156 r can it nly be used nce?”
A recent study shwed that tw 157 five adults nw cnsider the envirnmental safety f a prduct befre they buy it. This means that cmpanies must nw change the 158 they make and sell their prducts t make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly t the envirnment.
Only a few years ag, it was impssible t find green prducts in supermarkets, but nw there are hundreds. Sme supermarket prducts 159 labels t shw that the prduct is green. Sme cmpanies emphasize that their prducts are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling 160 .
The 161 fr a safer and cleaner envirnment is making cmpanies rethink 162 they d business. N lnger will the public accept the ld 163 f “Buy it, use it, thrw it away and frget it.” The public 164 is still here, and cmpanies are 165 their act gradually.
151．A．partB．lackC．ltsD．varieties
152．A．applied tB．cntributed tC．expsed tD．devted t
153．A．pssibilityB．chanceC．resultD．effect
154．A．TherefreB．FurthermreC．SimilarlyD．Hwever
155．A．AfterB．ThughC．BefreD．Unless
156．A．reusedB．safeC．friendlyD．returned
157．A．fB．nC．frmD．ut f
158．A．rhymeB．wayC．sectinD．branch
159．A．carryB．takeC．includeD．make
160．A．advantageB．techniqueC．pintD．attractin
161．A．cncernB．hpeC．careD．plan
162．A．whatB．hwC．whetherD．when
163．A．sayingB．trustC．attitudeD．fashin
164．A．pressureB．pleasureC．discussinD．interest
165．A．enlargingB．sharingC．cleaningD．imprving
Passage 12
Since 1960, cnsiderable scientific researches have been dne n chimps in their natural habitats. Astnishingly, scientists have fund ut that the scial 166 f Chimps are very similar t humans. Chimps will 167 in certain ways, like gathering tgether t prtect their land. But beynd the minimum requirements as scial beings, they have little instinct (本能) t 168 ne anther. Chimps in the wild seek fd fr themselves. Even chimp mthers regularly 169 t share fd with their children. Wh are able frm a yung age t gather their wn fd?
In the labratry, chimps dn’t 170 share fd either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in ne plate f fd fr himself r, with n greater effrt, a plate that als prvides fd fr a neighbr t the next cage, he will pull 171 -he just desn’t care whether his neighbr gets fed r nt. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, 172 , are extremely cperative. Frm the earliest ages, they decide t help thers, t share infrmatin and t participate in achieving cmmn gals. The psychlgist Michael Tmasell has studied this 173 in a series f experiments with very yung children. He finds that if babies aged 18 mnths see a wrried adult with hands full trying t pen a dr, almst all will immediately try t help.
There are several reasns t believe that the urges t help, infrm and share are nt taught, but naturally 174 in yung children. One is that these instincts appear at a very 175 age befre mst parents have started t train their children t behave 176 . Anther is that the helping behavirs are nt imprved if the children are rewarded. A third reasn is that scial intelligence 177 in children befre their general cgnitive(认知的) skills, at least when cmpared with chimps. In tests cnducted by Tmasell, the human children did n better than the chimps n the 178 wrld tests but were cnsiderably better at understanding the scial wrld.
The cre (核心) f what children’s minds have and chimps’ dn’t is what Tmasell calls shared intentinality. Part f this ability is that they can 179 what thers knw r are thinking. But beynd that, even very yung children want t be part f a shared purpse. They actively seek t be part f a “we”, a grup that intends t wrk tward a(n) 180 gal.
166．A．structuresB．respnsibilitiesC．pliciesD．behavirs
167．A．cnflictB．ffendC．cperateD．discuss
168．A．helpB．cntactC．divideD．trust
169．A．manageB．declineC．attemptD．frce
170．A．curiuslyB．unwillinglyC．naturallyD．carelessly
171．A．in turnB．with careC．at randmD．in advance
172．A．all in allB．as a resultC．in n caseD．n the ther hand
173．A．cperativenessB．availabilityC．attackD．attractiveness
174．A．educatedB．pssessedC．mtivatedD．stimulated
175．A．ldB．yungC．middleD．late
176．A．creativelyB．frmallyC．cmpetitivelyD．scially
177．A．develpsB．decreasesC．changesD．disappears
178．A．invisibleB．abstractC．physicalD．imaginary
179．A．inferB．adaptC．absrbD．balance
180．A．realisticB．sharedC．specificD．ambitius
Passage 13
Students at an elementary schl in Califrnia, with the help f their art teacher, created a telephne htline that peple can call t get 181 advice frm kids during difficult times. In just days, the htline began getting thusands f calls an hur.
Jessica Martin, wh teaches art at West Side Schl in Healdsburg, Califrnia, 182 her students just might have the magic wrds needed t bring 183 t peple in these difficult times. “T hear the pure 184 frm kids is extremely cmfrting,” she says.
The prject was called “PepTc”. Actually, they called it “Pep Talk” (鼓励话语) first.. But when Ms. Martin’s 6-year-ld sn drew an advertisement fr the htline and 185 it “PepTc”, they 186 they liked that even better.
The htline is 187 in English and Spanish. It ffers the happy vices f 188 f different ages sharing psitive messages. Fr example, by pressing 3, yu can 189 a grup f kindergartners saying tgether, “Yu can d it! Keep trying! Dn’t give up!” Pressing 4 190 the sunds f children giggling and laughing—a sund certain t bring a 191 t anyne’s face. Pressing 1 192 ideas fr peple wh are “feeling mad, frustrated, r 193 ” Helpful suggestins include “punch yur pillw”, r “g get a ckie”. Pressing2 results in “wrds f 194 and life advice”. This includes messages like “The 195 is a better place with yu in it.”
181．A．reasnableB．rareC．mysteriusD．cheerful
182．A．thughtB．cmplainedC．declaredD．insisted
183．A．wealthB．attentinC．calmD．luck
184．A．cmmentB．jyC．praiseD．mind
185．A．prnuncedB．typedC．spelledD．drew
186．A．decidedB．learnedC．changedD．assumed
187．A．spkenB．memrableC．ppularD．available
188．A．callersB．childrenC．artistsD．peratrs
189．A．witnessB．suggestC．catchD．hear
190．A．generatesB．recrdsC．analyzesD．breaks
191．A．markB．wrinkleC．smileD．tear
192．A．brings upB．laughs atC．gives awayD．turn t
193．A．distractedB．cntentC．peacefulD．nervus
194．A．managementB．encuragementC．judgementD．argument
195．A．htlineB．wrldC．schlD．street
Passage 14
Mre than half the wrld’s ppulatin live in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that prprtin t reach 68%. This means mre hmes, rads and ther infrastructure. Such a cnstructin 196 des harm t tackling climate change, thugh, because making steel and cncrete generates arund 8% f the wrld’s carbn-dixide emissins. If cities are t 197 and becme greener at the same time, they will have t be made frm smething else.
As it happens, Chicag might becme part f the 198 . In recent years, as architects have becme increasingly interested in mdern timber (木材) — cnstructin methds, wden buildings have been getting steadily 199 . The current recrd is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjstarnet building in Nrway, cmpleted in 2019. But this wuld be 200 by the River Beech Twer, a 228-metre building prpsed fr a site beside the Chicag river.
As the AAAs meeting heard this week, wd is ne f the mst 201 sustainable alternatives t steel and cncrete. It is nt, hwever, everyday wd but a material called engineered timber, cmpsed f different layers fr specific purpses. Besides engineering the shape f a cmpnent, designers can arrange the grains (纹理) in the layers t prvide levels f 202 that equal steel, in a prduct that is up t 80% lighter. Engineered timber is, 203 , usually assembled int large sectins f a building in a factry. That cuts dwn n the number f 204 that have t be made t a cnstructin site.
All this 205 t carbn-dixide emissins. Michael Ramage f the University f Cambridge tld the meeting f a 300-square-metre fur-strey wden building that generated 126 tnnes f CO2. Had it been made with 206 , emissins wuld have risen t 310 tnnes. If steel had been used, they wuld have tpped 498 tnnes. Indeed, frm ne pint f view, this building might actually be viewed as “carbn 207 ”. When trees grw, they lck carbn up in their wd — in this case the equivalent f 540 tnnes f CO2, representing a lng-term reductin f CO2 frm the atmsphere.
If building with wd takes ff, it des raise cncern abut there being enugh trees t 208 . But with sustainably managed frests that shuld nt be a prblem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires abut 30 cubic metres f timber, and he estimates Eurpe’s sustainable 209 alne grw that amunt every seven secnds. Nr is fire a risk, fr engineered timber des nt burn easily, because the inner cres f large 210 timbers are prtected by a charring (炭化) layer if burnt.
196．A．prjectB．ambitinC．bmD．security
197．A．expandB．refrmC．cntractD．survive
198．A．rebelB．utcmeC．answerD．issue
199．A．greenerB．friendlierC．lighterD．taller
200．A．verbalancedB．vershadwedC．verlkedD．verstated
201．A．dmesticB．prmisingC．debatableD．artificial
202．A．beautyB．strengthC．frictinD．dimensin
203．A．neverthelessB．insteadC．mreverD．meanwhile
204．A．deliveriesB．checkutsC．purchasesD．payments
205．A．adds valueB．gives creditC．gives a bstD．makes a difference
206．A．cementB．timberC．cncreteD．synthetics
207．A．psitiveB．negativeC．friendlyD．resistant
208．A．g rundB．g awayC．g verD．g dwn
209．A．advcatesB．strategiesC．frestsD．farmers
210．A．impsingB．visibleC．universalD．structural
Passage 15
Children mdel themselves largely n their parents. They d s mainly thrugh identificatin. Children 211 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 212 f that parent. The things parents d and say—and the 213 they d and say t them—therefre strngly influence a child’s behavir. Therefre, parents must 214 behave like the type f persn they want their child t becme.
What’s mre, a parent’s actins can als 215 the self-image that a child frms thrugh identificatin. Children wh see mainly psitive qualities in their parents will likely learn t see themselves in a psitive way. Children wh bserve chiefly 216 qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing psitive qualities in themselves. Children may mdify their self-image, 217 , as they becme increasingly influenced by peers grups standards befre they reach 13.
A psitive attitude and self- image play an imprtant rle when children 218 smething unexpected. Islated events, even dramatic nes, d nt necessarily have a 219 effect n a child’s behavir. Children interact such events accrding t their established attitudes and 220 training. Children wh knw they are lved can, fr example, accept the 221 f their parents r a parent’s early death. But if children feel 222 , they may interpret such events as a sign f rejectin r 223 .
In the same way, all children are nt influenced 224 by tys and games, reading matter, and televisin prgrams. As in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins, the effect f an activity r experience depends n hw the child 225 it.
211．A．aplgize tB．apprve fC．attend tD．allw fr
212．A．thughtfulB．characteristicC．cnsciusD．cautius
213．A．timeB．placeC．wayD．extent
214．A．cnsistentlyB．barelyC．cnciselyD．riginally
215．A．respndB．imitateC．cnveyD．affect
216．A．psitiveB．cmplexC．negativeD．cncrete
217．A．hweverB．therefreC．anyhwD．therwise
218．A．turn dwnB．srt utC．stick withD．cme acrss
219．A．upliftingB．permanentC．tempraryD．distracting
220．A．intenseB．realisticC．previusD．educatinal
221．A．financeB．marriageC．assistanceD．divrce
222．A．islatedB．attendedC．unlvedD．stressed
223．A．punishmentB．discriminatinC．assessmentD．transfrmatin
224．A．evenB．alikeC．at allD．as a whle
225．A．interpretsB．anticipatesC．accmplishesD．maintains
Passage 16
What will yu d when yu are hungry? Of curse, anyne wuld g and grab smething t eat. And then, what determines the 226 f fd yu take in? Yu may nt be right if yur answer is the degree f hunger. The cnventinal cncept that 227 is the key factr is pen t challenge. In recent years, a grwing bdy f research has shwn that ur appetite and fd intake (摄入) are influenced by a large number f factrs besides ur 228 need fr energy. Sme f the factrs include ur eating 229 and ur perceptin f the fd in frnt f us.
Studies have shwn that 230 eating, fr instance, eating while watching TV, r a similar distractin, can increase bth hunger and fd cnsumptin. Even simple 231 clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shwn t affect cnsumptin.
A new study suggested that ur shrt-term 232 als may play a rle in appetite. Several hurs after a meal, peple’s hunger levels were predicted nt by hw much they’d eaten but rather by hw much fd they’d seen in frnt f them — 233 , hw much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests that the recall f ur previus meal may have a bigger influence n ur 234 than the actual size f the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrm, a prfessr f experimental psychlgy at the University f Bristl.
These findings agree with the earlier research that suggests ur perceptin f fd can smetimes 235 ur bdy’s respnse t the fd itself. In a 2011 study, fr instance, peple wh drank the same 380-calrie milkshake n tw 236 ccasins prduced different levels f hunger-related hrmnes (荷尔蒙), depending n whether the shake’s 237 said it cntained 620 r 140 calries. Mrever, the participants reprted feeling 238 when they thught they’d cnsumed a higher-calries shake.
What des this mean t ur eating habits? Althugh it hardly seems practical t cheat urselves int eating less, the new findings d highlight the benifit f fcusing n ur fd, aviding TV and multitasking while eating. The s-called mindful-eating strategies can fight against 239 while we are eating. By 240 mindful eating techniques, yu have the pprtunity t change yur current eating habits by becming mre self-aware and in tune t yur bdy’s hunger cues.
226．A．qualityB．amuntC．nutrientD．variety
227．A．deliciusnessB．hungerC．nutritinD．flavr
228．A．ccasinalB．ptentialC．externalD．bilgical
229．A．envirnmentB．cntentC．timeD．ability
230．A．habitualB．purpsefulC．unfcusedD．absrbed
231．A．ptinalB．visualC．hiddenD．flexible
232．A．vacancyB．hungerC．supplyD．memry
233．A．in ther wrdsB．as a whleC．by all meansD．all in all
234．A．mtiveB．grwthC．appetiteD．health
235．A．advcateB．trickC．justifyD．enhance
236．A．identicalB．alternativeC．dependentD．separate
237．A．labelB．functinC．usageD．material
238．A．wiserB．healthierC．happierD．fuller
239．A．distressB．wasteC．distractinD．fullness
240．A．emplyingB．perceivingC．clarifyingD．assuming
Passage 17
It is Nbel Prize week, the ne week every year when peple frm all crners f the glbe celebrate science, read abut ribsmes (核糖体), and give their best sht at trying t understand particle physics. It is als the ne week when science is guaranteed sme prime headline space n mainstream news utlets. And yet the science Nbels (in medicine, physics, and chemistry) present a(n) 241 view f science.
The prblem starts with the 242 f prize-winners selected every year. The rules gverning the Nbel Prize 243 it t just three winners in each categry. This means that fr every discvery that is awarded a Nbel, the majrity f cntributing scientists end up being 244 .
As a matter f fact, science has never been a(n) 245 effrt. Isaac Newtn std n the “shulders f giants”; Neil Armstrng’s “ne small step” was a dream realized by hundreds f thusands f engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive prcess where individuals draw n discveries made by thers t 246 advance the bundaries f human knwledge. Yes, Albert Einstein famusly wn the Nbel Prize all by himself fr a paper he alne authred, but he culd nt have made his discveries withut 247 wrk by Max Planck, James Maxwell, and several thers.
T make matters wrse, typical f the Nbel Prizes, nne f the 248 was a first authr n any f the publicatins cited by the prize annuncements. The first authr f a scientific paper is typically the persn wh did the hands-n labratry wrk, usually a graduate student r yung pst-dctral researcher. It is precisely these 249 researchers wh are in greater need f the Nbel Prize mney than their generally tenured (终身的) supervisrs.
Mre basically, awarding the prizes t nly three scientists spreads a visin f science as an individual enterprise. By ensuring that graduate students are nt given 250 recgnitin, the prizes reinfrce (加强) the mistaken image f a scientist as an ld white man in a lab cat. This can nly 251 gender and racial inequalities in science, especially further alng in an academic career.
Any ne f these reasns is sufficient t 252 the Nbel Prizes. Here is ne idea: Award the Nbel Prizes nt t 253 but fr discveries; dnate the prize mney t an internatinal science fund t prmte further explratin in each year’s prize-winning field f research.
A science-riented Nbel, rather than a scientist-riented ne, wuld educate the public in the mst imprtant scientific develpments and, 254 , stimulate new scientific prgress by using the prize mney t fund the next generatin f researchers. Science wrks best when the 255 f ne generatin f scientists are paid frward t drive the next t even greater heights. That is t say, scientists f different generatins wrk with jint effrts t supprt future scientific advancements fr the betterment f sciety as a whle.
241．A．strangeB．utdatedC．all-rundD．advanced
242．A．qualityB．diversityC．disciplineD．figure
243．A．restrictB．extendC．relateD．apply
244．A．emplyedB．ignredC．respectedD．nminated
245．A．terrificB．cnstantC．intellectualD．individual
246．A．naturallyB．rapidlyC．graduallyD．persnally
247．A．previusB．subsequentC．physicalD．cmmercial
248．A．emplyeesB．addresseesC．awardeesD．refugees
249．A．chief-psitinB．early-careerC．senir-managementD．academic-wrld
250．A．dueB．immediateC．literaryD．gvernmental
251．A．turn dwnB．level ffC．take awayD．step up
252．A．claimB．refrmC．presentD．annunce
253．A．rganizersB．researchersC．spnsrsD．supervisrs
254．A．in factB．in cmparisnC．in theryD．in turn
255．A．legendsB．spiritsC．achievementsD．mysteries
Passage 18
It’s lng been knwn that sugary drinks help peple pack n unwanted kilgrams. But new research suggests that 256 drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise yur risk fr sme cancers. The study culdn’t prve cause and effect, but it fund that drinking as little as 90-120ml f sugary drinks each day was 257 t an 18% rise in verall risk fr cancer.
The new study was led by Mathilde Tuvier, research directr at the University f Paris. Her team cllected data n mre than 100,000 French men and wmen, average age 42, wh tk part in a natinal 258 .
The participants answered questins abut hw much f 3,300 different fds and drinks they cnsumed each day, and were 259 fr up t nine years.
The study uncvered links between the cnsumptin f sugary drinks and the risk f cancer 260 , and fr breast cancer specifically. The investigatrs fund n assciatin between sugary drinks and prstate r cln cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authrs stressed that t few peple in the study develped these cancers t make this finding 261 . The research 262 n links between diet sdas (无糖汽水) and cancer, althugh mre study is needed t cnfirm that, the authrs nted.
The cnnectin between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team 263 fr age, sex, educatinal level, family histry f cancer, smking and physical activity, the researchers said.
S, why the 264 ? Accrding t Tuvier’s team, high-calrie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build bdy fat, in additin t raising bld sugar levels and inflammatin (发炎) — all f which are risk 265 fr cancer. It’s als pssible that chemicals fund in these drinks might play a part in 266 cancer risk, the researchers therized.
A grup representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part f the 267 diet, hwever. In a statement, the American Beverage Assciatin said: “It’s imprtant fr peple t knw that all drinks — either with sugar r withut — are 268 t cnsume as part f a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks cmpanies are wrking tgether t supprt cnsumers’ effrts t 269 the sugar they cnsume frm ur drinks by prviding mre chices with less sugar r zer sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calrie infrmatin right up frnt.”
Samantha Heller is a senir clinical nutritinist at NYU Langne Medical Center in New Yrk City. She said she wasn’t 270 by the findings. She nted that, fr decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the ther hand, “mst f us shuld be drinking mre water than we d,” Heller said.
256．A．icedB．mineralC．bttledD．sweetened
257．A．tiedB．devtedC．reducedD．limited
258．A．gameB．studyC．ceremnyD．examinatin
259．A．checkedB．cagedC．ccupiedD．fllwed
260．A．in generalB．withut exceptinC．n the cntraryD．by accident
261．A．unreliableB．unexpectedC．authritativeD．riginal
262．A．uncveredB．anticipatedC．establishedD．hid
263．A．huntedB．adjustedC．preparedD．munted
264．A．researchB．similarityC．cnnectinD．impact
265．A．behavirsB．assessmentsC．perceptinsD．factrs
266．A．explainingB．increasingC．preventingD．predicting
267．A．lcalB．nutritinalC．averageD．cnventinal
268．A．safeB．impssibleC．exceptinalD．effective
269．A．neutralizeB．digestC．remveD．reduce
270．A．annyedB．surprisedC．embarrassedD．delighted
Passage 19
Yu have t make a speech. Yu have dne yur research and nw have plenty f ideas buncing arund in yur head that yu want t get acrss. The big 271 yu face at this pint is hw t rganize thse thughts. Or perhaps yu are planning t write a paper, and all yu have is the main tpic. Yu need t brainstrm sme supprting ideas and then 272 hw thse ideas fit tgether.
These are just tw cases that many peple deal with 273 . Sme use utlining t flesh ut and 274 their ideas, but is that the best strategy? If everyne thught in a linear (线性的) manner, then the answer wuld be yes, but mst peple dn’t.
Enter mind mapping, a 275 that shws hw different ideas and facts relate t ne anther. This tw-dimensinal (二维的) 276 is designed t help yu remember infrmatin because its frmat is easy fr yur mind t 277 . Mind maps have prven t increase nt nly prductivity and 278 but als memry. Mre than 250 millin peple wrldwide use them, s why dn’t yu have a try and see what they are all abut?
What is a mind map? Simply put, it is ne’s ideas put int the frm f a 279 diagram that starts with a central idea. Put this idea in a bubble (气泡) in the middle f a page with lines radiating ut t ther bubbles that cntain related themes r cncepts. It shuld lk like a many-legged spider. Use wrds, shrt phrases r 280 t express yur ideas. These assciatins ften lead t ther ideas that can be added at the same level r in smaller branches where 281 . Use clr-cded bubbles fr a visual representatin f each branch’s 282 . Yu are nw mapping yur thughts and ideas in the way yur brain thinks.
Studies have shwn that this technique f using pictures, clrs and visual arrangement has imprved peple’s recall and memry f infrmatin by 10 t 15 percent. But it desn’t stp there. Creativity is arused because f the spatial arrangement, 283 peple t make mre links and assciatins n tpics f any kind. 284 , it increases ne’s prductivity because mind mapping makes it easier t learn faster while cmmunicating mre effectively.
S whether yu’re 285 a prject r writing a research paper, make this technique a cre part f yur planning prcess!
271．A．purpseB．changeC．questinD．prject
272．A．turn utB．take utC．give utD．figure ut
273．A．cnsequentlyB．frequentlyC．entirelyD．barely
274．A．rganizeB．expressC．shareD．spread
275．A．prcessB．fundatinC．techniqueD．result
276．A．ruteB．structureC．bjectiveD．directin
277．A．rememberB．cnfirmC．drawD．design
278．A．cnfidenceB．capacityC．efficiencyD．creativity
279．A．vividB．specialC．visualD．nrmal
280．A．imagesB．sentencesC．passagesD．languages
281．A．bviusB．apprpriateC．meaningfulD．empty
282．A．functinB．extensinC．cnnectinD．determinatin
283．A．encuragingB．enablingC．remindingD．infrming
284．A．AdditinallyB．SincerelyC．BrieflyD．Generally
285．A．in lve withB．in terms fC．in favur fD．in charge f
Passage 20
Fd-delivery firms are cming f age. Amng teens and millennials, rdering fd nline is as 286 a habit as bking a rm nline. Just hw 287 cnsumers are is clear frm financial dcuments by DrDash, America’s biggest fd-delivery cmpany. Frm January t September that year, it bked rders wrth $16 billin, up by 198% year n year.
The majrity f America’s 700,000 r s eateries nw 288 by means f a delivery app. Mdern life makes peple rely mre n cnvenience fd, as mre wmen wrk and everybdy is 289 time. In ding s, it has als changed ne f Silicn Valley’s mst criticized business mdels.
Restaurants entered the digital wrld tw decades ag when Takeaway.cm in Eurpe and Grubhub in America put menus 290 . Restaurants delivered the fd themselves and the middlemen were reliably prfitable. 291 , the new “third-party lgistics” firms like DrDash and Uber Eats have t share the bills, which average arund $30, three ways. Once drivers and restaurants take their 292 , nt much is left.
Until recently nne f these startup firms made 293 , even in emerging markets where labur csts are far lwer. Lack f bvius ecnmies f scale r barriers t entry meant several cmpetitrs were fighting ver market share by ffering diners 294 discunts — and bleeding red ink in the prcess. They als faced the prspect f a sharp 295 in labur csts, as Califrnia passed a law that required cmpanies t treat app-based wrkers as full emplyees.
296 , the American firm’s numbers cntained plenty t chew n. DrDash is generating cash and is prfitable n an adjusted basis. Its in-app ads business ffers juicy margins. The cmpany sees itself as the digital hub fr the cnvenience ecnmy, cnnecting merchants, custmers and riders; the wrd “platfrm” arse 646 times in its filing. It has even started delivering grceries and cnvenience-stre items and selling last-mile 297 t ther cmpanies. Lking ahead, high unemplyment amid a cntinuing ecnmic dwnturn shuld mean lts f cheap labur.
Other facts are 298 t swallw. DrDash warns that grwth will slw as mre peple are ging back t wrk after the virus declined. The share prices f many listed digital firms that benefited frm lckdwns and self-islating cnsumers 299 n the news f an effective vaccine (疫苗). And despite their critics’ defeat in Califrnia, gig firms (招临工的公司) will cntinue t face accusatins f 300 their wrkers. In this respect, DrDash has already jined the club f listed tech platfrms.
286．A．establishedB．cautiusC．curiusD．annying
287．A．aim-rientedB．addictedC．excitedD．well-infrmed
288．A．cllectB．relayC．frecastD．distribute
289．A．friendly tB．experienced inC．shrt fD．respnsible fr
290．A．utsideB．rightC．nlineD．free
291．A．By cntrastB．Fr instanceC．T sum upD．In turn
292．A．edgeB．rleC．cutD．price
293．A．mneyB．callsC．cmplaintsD．mvement
294．A．tradeB．generusC．meanD．cash
295．A．breakB．divisinC．blwD．rise
296．A．MreverB．TherefreC．HweverD．Cnsequently
297．A．advertisingB．deliveryC．insuranceD．prductivity
298．A．harderB．quickerC．easierD．slwer
299．A．dubledB．lastC．muntedD．fell
300．A．taking advantage f B．ging alng withC．lking ut f
D．putting up with