人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后复习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后复习题，共8页。

①... n 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t enter space.······1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。（不定式短语t enter space作定语，修饰 the first persn）［P40］
②Hwever, while such disasters brught much sadness and disappintment, the desire t explre the universe did nt die.然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了很多悲伤和沮丧，但对探索宇宙的渴望没有消失。（不定式短语 t explre the universe 作后置定语，修饰 desire）［P41］
不定式作定语一般情况下置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。
①主谓关系
被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者。
He's always the first persn f the team t put frward the slutin t the prblem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题的解决方案的人。
2动宾关系
被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者。
She lked fr sme interesting nvels t read.她找了一些有趣的小说来读。
特别注意
当“不及物动词的不定式＋介词”作定语时，该短语与其所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，此处的介词不可省略。
He can find n ne t talk with.他找不到可以交谈的人。
③部分抽象名词后常接不定式作后置定语。常见的该类名词有：time、way（方法）、chance、pprtunity、ability、ambitin、attempt、curage、effrt、decisin、failure、plan、desire等。
The vluntary service gives yu a chance t change lives，including yur wn.志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括（改变）你自己的生活。
Yu shuld grasp the ability t slve the cmplex prblems.你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
④当被修饰词是the first、the secnd、the last、the nly、the best或被这些词修饰时，常接不定式作后置定语。
He＇d always be the first t ffer t help.他总是第一个愿意帮忙的人。
Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree.四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国女性。［2023全国乙］
5不定式常在there be句式中作定语，修饰主语。
There are many interesting things t see there.那里有许多有趣的东西可以看。
⑥动词不定式作后置定语可以表示“动作将要发生”的含义。
The airprt t be cmpleted next year will help prmte turism in this area.明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。
重点2
动词不定式作状语
教材原句
①Space explratin has cme a lng way, and we nw hpe t discver ther planets that are suitable enugh t supprt life.太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，我们现在希望能发现其他适合生命生存的行星。（动词不定式短语 t supprt life 作结果状语）[P40]
② Tday, scientists design vehicles t carry astrnauts int space t make imprtant discveries.
今天，科学家们设计将航天员送入太空的飞行器，以作出重要的发现。（动词不定式短语t make imprtant discveries 作目的状语）[P40]
①作目的状语，相当于 in rder t d／s as t d（s as t d 不能放在句首）
In rder t/T finish the task ahead f schedule,the bss meant t emply anther three wrkers.为了提前完成任务，这位老极打算再招三个工人。
Yu shuld learn frm past mistakes s as t/in rder t/t avid falling int the same ld trap again.你应该从过去的错误中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。
作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：
（1）s．．．as t d／such＋n．．．．as t d 太······以至于
He was driving s fast as t get himself int a dangerus situatin where he was likely t lse cntrl ver his car.他开得太快了以至于使自己陷入危险境地，很可能让汽车失控。
He is such a fl as t believe them.他太傻了以至于相信了他们。
（2）表示出乎意料的结果，常与nly、never等连用。
Hearing the by's cry, the farmers rushed uphill t help，nly t be tld it was a jke.听到男孩的哭声，这群农民冲上山去帮忙，却被告知这是一个玩笑。
She went abrad never t return.她出国了，再也没回来。
（3）t．．．t d 太·······以至于不能
When questined by the media, he was t nervus t say anything.面对媒体的提问，他紧张得说不出话来。
（4）．．．enugh t d 足够······做某事
The girl was lucky enugh t get a train ticket.这个女孩足够幸运，抢到了一张火车票。
作原因状语
sb+be+adj.+t dd”结构中，动词不定式作原因状语，形容词通常是angry、delighted、excited、glad、pleased、srry、surprised 等表示情绪的词。
He was srry t have dne her harm.他很抱歉伤害了她。
课时检测（红色部分为答案）
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He came t shw(shw) me his new science bk.
2. Our English teacher has many ways t make(make) her class interesting.
3. The dctrs are busy ding what they can t save (save) the dying man.
4. The ld man was t angry t say(say) a wrd.
5. He gt up early t catch(catch) the bus.
6. He hurried t the statin t see Tm ff, nly t find (find) he had already left.
7. He has a lt f wrk t d(d) every weekend.
8. They are lking fr a rm t live(live) in.
9. I have n chance t g (g) sightseeing with s much wrk t d.
10. He put his phts n it fr everyne t lk (lk) at.
Ⅱ. 根据提示完成句子
1. He is the teacher t teach us English next term.
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2. I have nthing t say n this questin.
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3. The whle family went t beach t spend their weekend.
全家人去海滩度周末。
4. We shall be very happy t cperate with yu in the prject.
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
5. The next plane t arrive is frm New Yrk.
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6. He is always the first t cme t and last t leave the ffice.
他总是第一个到办公室, 最后一个离开。
7. There are enugh chairs fr the guests t sit n.
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
8. We are delighted t knw that yu’re ging t visit us next mnth.
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
9. The tea is t ht t drink.
这茶太热了, 不能喝。
10. He lifted a rck nly t drp it n his wn feet.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
I nce fund that helping smene culd get yu int a lt f truble.
I was in the 1. ________(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl 2. ________(sit) next t me whispered smething, but I didn’t understand. Finally I fund that she was trying t ask me 3. ________I had an extra pen. She shwed me that 4. ________(her) was ut f ink and wuld nt write. I happened t have an extra ne, s I put it n her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher 5. ________(ask) me t stay in the rm when all the ther students were dismissed. As sn as we were alne she began t talk t me abut hw imprtant it was 6. ________(stand) n my wn tw 7. ________(ft) and be respnsible fr my wn acts. Fr a lng time, she talked abut hnesty and emphasized the fact that 8. ________peple d smething dishnest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me prmise that I wuld think 9. ________(serius) abut all the things she had said, and then she tld me I culd leave. I walked ut f the rm wndering why she had chsen t talk t me
10. ________all thse things.
Later n, I fund ut that she thught I had cheated in the test.
【文章大意】考试中一同学向我借笔, 老师误以为考试作弊对我进行了教育。
1. 【解析】ninth。考查序数词。此处指“九年级”, 定冠词the修饰序数词, 故填ninth。
2. 【解析】sitting。考查现在分词。句中谓语是whispered, 现在分词作定语指坐在我旁边的女孩, 故填sitting。
3. 【解析】if/whether。考查宾语从句。句意: 我发现她问我是否有多余的笔。根据动词ask和语境可知填“是否”if/whether。
4. 【解析】hers。考查代词。此处指“她的笔”, 相当于her pen, 应用名词性物主代词, 故填hers。
5. 【解析】asked。考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去发生的事, 谓语动词用一般过去时。故填asked。
6. 【解析】t stand。考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语。故填t stand。
7. 【解析】feet。考查名词复数。此处由tw修饰, 即指“两只脚”, 应用ft的复数形式。故填feet。
8. 【解析】when。考查连词。分析句意可知, 当人们做一些不诚实的事情时, 他们实际上是在欺骗自己。故填when。
9. 【解析】seriusly。考查副词。此处修饰动词think要用副词, 指“认真地想”。故填seriusly。
10. 【解析】abut。考查介词。分析句意可知, 我不知道为什么老师和我谈论这么多关于作弊的事情。故填abut。
Ⅳ.语法主题运用
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想, 请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang: I 1. am delighted t knw (很高兴得知)yu are interested in the space explratin.
Li: Indeed, I’d like t be an astrnaut in the future.
Zhang: Sunds gd. 2. T becme an astrnaut(要想成为一名宇航员), yu need t satisfy the requirements f a qualified astrnaut.
Li: Yes. First f all, I shuld study hard 3. t get a related cllege degree(为了得到一个相关的大学学位). Besides, I must take exercise every day 4. t keep healthy(来保持健康).
Zhang: Exactly. Have yu heard Yang Liwei, wh is the first man in China 5. t g int space (进入太空), went thrugh lts f mental and physical training.
Li: Of curse. He is really a her. He realized ur dream 6. t explre space(探索太空).