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高中英语Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots优秀学案
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这是一份高中英语Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots优秀学案，共28页。
Sectin Ⅱ Lessn 1
1．Discussin—Lk at the fllwing pictures and discuss what is happening in each picture.And what shuld we d?
a．Water__is__being__wasted.
b．The__by__drps__litter__casually.
c．The__garbage__is__classified__int__different__srts.
2．Predictin—Lk at the pictures and the title and predict what the text is prbably abut.
The__text__is__mainly__abut__the__infrmatin__abut__an__institute__called__Rts__&__Shts.
1．First reading—Read the text and then fill in the frm belw.
2.Secnd reading—Read the text carefully again and match the main idea f each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) A．The meaning f its name.
Part 2 (Para.2)B．What is“ Just－me－ism”？
Part 3 (Paras.3～4) C．The establishment f Rts & Shts.
答案 Part 1 B Part 2 C Part 3 A
3．Third reading—Read the text carefully again and chse the best answer.
(1)What is nt“ Just－me－ism”？
A．Leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth.
B．Leave a light burning when yu g ut.
C．Drp a piece f litter and can’t be bthered t pick it up.
D．Turn ff the light when yu g ut.
(2)When was Rts & Shts established?
A．In the early 1980s.B．In the late 1980s.
C．In the early 1990s.D．In the late 1990s.
(3) Wh is Jane Gdall?
A．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild chimpanzees.
B．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild mnkeys.
C．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild tigers.
D．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild wlves.
(4)What’s the purpse f Rts & Shts?
A．T educate ld peple.
B．T educate yung peple.
C．T educate middle－aged peple.
D．T educate children.
(5) What can we learn frm the text?
A．Every individual desn’t matter.
B．Every individual can make a difference t the wrld.
C．Only a few peple suffer frm“Just－me－ism”．
D．Peple can’t live tgether in peace with nature.
答案 (1)D (2)C (3)A (4)B (5)B
1．Pair wrk：What techniques des the writer use t make her view lgical and cnvincing?
The__answer__is__pen.
2．Grup wrk：Prepare a presentatin t intrduce Rts & Shts with the fllwing tips.Then give yur presentatin.
·when and where it was established
·the meaning f its name
·the cntributin it makes t sciety
The__answer__is__pen.
绿色生活方式
1．nt t leave the tap running
2．nt t leave the huse with lights burning
3．nt t use plastic bags
4．t pick up the litter
5．t ride bikes fr shrt jurneys
6．t plant mre trees
7．t be a vlunteer in the envirnmental rganizatin
8．t use less tissue paper
如何猜测生词含义
1．By using cntext clues.
2．By analyzing wrd－frmatin.
3．By using grammar clues.
4．By using punctuatin clues.
语言现象感知
Ⅰ.单词理解
体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义
1．The whle purpse f Rts & Shts is t educate yung peple, frm pre－schlers t university students, s they can help t build a future that is secure and live tgether in peace with nature.adj.安全的；无危险的
2．The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen walls t reach the light.n.基础；地基__n．芽；苗
3．D yu think yu help t make the wrld a better place when yu cause a sad persn t smile...？vt.引起；使发生
4．One cheered－up persn, ne happy dg, ne flwering plant, and yu.adj.开花的
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
1．leave the tap running让水龙头开着
2．drp a piece f litter扔一片垃圾
3．s what那又怎样
4．say t neself自言自语；心里想
5．in the early 1990s在20世纪90年代初
6．live tgether in peace with nature与自然和平相处
7．make a firm fundatin夯实基础
8．make it a better place t live in让它成为更好的居住地
Ⅲ.句式欣赏
1．that引导宾语从句；but引导并列句
Yu knw that all thse things are wrng, but s what?
2．because引导原因状语从句；but引导并列句
The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen walls t reach the light.
3．第一个that 引导宾语从句；第二个that 引导表语从句
Dr.Jane Gdall believes that the mst imprtant thing is that：“ Every individual matters.Every individual has a rle t play.Every individual makes a difference.”
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
1．The trees send ut new shts(芽)in spring.
2．He majrs in engine technlgy in this institute(研究院)．
3．A letter f credit will invlve(包含)unnecessary extra charges.
4．Because f their pleasant persnality, they had sn frmed a firm(坚实的) friendship.
5．This pht shws hw the rts(rt)f plants g deeply int the sil.
6．It is a small matter; dn’t get s ht and bthered__(bther)．
7．Freezing winter is __harmful (harm) t range trees.
8．Best friends are the fundatin (fund) f my life.
Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
1．All f us have t take__actin(采取行动)t prtect ur living envirnment.
2．Thrugh English, we knw abut what happened all__arund__the__wrld(全世界)．
3．If yu can’t be__bthered__t(没兴趣做)d that, yu can’t be bthered t pay attentin.
4．We’re sure yu’ll be__knwn__as(作为……而出名) an artist.
5．In__additin__t(除……之外)giving me sme advice, he gave me sme mney.
6．I want t d what I can t __make__a__difference(起作用)．
7．China is__cmmitted__t(致力于)uphlding wrld peace.
8．His speech inspired__me__t(激励我)wrk harder than ever befre.
Ⅲ.句式语境仿写
1．Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “ Just－me－ism”．
大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。
[仿写] 他们已经做了他们能做的一切去帮助她。
They’ve dne what__they__can t help her.
2． yu leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth...
比如说你刷牙的时候水龙头一直开着……
[仿写] 她听着收音机睡着了。
While__(she__was)__listening__t__the__radi,__she fell asleep.
3．Hundreds and thusands f rts and shts can slve the prblems, change the wrld and make it a better place t live in.
千千万万的“根与芽”可以解决问题，改变世界，让世界变得更适宜居住。
[仿写] 我们想让李华当班长。
We want t make__Li__Hua__ur__mnitr．
记单词
Ⅰ.一言串记多义词
New shts appeared n the bush, s he wanted t d a sht fr his girlfriend near the bush.At the same time, a hunter aimed at the animal near the bush but did nt sht.
灌木丛长出了新枝。所以他想在灌木丛附近为他的女朋友拍一张照片。与此同时，一个猎人瞄准了灌木丛附近的动物，但没有开枪。
Ⅱ.词缀助记派生词
1．名词后缀： －tin
fund (v.)→fundatin (n.)
imagine (v.)→imaginatin (n.)
2．形容词后缀：－ed, －ful
invlve(v.)→invlved (adj.)
bther (v.)→bthered (adj.)
harm (v.)→harmful (adj.)
dubt (v.)→ dubtful (adj.)
句型公式
1．what引导宾语从句
2．while作连词，意为当……时候，引导时间状语从句
3．“ make＋宾语＋宾补” 结构
1.sht n．芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v．射击；射中；拍摄；飞驰
Rts & Shts(教材P31)根与芽
[合作探究] 体会sht的用法和意义
Tw weeks after we’d planted the seeds, little green shts started t appear.
我们播种后两周，绿色的小嫩芽就开始长出了。
The hunter tk a sht at the deer in the distance.
猎手向远处的那头鹿开了枪。
The new sldier sht at the target, but missed it again.
这个新兵向靶子射击，但又没有射中。
[自主发现]
①take a sht at 朝……射击
②sht at 朝……射击；向……开枪
[巩固内化]
(1)写出下列句中sht的含义
①He sht the arrw frm the bw(弓)．射击
②The mvie was sht in black and white.拍摄
③The by sht alng the street n his bike.飞驰
(2)一句多译
④刚才，那位猎人朝一头野猪射击，但是没有射中。
Just nw, the hunter tk__a__sht__at a wild pig, but missed it.
＝Just nw, the hunter sht__at__a wild pig, but missed it.
2.invlve vt.参与；包含 invlved adj.有关的；卷入的
It is by acting tgether, in this exciting way, that we can invlve thusands－millins－f peple, and this is what is ging t change the wrld.(教材P31)
正是通过共同行动，以这种令人兴奋的方式，我们可以让成千上万的人参与进来，这将改变世界。
[合作探究] 体会invlve的用法和意义
Dn’t invlve me in yur quarrel！不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！
He was invlved in reading the nvel all mrning.他整个早上都在专心读小说。
Nbdy in my life really wants t be invlved with me.
在我的生命中，没有一个人真正想融入我的生活。
[自主发现]
①invlve sb in sth把某人卷入某事中
②be invlved in ding sth 专心做某事
③be invlved with sb 涉及；与……有关联,[巩固内化]
单句语法填空
①He was invlved in wrking ut a plan.
②S why d yu cntinue t be invlved with these peple?
③Dn’t invlve me in slving (slve) yur prblem.
1.nt be bthered t d sth懒得做某事
Drp a piece f litter and can’t be bthered t pick it up.(教材P30)
扔一片垃圾然后懒得去捡。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
bther t d sth 费心做某事
(nt) bther ding sth 麻烦做某事/懒得做某事
bther sb with/abut sth 用某事麻烦某人
①Dn’t bther t get dinner fr me.请不必费事为我做饭了。
②I’m srry that I have t bther yu with/abut this prblem.
对不起，我要用这个问题来麻烦你了。
[巩固内化]
完成句子
①He can’t__be__bthered__t__say hell.他连打声招呼都不肯。
②Dn’t bther__him__with/abut it nw; he’s very busy.现在不要拿这个去打扰他，他很忙。
③Yu needn’t__bther__t cme up.
你不必费心来了。
2.take actin采取行动
T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts was established.(教材P31)为了能让年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动，(他们)成立了“根与芽”。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
take steps/measures 采取措施
take a risk 冒风险
take a chance 碰运气
take effect 生效；起作用
take advantage f 利用
①They tk a risk in driving n, in spite f the strm.
尽管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
②The new law takes effect frm tmrrw.新法律从明天起生效。
③We shuld take measures/steps t keep air and water clean.
我们应该采取措施保持空气和水的清洁。,[巩固内化]
完成句子
①I usually take__advantage__f__every__pprtunity t practise my spken English.我经常利用一切机会练习英语口语。
②Shall we take__a__risk r play it safe?
我们是该冒险呢还是稳妥行事？
③The ban is t take__effect__in six mnths.该禁令六个月后生效。
1.Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “ Just－me－ism”．(教材P31)大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。
[句式解读] 句中what is knwn as “ Just－me－ism”为what引导的宾语从句。
[用法总结]
(1)what常用来引导名词性从句， 即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句， 从句用陈述语序。
(2)what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语或表语。
①What he said at the meeting astnished everybdy present.
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(主语从句)
②Will yu shw me what yu bught?
可以把你买的东西给我看一下吗？ (宾语从句)
③Mary is n lnger what she was ten years ag.
玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。(表语从句)
④I have n idea what we shuld d next.
我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(同位语从句)
[名师提醒] that引导名词性从句时，that 在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用，一般不可省略(宾语从句除外)。
⑤That ur team wn the game made us very happy.
我们队赢得了比赛，这使我们很开心。(主语从句),[巩固内化]
单句语法填空
①Befre the sales start, I make a list f what my kids will need fr the cming seasn.
②What parents say and d has a life－lng effect n their children.
③There is n evidence that there is life n any ther planet in the slar system.
④The yung girl was t frightened t speak, standing there fr what__seemed like hurs.
⑤The by believes that he will travel thrugh space t ther planets.
yu leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth...(教材P31)
比如说你刷牙的时候水龙头一直开着……
[句式解读] 句中while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
[用法总结]
(1)“当……的时候”，表示时间，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语用延续性动词。
①She was cking while she was keeping an eye n her baby sleeping in the cradle.她一边做饭，一边留意睡在摇篮里的婴儿。
(2)“只要”，表示条件，引导条件状语从句。
②While there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
(3)“但是；可是”，表示对比，连接两个并列句。
③The by is gd at maths while his sister is gd at Chinese.
那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文。
(4)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句。
④While he lves his students，he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。,[巩固内化] 完成句子
①While__they__are__my__neighburs,__I d nt knw them well.
尽管他们是我的邻居，我对他们了解得并不多。
②While__there__is__life there is hpe.
只要生命存在，就有希望。
③Yu like sprts while__I__like__reading．
你喜欢运动而我喜欢读书。
④While__his__mther__was__cking__in__the__kitchen，the by fell asleep in the chair.当他妈妈在厨房做饭时，男孩在椅子上睡着了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Mst peple suffer frm 1.what is knwn as “Just－me－ism” smetimes.As a result, they think their actins, fr example, leaving the tap 2.running (run) while they brush their teeth, leaving a light burning when they g ut r drpping a piece f litter and can’t be bthered 3.t__pick (pick) it up, wn’t be harmful 4.t the envirnment r their cmmunity.But, in fact, they will and they culd matter.Rts & Shts was established in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Gdall, wh’s well－knwn 5.as__an expert n wild chimpanzees.Its purpse is 6.t__educate (educate) yung peple t build a future that is secure and live tgether in peace 7.with nature.The idea is that if yu educate enugh individuals, they can change the wrld and make it a 8.better (gd) place fr peple, animals and the envirnment because as Dr.Jane Gdall says：“ It is by 9.__acting (act) tgether, in this exciting way, 10.that we can invlve thusands－millins－f peple, and this is what is ging t change the wrld.”
Ⅱ.根据提示完成课堂小作文
迈克年轻时梦想成为一名动物研究员。他想研究涉及 (invlve) 为什么狗喜欢摇尾巴 (wag) 或者黑猩猩 (chimpanzee) 的大脑结构的课题。因此，他准备让工人们采取行动 (take actin)，用坚固的 (firm) 砖块 (brick) 作为基础 (fundatin)，建造一个动物研究所 (institute)。然而，有一天，他发现有害的建筑废水污染了庄稼的根 (rt) 和芽 (sht)。迈克不是一个以自我为中心的 (just－me－ism)人，所以他不再费心 (be bthered t d) 去建造这个研究所了。虽然他放弃了自己的梦想，但他把环保的意义传遍了全世界 (all arund the wrld)。
,__ne__day__he__fund__the__harmful__wasted__water__frm__cnstructin__plluted__the__rts__and__shts__f__the__crps.Mike__wasn’t__“Just－me－ism”，s__he__wasn’t__bthered__t__set__up__the__institute.Althugh__he__gave__up__his__dream，he__spread__the__significance__f__envirnmental__prtectin__all__arund__the__wrld.
动词－ing和－ed形式
[合作探究] 画出下列句子中的 “动词－ing形式和动词－ed形式” 结构，并指出其所作的句子成分。
示例：A yung man writing nvels came t speak t us yesterday.(定语)
①The experiment was an amazing success.(定语)
②Li Ming’s hbby is cllecting stamps.(表语)
③When I walked int the ffice, I saw a girl using my cmputer.(宾语补足语)
④He cmes hme late every evening, making his wife very angry.(状语)
⑤The Olympic Games, first played in 776 BC, did nt include wmen players until 1912.(状语)
⑥What’s the language spken in that area？(定语)
⑦We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.(表语)
⑧She fund her necklace gne n her way hme.(宾语补足语)
[自主发现1]
(1)动词－ing形式可以在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
(2)动词－ed形式可以在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
一、动词－ing形式
1．作定语
[合作探究]
N ne is allwed t speak alud in the reading rm.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
A little child learning(＝ wh is learning) t walk ften falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
There are many students waiting (＝ wh are waiting) t get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
[自主发现2]
(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于fr引导的介词短语。
(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
2．作状语
[合作探究]
Hearing the nise, I turned arund.
＝When I heard the nise, I turned arund.听到响声我转过身去。
Being pr, he culdn’t affrd a TV set.
＝Because he was pr, he culdn’t affrd a TV set.
由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。
Wrking hard, yu’ll certainly succeed.
＝If yu wrk hard, yu’ll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
The fire lasted a whle night, causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。
Mary sat by the windw f the classrm，reading a bk.
＝Mary sat by the windw f the classrm and was reading a bk.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。
[自主发现3]
现在分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以变为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以变为相应的状语从句。
[名师提醒]
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果；而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用nly t d结构。
He was caught in the rain, making himself catch a cld.被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried t schl，nly t find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
3．作宾语补足语
[合作探究]
I saw a small girl standing in frnt f a fishbwl.
我看到一个小女孩站在鱼缸前。
I saw that thief getting n the train.我看见那个贼正在上火车。
I saw the thief get n the train and disappear.
我看见那个贼上了火车，消失不见了。
I culdn’t d my hmewrk with the nise ging n.
在持续的噪音下我无法完成作业。
[自主发现4]
(1)现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系。
(2)feel，find，hear，ntice，bserve，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带t的不定式作宾语补足语。现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带t的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成。
4．作表语
[合作探究]
The result f the game was disappinting.比赛结果令人失望。
His life stry sunds very mving.他的人生故事听起来很感人。
What I am tired f is waiting here alne.我厌烦独自在这里等。
My hbby is cllecting stamps.我的爱好就是集邮。
[自主发现5]
作表语的动词－ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
二、动词－ed形式
1．作定语
[合作探究]
The brken vase has been thrwn utside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。
I brrwed a bk written (＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain frm the library.我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
[自主发现6]
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
[名师提醒]
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如：
biled water＝water that has biled开(过的)水
the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶
a develped cuntry＝a cuntry which has develped发达国家
2．作宾语补足语
When I came in, I fund a strange girl seated in the crner.
我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
I want the letter psted.我想把这封信寄出去。
She fund her necklace gne n her way hme.
在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。
[自主发现7]
(1)及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
(2)少数不及物动词如 g, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。
3．作表语
[合作探究]
The dr remained lcked.门仍然锁着。
Later they fund that they were lst.后来他们发现他们迷路了。
We were amazed at the beauty f the lake.这个湖泊的美使我们大为惊奇。
[自主发现8]
(1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，lk，becme等。
(2)有些过去分词作表语时，已经具备了形容词的性质。
4．作状语
[合作探究]
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(原因状语)
Grwn in rich sil，these seeds can grw fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(条件状语)
Asked abut the matter, she kept silent.
当被问及那个问题时，她默不作声。(时间状语)
The ld man walked int the rm，supprted by his sn.
这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(方式状语)
He walked slwly in the frest，fllwed by a dg.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)
[自主发现9]
(1)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。
(2)过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首。
动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
动词－ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示被动和完成，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
[巩固内化1]
单句语法填空/同义句转换
①China is a develping (develp) cuntry belnging (belng) t the third wrld.
②Ladies and gentlemen, please g and wait in the meeting (meet) rm.
③That must have been a terrifying__(terrify) experience.
④The girl wh was sitting next t me was my cusin.
→ The girl __sitting__next__t__me was my cusin.
[巩固内化2] 完成句子
①Being__sleepy,__the by culdn’t fcus n his study.
因为很困，这个男孩不能把注意力集中在学习上。
②Speaking__in__English__every__day,__yu will master this language step by step.
每天都用英语说话，你会一步一步掌握这门语言。
③I stared at the dark sky thinking__abut where I wuld belng.
凝望着漆黑的夜空，我心里思索着路在何方。
④He arrives at schl very late every day, making__his__teacher__very__angry．
他每天都很晚到达学校，这让他的老师很生气。
⑤Walking__in__the__street,__I saw him.
当我在街上走时，我看到他了。
[巩固内化3] 完成句子
①He saw her wrking__in__the__garden．
他看见她正在花园里干活。
②I culd feel the wind blwing n my face.
我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。
③He saw her enter__the__rm．
他看见她走进屋子。
④With s many peple lking__at her, she felt nervus.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[巩固内化4] 完成句子
①What he said was encuraging．
他说的话鼓舞人心。
②Her letter was tuching．
她的信很感人。
③The news was exciting．
这消息令人兴奋。
④My jb is teaching．
我的工作是教书。
[巩固内化5] 单词语法填空
①Did yu accept the invitatin given (give) by the tur guide?
②Mst f the artists invited (invite) t the party were frm Suth Africa.
③The speaker answered all the questins raised (raise) by the audience.
④Yu shuld imprve yur spken (speak) English.
[巩固内化6] 完成句子
①I saw an ld man kncked__dwn__ by a car just nw.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
②I’ll __have__my__hair__cut tmrrw.
明天我要理发。
③I heard the sng sung__in__English．
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
④Dn’t leave__thse__things__undne．要把那些事情做完。
[巩固内化7] 单句语法填空
①She was surprised (surprise) t find the fridge empty.
②She lked tired (tire) with cking.
③They were delighted (delight) t hear the delighting news.
④The bkstre is nw clsed(clse)．
[巩固内化8] 完成句子
①Encuraged__by__the__prgress he has made, he wrks harder.
由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，他更努力工作了。
②Seen__frm__the__tp__f__the__hill,__the city lks mre beautiful t us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。
③Given__anther__hur,__I can als wrk ut this prblem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
④Written__in__a__hurry__,__this article was nt s gd!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
⑤He std there silently, mved__t__tears．
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The muntain trip was __tiring,__s the guide felt tired．(tire)
2．The peple waiting__(wait) fr the bus are talking with each ther.
3．The little by still needed the remaining 20 dllars t d with the things remaining t be settled.(remain)
4．Lst__(lse) in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
5．On the bank f the river，we fund him lying (lie)n a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) n a kite in the sky.
6．Unless yu have planted smething, yu wn’t be able t knw the pleasure f watching the thing yu have planted grwing (grw)．
7．While walking (walk) alng the street, I heard my name called (call)．
8．Shcked (shck) at the terrible wrking cnditins, we decided t quit the jb.
9．Jhn rushed ut in a hurry，leaving (leave) the dr unlcked (unlck)．
10．The stry was s mving that he was mved t tears.(mve)
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．One f his weaknesses is telling__lies．
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
2．The by studying__in__the__classrm is ur mnitr.
在教室里学习的男孩是我们的班长。
3．Dn’t have__the__students__studying__ all day.
不要让学生整天学习。
4．Hearing__the__news,__he culdn’t help laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
5．Althugh warned__f__danger,__turists can’t help taking phts near the river.尽管被警告有危险，但是游客还是忍不住在河边拍照片。
6．When I came in, I saw him sitting in the sfa __lst__in__thught．当我进来时，我看到他坐在沙发上陷入了深思。
7．The children are__really__excited__abut ging t the z.
要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
8．In autumn there are many fallen__leaves n the grund.
秋天地上有许多落叶。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Bamb shts(芽)grw frm arund the rts.
2．Ann caught her ft n a tree rt(树根)and fell ver.
3．I just can’t be bthered(被打扰的)t lk after the huse.
4．We must limit urselves t ne galln (加仑) f water per day.
5．She is studying in an art institute(研究院)．
6．We must maintain a firm(坚定的)attitude.
7．He laid the fundatin(基础)f his success by study and hard wrk.
8．He was hurt by a falling brick(砖)．
9．If she were invlved(参与)in business, she wuld make a strng chief executive.
10．The dg wagged(摇)its tail in expectatin f a bne.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The questin is why he bthered t__make (make) the speech at all.
2．Plluted air and water are harmful t peple’ s health.
3．Thank yu fr being firm with__me while I went thrugh my rebellin(逆反)stage.
4．All the peple invlved (invlve) in this case must be present.
5．I patted the dg and she wagged (wag) her tail.
6．It sells flwers frm all arund the wrld.
7．He drinks what is left in his glass as if it were water.
8．The strange nise made the little girl frightened__(frighten)．
9．I vlunteer because I want t nt just see the wrld, but make a difference in it.
10．What he said suggested that he was lying.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Clver, a three－year－ld spirit bear, lives at the B．C.Wildlife Park near Kamlps, British Clumbia, Canada.He lst his parents tw years ag and was raised at a wildlife center.When he was set free int the wild, he brke int human camps lking fr fd.Wildlife experts (专家) tried t get him used t living n his wn, but he cntinued t lk fr places where there were peple.Finally the experts decided that he culd nt live in the wild.Since then, a ttal f $750，000 has been cllected t create a habitat fr Clver.
The habitat cvers abut three acres (英亩) f land and includes natural frest, tw pnds cnnected by a small river and smething else.It will add a platfrm and a walkway later this year s that peple can see Clver and his habitat mre clsely.There will als be a center where peple can learn mre abut spirit bears.Besides, a black bear will be mved int the habitat s Clver will nt feel lnely.
Spirit bears are als called Kermde bears after Francis Kermde, wh first studied them.Kermde discvered that a small number f black bears carry a gene (基因) fr white fur.If a baby bear receives ne f these genes frm each parent, its fur will be a creamy white clr.There are abut 1，200 bears wh carry the gene fr white fur, but nly abut 200 white Kermde bears in the wrld.Kermde bears are fund nly in British Clumbia.They live in the Great Bear Rainfrest, an area that cvers the mainland and islands alng the cast f B．C.between Vancuver and Alaska.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。一只白灵熊在人类的帮助下即将搬进“新家”。
1．We can learn frm Paragraph 1 that Clver ________．
A．lst his parents at the age f 3
B．culd nt find any fd
C．was nt afraid f humans
D．grew up in the wild
答案 C [细节理解题。由第一段中的“he brke int human camps lking fr fd”和“he cntinued t lk fr places where there were peple”可知，Clver并不害怕人类，故选C项。]
2．The habitat built fr Clver ________．
A．will be pen t visitrs
B．will becme a center fr spirit bears
C．was created by Francis Kermde
D．will prepare him fr life in the wild
答案 A [细节理解题。由第二段中的“a platfrm and a walkway”和“a center”等信息可知，该栖息地将来有望对游客开放，让更多的人有机会接近并了解白灵熊，故选A项。]
3．What will Clver’s future life be like?
A．Busy.B．Easy.
C．Hard.D．Lnely.
答案 B [推理判断题。由第一段中的“a ttal f $750，000 Clver”和第二段中的“The habitat cvers abut three acres (英亩) f land and includes else”， “s Clver will nt feel lnely”可知，Clver将来在新家的生活会很舒适，故选B项。]
4．Accrding t Francis Kermde, spirit bears ________．
A．are bigger than black bears
B．are mainly fund in B．C.
C．are brn t white bears
D．are very unusual
答案 D [细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Spirit bears are als called Kermde bears”和“There are abut 200 white Kermde bears in the wrld.”可知，白灵熊十分罕见，故选D项。]
Ⅳ.完形填空
It happened n a rainy Saturday mrning last mnth.My wife Catherine and I were __1__ alng what sme peple called mse (麋鹿) alley.It was s __2__ that there were few cars n the rad.__3__， smething happened.A mse jumped ut acrss ur __4__ .I had been driving fr years and was __5__ at driving.In rder t __6__ kncking int the mse, I made a quick __7__ t the ther lane.If I had nt dne that, the mse might have been killed, and my wife and I might have gt __8__， t.A few secnds later, when I __9__ and lked back in my rear view mirrr, the mse was getting up and then ran int the bush.Shaken but __10__， we bth lked at each ther with a surprised expressin.
Frm then n, I ften thught abut the relatinship between humans and __11__ .We knw that animal species have appeared and disappeared __12__ since life began n the Earth.This is a(n) __13__ phenmenn (现象)．Hwever, animal species have been __14__ at a much faster rate fr abut a century nw __15__ human factrs such as pllutin.
Certain philsphers and scientists keep repeating that if we dn’t save animals, hw we will be able t save urselves.A better __16__ f animals gives us a better understanding f ur wn species.The __17__ t prtect animals and nature in general __18__ the value f a sciety.And all animals play rles in nature and have a right t __19__ .Therefre, I think we shuld try ur best t save endangered animals, because humans cannt live n the Earth __20__ .
【语篇解读】 经历一次交通小事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1．A.lkingB．driving
C．walkingD．running
答案 B [根据下文作者的车差点跟一头麋鹿相撞的语境可知，作者当时在“开车”。]
2．A.clB．quiet
C．wideD．early
答案 D [根据上文“It happened n a rainy Saturday mrning last mnth.”以及下文“there were few cars n the rad”可知，马路上车少是因为当时还很“早”。]
3．A.ExpectedlyB．Obviusly
C．FrtunatelyD．Suddenly
答案 D [根据上下文可知，“突然”有事情发生了。]
4．A.spaceB．regin
C．pathD．place
答案 C [根据上文“alng what sme peple call mse (麋鹿) alley”可知，作者和妻子正开车沿着麋鹿小路行驶，突然一头麋鹿跳出来穿过我们行驶的“道路”。]
5．A.angryB．gd
C．slwD．mad
答案 B [根据上文“I had been driving fr years”可知，作者开了很多年车，“擅长”开车。]
6．A.avidB．keep
C．delayD．excuse
答案 A [根据下文“If I had nt dne that, the mse might have been killed”可知，这里是指为了“避免”撞上这头麋鹿，作者急“转弯”开到另外一条道上。]
7．A.turnB．jump
C．respnseD．rush
答案 A [参见上题解析。]
8．A.shckedB．lst
C．disappintedD．injured
答案 D [作者的车如果跟麋鹿相撞，那么他跟妻子也可能会“受伤”。]
9．A.understdB．thught
C．stppedD．tried
答案 C [根据“lked back in my rear view mirrr”可知，作者当时把车“停”了下来，从后视镜里看到那头麋鹿起身，随后跑进了树丛。]
10．A.wrriedB．fine
C．sadD．scared
答案 B [我们虽然受到惊吓，但是“没事”。]
11．A.landsB．rads
C．plantsD．wildlife
答案 D [根据下文可知，从那以后，作者经常思考人类与“野生动物”的关系。]
12．A.exactlyB．silently
C．cntinuallyD．mysteriusly
答案 C [我们知道，自从地球上出现生命以后，动物物种“不断地”出现并消失。]
13．A.strangeB．natural
C．unusualD．recent
答案 B [这是个“自然”现象。]
14．A.decreasingB．develping
C．appearingD．changing
答案 A [然而，现在约一个世纪以来，“由于”污染等人类因素，动物物种一直以更快的速度在“减少”。]
15．A.accrding tB．instead f
C．because fD．alng with
答案 C [参见上题解析。]
16．A.treatmentB．perfrmance
C．wrldD．knwledge
答案 D [更好地“了解”动物，才能更好地了解我们人类。“a better knwledge f”和“a better understanding f”都是“更了解”的意思。]
17．A.wayB．law
C．hpeD．will
答案 D [一般来说，保护动物和自然的“意愿”“显示”了一个社会的价值。]
18．A.shwsB．includes
C．predictsD．prtects
答案 A [参见上题解析。]
19．A.escapeB．survive
C．refuseD．select
答案 B [所有动物在自然界中都有自己的角色，它们都有权利“生存”。]
20．A.alneB．apart
C．tgetherD．frever
答案 A [根据上下文可知，这里是指人类不能“独自”存活在地球上。]
Rts & Shts
The ①time f its establishment
In the early 1990s
The ②funder
Dr. Jane Gdall
The purpse
③T__educate__yung__peple,__frm pre－schlers t university students
The meaning f
its name
Rts ④mve__slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can ⑤break__pen brick walls t reach the light.That’s what Rts & Shts is all abut：The ⑥value__and__imprtance f each individual—human, animal r plant. Every individual ⑦matters．Every individual has a rle t play. Every individual ⑧makes__a__difference.
Sectin Ⅱ Lessn 1
1．Discussin—Lk at the fllwing pictures and discuss what is happening in each picture.And what shuld we d?
a．Water__is__being__wasted.
b．The__by__drps__litter__casually.
c．The__garbage__is__classified__int__different__srts.
2．Predictin—Lk at the pictures and the title and predict what the text is prbably abut.
The__text__is__mainly__abut__the__infrmatin__abut__an__institute__called__Rts__&__Shts.
1．First reading—Read the text and then fill in the frm belw.
2.Secnd reading—Read the text carefully again and match the main idea f each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) A．The meaning f its name.
Part 2 (Para.2)B．What is“ Just－me－ism”？
Part 3 (Paras.3～4) C．The establishment f Rts & Shts.
答案 Part 1 B Part 2 C Part 3 A
3．Third reading—Read the text carefully again and chse the best answer.
(1)What is nt“ Just－me－ism”？
A．Leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth.
B．Leave a light burning when yu g ut.
C．Drp a piece f litter and can’t be bthered t pick it up.
D．Turn ff the light when yu g ut.
(2)When was Rts & Shts established?
A．In the early 1980s.B．In the late 1980s.
C．In the early 1990s.D．In the late 1990s.
(3) Wh is Jane Gdall?
A．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild chimpanzees.
B．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild mnkeys.
C．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild tigers.
D．A scientist wh’s the wrld’s best－knwn expert n wild wlves.
(4)What’s the purpse f Rts & Shts?
A．T educate ld peple.
B．T educate yung peple.
C．T educate middle－aged peple.
D．T educate children.
(5) What can we learn frm the text?
A．Every individual desn’t matter.
B．Every individual can make a difference t the wrld.
C．Only a few peple suffer frm“Just－me－ism”．
D．Peple can’t live tgether in peace with nature.
答案 (1)D (2)C (3)A (4)B (5)B
1．Pair wrk：What techniques des the writer use t make her view lgical and cnvincing?
The__answer__is__pen.
2．Grup wrk：Prepare a presentatin t intrduce Rts & Shts with the fllwing tips.Then give yur presentatin.
·when and where it was established
·the meaning f its name
·the cntributin it makes t sciety
The__answer__is__pen.
绿色生活方式
1．nt t leave the tap running
2．nt t leave the huse with lights burning
3．nt t use plastic bags
4．t pick up the litter
5．t ride bikes fr shrt jurneys
6．t plant mre trees
7．t be a vlunteer in the envirnmental rganizatin
8．t use less tissue paper
如何猜测生词含义
1．By using cntext clues.
2．By analyzing wrd－frmatin.
3．By using grammar clues.
4．By using punctuatin clues.
语言现象感知
Ⅰ.单词理解
体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义
1．The whle purpse f Rts & Shts is t educate yung peple, frm pre－schlers t university students, s they can help t build a future that is secure and live tgether in peace with nature.adj.安全的；无危险的
2．The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen walls t reach the light.n.基础；地基__n．芽；苗
3．D yu think yu help t make the wrld a better place when yu cause a sad persn t smile...？vt.引起；使发生
4．One cheered－up persn, ne happy dg, ne flwering plant, and yu.adj.开花的
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
1．leave the tap running让水龙头开着
2．drp a piece f litter扔一片垃圾
3．s what那又怎样
4．say t neself自言自语；心里想
5．in the early 1990s在20世纪90年代初
6．live tgether in peace with nature与自然和平相处
7．make a firm fundatin夯实基础
8．make it a better place t live in让它成为更好的居住地
Ⅲ.句式欣赏
1．that引导宾语从句；but引导并列句
Yu knw that all thse things are wrng, but s what?
2．because引导原因状语从句；but引导并列句
The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen walls t reach the light.
3．第一个that 引导宾语从句；第二个that 引导表语从句
Dr.Jane Gdall believes that the mst imprtant thing is that：“ Every individual matters.Every individual has a rle t play.Every individual makes a difference.”
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
1．The trees send ut new shts(芽)in spring.
2．He majrs in engine technlgy in this institute(研究院)．
3．A letter f credit will invlve(包含)unnecessary extra charges.
4．Because f their pleasant persnality, they had sn frmed a firm(坚实的) friendship.
5．This pht shws hw the rts(rt)f plants g deeply int the sil.
6．It is a small matter; dn’t get s ht and bthered__(bther)．
7．Freezing winter is __harmful (harm) t range trees.
8．Best friends are the fundatin (fund) f my life.
Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
1．All f us have t take__actin(采取行动)t prtect ur living envirnment.
2．Thrugh English, we knw abut what happened all__arund__the__wrld(全世界)．
3．If yu can’t be__bthered__t(没兴趣做)d that, yu can’t be bthered t pay attentin.
4．We’re sure yu’ll be__knwn__as(作为……而出名) an artist.
5．In__additin__t(除……之外)giving me sme advice, he gave me sme mney.
6．I want t d what I can t __make__a__difference(起作用)．
7．China is__cmmitted__t(致力于)uphlding wrld peace.
8．His speech inspired__me__t(激励我)wrk harder than ever befre.
Ⅲ.句式语境仿写
1．Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “ Just－me－ism”．
大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。
[仿写] 他们已经做了他们能做的一切去帮助她。
They’ve dne what__they__can t help her.
2． yu leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth...
比如说你刷牙的时候水龙头一直开着……
[仿写] 她听着收音机睡着了。
While__(she__was)__listening__t__the__radi,__she fell asleep.
3．Hundreds and thusands f rts and shts can slve the prblems, change the wrld and make it a better place t live in.
千千万万的“根与芽”可以解决问题，改变世界，让世界变得更适宜居住。
[仿写] 我们想让李华当班长。
We want t make__Li__Hua__ur__mnitr．
记单词
Ⅰ.一言串记多义词
New shts appeared n the bush, s he wanted t d a sht fr his girlfriend near the bush.At the same time, a hunter aimed at the animal near the bush but did nt sht.
灌木丛长出了新枝。所以他想在灌木丛附近为他的女朋友拍一张照片。与此同时，一个猎人瞄准了灌木丛附近的动物，但没有开枪。
Ⅱ.词缀助记派生词
1．名词后缀： －tin
fund (v.)→fundatin (n.)
imagine (v.)→imaginatin (n.)
2．形容词后缀：－ed, －ful
invlve(v.)→invlved (adj.)
bther (v.)→bthered (adj.)
harm (v.)→harmful (adj.)
dubt (v.)→ dubtful (adj.)
句型公式
1．what引导宾语从句
2．while作连词，意为当……时候，引导时间状语从句
3．“ make＋宾语＋宾补” 结构
1.sht n．芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v．射击；射中；拍摄；飞驰
Rts & Shts(教材P31)根与芽
[合作探究] 体会sht的用法和意义
Tw weeks after we’d planted the seeds, little green shts started t appear.
我们播种后两周，绿色的小嫩芽就开始长出了。
The hunter tk a sht at the deer in the distance.
猎手向远处的那头鹿开了枪。
The new sldier sht at the target, but missed it again.
这个新兵向靶子射击，但又没有射中。
[自主发现]
①take a sht at 朝……射击
②sht at 朝……射击；向……开枪
[巩固内化]
(1)写出下列句中sht的含义
①He sht the arrw frm the bw(弓)．射击
②The mvie was sht in black and white.拍摄
③The by sht alng the street n his bike.飞驰
(2)一句多译
④刚才，那位猎人朝一头野猪射击，但是没有射中。
Just nw, the hunter tk__a__sht__at a wild pig, but missed it.
＝Just nw, the hunter sht__at__a wild pig, but missed it.
2.invlve vt.参与；包含 invlved adj.有关的；卷入的
It is by acting tgether, in this exciting way, that we can invlve thusands－millins－f peple, and this is what is ging t change the wrld.(教材P31)
正是通过共同行动，以这种令人兴奋的方式，我们可以让成千上万的人参与进来，这将改变世界。
[合作探究] 体会invlve的用法和意义
Dn’t invlve me in yur quarrel！不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！
He was invlved in reading the nvel all mrning.他整个早上都在专心读小说。
Nbdy in my life really wants t be invlved with me.
在我的生命中，没有一个人真正想融入我的生活。
[自主发现]
①invlve sb in sth把某人卷入某事中
②be invlved in ding sth 专心做某事
③be invlved with sb 涉及；与……有关联,[巩固内化]
单句语法填空
①He was invlved in wrking ut a plan.
②S why d yu cntinue t be invlved with these peple?
③Dn’t invlve me in slving (slve) yur prblem.
1.nt be bthered t d sth懒得做某事
Drp a piece f litter and can’t be bthered t pick it up.(教材P30)
扔一片垃圾然后懒得去捡。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
bther t d sth 费心做某事
(nt) bther ding sth 麻烦做某事/懒得做某事
bther sb with/abut sth 用某事麻烦某人
①Dn’t bther t get dinner fr me.请不必费事为我做饭了。
②I’m srry that I have t bther yu with/abut this prblem.
对不起，我要用这个问题来麻烦你了。
[巩固内化]
完成句子
①He can’t__be__bthered__t__say hell.他连打声招呼都不肯。
②Dn’t bther__him__with/abut it nw; he’s very busy.现在不要拿这个去打扰他，他很忙。
③Yu needn’t__bther__t cme up.
你不必费心来了。
2.take actin采取行动
T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts was established.(教材P31)为了能让年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动，(他们)成立了“根与芽”。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
take steps/measures 采取措施
take a risk 冒风险
take a chance 碰运气
take effect 生效；起作用
take advantage f 利用
①They tk a risk in driving n, in spite f the strm.
尽管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
②The new law takes effect frm tmrrw.新法律从明天起生效。
③We shuld take measures/steps t keep air and water clean.
我们应该采取措施保持空气和水的清洁。,[巩固内化]
完成句子
①I usually take__advantage__f__every__pprtunity t practise my spken English.我经常利用一切机会练习英语口语。
②Shall we take__a__risk r play it safe?
我们是该冒险呢还是稳妥行事？
③The ban is t take__effect__in six mnths.该禁令六个月后生效。
1.Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “ Just－me－ism”．(教材P31)大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。
[句式解读] 句中what is knwn as “ Just－me－ism”为what引导的宾语从句。
[用法总结]
(1)what常用来引导名词性从句， 即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句， 从句用陈述语序。
(2)what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语或表语。
①What he said at the meeting astnished everybdy present.
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(主语从句)
②Will yu shw me what yu bught?
可以把你买的东西给我看一下吗？ (宾语从句)
③Mary is n lnger what she was ten years ag.
玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。(表语从句)
④I have n idea what we shuld d next.
我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(同位语从句)
[名师提醒] that引导名词性从句时，that 在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用，一般不可省略(宾语从句除外)。
⑤That ur team wn the game made us very happy.
我们队赢得了比赛，这使我们很开心。(主语从句),[巩固内化]
单句语法填空
①Befre the sales start, I make a list f what my kids will need fr the cming seasn.
②What parents say and d has a life－lng effect n their children.
③There is n evidence that there is life n any ther planet in the slar system.
④The yung girl was t frightened t speak, standing there fr what__seemed like hurs.
⑤The by believes that he will travel thrugh space t ther planets.
yu leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth...(教材P31)
比如说你刷牙的时候水龙头一直开着……
[句式解读] 句中while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
[用法总结]
(1)“当……的时候”，表示时间，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语用延续性动词。
①She was cking while she was keeping an eye n her baby sleeping in the cradle.她一边做饭，一边留意睡在摇篮里的婴儿。
(2)“只要”，表示条件，引导条件状语从句。
②While there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
(3)“但是；可是”，表示对比，连接两个并列句。
③The by is gd at maths while his sister is gd at Chinese.
那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文。
(4)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句。
④While he lves his students，he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。,[巩固内化] 完成句子
①While__they__are__my__neighburs,__I d nt knw them well.
尽管他们是我的邻居，我对他们了解得并不多。
②While__there__is__life there is hpe.
只要生命存在，就有希望。
③Yu like sprts while__I__like__reading．
你喜欢运动而我喜欢读书。
④While__his__mther__was__cking__in__the__kitchen，the by fell asleep in the chair.当他妈妈在厨房做饭时，男孩在椅子上睡着了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Mst peple suffer frm 1.what is knwn as “Just－me－ism” smetimes.As a result, they think their actins, fr example, leaving the tap 2.running (run) while they brush their teeth, leaving a light burning when they g ut r drpping a piece f litter and can’t be bthered 3.t__pick (pick) it up, wn’t be harmful 4.t the envirnment r their cmmunity.But, in fact, they will and they culd matter.Rts & Shts was established in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Gdall, wh’s well－knwn 5.as__an expert n wild chimpanzees.Its purpse is 6.t__educate (educate) yung peple t build a future that is secure and live tgether in peace 7.with nature.The idea is that if yu educate enugh individuals, they can change the wrld and make it a 8.better (gd) place fr peple, animals and the envirnment because as Dr.Jane Gdall says：“ It is by 9.__acting (act) tgether, in this exciting way, 10.that we can invlve thusands－millins－f peple, and this is what is ging t change the wrld.”
Ⅱ.根据提示完成课堂小作文
迈克年轻时梦想成为一名动物研究员。他想研究涉及 (invlve) 为什么狗喜欢摇尾巴 (wag) 或者黑猩猩 (chimpanzee) 的大脑结构的课题。因此，他准备让工人们采取行动 (take actin)，用坚固的 (firm) 砖块 (brick) 作为基础 (fundatin)，建造一个动物研究所 (institute)。然而，有一天，他发现有害的建筑废水污染了庄稼的根 (rt) 和芽 (sht)。迈克不是一个以自我为中心的 (just－me－ism)人，所以他不再费心 (be bthered t d) 去建造这个研究所了。虽然他放弃了自己的梦想，但他把环保的意义传遍了全世界 (all arund the wrld)。
,__ne__day__he__fund__the__harmful__wasted__water__frm__cnstructin__plluted__the__rts__and__shts__f__the__crps.Mike__wasn’t__“Just－me－ism”，s__he__wasn’t__bthered__t__set__up__the__institute.Althugh__he__gave__up__his__dream，he__spread__the__significance__f__envirnmental__prtectin__all__arund__the__wrld.
动词－ing和－ed形式
[合作探究] 画出下列句子中的 “动词－ing形式和动词－ed形式” 结构，并指出其所作的句子成分。
示例：A yung man writing nvels came t speak t us yesterday.(定语)
①The experiment was an amazing success.(定语)
②Li Ming’s hbby is cllecting stamps.(表语)
③When I walked int the ffice, I saw a girl using my cmputer.(宾语补足语)
④He cmes hme late every evening, making his wife very angry.(状语)
⑤The Olympic Games, first played in 776 BC, did nt include wmen players until 1912.(状语)
⑥What’s the language spken in that area？(定语)
⑦We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.(表语)
⑧She fund her necklace gne n her way hme.(宾语补足语)
[自主发现1]
(1)动词－ing形式可以在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
(2)动词－ed形式可以在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
一、动词－ing形式
1．作定语
[合作探究]
N ne is allwed t speak alud in the reading rm.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
A little child learning(＝ wh is learning) t walk ften falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
There are many students waiting (＝ wh are waiting) t get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
[自主发现2]
(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于fr引导的介词短语。
(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
2．作状语
[合作探究]
Hearing the nise, I turned arund.
＝When I heard the nise, I turned arund.听到响声我转过身去。
Being pr, he culdn’t affrd a TV set.
＝Because he was pr, he culdn’t affrd a TV set.
由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。
Wrking hard, yu’ll certainly succeed.
＝If yu wrk hard, yu’ll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
The fire lasted a whle night, causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。
Mary sat by the windw f the classrm，reading a bk.
＝Mary sat by the windw f the classrm and was reading a bk.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。
[自主发现3]
现在分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以变为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以变为相应的状语从句。
[名师提醒]
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果；而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用nly t d结构。
He was caught in the rain, making himself catch a cld.被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried t schl，nly t find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
3．作宾语补足语
[合作探究]
I saw a small girl standing in frnt f a fishbwl.
我看到一个小女孩站在鱼缸前。
I saw that thief getting n the train.我看见那个贼正在上火车。
I saw the thief get n the train and disappear.
我看见那个贼上了火车，消失不见了。
I culdn’t d my hmewrk with the nise ging n.
在持续的噪音下我无法完成作业。
[自主发现4]
(1)现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系。
(2)feel，find，hear，ntice，bserve，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带t的不定式作宾语补足语。现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带t的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成。
4．作表语
[合作探究]
The result f the game was disappinting.比赛结果令人失望。
His life stry sunds very mving.他的人生故事听起来很感人。
What I am tired f is waiting here alne.我厌烦独自在这里等。
My hbby is cllecting stamps.我的爱好就是集邮。
[自主发现5]
作表语的动词－ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
二、动词－ed形式
1．作定语
[合作探究]
The brken vase has been thrwn utside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。
I brrwed a bk written (＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain frm the library.我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
[自主发现6]
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
[名师提醒]
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如：
biled water＝water that has biled开(过的)水
the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶
a develped cuntry＝a cuntry which has develped发达国家
2．作宾语补足语
When I came in, I fund a strange girl seated in the crner.
我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
I want the letter psted.我想把这封信寄出去。
She fund her necklace gne n her way hme.
在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。
[自主发现7]
(1)及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
(2)少数不及物动词如 g, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。
3．作表语
[合作探究]
The dr remained lcked.门仍然锁着。
Later they fund that they were lst.后来他们发现他们迷路了。
We were amazed at the beauty f the lake.这个湖泊的美使我们大为惊奇。
[自主发现8]
(1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，lk，becme等。
(2)有些过去分词作表语时，已经具备了形容词的性质。
4．作状语
[合作探究]
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(原因状语)
Grwn in rich sil，these seeds can grw fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(条件状语)
Asked abut the matter, she kept silent.
当被问及那个问题时，她默不作声。(时间状语)
The ld man walked int the rm，supprted by his sn.
这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(方式状语)
He walked slwly in the frest，fllwed by a dg.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)
[自主发现9]
(1)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。
(2)过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首。
动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
动词－ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示被动和完成，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
[巩固内化1]
单句语法填空/同义句转换
①China is a develping (develp) cuntry belnging (belng) t the third wrld.
②Ladies and gentlemen, please g and wait in the meeting (meet) rm.
③That must have been a terrifying__(terrify) experience.
④The girl wh was sitting next t me was my cusin.
→ The girl __sitting__next__t__me was my cusin.
[巩固内化2] 完成句子
①Being__sleepy,__the by culdn’t fcus n his study.
因为很困，这个男孩不能把注意力集中在学习上。
②Speaking__in__English__every__day,__yu will master this language step by step.
每天都用英语说话，你会一步一步掌握这门语言。
③I stared at the dark sky thinking__abut where I wuld belng.
凝望着漆黑的夜空，我心里思索着路在何方。
④He arrives at schl very late every day, making__his__teacher__very__angry．
他每天都很晚到达学校，这让他的老师很生气。
⑤Walking__in__the__street,__I saw him.
当我在街上走时，我看到他了。
[巩固内化3] 完成句子
①He saw her wrking__in__the__garden．
他看见她正在花园里干活。
②I culd feel the wind blwing n my face.
我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。
③He saw her enter__the__rm．
他看见她走进屋子。
④With s many peple lking__at her, she felt nervus.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[巩固内化4] 完成句子
①What he said was encuraging．
他说的话鼓舞人心。
②Her letter was tuching．
她的信很感人。
③The news was exciting．
这消息令人兴奋。
④My jb is teaching．
我的工作是教书。
[巩固内化5] 单词语法填空
①Did yu accept the invitatin given (give) by the tur guide?
②Mst f the artists invited (invite) t the party were frm Suth Africa.
③The speaker answered all the questins raised (raise) by the audience.
④Yu shuld imprve yur spken (speak) English.
[巩固内化6] 完成句子
①I saw an ld man kncked__dwn__ by a car just nw.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
②I’ll __have__my__hair__cut tmrrw.
明天我要理发。
③I heard the sng sung__in__English．
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
④Dn’t leave__thse__things__undne．要把那些事情做完。
[巩固内化7] 单句语法填空
①She was surprised (surprise) t find the fridge empty.
②She lked tired (tire) with cking.
③They were delighted (delight) t hear the delighting news.
④The bkstre is nw clsed(clse)．
[巩固内化8] 完成句子
①Encuraged__by__the__prgress he has made, he wrks harder.
由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，他更努力工作了。
②Seen__frm__the__tp__f__the__hill,__the city lks mre beautiful t us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。
③Given__anther__hur,__I can als wrk ut this prblem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
④Written__in__a__hurry__,__this article was nt s gd!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
⑤He std there silently, mved__t__tears．
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The muntain trip was __tiring,__s the guide felt tired．(tire)
2．The peple waiting__(wait) fr the bus are talking with each ther.
3．The little by still needed the remaining 20 dllars t d with the things remaining t be settled.(remain)
4．Lst__(lse) in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
5．On the bank f the river，we fund him lying (lie)n a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) n a kite in the sky.
6．Unless yu have planted smething, yu wn’t be able t knw the pleasure f watching the thing yu have planted grwing (grw)．
7．While walking (walk) alng the street, I heard my name called (call)．
8．Shcked (shck) at the terrible wrking cnditins, we decided t quit the jb.
9．Jhn rushed ut in a hurry，leaving (leave) the dr unlcked (unlck)．
10．The stry was s mving that he was mved t tears.(mve)
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．One f his weaknesses is telling__lies．
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
2．The by studying__in__the__classrm is ur mnitr.
在教室里学习的男孩是我们的班长。
3．Dn’t have__the__students__studying__ all day.
不要让学生整天学习。
4．Hearing__the__news,__he culdn’t help laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
5．Althugh warned__f__danger,__turists can’t help taking phts near the river.尽管被警告有危险，但是游客还是忍不住在河边拍照片。
6．When I came in, I saw him sitting in the sfa __lst__in__thught．当我进来时，我看到他坐在沙发上陷入了深思。
7．The children are__really__excited__abut ging t the z.
要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
8．In autumn there are many fallen__leaves n the grund.
秋天地上有许多落叶。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Bamb shts(芽)grw frm arund the rts.
2．Ann caught her ft n a tree rt(树根)and fell ver.
3．I just can’t be bthered(被打扰的)t lk after the huse.
4．We must limit urselves t ne galln (加仑) f water per day.
5．She is studying in an art institute(研究院)．
6．We must maintain a firm(坚定的)attitude.
7．He laid the fundatin(基础)f his success by study and hard wrk.
8．He was hurt by a falling brick(砖)．
9．If she were invlved(参与)in business, she wuld make a strng chief executive.
10．The dg wagged(摇)its tail in expectatin f a bne.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The questin is why he bthered t__make (make) the speech at all.
2．Plluted air and water are harmful t peple’ s health.
3．Thank yu fr being firm with__me while I went thrugh my rebellin(逆反)stage.
4．All the peple invlved (invlve) in this case must be present.
5．I patted the dg and she wagged (wag) her tail.
6．It sells flwers frm all arund the wrld.
7．He drinks what is left in his glass as if it were water.
8．The strange nise made the little girl frightened__(frighten)．
9．I vlunteer because I want t nt just see the wrld, but make a difference in it.
10．What he said suggested that he was lying.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Clver, a three－year－ld spirit bear, lives at the B．C.Wildlife Park near Kamlps, British Clumbia, Canada.He lst his parents tw years ag and was raised at a wildlife center.When he was set free int the wild, he brke int human camps lking fr fd.Wildlife experts (专家) tried t get him used t living n his wn, but he cntinued t lk fr places where there were peple.Finally the experts decided that he culd nt live in the wild.Since then, a ttal f $750，000 has been cllected t create a habitat fr Clver.
The habitat cvers abut three acres (英亩) f land and includes natural frest, tw pnds cnnected by a small river and smething else.It will add a platfrm and a walkway later this year s that peple can see Clver and his habitat mre clsely.There will als be a center where peple can learn mre abut spirit bears.Besides, a black bear will be mved int the habitat s Clver will nt feel lnely.
Spirit bears are als called Kermde bears after Francis Kermde, wh first studied them.Kermde discvered that a small number f black bears carry a gene (基因) fr white fur.If a baby bear receives ne f these genes frm each parent, its fur will be a creamy white clr.There are abut 1，200 bears wh carry the gene fr white fur, but nly abut 200 white Kermde bears in the wrld.Kermde bears are fund nly in British Clumbia.They live in the Great Bear Rainfrest, an area that cvers the mainland and islands alng the cast f B．C.between Vancuver and Alaska.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。一只白灵熊在人类的帮助下即将搬进“新家”。
1．We can learn frm Paragraph 1 that Clver ________．
A．lst his parents at the age f 3
B．culd nt find any fd
C．was nt afraid f humans
D．grew up in the wild
答案 C [细节理解题。由第一段中的“he brke int human camps lking fr fd”和“he cntinued t lk fr places where there were peple”可知，Clver并不害怕人类，故选C项。]
2．The habitat built fr Clver ________．
A．will be pen t visitrs
B．will becme a center fr spirit bears
C．was created by Francis Kermde
D．will prepare him fr life in the wild
答案 A [细节理解题。由第二段中的“a platfrm and a walkway”和“a center”等信息可知，该栖息地将来有望对游客开放，让更多的人有机会接近并了解白灵熊，故选A项。]
3．What will Clver’s future life be like?
A．Busy.B．Easy.
C．Hard.D．Lnely.
答案 B [推理判断题。由第一段中的“a ttal f $750，000 Clver”和第二段中的“The habitat cvers abut three acres (英亩) f land and includes else”， “s Clver will nt feel lnely”可知，Clver将来在新家的生活会很舒适，故选B项。]
4．Accrding t Francis Kermde, spirit bears ________．
A．are bigger than black bears
B．are mainly fund in B．C.
C．are brn t white bears
D．are very unusual
答案 D [细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Spirit bears are als called Kermde bears”和“There are abut 200 white Kermde bears in the wrld.”可知，白灵熊十分罕见，故选D项。]
Ⅳ.完形填空
It happened n a rainy Saturday mrning last mnth.My wife Catherine and I were __1__ alng what sme peple called mse (麋鹿) alley.It was s __2__ that there were few cars n the rad.__3__， smething happened.A mse jumped ut acrss ur __4__ .I had been driving fr years and was __5__ at driving.In rder t __6__ kncking int the mse, I made a quick __7__ t the ther lane.If I had nt dne that, the mse might have been killed, and my wife and I might have gt __8__， t.A few secnds later, when I __9__ and lked back in my rear view mirrr, the mse was getting up and then ran int the bush.Shaken but __10__， we bth lked at each ther with a surprised expressin.
Frm then n, I ften thught abut the relatinship between humans and __11__ .We knw that animal species have appeared and disappeared __12__ since life began n the Earth.This is a(n) __13__ phenmenn (现象)．Hwever, animal species have been __14__ at a much faster rate fr abut a century nw __15__ human factrs such as pllutin.
Certain philsphers and scientists keep repeating that if we dn’t save animals, hw we will be able t save urselves.A better __16__ f animals gives us a better understanding f ur wn species.The __17__ t prtect animals and nature in general __18__ the value f a sciety.And all animals play rles in nature and have a right t __19__ .Therefre, I think we shuld try ur best t save endangered animals, because humans cannt live n the Earth __20__ .
【语篇解读】 经历一次交通小事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1．A.lkingB．driving
C．walkingD．running
答案 B [根据下文作者的车差点跟一头麋鹿相撞的语境可知，作者当时在“开车”。]
2．A.clB．quiet
C．wideD．early
答案 D [根据上文“It happened n a rainy Saturday mrning last mnth.”以及下文“there were few cars n the rad”可知，马路上车少是因为当时还很“早”。]
3．A.ExpectedlyB．Obviusly
C．FrtunatelyD．Suddenly
答案 D [根据上下文可知，“突然”有事情发生了。]
4．A.spaceB．regin
C．pathD．place
答案 C [根据上文“alng what sme peple call mse (麋鹿) alley”可知，作者和妻子正开车沿着麋鹿小路行驶，突然一头麋鹿跳出来穿过我们行驶的“道路”。]
5．A.angryB．gd
C．slwD．mad
答案 B [根据上文“I had been driving fr years”可知，作者开了很多年车，“擅长”开车。]
6．A.avidB．keep
C．delayD．excuse
答案 A [根据下文“If I had nt dne that, the mse might have been killed”可知，这里是指为了“避免”撞上这头麋鹿，作者急“转弯”开到另外一条道上。]
7．A.turnB．jump
C．respnseD．rush
答案 A [参见上题解析。]
8．A.shckedB．lst
C．disappintedD．injured
答案 D [作者的车如果跟麋鹿相撞，那么他跟妻子也可能会“受伤”。]
9．A.understdB．thught
C．stppedD．tried
答案 C [根据“lked back in my rear view mirrr”可知，作者当时把车“停”了下来，从后视镜里看到那头麋鹿起身，随后跑进了树丛。]
10．A.wrriedB．fine
C．sadD．scared
答案 B [我们虽然受到惊吓，但是“没事”。]
11．A.landsB．rads
C．plantsD．wildlife
答案 D [根据下文可知，从那以后，作者经常思考人类与“野生动物”的关系。]
12．A.exactlyB．silently
C．cntinuallyD．mysteriusly
答案 C [我们知道，自从地球上出现生命以后，动物物种“不断地”出现并消失。]
13．A.strangeB．natural
C．unusualD．recent
答案 B [这是个“自然”现象。]
14．A.decreasingB．develping
C．appearingD．changing
答案 A [然而，现在约一个世纪以来，“由于”污染等人类因素，动物物种一直以更快的速度在“减少”。]
15．A.accrding tB．instead f
C．because fD．alng with
答案 C [参见上题解析。]
16．A.treatmentB．perfrmance
C．wrldD．knwledge
答案 D [更好地“了解”动物，才能更好地了解我们人类。“a better knwledge f”和“a better understanding f”都是“更了解”的意思。]
17．A.wayB．law
C．hpeD．will
答案 D [一般来说，保护动物和自然的“意愿”“显示”了一个社会的价值。]
18．A.shwsB．includes
C．predictsD．prtects
答案 A [参见上题解析。]
19．A.escapeB．survive
C．refuseD．select
答案 B [所有动物在自然界中都有自己的角色，它们都有权利“生存”。]
20．A.alneB．apart
C．tgetherD．frever
答案 A [根据上下文可知，这里是指人类不能“独自”存活在地球上。]
Rts & Shts
The ①time f its establishment
In the early 1990s
The ②funder
Dr. Jane Gdall
The purpse
③T__educate__yung__peple,__frm pre－schlers t university students
The meaning f
its name
Rts ④mve__slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can ⑤break__pen brick walls t reach the light.That’s what Rts & Shts is all abut：The ⑥value__and__imprtance f each individual—human, animal r plant. Every individual ⑦matters．Every individual has a rle t play. Every individual ⑧makes__a__difference.
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