2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：7.3



[话题单词]
1．surface n． 水面
2．bank n． 岸
3．beach n． 沙滩
4．waves n． 波浪
5．deep adj. 深的
6．shallow adj. 浅的
7．dirty adj. 脏的
8．waterway n． 水道
9．serious adj. 严重的
10．still adj. 平静的
11．terrible adj. 可怕的
12．clear adj. 清澈的；晴朗的
13．colourful adj. 色彩丰富的
14．salty adj. 咸的
15．shark n． 鲨鱼
16．seal n． 海豹
17．seagull n． 海鸥
[话题短语]
1．at the bottom of在……的底部(末端)
2．fresh water淡水
3．underground water地下水
4．World Ocean Day世界海洋日(6月8日)
5．the depths of the sea海底深度
6．at the whaling station在捕鲸站
7．ocean environment海洋环境
8．marine environmental protection海洋环保
9．sea animals and plants海洋动植物
10．sea port海港
[话题佳句]
1．There are more than 250 species of shark in the world.
世界上有250多种鲨鱼。
2．Shark is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast.
鲨鱼在大西洋沿岸的分布很广泛。
3．Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don’t happen very often.
大多数人都不了解，鲨鱼其实很少攻击人类。
4．The chances of being attacked by a shark are very small compared to other dangers.
和其它危险相比，被鲨鱼袭击的可能性是非常小的。
[佳作背诵]
根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍中国的海南岛。
1．海南岛就像一只雪梨，横卧在中国南部的南海(the South China Sea)之上；
2．面积：35,400平方公里(中国第二大岛)；
3．历史：6,000多年；
4．人口：9,000,000多，包括三十多个民族；
5．居民谋生方式：种水稻、捕鱼等；
6．不但气候四季宜人，而且风景名胜众多。
Hainan Island，the second largest island in China，covers an area of 35,400 square kilometres with a history of over 6,000 years.It is like a pear，lying above the South China Sea. Hainan Island has a population of over 9 million which consists of over 30 nationalities.The people there make a living by growing rice，fishing and so on.Not only is the climate there pleasant all the year round but also there are many famous places of interest.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①idiom n. 习语， 成语
②pause vt.暂停；中止
③drag vt.拖；拉；扯
④shark n. 鲨鱼
⑤target n．目标；靶子
⑥flee (fled，fled) vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离
⑦aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识，觉悟
⑧deep adj深的→depth n．深度；深处→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地；非常地
⑨abandon vt.放弃；抛弃；遗弃→abandoned adj.放纵的；堕落的→abandonment n．放弃
⑩opposite prep.在……对面adj.相反的→opposition n．反对；抵抗→oppositely adv.相反地
⑪relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往→relation n．关系；关联→relative adj.比较上的；相对的
2．阅读单词
①pension n．养老金
②jog vi.慢跑 vt. 轻推；轻撞
③agent n. 代理人，经济人
④anecdote n．轶事；趣闻
⑤seal n．海豹；封条；印章
⑥pure adj. 纯的；纯洁的；纯粹的
⑦awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
⑧witness vt.当场见到；目击
n．目击者；证人；证据
⑨vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
⑩dimension n．量度，尺寸；面积；程度；范围
⑪neat adj.<口>好的；整齐的；匀称的
⑫accommodation n．住所；住宿→accommodate vt.提供住宿
⑬scare vi.恐吓vt.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.引起恐慌的
⑭annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的 n．年刊；年鉴→annually adv.每年地；年度地→anniversary n．周年纪念
⑮urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgency n．紧急；迫切→urgent adj.急迫的，迫切的，紧急的
⑯conservation n．保护；保存→conserve v．保存；保护→conservative adj.保守的；保守主义的
⑰reflect vt.思考；映射；反射 vi.思考→reflection n．反射；回响→reflective adj.反射的；反省的
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．He described vividly (vivid)what he saw in London to us.
2．The meeting aimed at strengthening safety awareness(aware)of employees.
3．Though the soup is tasty(taste)，I don't like it.
4．Some flowers are reflected(reflect)in the river and they are very beautiful.
5．It is urged (urge)that we should finish the job as soon as possible.
6．He paused (pause)for breath and then continued climbing.
7．The little girl is scared(scare)of going out alone.
8．Despite some difficulties，they don't want to abandon(abandon)the plan.
9．The lake is over 20 meters in depth (deep)．
10．He spent six months in prison before fleeing (flee) the country.

1．“最终，最后”家族
①eventually adv.终于，最后；
eventual adj.最终的
②finally adv.最后，终于；final adj.最后的；最终的
③lastly adv.最后(一点)
④at last 最后
⑤in the end 最后
2．后缀－or必备名词集锦
①calculator 计算器/机
②competitor 竞争人，对手
③director 指导者，导演
④indicator 指示者
⑤governor 统治者，地方长官
⑥actor 演员
⑦visitor 参观者
⑧translator 翻译家，翻译者
3．“名词＋名词”构成的高频词速记
①headache n．头痛
②suitcase n．手提箱
③teamwork n．团队合作；配合
④timetable n．时间表；时刻表
⑤background n．背景；经历
4．以“－fy”结尾的动词
①identify vt.确认；识别
②clarify vt.澄清；阐明
③satisfy vt.使满意
④beautify vt.美化
⑤classify vt.分类
⑥purify vt.使纯净
⑦simplify vt.简化
5．“评价”面面观
①assess vt.评价；评定
②value v．评价；重视
③evaluate v．评价；估价
④estimate v．估计；评价
识记·思考·运用
1．(be)＋adj.＋of
①(be) ahead of 优于；在……前面
②be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
2．be＋adj.＋to
①(be) scared to death 吓死了
②get close to 靠近
③be about to do 即将；将要
3．动词＋介词(副词)
①aim at 瞄准
②help(...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
③hold up 举起；抬起；支撑；阻挡；使延误
4．其他形式
①in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时
②upside down 上下翻转
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The man turned the room upside down to look for his lost wallet.
2．At first I was not quite aware of what the gentleman was aiming at.
3．The conference will begin in an hour；in the meantime，let’s have a chat.
4．From now on，you don’t take me to watch horrible movies.I was scared to death last night.
5．She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.
6．I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
7．They，too，are getting close to the time when they start to build their nests.
8．I’m sorry，but my remarks were not aimed at you.

1．“动词＋out”短语全接触
①bring out 出版；公布
②carry out 执行
③check out 结账后离开
④drop out 退出
⑤leave out 忽略；遗漏
⑥cut out 停止；剪下
⑦let out 放出
⑧back out 决定不履行(允诺的事)
2．to为介词……的短语串记
①compare...to...把……比作
②adapt...to...使……适应……
③adjust...to...调节……以适应……
④attach...to...将……附在……上
⑤prefer...to...喜欢……胜过……
⑥apply...to...把……应用于……；专心于
⑦addict...to...对……上瘾
⑧expose...to...将……暴露于……之下
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers”as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
It was a time when...“曾经一度(那时)”，when引导的是定语从句，修饰time。
我曾一度迷恋网络游戏，现在真是后悔。
It was a time when I was addicted to playing computer games；how I regret now.
2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
be about to do sth.意为“正要做某事”。
我正要做一件重要工作这时女儿过来打断了我。
I was about to do an important piece of work when my daughter came to interrupt me.
3.The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
where...，there be...“在……地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。
常言道，有志者事竟成。
As the saying goes，where there is a will，there is a way.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Mark and a Seal
Mark rented an accommodation with his pension near the shore.He paid annual visits there to enjoy the vivid beauty in the depths of the 1.pure(purely) sea.
Once，with his underwater telescope and flashlight，Mark dived along 2.the boundary between the steep reef and the area of seaweed conservation.3.Suddenly (sudden)，an awesome Antarctic seal with sharp teeth appeared 4.opposite him.Every cell in his body 5was scared (scare) to death.But soon，he was aware that he wasn't the target of an attack.With a neat wound in its lip caused 6.by a shark，this grey seal was washed upside down by the tides time after time.But it tried to jog Mark 7.as if to urge him to help it.So Mark abandoned 8.fleeing(flee) away.With its teamwork，Mark used a net to drag the seal to the shallow water.Without pausing he helped 9.it out after a simple operation and settled it in a narrow cave by the seaside.Every time he brought it tasty fish，it would yell and suck his hands happily.Witnesses said their anecdotes reflected a magic dimension of the 10.relationship (relate) between humans and animals.
Note：reef /riːf/ n. 暗礁；/〈地质〉/ 矿脉；收帆 v. 收帆；缩帆


witness vt.当场见到；目击n.目击者；证人；证据
(教材原句)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.
当时我以为这只不过是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过很多次。
(1)a witness to sth. 某事的证人/证明
bear/give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明
(2)witness for 为……作证
witness to sth./doing sth. 证实……；证明……
(1)语境活用
The witness who witnessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.(witness)目击了这场事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。
(2)单句语法填空
①The past ten years have witnessed(witness) a boom in economy in my hometown.
②The driver witnessed to having seen (see) the man enter the building.
③His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We will witness(witness) the glory of our school, and we are growing together.




urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
(教材原句)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George，shouting loudly.
乔治大声喊道“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
拓展词：urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
urgency n. 紧急；催促；紧急的事
(1)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge on sb.sth. 极力主张某人某事
urge that...(should)do sth.极力主张；强调……
It is urged that...(should)do sth.坚决要求……
(2)have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
[要点释疑]
urge后跟从句时，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
(1)His companions brought pressure on him，urging(urge) him to stop wasting money.
他的伙伴们给他施加压力，劝他不要再浪费钱。
(2)单句语法填空
①More and more people urge the government to do(do)more for the disabled.
②It is strongly urged that the library(should)be kept (keep)open during the vacation.
③The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in urgent(urge)need of food，medicine and shelters.
(3)写作能力提升
随着高考的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。
①Our teachers urge us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
②Our teachers urge that we(should)study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)But the urge(urge) would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.
abandon v．放弃；遗弃，抛弃；(使)沉湎于
n．放任；放纵
(教材原句)From James's face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。
拓展词：abandoned adj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
abandonment n．遗弃；离弃；抛弃；放弃；舍弃
(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon oneself to...沉湎于……；纵情于……
be abandoned to被抛弃
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
(2)with abandon放纵地；放任地
(1)Good love makes you see the whole world for one person while bad love makes you abandon the whole world for one person.好的爱情是你通过一个人看到整个世界，坏的爱情是你为了一个人舍弃全世界。
(2)Walking alone in the forest，he felt abandoned (abandon)by the world.
独自走在森林里，他感到被这个世界遗弃了。
(3)语境活用
The child was abandoned(abandon)by his parents.Eventually the abandoned(abandon)boy was found wandering in the street，abandoning(abandon)himself to despair.那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了。后来有人发现那个被抛弃的男孩在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。
(4)写作能力提升
He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn't pass the exam.
①Abandoning himself to the Internet games，he didn't pass the exam.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Abandoned to the Internet games，he didn't pass the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) bricks of different ages.
reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
(教材原句)I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
拓展词：reflection n．[C]映像；反映；[U]反射；思考，考虑
(1)reflect...in在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon反省/思考某事
(2)be lost in reflection陷入深思中
on reflection再三考虑
(1)When I reflect on my schooldays，I realize how much easier things are for today's children.当我回想起我读书的日子，我意识到对当今的孩子们来说条件舒服得多了。
(2)The mountains were reflected(reflect)in the still water of the lake.群山倒映在平静的湖水中。
(3)单句语法填空
①She could see her face reflected (reflect) in the water.
②After long reflection (reflect) we decided to buy that house.
③She sat reflecting (reflect) on how much had changed since she had bought the farm.
④The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on before we act.
(4)写作能力提升
你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。
①Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.(reflect v．)
②Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your personality.(reflection n．)




aware adj.知道的；意识到的；察觉到的
(教材原句)The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens.我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
拓展词：awareness n．意识；认识 unaware adj.不知道的；没意识到的
(1)be/become aware of/that 知道；体会到……
make sb. aware of/that...使某人注意到……；提醒某人注意到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)develop an awareness of...培养……的意识
raise awareness提高认识
raise/strengthen one's awareness of提高/增强某人的……意识
(1)As far as I'm aware，the problem is easy to deal with.
就我而言，这个问题很容易处理。
(2)It is important that students develop an awareness of valuing parents' love.
重要的是学生们要逐渐懂得珍惜父母的爱。
(3)语境活用——用aware相关短语的适当形式填空
①As far as I am aware(据我所知)，many young junior students smoke.Maybe，they haven't ②become aware of (意识到) the harm smoking can bring about.So，their peers，parents and teachers should ③make them aware of (使他们意识到)the severe consequence of smoking.In my opinion，it's very important to ④develop an awareness of health (养成健康意识)now.
(4)单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware(awareness) how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.
②(2018·天津卷)If your awareness(aware) is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions.

help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
(教材原句)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
(1)help sb. with/(to)do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help yourself(to sth.) 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
(2)with the help of sb.＝with one's help在某人的帮助下
(1)I can't thank him too much，with the help of whom I have achieved my dream.
我十分感谢他，在他的帮助下我实现了自己的梦想。
(2)语境活用
I promised my mother to help her with the housework.But after she went out，I couldn’t help playing (play) computer games.When I looked at the clock，I found my mother would be back in ten minutes，so I couldn’t help but ask my brother for help.At last，with the help of him，I was helped (help) out.我答应我妈妈要帮她做家务。等她出门后，我却情不自禁地玩起了电脑。当我看钟的时候，发现我妈妈再过10分钟就回来了。我只能求我弟弟帮忙。在他的帮助下，我终于摆脱了困境。
(3)写作能力提升
As a student，I have to face a lot of challenges.
→As a student，I can't help but face a lot of challenges.
hold up延误；耽搁；阻挡；拦截，抢劫
(教材原句)．..and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.
……当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳托着詹姆斯。
(1)hold back阻止；抑制；隐瞒(消息等)；扣住
hold off(使)疏远或避开；拖延；推迟
hold on继续；抓住……不放；坚持；(打电话)不挂断
hold out伸出，提出，提供；坚持，不退让；忍受
hold on to坚持；不放弃
(2)catch/get/take(a) hold of抓住；握住；拿着
(1)I will hold on to my dream and never give it up.
我要坚持自己的梦想，永不放弃。
(2)No one can hold back the wheel of history.
谁也无法阻挡历史的车轮。
(3)He was held back by his lack of English.
他不懂英语，这阻碍了他的发展。
(4)用适当的介词填空
①They managed to hold on until help arrived.
②They were ready to hold out a friendly hand.
③The police were unable to hold back the crowd.
④Could you hold on？I'll just see if the manager's in.

　As we drew closer，I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正被其他6条虎鲸袭击。
“see a whale being attacked”看到一条鲸鱼正在被袭击，句中“being attacked”为v.-ing形式的被动形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。
being done除了作宾语补足语表示被动和正在进行外，还有以下句法功能：
①作后置定语，表示被动和正在进行；
②作宾语，表示被动；
③作主语，表示被动。
(1)Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.
在家听音乐是一回事，而现场听音乐会又是另一回事了。(被动且进行的动作)
(2)Usually at the beginning of school，the noise of desks being opened(open) and closed could be heard out in the street.
通常，在开始上课时，在街上都能听到打开和关上书桌的声音。(被动且进行的动作)
(3)I could do whatever I wanted to do without being interrupted(interrupt)by the outside world.
我可以不受外界干扰做任何我想做的事。(只表被动不表进行的动作)
(4)单句语法填空
①The building being built(build) is a supermarket.
②Being left (leave) alone at home made him sad.
③I saw a boy being beaten (beat) by a middle-aged woman.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The lake is so shallow(浅的)that no boat can go on it.
2．Many artists fled(逃跑)to America at the beginning of the World WarⅡ.
3．We had a splendid teacher，who could explain things so vividly (生动地)to us.
4．They live in the house abandoned(遗弃)by their grandparents many years ago.
5．Meantime(与此同时)，what our parents should do is give us more chances to improve our basic skills through small things.
6．As passers-by and I witnessed(目击)the accident，We rushed to the spot，rescued the wounded，and finally took them to the nearest hospital.
7．After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation(住宿)for the homeless families.
8．There stands an old school on the opposite(在……对面)side of the river.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They said that the baby had abandoned by its mother.had后加been
2．The manager had already been aware the problem.aware后加of
3．The driver witnessed having seen the man leaving the building.witnessed后加to
4．Reflected on her volunteer experience，Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.Reflected→Reflecting
5．When I first saw a real snake，I was scared death.scared后加to
6．The bus held up by the snowstorm，causing the delay.bus后加was
7．We see more and more ancient buildings destroyed now.building后加being
8．It is of great urgent that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping.urgent→urgency
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters，they never harmed 1.or attacked people.In fact，they protected 2.them.There was one day 3.when we were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George,4.shouting (shout) loudly.
The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat.The waves were carrying James further and further away from us.From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of 5.being abandoned (abandon) by us.Then suddenly I saw a shark.“Look，there’s a shark out there，”I screamed.“Don’t worry，Old Tom won’t let it near，”Red 6.replied (reply).7.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being 8.firmly (firm) held up in the water by Old Tom.I couldn’t believe my eyes.
There were shouts of“Well done，Old Tom”and“Thank God”as we pulled James back 9.into the boat.And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where 10.the other killers were still attacking the whale.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflect on the day.It is a day of a pure magic！I went snorkeling on the reef offshore this morning.Seeing so extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.It was like discover a whole new dimension of life.The first thing I became aware was all the vivid colors surrounded me.And the fish didn’t seem to mind myself swimming among them.However，there were other creature that I don’t want to get too close to.How a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!
答案：
I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and on the day.It is a day of a pure magic！I went snorkeling on the reef offshore this morning.Seeing extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.It was like a whole new dimension of life.The first thing I became aware was all the vivid colors me.And the fish didn’t seem to mind swimming among them.However，there were other that I want to get too close to. a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．通过望远镜我目睹了一只鲨鱼被遗弃。
2．我恐惧地看到一些鲨鱼对它大叫，而一些鲨鱼则把它拽到深海。
3．没有其他鲨鱼来帮助它摆脱困境。
4．这件事对我触动很大，我体会到了生活的残酷。
I witnessed that a shark was abandoned by his relations through a telescope.I was scared to see some sharks were yelling at it，while some were dragging it into the depths of sea.No others were helping it out.It touched me a lot and made me realize that life was so cruel.