专题八 情态动词&非谓语动词-2021中考英语语法专题训练

专题训练八 情态动词&非谓语动词

一、情态动词
　命题点一　基本用法
1. can/can't表“(不)能、(不)会”；may表“请求”。
must“必须”/mustn't“禁止”。
need“必须，必要”/needn't“不必”。
2. must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答：
needn't或don't have to。
3. may引导的一般疑问句，常用回答：
can或can't。
(　　)1. (中考·上海)A good friend is someone you ________ share your pleasure and pain with.
A. ought　　 　B. need　　　C. can　　 　D. must
(　　)2. (中考·天津)—Mum, ________ I play football this afternoon?
—Sure, but you ________ finish your homework first.
A. may; could B. can; must
C. can; mustn't D. may; can't
(　　)3. (中考·重庆A卷)—Must we finish the work today?
—________. We have something else to do tomorrow.
A. Yes, we can B. No, we can't
C. Yes, we must D. No, we needn't
(　　)4. (中考·河南)—You look very pretty, if I ________ say so.
—Thanks a lot for saying that.
A. must B. may C. will D. have to
(　　)5. (中考·安徽)Please don't make so much noise. I________ hear the speaker very well.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. shouldn't
(　　)6. (中考· 江西)You ________ take me to the station. My brother's taking me.
A. can't B. mustn't
C. shouldn't D. don't have to
(　　)7. (中考·广东)—Mum, ________ I visit the Modern Art
Museum next Monday?
—I'm afraid you can't. All the museums in this city are closed on Monday.
A. would B. need C. should D. may
(　　)8. (中考·大连)We need clean air and water, so we ________ protect the environment.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
(　　)9. (中考·沈阳)—What should we do to protect the fish in the river?
—We ________ throw rubbish into the river.
A. need B. needn't C. must D. mustn't
(　　)10. (中考·苏州)—What does Justin Bieber's song Never Say Never impress you most?
—It tells us that we ________ do almost anything if we never give up.
A. can B. have to C. should D. need
(　　)11. (中考·无锡)—We've got everything ready for the picnic.
—Do you mean I________ bring anything with me?
A. can't B. mustn't C. couldn't D. needn't
(　　)12. (中考·淮安)—Excuse me, ________ I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—Sorry, you can't. Just here, please.
A. must B. would C. may D. need
(　　)13. (中考·泰安)Rock music ________ sound popular with the young, but it's not the favor of the aged people.
A. must B. need C. should D. may
(　　)14. (中考·威海)—Must I wait here all morning? I have a lot of work to do.
—No, you________. You may be back in the afternoon.
A. mustn't 　　B. can't 　　　C. don't have to
(　　)15. (中考·株洲)The passengers ________ show their ID cards before getting on the plane.
A. might 　　　　B. must 　　　　　　　C. could
(　　)16. (中考·临沂)Students ________ enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school.
A. mustn't B. can't C. must D. can
(　　)17. (中考·扬州)—I hear you have a home robot.
—Yes, it's amazing. It ________ do all my housework.
A. must B. should C. could D. can
(　　)18. (中考·资阳)—Hi, madam. Can I take the story books out?
—No, my boy. They ________ be taken out of the reading­room. It's a rule.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. couldn't D. wouldn't
(　　)19. (中考·抚顺)—________ I borrow your dictionary?
—Sorry. I've left it at home.
A. Should B. Need C. Must D. Could
(　　)20. (中考·东营)—Excuse me, sir, visiting hours are over. You ________ leave.
—Pardon me, nurse. I didn't hear the bell.
A. may B. can C. must D. need
(　　)21. (中考·连云港)—Shall we take a car?
—No, we ________. It's only five minutes' walk.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. couldn't
(　　)22. (中考·泰州)—Could I smoke here?
—Sorry. I am afraid you ________. Look at the sign “No smoking”！
A. couldn't B. needn't C. can't D. won't
(　　)23. (中考·齐齐哈尔)—Hi, you ________ walk on the grass.
—Sorry, I ________ do it again.
A. can't, will 　　B. needn't, won't 　　　　　C. mustn't, won't
　命题点二　表推测
1. 肯定推测：must“一定”。　　　　
2. 否定推测：can't“一定不”。
3. 可能推测：may/might(not)“可能(不)”。
(　　)1. (中考·长沙)—Finally, they came back.
—They ________ be hungry after such a long walk.
A. can't 　　　　B. must 　　　　　　　C. needn't
(　　)2. (中考·武汉)—I still haven't found my pet dog.
—I'm sorry to hear that. You ________ be very sad.
A. can B. should C. must D. will
(　　)3. (中考·福州)—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs.Li?
—No. It ________ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.
A. mustn't 　　　　B. needn't 　　　　　　　C. can't
(　　)4. (中考·成都)—Is that man Mr.Zhang?
—It ________ be him. He went to Beijing for a meeting yesterday.
A. can't 　　　　B. mustn't 　　　　　　　C. needn't
(　　)5. (中考·呼和浩特)—Where are you going this month?
—We________ go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.
A. needn't B. might C. must D. mustn't
(　　)6. (中考·自贡)—Whose bike is this?
—I am not sure. It ________ be Mary's.
A. shall 　　　　B. must 　　　　　　　C. might
(　　)7. (中考·青岛)The girl in the classroom ________ be Sarah. She has gone to the library.
A. may B. must C. can't D. needn't
(　　)8. (中考·常德)—Is Tom coming by train?
—He ________ drive his car, I'm not sure.
A. can't 　　　　B. may 　　　　　　　C. must
(　　)9. (中考·岳阳)The sweater________ belong to Jim. It's much too large for him.
A. mustn't 　　　　B. can't 　　　　　　　C. needn't
(　　)10. (中考·甘肃通用卷)—Excuse me, is this the right way to the Children's Palace?
—Sorry, I'm not sure. But it ________ be.
A. mustn't B. might C. can't D. must
(　　)11. (中考·泉州)—What's wrong with Judy? She has been absent for two days.
—Oh, she ________ be ill. Let's go to ask Mr. Green.
A. may 　　　　B. need 　　　　　　　C. would
(　　)12. (中考·咸宁)—Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year?
—It ________ him. He has retired(退役)since April 13.
A. can't be B. mustn't be C. must be D. can be
二、非谓语动词
(　　)1. (中考·上海)After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review
for her school newspaper.
A. read　　　B. reads C. to read D. reading 　
(　　)2. (中考·上海)I can't tell you what she said. I've promised________ it a secret.
A. keep　 　　B. to keep　 　C. keeping　 　D. kept
(　　)3. (中考·天津)I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ________ me to watch an opera.
A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking
(　　)4. (中考·重庆A卷)You should ask Bob________ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.
A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash
(　　)5. (中考·重庆B卷)Taiji is my favourite and I often play it ________ healthy.
A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept
(　　)6. (中考·河南)The boss asked Tim to go and ________ out if there was anyone else absent.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
(　　)7. (中考·广东)Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting ________ an Oscar and finally he made it.
A. to win B. winning
C. not to win D. not winning
(　　)8. (中考·南京)—Have you read the book Jane Eyre?
—Yes. It's a famous book and really worth ________．
A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. read
(　　)9. (中考·兰州)The fridge doesn't work. Why not consider ________ a new one?
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
(　　)10. (中考·兰州)—Are you going swimming this afternoon?
—I'd rather ________ with you.
A. to go shopping B. go shoping
C. to go shoping D. go shopping
(　　)11. (中考·长沙)—Jane's spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices ________ it both in and out of class.
A. spoke 　　B. to speak 　　　　C. speaking
(　　)12. (中考·呼和浩特)—I tried to make Alice ________ her mind but I found it difficult.
—Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past.
A. changed; do B. changes; doing
C. change; to do D. change; doing
(　　)13. (中考·苏州)Our teacher often advises us ________ the habit of making notes while reading.
A. to develop B. develop
C. to developing D. developing
(　　)14. (中考·南充)My parents don't allow me ________ late.
A. stay up B. to stay up C. stays up D. staying up
(　　)15. (中考·青岛)We have worked so long. Shall we stop ________ a rest?
A. have B. to having C. having D. to have
(　　)16. (中考·临沂)These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people ________ shark fins in order to protect sharks.
A. eat B. to eat C. not eat D. not to eat
(　　)17. (中考·十堰)Two disabled men from Hebei Province (one is blind and the other has no arms) have spent over ten years ________ trees together.
A. plant B. plants C. planting D. planted
(　　)18. (中考·邵阳)She said she hoped________ her daughter.
A. to see 　　　　B. you to see 　　　　　　　C. seeing
(　　)19. (中考·黄石)Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here, but it will still take us a few hours ________ there by bike.
A. getting B. to get C. got D. get
(　　)20. (中考·郴州)—Why are you so excited?
—Nancy invited me ________ on a trip to Dongjiang Lake just now.
A. to go 　　　　B. go 　　　　　　　C. going
(　　)21. (中考·宜宾)It's getting dark. You'd better________ out by yourself. It's dangerous.
A. not go 　　　　B. not to go 　　　　　　　C. to go
(　　)22. (中考·阜新)A lot of students enjoy ________ with each other to solve the problems in class.
A. discuss B. discussing C. to discuss D. discussed
(　　)23. (中考·眉山)He realized that Americans can hardly avoid ________ products made in China.
A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought
(　　)24. (中考·天水)There was so much noise outside that the teacher couldn't make herself ________．
A. hear B. heard C. to hear D. hearing
(　　)25. (中考·内江)Bad luck! The film star had her leg ________ while playing a part in a film.
A. to break B. breaking C. break D. broken
(　　)26. (中考·乐山)Tom, please remember ________ the lights when you leave.
A. turn off 　　B. turning off 　　　　C. to turn off
(　　)27. (中考·荆门)—Would you like to go swimming in the river, John?
—Swim? Sorry, our teachers always tell us ________ in the river alone.
A. don't swim B. to not swim
C. not swimming D. not to swim
(　　)28. (中考·徐州)David said that the glass was broken and warned me ________ it.
A. don't touch B. to not touch
C. not to touch D. no touching
(　　)29. (中考·镇江)Our country encourages more students ________ football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play
(　　)30. (中考·攀枝花)Tom has decided ________ a part­time job after he graduates from school.
A．do B. to do C. did D．doing
(　　)31. (中考·株洲)The Chinese team are working hard ________ honors in the 2016 Olympic Games.
A. to win 　　　　B. win 　　　　C. winning
(　　)32. (中考·咸宁)—What does the sign mean?
—It tells us ________ in pubilc.
A. didn't smoke B. don't smoke
C. not to smoke D. not smoke
(　　)33. (中考·天水)The man drew a series of pictures about WeChat ________ how to use this software.
A. to show B. showed
C. shows D. to showing
(　　)34. (中考·荆门)—My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather ________ the old bike than ________ a new one.
A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buy
C. repair; buy D. to repair; to buy
(　　)35. (中考·齐齐哈尔)After dinner, he used to ________ computer games, but now he gets used to ________．
A. play, walk 　　B. playing, walking 　　　　　C. play, walking
(　　)36. (中考·齐齐哈尔)We feel like ________ some food and drink because we'll invite some friends________ in a party.
A. buying, to join 　　B. to buy, joining 　　　　C. buying, join
(　　)37. (中考·巴中)Tina is busy ________ at school, but she never forgets ________ her mother every day.
A. work; to call 　　B. working; to call 　　　　C. working; calling
(　　)38. (中考·来宾)It is necessary for us students ________ the listening ability.
A. to improve B. improving C. improve D. improves
(　　)39. (中考·绥化)It's our duty ________ our hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it.
A. keeping 　　　　B. keeps 　　　　　　　C．to keep
参考答案

一、情态动词

考点一 基本用法
1. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：一个好朋友就是和你一起分享你的快乐和悲伤的人。ought应该；need需要；can能，可以；must必须。根据句意可知好朋友就是能一起分享快乐和悲伤的。故选C。
2. 2. B【解析】考查情态动词的基本用法。句意“妈妈，今天下午我踢足球吗？”“当然，但是你先完成你的家庭作业。”may可能，比can更委婉；could能；can可以；must必须；mustn't不许；can't不可能。第一空表示请求，许可，第二空表示必须，故选B。
3. C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意“我们必须在今天完成此项工作吗？”“。我们明天还有别的事情要做。”由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。根据答语“我们明天还有别的事情要做”可知，我们今天必须做完此项工作。故选C。
4. B【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意“你看起来很漂亮，如果我这么说。”“谢谢你那么说。”must必须；may或许，可以；will将要；have to不得不。表示(礼貌地评价或提问等)可以，用may。故选B。
5. C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：请不要发出太多的噪音。我听见演讲者说话了。needn't不必；mustn't不允许，禁止；can't不能；shouldn't不应该。既然噪音太大，那肯定不能够听到演讲者说话了。故选C。
6. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你带我去火车站，我哥哥带我去。can't不能；mustn't不准，禁止；shouldn't不应该；don't have to不必。根据句意可知不必带我去。故选D。7. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“妈妈，我在下个星期一参观现代艺术博物馆吗？”“恐怕不能。这个城市的所有博物馆在星期一都不营业。”would将要；need需要；should应该；may可以，表示有礼貌的请求。根据语境及后面的答语“you can't”可知选D。
8. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我们需要清洁的空气和水，因此我们保护环境。can能，能够；may可以，可能；must必须，一定；might可能。根据前半句可知此处指我们必须保护环境。故选C。
9. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我们应该做什么来保护河里的鱼？”“我们往河里扔垃圾。”need需要；needn't不需要；must必须；mustn't禁止。此处表示禁止，用mustn't。故选D。
10. A【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意“贾斯汀·比伯的歌Never Say Never给你最深的印象是什么？”“它告诉我们如果我们从不放弃，我们几乎做任何事。”can能够，表示个人的能力；have to不得不；should应该；need需要。根据句意，体现主语的能力。故选A。11. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我们已经准备了用于野餐的所有用品。”“你的意思是我带任何东西吗？”can't不能，不可能；mustn't禁止，不许；couldn't是can't的过去式；needn't不需要。由句意可知，needn't符合逻辑。故选D。
12. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“打扰了，我把这本杂志带出阅览室吗？”“抱歉，你不能。只能在这里(阅读)。”must必须，表示命令；would愿意；may可以；need需要。根据答语“Sorry, you can't.”可知问句是征求对方许可，用may。故选C。
13. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：摇滚音乐听起来很受青年人的喜爱，但是不受老年人的青睐。must一定；need 需要；should 应该；may 也许，可能。根据“sound”可知此处表推测，且前后两个分句表转折，可知摇滚乐或许在年轻人中受欢迎。故选D。
14. C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意“我必须在这儿等一早上吗？我还有许多工作要做。”“不，你。你可以在下午回来。”mustn't 禁止；can't 不可以；don't have to 不必。以must提问的一般疑问句，其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to。故选C。
15. B【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：乘客在登机之前出示他们的身份证。might 或许，可能；must 必须；could 能够。根据常识，乘客在登机前必须出示身份证。故选B。
16. B【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：如果学生们待在家里而不是去学校，他们享受丰富多彩的学校生活。mustn't禁止；can't不可能；must必须；can可以。根据前半句“study at home”和 “going to school”的对比，可知空格处表示“不能享受学校生活”。故选B。
17. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我听说你有一个家庭机器人。”“是的，很令人惊奇。它做所有的家务。”must必须；should应该；could可以，能够，can的过去式；can可以，能够。根据句意判断，此处语境表达机器人的能力，由句子为一般现在时知，横线处也应为一般现在时。故选D。
18. A【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：“嗨，女士。我可以把这些故事书带出去吗？”“不，孩子。它们被带出阅览室。这是规定。”mustn't禁止，不准；needn't不必，不需要；couldn't不能；wouldn't不会，不能。根据答句中的“It's a rule.”可知，书“禁止”被带出去。故选A。19. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我借你的词典吗？”“对不起，我把我的词典落在家里了。”Should应该；Need需要；Must必须；Could可以，可能。根据对话语境可知是想向对方借东西，此处表示委婉的请求应用Could I．..？句型，故选D。
20. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：“对不起，先生。探望时间结束了，您 离开了。”“请原谅，护士。我没有听到铃声。”may可以；can能，可以；must必须；need需要。由前半句“visiting hours are over”可知必须离开。故选C。
21. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我们能坐汽车吗？”“不，我们，步行只有5分钟的路程。”can't 不能；mustn't 不允许；needn't 不需要；couldn't 不能。根据答语提供的信息知，步行只花费5分钟，因此乘汽车是不需要的。故选C。
22. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意“我可以在这里吸烟吗？”“对不起，恐怕你。看那个标志‘禁止吸烟’！”couldn't不能，语气较为委婉；needn't不必；can't不能，不可以，表示不能做某事；won't将不，不愿意。从“Sorry”以及“No smoking”可知，这里不能吸烟。could提问，肯定回答用can，否定回答用can't。故选C。
23. C【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意“你 在草地上走。”“抱歉，我 这样做了。”can't不能；needn't 不需要；mustn't禁止。首先排除B项。由于这一动作是不会再发生了，应该用won't。故选C。
考点二 表推测
1. B【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“他们终于回来了。”“走了如此长一段路，他们饿了。”can't不可能，表否定推测；must必须，一定，表肯定推测；needn't不必要。根据“after such a long walk”可知此处表示肯定推测，故选B。
2. C【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“我仍没有找到我的宠物狗。”“听到那个消息我很伤心。你非常难过。”can能，可以；should应该；must必须，一定；will将。根据是上句“我仍没有找到我的宠物狗。”可知对方一定很难过。故选C。
3. C【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“看那位穿红衣服的年轻女士，是李女士吗？”“不是， 是她。她今天穿着一件白色的连衣裙。” mustn't禁止；needn't不必；can't不可能。根据答语的后半句“She is wearing a white dress today.”可知那个人不可能是李女士，故选C。
4. A【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“那个男人是张先生吗？”“是他。他昨天去北京开会了。”can't 不可能；mustn't禁止；needn't不需要。根据“他昨天去北京开会了”可知那个人不可能是他。故选A。
5. B【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“这个月你们要去哪里？”“我们去厦门，但是还不确定。”needn't 不需要；might或许，有可能； must一定，肯定； mustn't不允许，禁止。根据答语中的“还不确定”可知此处表示“可能去厦门”。故选B。
6. C【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“这辆自行车是谁的？”“我不确定。它是玛丽的。”shall用于提出或征求意见，常和第一人称的代词连用；must一定；might也许。由前句“I'm not sure.”可知这里是表可能推测。故选C。
7. C【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：教室中的这个女孩是萨拉。她已经去图书馆了。may可能，表示可能推测；must必须，一定，表示肯定猜测；can't不可能，表示基于客观事实的否定推测；needn't不必。根据“She has gone to the library.”可知前半句表否定推断，故选C。
8. B【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“汤姆是坐火车来的吗？”“他开他的车来的，我不确定。”can't 不可能，表示否定推测；may 可能，表示不确定推测；must 一定是，表示肯定推测。根据“I'm not sure.”可知这里表示不确定的猜测，故选B。
9. B【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：这件毛衣属于吉姆。这对于他来说太大了。mustn't 禁止；can't 不可能，表示否定推测；needn't 不需要。根据“It's much too large for him.”可知这件毛衣不可能是吉姆的。故选B。
10. B【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“打扰一下，这是去少年宫的路吗？”“对不起，我不确定。但它是吧。”mustn't不可以(表禁止)；might或许；can't不能；must必须。根据语境可知答话者也不确定，因此用“might”表示可能性猜测，表示可能性比may还小。故选B。
11. A【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“朱迪怎么了？她缺席两天了。”“哦，她生病了。我们去问一下格林先生吧。”may可能；need需要；would将会。根据语境可知，此处表示不太确定。故选A。
12. A【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意“你认为科比今年会被选为最有价值球员吗？”“他。自从4月13日他就已经退役了。”can't不可能；mustn't禁止；must一定；can可能。根据下句中的“He has retired(退役) since April
13. ”可知他不可能再被选了，故选A。

二、非谓语动词

1. D【解析】考查动名词。句意：爱丽丝读完这个故事后，她为校报写了一个评论。finish doing sth.结束做某事，固定搭配，故选D。
2. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我不能告诉你她说了什么。我已经发誓保守秘密。promise to do sth.许诺做某事，故选B。
3. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我想看京剧，因此玲玲主动提出带我去看一场京剧。offer to do sth.主动提出做某事，固定结构，故选C。
4. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你应该要求鲍勃洗他自己的衣服。他现在十岁了。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，故选D。
5. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：太极是我的最爱，我经常通过打太极来保持健康。根据句意，打太极的目的是保持健康。动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
6. A【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意：老板让蒂姆去查清是否有别的人缺席。根据句子可知，此处and连接两个并列动词不定式，第二个to省略。故选A。
7. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥， 一位著名的美国演员，总是期望获得奥斯卡金奖，最后他做到了。 expect (not)to do sth.期望(不)做某事。根据语境应该是期望获得奥斯卡金奖。故选A。
8. B【解析】考查动名词。句意“你读过《简·爱》这本书吗？”“是的。它是一本著名的书，真的值得读。”be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”。故选B。
9. D【解析】考查动名词。句意：这个冰箱不运行了，为什么不考虑买一台新的呢？consider doing sth.考虑做某事，故选D。
10. D【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意“今天下午你去游泳吗？”“我宁愿和你去购物。”would rather do sth.宁愿做某事。shop的ing形式应该双写p。故选D。
11. C【解析】考查动名词。句意“简的英语口语相当不错。”“是的，她学得很努力并且在课内外都练习说英语。”practice doing sth.练习做某事。故选C。
12. D【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式及现在分词。句意“我努力让爱丽丝改变她的主意，但是我发现这是困难的。”“是的，当我走过的时候我看见你正在做。”make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，排除A、B两项；see sb. doing看见某人在做某事，表示动作正在进行。故选D。
13. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们老师经常建议我们培养读书时记笔记的习惯。advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”。故选A。
14. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我的父母不允许我熬夜很晚。根据固定搭配“allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事”可知用不定式。故选B。
15. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们已经工作这么久了。我们停下来休息一下好吗？根据前半句“We have worked so long”可知表示停下工作去休息。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。故选D。
16. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这些人穿着血腥的鲨鱼服。他们告诉人们为了保护鲨鱼不要吃鱼翅。tell sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。根据语境可知不要吃鱼翅。故选D。
17. C【解析】考查动名词。句意：两个来自河北省的残疾人(一个是盲人，另一个没有双臂)花了十年多时间一起种树。sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.表示“某人花费一段时间做某事”，故选C。
18. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她说她希望见她的女儿。hope to do sth. 希望做某事。故选A。
19. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：小雷山离这里不远，但骑自行车到那里仍然要花费我们几个小时的时间。固定句式it takes /took ＋sb. ＋时间＋to do sth.，做某事花费某人时间，后跟动词不定式作句子的真正主语，故选B。
20. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意“你为什么如此兴奋？”“刚才南希邀请我去东江湖旅行。”invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，故选A。
21. A【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意：天黑了，你最好不要独自出门了，那太危险了。had better not do sth.最好不做某事。故选A。
22. B【解析】考查动名词。句意：很多学生喜欢在课堂上互相讨论来解决问题。enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，故选B。
23. C【解析】考查动名词。句意：他意识到美国人几乎不能避免购买中国制造的产品。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，故选C。
24. B【解析】考查过去分词。句意：外面的噪音太大了以至于老师无法让自己的声音被听到。make＋sb.＋done，表示“使某人被……”，根据语境及选项可知是使自己被听到，用过去分词heard。故选B。
25. D【解析】考查过去分词。句意：真倒霉！这位影星在一部电影中扮演角色时弄伤了腿。根据语境可知，腿是被弄伤的。have ＋sth. ＋done，意为“某物被……”，故选D。
26. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：汤姆，当你离开时，请记得关灯。remember to do sth.记住要去做某事(未做)；remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)。根据句意可知，汤姆还没有离开，所以关灯这件事还没有做。故选C。
27. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意“约翰，你想去河里游泳吗？”“游泳？对不起，我们的老师总是告诉我们不要独自到河里游泳。”根据常识可知，老师总是告诉我们不要独自去河里游泳。tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人去做某事，其否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth.。故选D。
28. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：大卫说玻璃碎了，告诫我不要碰它。warn sb.(not) to do sth.意为“告诫/警告某人(不要)做某事”，根据句意可知他告诫我不要触摸碎了的玻璃，故选C。
29. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们国家鼓励更多的学生踢足球。现在很多足球俱乐部已经在学校被建立起来。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事，故选C。
30. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：汤姆决定在毕业后做一份兼职工作。decide to do sth. 决定做某事。故选B。
31. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了在2016奥林匹克运动会中赢得荣誉，中国队正在努力训练。动词不定式在句中作目的状语，表示“为了”。故选A。
32. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意“这个标志的意思是什么？”“它告诉我们在公共场合不要吸烟。”tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事。题中图标意为“禁止吸烟”，故选C。
33. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这个男子画了一系列关于微信的图片，为了展示如何去使用这个软件。根据句意可知需用to show作目的状语，故选A。
34. C【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意“我叔叔反对浪费任何东西。”“难怪他宁愿修旧自行车，也不愿买一辆新的。”would rather do than do 宁愿……也不愿……，为固定用法。故选C。
35. C【解析】考查动词不定式及动名词。句意：晚饭后，他过去常玩电脑游戏，但是现在他习惯于散步。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”；get used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，故选C。
36. A【解析】考查动名词及动词不定式。句意：我们想要买一些食物和饮料，因为我们要邀请一些朋友来聚会。feel like doing sth.想要做某事；invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。故选A。
37. B【解析】考查动名词及动词不定式。句意：蒂娜在学校忙着学习，但她从未忘记每天去给她妈妈打电话。be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”，forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”。根据句意可知选B。
38. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：对于我们学生来说提高听力技巧是有必要的。此处考查固定句型It's ＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.，对于某人来说做某事是……的。故选A。
39. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：保持我们的家乡干净又漂亮是我们的职责。我们必须为此做一些事情。It's one's duty ＋to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。不定式作真正的主语，故选C。