2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第二册　Unit 1 Science and Scientists

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第二册　Unit 1 Science and Scientists，共14页。


教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
2．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌
3．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
4．epidemilgy n．流行病学
5．vaccine n．疫苗
6．aerspace n．航空航天工业
7．patritic adj.爱国的
8．cntradictry adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
9．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
10．husehld n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
11．interventin n．介入；出面；干涉
12．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
13．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
14．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
15．micrscpe n．显微镜
16．prtein n．蛋白质
17．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房
18．virus n．病毒
19．framewrk n．框架；结构
20．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
21．rainbw n．彩虹
22．cncrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
23．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
24．astrnmer n．天文学家
25．telescpe n．望远镜
26．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
27．aviatin n．航空制造业；航空；飞行
28．jet n．喷气式飞机
29．missile n．导弹
30．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
31．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
32．astrnmy n．天文学
33．furthermre adv.此外；再者
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
7．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
8．transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
9．thinking n．思想；思维；见解
10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
11．slid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
12．shadw n．阴影；影子；背光处
13．pur vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
14．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
15．utstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
16．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要
17．cncept n．概念；观念
18．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
19．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
20．fault n．弱点；过错
21．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
22．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．infectin n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染
2．prf n．证据；证明；检验→prve vt.证明 link v．证明是
3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初
5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫
6．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．nce and fr all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe t同意；赞同
3．thanks t幸亏；由于
4．break ut(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge f主管；掌管
6．cme dwn患(病)；染上(小病)
7．abve all最重要的是；尤其是
高频词汇来助力
1．idim n．习语；成语
2．ignre vt.忽视
3．illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
4．immediately adv.立即
5．immigratin n．移民
6．imprt vt.& n．进口；输入
7．impressin n．印象；感觉
8．incrrect adj.不正确的；错误的
经典句式需悟通
1．Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld，until a British dctr，Jhn Snw，shwed hw it culd be vercme.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days.
他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Accrdingly，he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
4．Brn in Hangzhu in 1911，Qian attended schls in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jia Tng University t study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。
5．He was willing t say what thers were afraid t say，and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut.
他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
2．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
3．vaccine n．疫苗
4．jet n．喷气式飞机
5．patritic adj.爱国的
6．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
7．furthermre adv.此外；再者
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共32分)
8．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
9．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
10．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
11．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
12．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
13．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
14．transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
15．slid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
16．shadw n．阴影；影子；背光处
17．pur vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
18．utstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
19．cncept n．概念；观念
20．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
21．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
22．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
23．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)
24．infectin n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染
25．prf n．证据；证明；检验→prve vt.证明 link v．证明是
26．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初
27．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫
28．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
29．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
30．ignre vt.忽视
31．illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
32．immediately adv.立即
33．imprt vt.& n．进口；输入
34．impressin n．印象；感觉
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分)
35．nce and fr all最终地；彻底地
36．subscribe t同意；赞同
37．thanks t幸亏；由于
38．break ut(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
39．in charge f主管；掌管
40．abve all最重要的是；尤其是
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共9分)
1．Judging frm what he said，I suspected him t be the thief stealing my electric bike.
2．Blamed by his teacher，the by was frustrated and culdn’t cncentrate n his study.
3．I’m ld enugh t handle my wn affairs withut my parents’ interventin.
4．The number f new students in this schl decreased frm 2,100 t 1,600 this year.
5．Years f hard wrk transfrmed the yung man int a pr weak ld man.
6．He subscribes(同意) t the view that children can benefit frm being independent.
7．As is knwn t us all，Lang Lang is a gifted(有天赋的) pianist and attracts lts f attentin at hme and abrad.
8．We thught it wuld make a difference in helping him step ut f the shadw(阴影) f that accident.
9．What impressed me mst was his vivid(生动的) descriptin f what happened just nw.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共8分)
10．With slid prf，the lawyer can certainly prve that he is inncent.(prve)
11．Initially，I entirely knew abut the initial steps they tk t create a better campus.(initial)
12．The traveler may fire at a wild beast in defence/defense(defend) f himself in case he is attacked.
13．He，an assistant，came t my assistance；that is t say，he assisted me in finishing the impssible task n time.(assist)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
14．如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。(until引导的时间状语从句)
If yu dn’t understand smething，yu may research，study and talk t ther peple until yu figure it ut.
15．每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。()
Keeping a learning diary every day is s imprtant that I wuld like t intrduce it t yu.
16．我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张照片。(have sth.dne)
I need a new passprt，s I will have t have my phtgraph taken.
17．由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(过去分词短语作状语)
Absrbed in painting，Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching.
18．我们老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。(宾语从句)
Our teachers always tell us t believe what we d and wh we are if we want t succeed.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Jhn Snw became 1.frustrated(frustrate) when a severe chlera hit Eurpe in the early 19th century.At that time n ne knew 2.hw t prevent r treat ，he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.After much research，Snw subscribed t the thery that chlera 4.was caused(cause) by an 5.infectin(infect) frm germs in fd r water.Snw began by 6.marking(mark) n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived.As 7.a result，Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water 8.carried(carry) chlera (accrding)，he had the handle f the pump 10.remved(remve) s that it culd nt be used.Thrugh this interventin，the disease was defeated.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分
eq \x(leadership，defend，fault，in charge f，brilliant)
The fllwing are tw great scientists.Qian Xuesen，a Chinese with “great scientific thught and scientific spirit”，was patritic and served his hmeland with effrt，achievement and devtin.He realised that China urgently needed its wn air frce t 1.defend the cuntry.S he returned t China in 1955 and was put 2.in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.Under Qian’s 3.leadership，China achieved a lt in bth aspects.What made Stephen Hawking frm the USA distinguished was that he was the champin f the big bang thery，which hlds that the universe began at a single pint in time and space.Nt nly was he 4.brilliant but als he was brave t admit his ，there is n dubt that bth Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking are utstanding scientists.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中subscribe t的汉语意思
(1)He subscribes t the view that we can tackle the severe prblem in this way nce and fr all.
赞成；同意
(2)This is the schl yur father subscribed t generusly in the past.捐助
(3)Using the mney I earned in the hliday，I have subscribed t several magazines recently.订阅
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。(应用文之人际关系)
All f us subscribe t the view that a gd parent-children relatinship is based n mutual understanding and respect.
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n．指责；责备
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He blamed his wife fr the failure f their marriage.
(2)He blamed the failure f their marriage n his wife.
(3)In his view，his wife is t blame(blame) fr the failure f their marriage.
再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵
(4)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(写作话题之人际交往)
When getting alng with thers，we shuldn’t always blame thers fr mistakes.After all，many times we are t blame.S instead f blaming thers，we shuld cmmunicate mre and put urselves in thers’ place.
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The law allws peple t defend themselves frm/against a charge.
(2)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed t defend his sn like an arrw.(defend)
②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence f his sn like an arrw.(defence)
in charge f负责/掌管(表状态)
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中charge的汉语意思
(1)The utstanding scientist is in charge f handling the matter.负责
(2)I will charge yu ne hundred yuan fr repairing yur cellphne.收费
(3)The plice charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the cmpany.控告
(4)The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phne.(给……)充电
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(5)作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。(应用文之活动安排)
①As chairman f the Student Assciatin，I was appinted t take charge f arranging all the activities during yur stay in Tianjin.(take charge f)
②As chairman f the Student Assciatin，I was appinted t be in charge f arranging all the activities during yur stay in Tianjin.(in charge f)
cme dwn (with...)染上；得了(……病)
能力提升——根据句意用cme短语的正确形式填空
(1)Please tell me hw the accident came abut.
(2)My assistant’s first nvel came ut，which made me prud f him.
(3)When it cmes t English learning，I have the fllwing practical suggestins t share.Firstly，when yu cme acrss unfamiliar wrds，dn’t always refer t the dictinary.Furthermre，when teachers’ questins cme up in class，yu shuld try t cme up with answers.Lastly，if yu fail，yu must say t yurself，“Cme n！”(应用文之建议信)
abve all最重要的是；首先
能力提升——根据句意用all短语的正确形式填空
(1)The university I recmmend t yu is Beijing Language and Culture University.First f all/Abve all，yu’d better learn sme basic Chinese befre yu cme.After all，yu will be under cmpletely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying fr a degree in a different culture is nt easy at all.(应用文之推荐信)
(2)Thanks t yur timely help，I managed t handle fur prblems in all.
until引导的时间状语从句
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld，until a British dctr，Jhn Snw，shwed hw it culd be vercme.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
能力提升——完美写作·单句写作/一句多译·背诵
(1)我将一直努力直到实现梦想。
I will keep trying until I realize my dream.
(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)
①I wasn’t aware that bad frtune might be the dr waiting t be pened until I experienced the accident.
②Nt until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad frtune might be the dr waiting t be pened.(倒装句)
③It was nt until I experienced the accident that I was aware that bad frtune might be the dr waiting t be pened.(强调句)

He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)This is s abstract a cncept that we can’t understand it.
＝This is such an abstract cncept that we can’t understand it.
(2)Mzart was s gifted in music that he cmpsed many utstanding wrks.
(3)They are such little bys and eat s little fd that we all lve them very much.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①He was s nervus that he felt his tngue tied and palms sweating.
②S nervus was he that he felt his tngue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
have sth.dne
Accrdingly，he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Our math teacher had us hand(hand) in ur hmewrk befre 9 p．m every day.
(2)Dn’t wrry.I’ll have the article typed(type) and get smene t send it t yu tmrrw.
(3)He culd nt have her getting(get) away with telling peple lies.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
We began t help pick peaches and then had them delivered t the farmers’ huses.
(5)既然你已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。
Nw that yu have realized that yur time is limited，yu must study harder t have yur gal achieved.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The research lacks slid prf，and therefre，its cnclusins are dubtful.可靠的
2．It’s my turn t be n the night shift.轮班
Ⅱ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
handle
eq \x(A.vt.处理 B.v.操纵 C.n.把手 D.vt.用手触、碰、拿)
1．Dn’t handle the vase as if it were made f steel. D
2．Driving a car is nt just handling cntrls and judging speed and distance. B
3．Tea in China was traditinally drunk frm cups withut handles. C
4．We must learn t handle cnflicts calmly and wisely. A
Ⅲ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It is said that if yu are infected by the virus，yu can get treated free f charge.
2．I have t say in her defence that she shuldn’t be suspected f cmmitting the mistake.
3．She listened，shifting(shift) nervusly frm ne ft t anther.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
4．When she saw her effrts paid ff，tears f happiness pured(pur) dwn Jane’s cheeks.
(读后续写之喜乐心理描写)
5．What made the assistant annyed was that he was suspected(suspect) f stealing his mney.
6．Life can be great when yu are nt busy finding fault with it.
7．Unfrtunately，the utstanding astrnmer came dwn with a severe illness.
8．Yellw is linked t/with cnfidence，self-respect and friendliness.
9.Initially，all f them subscribed(subscribe) t my plan，but later they changed their minds.
10．All f them blamed the mistake n me，which made me quite frustrated.
Ⅳ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(应用文之道歉信)
1．我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(have sth.dne)
I’m srry t have yur dictinary lst n my way hme.
2．我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(的倒装句)
S ashamed was I that I culdn’t sleep well at night.
3．直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(的强调句型)
It was nt until I gt the dictinary back that I wuld feel cmfrtable.
4．但是，我没有找到词典，我既沮丧又失望。(过去分词短语作状语)
But I didn’t find the dictinary，frustrated and disappinted.
5．现在我必须做的是我给你买一本全新的词典以表达我的歉意。(what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)
Nw what I must d is that I will buy yu a brand-new dictinary t express my aplgy.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：表语从句)
eq \x(blame，in charge f，link，cme dwn，handle，decrease)
Since the severe COVID-19 brke ut，many peple all ver the wrld have been infected.Chinese utstanding，gifted and patritic specialists in epidemilgy and their assistants have been 1.in charge f tracing the surce f the virus in rder t defend mre peple frm being killed.They desired t prduce vaccine t 2.handle the deadly disease nce and fr all.Initially，with cncrete prf cllected，they suspected that wild bats were t by bserving the virus with micrscpes，they gathered slid and multiple statistics and mastered the framewrk f the virus，which gradually transfrmed their initial thinking.All the findings made them subscribe t the idea that the virus was nt directly 4.linked t the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This als cast a shadw n the experts，s they had t shift twards hw t prevent the virus frm spreading amng peple.Abve all，the less we g ut，the less likely we will 5.cme dwn with the deadly disease.Furthermre，taking in less prtein and eating mre vegetables are gd chices as well.Last but nt least，what we shuld d is that we must wear masks utdrs.Thanks t these interventins，the threat f COVID-19 in China saw a substantial we have experienced has taught us t lead a healthy life such as drinking pure r biled water and avid raw fds.In cnclusin，under ur mtherland’s leadership，we have achieved steady success.
练基础——单句语法填空
1．The questin is whether he is t blame.
2．My advice is that yu shuld handle the prblem in a new way.
3．The fact was that he didn’t really try.
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
李华说一口流利的英语，好像他是美国本土人似的。这是因为他每天都和同学们练习说英语。这是他在介绍学习方法时所说的话。他的建议是我们应该抓住一切机会说英语。
Li Hua speaks fluent English as if he were a native American.This is because he practises speaking English every day with his classmates.This is what he said when intrducing his learning methds.His suggestin is that we shuld grasp every pprtunity t speak English.subscribe t同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)
be t blame (fr sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb.fr sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth.n sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
• (ding...) 保护……免受……
defend neself自卫；为自己辩护
•defence n．防御；保卫
in defence (f) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in ne’s defence为某人辩护
•charge n．费用；主管；看管；责任 v．收费；控诉；要价；指控；充电
•in the charge f由……来负责；被……掌管
take charge f负责/看管(表动作)
free f charge免费
•charge (sb.) fr sth.为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb.with (ding) sth.指控某人(做)某事
cme acrss(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
cme abut发生(无被动形式)
cme n加油；到来；得了吧
cme ut出版；结果是；(花)开放
when it cmes t...当谈及……
cme up走近；上来；被提及
cme up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)
after all毕竟；终究
first f all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all否定句一点也不；疑问句到底；究竟
•画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成结构。
•倒装结构：部分倒装“Nt until＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
•强调结构：It is/was nt until＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
•句型的常见形式：
s＋adj./adv.＋that...
s＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...
s＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...
•句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
•当s/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
have sth.dne使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sb.d sth.让某人做某事
have sb./sth.ding sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb.ding sth.不能容忍某人做某事
have sth.t d有事要做
技巧一点通
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。它常位于系动词be，seem，lk，feel，remain等之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。表语从句的引导词：从属连词that，whether，as if/thugh，because；连接代词what，which，wh；连接副词when，where，why，hw。