初中英语语法—非谓语动词(共73张PPT)

这是一份初中英语语法—非谓语动词(共73张PPT)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了热身练习， doing，动名词，此to 非彼to，小试牛刀，动词不定式，牛刀小试等内容，欢迎下载使用。

The ld men enjy______________ (listen) t the singing f the birds in the sister is interested in ____ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading bks C. listening music D. plays basketball3.Let me _____(help) yu ____ (water) the flwers.4. I saw him _______ int the small stre. A. went B. ging　 C. t g　 D. has gne5.He is gd at______. A. singing B. sing C. sings D. t sing
1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：
在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
We shuld serve the peple heart and sul.I am reading a nvel.
She fund English hard t learn.　Seeing is believing.　
Please stp speaking.
2.非谓语动词的特点
1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。
Yu ught t have been here yesterday.
2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
The Party called n us t serve the peple .
The students ran ut f the classrm, laughing happily .
非谓语动词分为三种形式:
不定式：t+动词原形 动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）
动词+ding 介词+ding
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习
enjy ding sth. 喜欢做某事 sth. 花费…做某事 be busy ding sth. 忙于做… imagine sb. ding sth. 想象…做某事 can't help ding sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like ding sth. 想要做某事 finish ding sth. 完成做某事 practice ding sth. 练习做某事
miss ding sth. 错过做某事 suggest ding sth. 建议做某事 keep (n) ding sth. 保持（继续）做某事 mind ding sth. 介意做某事 be wrth ding sth. 值得做某事 cnsider ding sth. 考虑做某事
错过建议保持介意值得考虑
be gd at ding sth 擅长做某事 be interested in ding sth. 对做某事感兴趣 be used fr ding sth. 被用来做某事 thank sb. fr ding sth. 谢谢某人做某事 be tired f ding sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid f ding sth. 害怕做某事
put ff ding 推迟做某事stp sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事give up ding sth. 放弃做某事withut ding sth. 没有做某事think abut ding sth. 考虑做某事What ∕ Hw abut ding 做某事怎么样?
此t 非彼t
lk frward t ding sth. （盼望） pay attentin t ding sth. （注意） be used t ding sth. （习惯于） prefer ding sth t ding sth.（更喜欢） devte t ding sth （致力于） make a cntributin t ding（做贡献）
1. Nw mre and mre peple are busy____abut the Internet. 　A. learn B. t learn C. learning D. learned 2.-It's t ht. Wuld yu mind _____the dr? 　-______. Please d it. 　A. t pen; OK B. pening; Certainly nt 　C. pening; Of curse D. t pen; Gd idea 3. N matter hw hard it is, we'll keep_____until we make it. 　A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying
4. -Are yu enjying_____in Ningb? 　 -Yes, we are. Very much. 　A. t live B. living C. lives D. lived 5．We culdn’t help _____(laugh) after we heard the funny stry A. t laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed
肯定式: t d否定式: nt t d省略t的: d
基本形式： t+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 t）
特点 ： A .没有人称和数的变化
C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 t be + 动词过去分词）
B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语
T learn a freign language is nt easy . = It’s nt easy t learn a freign language.
注意1：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。
注意2:不定式的逻辑主语：
不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。
I prmised Tm t play with him.I asked him t play with me.
（t play的逻辑主语是I）（t play的逻辑主语是him）
同一句型中不同介词的不同含义
It is + adj + fr sb t d sthIt is + adj + f sb t d sth
（fr 引出动作发出者）
（f 引出adj修饰的对象）
It is easy fr me t finish this wrk befre ten. It is a great hnr fr us t be present at yur birthday party.
It is very kind f yu t give me sme help.It's implite f yu t speak t the teacher like that.
注意：常用在f句型中的adj有：
kind, gd, nice, wise, unwise, clever, flish, careless, stupid, naughty (淘气的), plite, implite,silly, brave, hnest, nble，right, rude等
＝Yu are very kind t give me sme help.　
＝yu are implite t speak t the teacher like that.　
The imprtant thing is t finish the wrk n time .
动词+疑问词 + t d
动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +t d
常见动词有 agree,decide ,fail, hpe, wish , want, plan 等
I dn’t knw what t d .
I find it imprtant t learn English.
只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：
决定想做计划需要同意， 能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事
decide t d sth. 决定做某事 want∕wuld like t d sth. 想做某事 plan t d sth. 计划做某 need t d sth. 需要做某事 agree t d sth. 同意做某事 affrd t d 能做某事 be used t d 被用来做
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
can’t wait t d 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ne’s mind t d 下决心做某事 used t d 过去常常做某事 fail t d 未能做某事
D、动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词 + 宾语 +t d
动词 + 宾语 + d
Li Mei asked me t shw her the new dictinary .
注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allw,encurage,advise 等。
(不带 t 的不定式)
注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, ntice； 使役动词 have ,make,let.
接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：
请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
ask sb. t d sth. 请求某人做某事 tell sb. t d sth. 命令某人做某事
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
want sb. t d sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. t d sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. t d sth. 期待某人做某事 encurage sb. t d sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. t d sth. 建议某人做某事
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
prmise sb. t d 答应某人做某事 warn sb. nt t d sth. 告诫某人做某事 allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. t d sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (t) d sth. 帮助某人做某事
F、作定语：（必须后置）
I came here t see yu．We were very excited t hear the news．He hurried t the schl t find nbdy there . T lk at him，yu wuld like him．
I have sme bks fr yu t read.
注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
He is lking fr a rm t live in ．
There is nthing t wrry abut．
Please give me a knife t cut with．
G、不定式与疑问词wh，which，when，where , hw，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。
He didn't knw what t say.My questin is when t start．Hw t slve the prblem is very imprtant
(宾语)(表语) （主语）
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why nt开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带t。
Why nt have a rest?
动词不定式几点注意事项：
1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略t,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上t,
I always saw her play vilin .
He was made t wrk 12hurs a day.
动词不定式省略t的情况:
使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看：feel/ hear, listen t/ let, make, have, / lk at, see, watch, nticehad better（nt）d sth. 最好(不)做…why nt /why dn’t yu d sth 为什么不做…? help sb.（t）d sth 帮助某人做… Wuld rather （nt）d sth.宁愿(不)做… wuld yu please （nt）d sth. 请你(不)要做…情态动词+d 助动词+d
感官动词 see, watch, lk at, ntice, hear, listen t, feel
+ d表示动作的完整性，+ding 表示动作的进行性。注意：被动语态中不能省去t。
see sb. ding/ d sth.hear sb. ding/ d sth.watch sb. ding/ d sth.ntice sb. ding/ d sth.
stp ding/t d
stp t d　停下来去做另一件事，stp ding　停止正在做的某事。他们停下来吸烟。 They stp t smke.我必须戒烟了 I must stp smking.
frget t d忘记要去做某事，frget ding忘记做过某事。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）The light in the ffice is still n. He frgt t turn it ff. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） He frgt turning the light ff.
frget ding/t d
remember ding/t d
remember t d 记得去做某事remember ding 记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remember t g t the pst ffice after schl. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dn't yu remember seeing the man befre?
g n ding/t d
g n t d做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，g n ding　继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went n t d his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。G n ding ther exercises after yu have finished this ne.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
try ding/ t d sth.
try t d sth. 努力, 尽力做某事Althugh maths is difficult, I will try t study it .try ding sth. 试着做某事The machine culdn’t wrk. Let’s try repairing it.
2、动词不定式的否定形式为： nt + t d
Mr.Smith asked the by ___________(nt play) this kind f game.
Please have him __________(nt d) s much husewrk.
3、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have yu gt a key t unlck the dr? (A key unlcks the dr．)
4、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I have gt a letter t write．
(I write a letter．)
He needs a rm t live in．
(He lives in a rm．)
5、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了fr ne或fr peple．
He is hard t talk t．
The bk is difficult t understand．
The questin is easy t answer
两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：1.在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。2.在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。总之，现在分词表主动、进行；　　　过去分词表被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作定语、表语、状语和宾补，它们的具体区别如下：
  1. 现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping by is Tm. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：  Tell the children playing utside nt t make t much nise. = Tell the children wh are playing utside nt t make t much nise.
1.现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。 develping cuntry 发展中国家(正在发展的） develped cuntry 发达国家（已发展的） biling water沸水（正在沸腾的水） biled water 开水（已烧开了的水，可能已凉了） falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves 落叶(已落下的树叶）
现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；
2.现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。例如： a mving film 一部感人的电影 （主动） the mved peple 被感动的人们 （被动） 现在分词表示“令人感到…”，指主语和被修饰词给人的感觉，过去分词表示“感到…”，指主语和被修饰词的感觉。an exciting game 一场令人感到激动的比赛the excited peple 感到激动的人们
 He saw a ________ bird and raised his bw. A. fly B. flying  C. flew D. t be flying
分析： B 。表示正在进行的动作，句意是：正在飞的鸟。此处的 a flying bird ＝ a bird which was flying 。
I was satisfied with the _____ speech. A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. be excited
分析： B 。表示被修饰词 speech 的性质和特征，此处的 the exciting speech ＝ the speech that/which was exciting 。
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。　
1. -Hw did Bb d in the exams this time? 　-Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. t please2. -Hw did the audience receive the new play? 　-They gt very ____. A . excite B . excited C . Excitedly D . exciting
简析：首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之, 他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选C。
简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
现在分词与句子的宾语是主动关系，它所表示的动作往往正在进行；过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。
I fund them painting the windws. （现在分词表主动、进行）I fund the windws painted. （过去分词表被动、完成）
1. My mther ften asks me __ sme cleaning n Sundays A d B. des C. did D. t d 2. –D yu ften hear Jhn ___in his rm ? – Listen! Nw we can hear him __ in his rm . A. sing , t sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. t sing , singing
3. I watched her__in the next rm last night. A.dancing B. t dance C. dances D. dance4.Let’s ____swimming after the exam . A.g B. ges C. t g D. went5. Yu’d better ___a bus . A.t catch B. catch C. catches D. catching
1.I didn’t spend al the mney _______(buy) the bks.
2. D yu have anything ________(say) at the meeting?
3. Yesterday I saw a wallet ________(lie) n the grund .
4.The man ran ut ________(see) what was wrng .
5. She was ften heard _________(sing) in English.
6. Stp ________(read), please.I’ve smething t tell yu .
7. The by _______(call) Li Hua in the rm is his brther.
用所给词的正确形式填空
8. The girl __________(stand) under the tree is my cusin Kate.9. Bks __________ (write) in easy English are very ppular amng Chinese middle schl students.10. Why did yu keep yur brther __________ (wait) fr a lng time that evening?11. I prefer __________(read) bks at hme rather than __________(g) shpping n Sundays.12. He didn’t finish __________(write) the bk until last week.13. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, ________(help) him think f a freign name.
1.Martin lks s well. We’ve never seen him ____ s well befre. A. is lked B. is lking C. t lk D. lk2.My father has decided ____ because smking is bad fr his health. A. t stp t smke B. t stp smking C. stpping smking D. stp t smke3 It is kind ___ me t carry these bks. A. f yu helping B. fr yu t help C. f yu t help D. fr yu helping
4 —Wuld yu like ______ sme bread r biscuits? —N thanks. I dn’t feel like _____ anything nw. A. t have, eating B. t have, t eat C. having, t eat D. having, eating 5. — D yu remember me, Tm? — Ah, yes, I remembered _____ yu in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. t see D. seeing
6.We are interested in _______ t swim. A. study B. studying C. learn D. learning7.My grandfather wants _____arund the wrld because he enjys _____new places. A. traveling , seeing B. t travel , t see C. t travel, seeing D. traveling ,t see
8. Jack gives me a piece f paper___. A. t write B. t write n C. t write at D. t write in 9. Let’s make a fire _____ urselves up. A. t warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed10.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane ___ver my head. A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling
11. Thank yu fr us s well . A. t teach B. teaches C. taught D. teaching 12.   I ften d sme n Sundays. A. washed B. t wash C. washing D. washes13.   The by Jack in Class One is my brther. A. call B. t be called C. calling D. called14.  It ften takes me half an hur hme. A. walking B. t walk C. walked D. walks15.   Dn’t frget her clean water every day . A. t give B. giving C. given D. give
 16. I think it is imprtant English well . A. learning B. learn C. t learn D. learned 17. The funny stry made us all hard . A. laugh B. t laugh C. laughing D. laughed18.   Our teacher tld us hard at ur lessns . A. t wrk B. wrk C. wrking D. wrked19. Culd yu tell me this newspaper ? A. t read hw B. hw t read C. what t read D. what read
20. I dn’t knw next . A. what t d B. what t d it C. hw t d D. t hw d it21.  My hair is t lng , s I must have it this afternn. A.cut B. cuts C. cutting D. cutted22. Remember last fr class again . A. nt t B. be nt t C. nt t be D. nt t cme23.  Mr Smith asked the man the queue . A. nt jump B. didn’t jump C. nt t jump D. t nt jump
 14.Why nt with us ? Yu see , it’s very . A. g ; interested B. g; interesting C. t g ; interested D. ging ; interesting15.– What abut t the cinema tnight ? --That’s a gd idea. I’d like with yu . A. ging ; ging B. t g ; t g C. ging ; t g D. g ; ging 16.Everyne here is busy read fr the cming entrance tests . A. get B. t get C. getting D. gets
17.we’ve wrked fr tw hurs . Let’s a rest . A. stp t have B. stp having C. t stp t have D .stpping having 18.   Wuld yu mind me a favur（恩惠）？ A. d B. t g C. ding D. did 19.   Mr Wang asked me him . A. help B. helps C. t help D. helping20.   Please tell Jim nt late again . A. t B. be C. t be D. be t
23.Please dn’t frget t me , will yu ? A. t write B. writing C. write
22.The by wants his father a questin abut the mn . A. asking B. t ask C. ask D. asked
21.Miss Yang asked the by , the baby was sleeping in the rm . A. t stp t sing B. t stp singing C. stp singing D. stp t sing
25. It’s abut six ’clck, Let’s — supper nw . A. stp having B. t stp having C. stp t have D. t stp t have26.We’d better — n the rad . A car may hit us . A. nt t play B. nt play C. t nt play D. dn’t play
24.   Mther decided — Tm away frm schl . A. t keep nt B. keep nt C. nt t keep D. nt keep
27.   Liu Mei helped the Turners — their tickets n the train . A. pick B. lk up C. pick up D. lk like 28.   I ften see them — with sme freigners . A. talk B. t talk C. talking D. talked
29.— D yu still remember me smewhere Beijing ? — Yes ,f curse . Tw years ag . A. t see B. see C. seeing D. saw 30. Parents must warn their children — . A. t play with fire B. nt t play with fire C. f playing fire D. playing fire
31.This mrning I saw a man n the street n my way . A.lives ; there B. lived ; t schl C. lying ; t schl D. t lie ; hme has given up tennis since he was ill . A.play B. t play C. playing D.plays 33. ----Will yu cme t the net bar with me ? ---- Srry , My mther always tells me there . A. nt g B. nt t g C. g D. t g
34. --- What’s the language __ in New Zealand? --- English. A. speaking B. spken C. be spken D. t speak35. Paul desn’t have t be made _______. He always wrks hard. A. learn B. t learn C. learned D. learning36. The huse is nt big enugh fr us all _______. A. t live in B. t be lived in C. t live D. fr living in
37. The teacher asked the students t clse the windws ___ the wind frm ___ the papers away. A. t stp; blwing B. stpping; blwing C. t stp; blw D. stpped; blw38. We shuld d as much as we can _____water. A. fr saving B. t save C. save D. saved39. There are many peple ___ t buy cars in the mdern wrld. A. want B. wanted C. wanting D. t want
40. The little by wke up his father, ____ “Happy Birthday!” A. call B. t call C. called D. calling41. The car __ in Germany in the 1960s lks ld nw. A. prduced B. prducing C. t prduce D. which prduced42. --- What are n shw in the museum? --- Sme pictures _______ by the Africans. A. drawing B. drawn C. drew D. were drawn
43. --- The by was seen ___ his bike a mment ag. --- I am srry t hear that. A. fell ff B. t fall ff C. fall ff D. t fall dwn44. -- Yu’d better have yur sprts jacket ___. It’s t dirty. --- Thanks. I will. A. t wash B. washed C. washing D. wash45. The wrds _______ with “L” aren’t easily frgtten. A. starting B. started C. t start D. whse starting
46. Have yu read this bk? It’s wrth _______. A. t read B. read C. reading D. t be read47. Yesterday I heard a stry ____ by my friend. A. tld B. telling C. t tell D. tell48. --- What d yu cme here fr? --- _______. A. Brrw a CD B. T brrw a CD C. Brrwing a CD D. Brrwed a CD