高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修第一册Lesson 1 The Underdog学案

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这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修第一册Lesson 1 The Underdog学案，共23页。

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness

1．Exercise is the source of health.
运动是健康的源泉。
2．The stronger the body, the more intelligent the brain.
身体越炼越强壮，脑子越用越灵。
3．Reading is to the mind while exercise to the body.
读书健脑，运动强身。
4．The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to participate.
奥林匹克运动会重在参与而不是取胜。
5．Happiness lies first of all in health.
幸福首先在于健康。

They run，they jump，they swim
They seek true victory
They work to make their country proud
They give their all to a cheering crowd
They give small children hope
They show them one day，they too can be great
They fall sometimes but they never give up
They get right back up，keep trying and win
They are our pride，our Olympic team
They are living the Olympic dream!

Chinese kung fu，also known as wushu or Chinese martial arts，is one of the most wellknown examples of traditional Chinese culture.It is probably one of the earliest and longest lasting sports which uses both muscles and brain.
The theory of kung fu is based on classical Chinese philosophy.Over its long history it has developed as a unique combination of exercise，practical selfdefense，selfdiscipline，and art.
It is estimated that Chinese kung fu dates back to primitive society.At that time people used sticks to fight against wild beasts.Gradually they accumulated experience in selfdefense.
Chinese kung fu is a large system of theory and practice.It combines techniques of selfdefense and healthkeeping.
In Chinese kung fu，however, a difference is made between “external” and “internal” kung fu.It is said that “In external kung fu，you exercise your tendons，bones，and skin; in internal kung fu，you train your spirit，your qi，and your mind.” And so internal kung fu can continue later in life，when the external body weakens.
[探究发现]
1．When did Chinese martial arts originate?
Primitive society.
2．What aspects do Chinese martial arts include?
It combines techniques of selfdefense and healthkeeping.
3．What can you strengthen in internal kung fu?
You can train your spirit，your qi，and your mind.
SectionⅠ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1

Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
(　　)1.athlete　　　　　 A．vi.&vt.聚集，聚合
(　　)2.defeat B．vt.赢得；博得
(　　)3.replacement C．n.运动员
(　　)4.crash D．vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
(　　)5.gather E．n.包，包裹 vi.&vt.把……包起来
(　　)6.pack F．adv.严厉地，毫不客气地
(　　)7.sharply G．n.替换的人/物
(　　)8.extra H．vi.&vt.鼓掌，拍手
(　　)9.clap I．adj.额外的，另外的
(　　)10.earn J．vi.&vt.猛撞
[答案]　1－5　CDGJA　6－10　EFIHB
B．短语匹配
(　　)1.rather than　　　 A．聚集
(　　)2.in good/bad shape B．使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
(　　)3.try out for sth. C．健康状况良好/不佳
(　　)4.crash into D．独自，我自己
(　　)5.gather around E．取得成功；奏效
(　　)6.not...any more F．而不是
(　　)7.let sb. down G．不再……
(　　)8.pay off H．跟上，保持同步
(　　)9.keep up with I．试图赢得；争取
(　　)10.on my own J．猛撞，猛击
[答案]　1－5　FCIJA　6－10　GBEHD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．prefer vt.　　　　更喜欢
2．balanced adj. 均衡的
3．diet n. 日常饮食
4．regularly adv. 经常；定期地
5．company n. 公司；一群人
6．champion n. 冠军，第一名
7．inspiration n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感
8．desire n. 渴望
9．energy n. 力量，活力
10．crowd n. 人群

Ⅰ.语境填空
inspiration；defeat；desire；extra；crash；balanced；prefer；replacement；pack；champion
1．He easily defeated his opponent in the election.
2．What is your biggest source of inspiration?
3．My secretary leaves us next week，so we are advertising for a replacement．
4．I am filled with desire to go back home.
5．The traveler took out a bottle of water from the pack on his back.
6．I prefer going to the cinema to watching TV.
7．He cut down on coffee and cigarettes，and ate a balanced diet.
8．She decided to rent out a room to get extra income.
9．The little girl presented the champion with flowers.
10．The plane crashed but the crew were safe.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency (frequent) over recent years.
2．It's a matter of personal preference (prefer)．
3．First, we should have a balanced (balance) diet.
4．Do I have to pay for replacement part?
5．“Is there a problem？”he asked sharply (sharp)．
6．You should exercise more to keep energetic (energy)．
7．We should not go to crowded (crowd) places.
8．If so，you live amongst the highest earning (earn) people in the UK.
9．They looked for the cyclist (cycle) but he was already out of sight.
10．You will do it regularly (regular) and spend more time on it.

1．Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。
2．Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.
保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。
3．And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off.
显然，他所有额外独自练习的时间都得到了回报。
4．Don't let us down, Paul.It's your time to shine.
别让我们失望，保罗。你发光的时刻到了。
5．The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.
另一个队就是跟不上他的精力和速度。

词语助读
①on作为介词时意为(某团体或组织)的一员
to be on the committee/staff为委员会/全体职员的成员
②huge adj. 巨大的，庞大的
③next to 紧挨着，几乎，差不多
④guy n．(非正式)男人，家伙
⑤champion n．冠军，第一名
⑥shot n．投球，击球
⑦use...as... 把……当做/用作……
⑧inspiration n．激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人或物；灵感
⑨make it 成功
⑩be sure 确信；确知；肯定；有把握
⑪try out for 争取成为；参加选拔
⑫bench n．替补队员席
⑬replacement n．替换的人/物
⑭tough adj.困难的，艰难的；坚硬的
⑮desire n．渴望
have a desire to do sth.有做某事的渴望
⑯chance n．机会
have a chance to do sth.有做某事的机会
⑰competitor n．竞争对手
⑱wait for等待
⑲crash vt.&vi.猛撞
crash into猛撞，猛击
⑳hurt vt.伤害 vi.疼痛
badly adv.非常
gather v．聚集，聚合
gather around 聚集
quarter n．小节
be about to do sth.即将做某事
not... anymore不再
pack n．包，包裹 vi. 把……包起来
sharply adv.严厉地，毫不客气地
let sb. down使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
onto到……上，向……上
extra adj.额外的，另外的
pay off取得成功；奏效
keep up with 跟上，保持同步
energy n．力量，活力
crowd n．人群
clap v．鼓掌，拍手
hit sb.on the shoulder 打在某人肩上
earn vt.赢得；博得
课本原文
Part 1
Paul and I were on① our school basketball team, The Lions.We loved basketball and were both huge② fans of the NBA.When we weren't playing on the court which was next to③ our building, we were watching a game on TV.My favourite player was LeBron James.Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy④ who played for the Charlotte Hornets，although we actually agree that they are both champions⑤.[1]
[1]although 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”
Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall，which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.[2]Guess what? Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.[3]During all those hours of doing jump shots⑥ on his own, he used Bogues as⑦ his inspiration⑧.Paul once said，“If Bogues could make it⑨， why not me？”
[2]which引导非限制性定语从句，指这件事。
[3]being shorter动名词作主语。谓语动词常用单数形式。
Our coach was not so sure⑩.Paul had to try out many times just for⑪ making the team.He was still usually on the bench⑫，being just a replacement⑬， which was really tough⑭ on him.[4] Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire⑮ to play for the team.[5] However, Paul didn't get a chance⑯.
[4]being just a replacement，现在分词作结果状语。Which引导非限制性定语从句。
[5]who引导定语从句。
This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors⑰.The Bears, a team whose record this season had been perfect.[6]They hadn't lost a single game.It would be a tough one.Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for⑱.
[6]whose引导定语从句。
Part 2
Suddenly, a player and I crashed⑲ into each other.Pain raced through my body.My knee hurt⑳ badly.The team gathered around, looking worried.[7]The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10 points.
[7]looking worried.现在分词作伴随状语。
“I don't think I can play anymore, coach，”[8]I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.[9]
[8]I don't think 否定前移，翻译为“我认为我不……”。
[9]as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
“No way，” the coach replied sharply.“We've got no more players！”
“What about Paul？”someone suggested.
“Paul？”said the coach.“He can't play！”
“Give him a shot, coach！”I said.“What have we got to lose？”
“That's right，” another player said.“We're losing anyway.Let Paul play！”
“Let me try, coach! I won't let you down！”Paul said.
“OK, OK！” the coach finally agreed.“Don't let us down, Paul.It's your time to shine.”
Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court.And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off.[10] The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop clapping and cheering.
[10]that引导定语从句，修饰hours
When the game ended, our team had won by two points “Well，”said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder， “you've just earned your place on the team, big guy！”
译文参考
第1部分
保罗和我是我们学校篮球队，狮子队的成员。我们都热爱篮球，都是NBA的铁杆球迷。当我们不在紧挨着我们大楼的球场上打球时，我们就在电视上看比赛。我最喜欢的球员是勒布朗·詹姆斯。保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，他曾效力于夏洛特黄蜂队，尽管我们一致认为他们都是冠军。
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。你猜怎么着？保罗的身高也只有1.6米！保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他必须多练习。在那些自己跳投的时间里，他把博格斯当作自己的动力。保罗曾经说过，“如果博格斯能成功，为什么我不行？”
我们的教练却并不太确定。保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这让他感到很痛苦。每个人都知道保罗有真正的技术，他是一个非常努力的人，并且很渴望为球队效力。然而，保罗没有得到机会。
本周，狮子队将对阵我们的主要竞争对手，熊队，这支本赛季战绩完美的球队。他们一场也没输。这将是一场艰难的比赛。保罗不知道他很快就会得到他一直在等待的机会。
第2部分
突然，一个球员和我撞在了一起。疼痛传遍了我的全身。我的膝盖很疼。队员们聚在一起，看起来很担心。最后一节就要开始了，我的球队落后10分。
当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上的时候，我平静地说，“我认为我不能再打球了，教练。”。
“没门，”教练严厉地回答。“我们没有更多的球员了！”
“保罗怎么样？”有人建议。
“保罗？”教练说。他不能打！”
“给他一个机会，教练！”我说。“我们又有什么损失呢？”
“没错，”另一位运动员说。“反正我们快输了。让保罗上吧！”
“让我试试，教练！”我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。
“好吧，好吧！”教练终于同意了。“别让我们失望，保罗。你发光的时刻到了。
保罗跳起来冲向球场。显然，他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。另一个队无法跟上他的精力和速度。他投了一个又一个的球，观众们不停地鼓掌欢呼。
比赛结束时，我们队以两分的优势赢了。“好，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”

速读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误还是没有提及：
1．Bogues was a tall man.
A．Right. B．Wrong.　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．The Bears，a team whose record this season had been poor.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Bogues and Paul didn't love basketball at all.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]　1－5　BABAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．waiting for　B．practising alone　C．doing jump shots　D．making the team　E．clapping and cheering　F．being shorter than other players
1．Paul knew that meant that he had to practise more.
2．During all those hours of on his own, he used Bogues as his inspiration.
3．Paul had to try out many times just for ．
4．Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been ．
5．And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent paid off.
6．He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop ．
[答案]　1－6　FCDABE
Ⅲ.表格填空
Part 1
Name
Paul
Favourite player
1.Tyrone Bogues
Height
1.6 metres
Team
2.The Lions
Treated by coach
like a 3.weak player
Kind of player
a 4.replacement player
Part 2
Events
The coach's attitude
Evidence
One player got hurt and could not play.
5.Worried．
We've got 6.no more players！
Give him a shot, coach！
7.Negative．
He can't play.
“Let me try, coach! I won't let you down！”
Hesitant.
The coach 8.finally agreed.
Paul jumped and rushed onto the court.
9.Hopeful．
“It's your time to shine.”
The team had won by 2 points.
Excited，satisfied，10.proud．
...hit Paul's on the shoulder...“big guy”.

细读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Part 1 A．Paul earn his place on the team.
2．Part 2 B．The story about Paul.
[答案]　1—2　BA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why did Paul have to try out many times?
A．Because he was not tall.
B．Because he wants to make the team.
C．Because he wants to be a replacement.
D．Because he had many chances to play for the team.
2．Which team did Paul and I play for?
A．NBA.　　　　 B．The Bears.
C．The Lions. D．It is not mentioned.
3．Why did my knee hurt badly?
A．Because there were so many players.
B．Because I crashed into a player.
C．Because it was the last quarter.
D．Because I want to give Paul a chance.
4．What's the coach's attitude to Paul?
A．Confident. B．Skeptical(怀疑)．
C．Positive. D．Supportive.
5．What's the result of the match?
A．The Lions won the game by 10 points.
B．The Bears won the game by 2 points.
C．The Lions won the game by 2 points.
D．The Bears won the game by 10 points.
[答案]　1－5　BCBBC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(三)
A．阅读课文中含有心理变化的语句。
1．“No way，” the coach replied sharply.“We've got no more players！”
2．“Paul？”said the coach.“He can't play！”
3．Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是含有心理变化的语句。
1．Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for.
2．“OK, OK！”the coach finally agreed.“Don't let us down, Paul.It's your time to shine.
3．When the game ended, our team had won by two points.
4．“Well，” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you've just earned your place on the team, big guy！”
[答案]　1　3

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．frequent adj.频繁的，经常的→frequently adv.频繁地；经常地→frequency n．发生的频率，发生率
2．prefer vt.更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；优先
3．balance n．平衡，均衡；天平 vt.权衡；使平衡→balanced adj.均衡的
4．replace vt.替换；取代→replacement n．替换的人/物
5．gather vi.&vt.聚集，聚合→gathering n．聚集；集会
6．sharp adj.锋利的；突然的；灵敏的→sharply adv.严厉地，毫不客气地
7．energy n．力量，活力→energetic adj.精力充沛的
8．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的
9．earn vt.赢得；博得→earning n．收入；赚得的钱

pay off取得成功；奏效；还清(债务)；有回报
①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.还清
②Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.得到回报
③Did your daring plan pay off？取得成功

Words And Phrases
　rather than 而不是
(教材P28)I prefer to play basketball rather than play football.
我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。
[例1]　But my guess is, it would be in terms of weeks, rather than months.
但我的猜测是，它是以周为单位的，而不是以月为单位的。
[例2]　We should learn from these rather than replicate them.
我们应该从这些错误中吸取教训，而非重复它们。
[造句]　他们的目的在于提高质量而不是增加数量。
They aim at quality rather than quantity.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings rather than harm(harm) them.
②Facing up to your problems rather than running(run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.
③Rather than discuss(discuss) all of these questions at length, we prefer to focus on the impact of the heavy snow.
④—What a terrible collision accident!
—Judging from the scene, personally, it is one or two car drivers, rather than the truck driver, who are(be) to blame.
　balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的
(教材P28)have a healthy and balanced diet
有一个健康均衡的饮食
[例1]　Yes, we can't have perfectly balanced days every day but we can try.
是的，我们不可能每天拥有完美的平衡，但我们可以每天都试试。
[例2]　That's why the President has been fighting for a balanced plan for so long.
这就是为什么总统一直在争取一个平衡的计划这么长时间。
[造句]　一个健康均衡的饮食可以改善你的精神状态。
A well balanced diet can improve your state of mind.
[归纳拓展]
(1)balanced diet　　　　均衡饮食
(2)balance n. 平衡；天平
vt. 权衡；(使) 平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
on balance 总的来说
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
②Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a balanced(balance) diet.
[小片段填空]
We should try our best to balance the environment with nature (使环境与自然平衡)．Sometimes, overdevelopment can break the balance (打破平衡) of ecology.Once nature loses its balance (失去平衡), it will bring us many disasters.
　try out for sth.争取成为；参加选拔
(教材P30)Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.
保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。
[例1]　Why don't you try out for the basketball team？You have nothing to lose.
你为什么不去尝试一下参加篮球队，反正你也不会有什么损失。
[例2]　I think I'll try out for the Drama Club.
我想在戏剧俱乐部试试看。
[造句]　当我上大学的时候，我真想参加篮球队。
I really wanted to try out for the basketball team when I was in college.
[归纳拓展]
try out　　　　　试用，试验
try for 试图获得或赢得某物
try sth.on 试穿衣物
try one's best 尽力
try one's luck 碰碰运气
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Alison's trying for a job as a research assistant.
②We should try our best to attend(attend)on our parents，and make them happy in their later years.
③It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team.
　replacement n．替换的人/物
(教材P30)He was still usually on the bench，being just a replacement，which was really tough on him.
然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这让他感到很痛苦。
[例1]　If your passport is stolen，you should apply for a replacement immediately.
如果你的护照被偷了，你应该马上申请补发。
[例2]　Replacement of sugar in your diet can be difficult.
在你的饮食中更换糖肯定是困难的。
[造句]　我们需要找一个人代替苏。
We need to find a replacement for Sue.
[归纳拓展]
replace vt.　　　　　　取代；替换
replace...by/with... 以……代替/替换
[链接写作]——完成句子
①公司承诺如果两年内出故障他们将维修或更换电脑。
The company guaranteed it would repair or replace the computer if it broke within two years.
②课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
[名师点津]
表示“代替”的短语：take the place of/take one's place；in place of...；instead of。
　desire n．愿望，欲望，渴望　v．渴望，期望
(教材P30)Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
每个人都知道保罗有真正的技术，他是一个非常努力的人，并且很渴望为球队效力。
[例1]　I had a strong desire to help and care for people.
我有一股强烈的帮助和关心别人的愿望。
[例2]　We all desire happiness and health.
我们都希望幸福和健康。
[造句]　他们对致富没有大欲望。
They had little desire to get rich.
[归纳拓展]
(1)a desire for sth.　　渴望得到某物
have a desire to do/that... 有……的欲望/愿望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想让某人做某事
desire that sb.(should)＋动词原形
希望/要求某人做……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
②He desires me to go(go)abroad for further education.
＝He desires that I (should) go(go) abroad for further education.
[链接写作]——一句多译
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
①Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hardworking people.(desire n．)
②Everyone desires to succeed while success only belongs to the hardworking people．(desire v．)
　let sb.down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
(教材P31)I won't let you down!
我不会让你失望的。
[例1]　Only by adequately loosing after work can you not let youself down.
只有工作之余充分放松、享受，才能更对得起自己
[例2]　The team felt that they had let the coach down.
队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。
[造句]　很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。
I'm afraid she let us down badly.
[归纳拓展]
let alone　　　　　　更不用说
let down 放下，降低，使失望
let go (of) 放开，松手
let off 宽恕，免除
let out 放掉，发出
let in 让……进入
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You have always been disappointing me.Don't let me down again.
②I can tell you the truth, but you must promise not to let out the secret.
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
④Many foreign friends were very excited when Tiangong 2 lifted off at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, let alone we Chinese people.
⑤Your mother is so tired—let her alone! Let her have a good rest today.
　keep up with 跟上，保持同步
(教材P31)The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.
另一支球队无法跟上他的精力和速度。
[例1]　My secretary works so fast that no one in the office can keep up with her.
我的秘书工作非常快，办公室里没有人能赶上她。
[例2]　Every home and office needs the latest electronic equipment to keep up with the times.
每个家庭和办公室都需要最新的电子设备以赶上时代的步伐。
[造句] 我必须努力学习，赶上其他同学。
I have to work hard to keep up with the other students.
[归纳拓展]
keep at sth.　　　　　　坚持做某事
keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep back 忍住，隐瞒；抑制
keep off 避开，防止，挡住
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up 保持，继续
[链接写作]——完成句子
①他坚持把工作干完。
He kept at the job until finished.
②下雨使我们没法出去。
The rain kept us from going out．
③她忍不住哭了。
She couldn't keep back her tears．
④我希望好天气会保持下去。
I hope the fine weather will keep up．
　crowd n．人群；群众
(教材P31)He made shot after shot，and the crowd couldn't stop clapping and cheering.
他投了一个又一个的球，观众们不停地鼓掌欢呼。
[例1]　A crowd had already collected outside the embassy gates.
使馆大门外已经聚集了一群人。
[例2]　He pushed his way through the crowd.
他在人群中向前挤。
[造句]　那项比赛吸引了大批观众。
The match attracted a large crowd.
[归纳拓展]
(1)a crowd of　　　　　一群，一伙
(2)crowd v. 挤满；涌入
crowd in 挤进
crowd out 挤出；推开
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的
be crowded with 挤满了……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I was nearly pushed over by a crowd of children.
②Many football fans crowded in when the gate was opened.
③Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colourful displays.
　hit sb. on the shoulder 打在某人肩上
(教材P31)“Well，” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder，“you've just earned your place on the team，big guy！”
“好，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你为自己赢得了在球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”
[例1]　She hit him on the head with a book.
她用书打他的头。
[例2]　He hit the nail squarely on the head with the hammer.
他用锤子正好击中钉子的头部。
[造句]　她用伞打他的头。
She hit him on the head with her umbrella.
[归纳拓展]
“hit/beat/strike/pat/touch＋sb.＋on/in＋the＋身体部位”这样的结构(其中的定冠词不可用物主代词代替)，如果打在坚硬结实的部位(如head，shoulder，back等)，前面常用介词on；如果打在柔软多肉的部位(如leg，eye，face等)，前面常用介词in。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①As I turned around，I accidentally hit him in the face.
②The stone struck me on the side of the head.
Sentence Patterns
　动名词作主语
(教材P30)Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.
保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他必须多加练习。
句式分析：本句that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中being shorter than other players作主语。
[例1]　It is no use telling him not to worry.
告诉他不要担心是没有用的。
[例2]　Walking is good for your health.
散步对你的健康有好处。
[造句]　在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
[归纳拓展]
(1)动名词直接位于句首作主语。
(2)用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词作主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①大声朗读对我们学一门外语非常重要。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
②读那本书是浪费时间。
It was a waste of time reading that book.
　否定前置
(教材P31)I don't think I can play anymore，coach.
我认为我不能再打球了，教练。
句式分析：本句中I don't think是否定前置，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。
[例1]　I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
[例2]　I don't think he will come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会。
[造句]　我相信他不回来。
I don't believe he will come.
[归纳拓展]
(1)当主句谓语动词是think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppose，imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。
(2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？
I don't think he is a good swimmer，is he?
②我认为你不对。
I don't think you are right.
[名师点津]
(1)当主语为第一人称I，we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。
(2)若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能前移。

1．Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.
[分析]　本句是主从复合句。which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的整个主句，对主句起补充说明的作用。
[译文]　博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。
2．Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
[分析]　本句是主从复合句。动词knew后面是宾语从句，that省略了。第一个and并列宾语从句，第二个and连接的是并列定语从句，修饰someone。
[译文]　每个人都知道保罗有真正的技术，他是一个非常努力的人，并且很渴望为球队效力。

教材
高考
I prefer to play basketball rather than play football.
(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)．..then the air is filled with lifegiving，energizing oxygen.
I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Fans lined the road to the finishing line，cheering(cheer) on the competitors.
2．Esteban threw(throw) his bike over his shoulders and raced towards the finishing line.
3．Audience was amazed(amaze) at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped(clap) for the cyclists.
4．Offering(offer) me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.
5．The two cyclists made amazing sporting gestures(gesture)．
6．Many martial arts were invented(invent) because people needed to defend themselves(they) or protect others.
7．Hard martial arts techniques are more effective(effect) if you are more skillful, more powerful(power) and faster than your opponent.
8．The very first Korean military training manual was based(base) on a Chinese version.
Ⅱ.短语填空
keep up with；pay off；try out for；got hurt；in good shape；rather than；in good condition；crash into；gathered around；on my own
1．He is not so handsome but is in good shape with nice broad shoulders.
2．They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.
3．My brother want to try out for the football team.
4．His hard working will eventually pay off．
5．It's not easy for him to get around because his leg got hurt．
6．True happiness should be something that I can obtain on my own．
7．The twobedroom house is in good condition．
8．We should help him rather than he should help us.
9．She noticed a car crashing into a big tree nearby.
10．The club members gathered around, exchanging ideas and information.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Paul and I were 1.on the same basketball team and we are both big fans of the NBA.Paul liked Tyrone Bogues，2.who played for the Charlotte Hornets.Paul was only 1.6 meters tall，which meant he had to practise more.Paul had to try out many times just for 3.making(make)the team.4.Being(be)just a replacement made him tough，although all of us knew Paul had real skills.
This week we 5.competed(compete)with The Bears，whose record this season had been perfect.6.Suddenly(sudden)，I crashed into a 7.player(play) and my knee hurt badly.The Bears was ahead of us by 10 points.I told the coach that I can't play any more and want Paul 8.to replace(replace) me.Finally，the coach gave him a chance and told him not to let us 9.down．Paul made shot after shot and his hard work 10.paid(pay) off.Our team had won by 2 points at last.

关系代词的用法
关系代词
指代
在从句中充当的成分
人
物
句子
主语
宾语
表语
定语
who
√

√
√

whom
√

√

that
√
√

√
√
√

which

√
√
√
√
√

whose
√
√

√
as
√
√
√
√
√
√

1.that和which的用法
which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.
当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。
The dishes (that/which) I cooked were Mom's favorite.
我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。
The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
[名师点津]
只能用that而不用which的情况
先行词是all, little, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时
当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时
当先行词既有人又有物时
只用which而不用that的情况
关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
桂林是我参观过的最美丽的城市。
He is the very person that they are looking for.
他正是他们在找的人。
They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school.
他们谈论着他们能记起的在学校的那些事和人。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．who和whom的用法
who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。
He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.
快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。
3．whose的用法
whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom” 和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。
I live next door to a couple whose children(＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise.
我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。
Please pass me the book whose cover(＝the cover of which) is green.
请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
4．as的用法
as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such, the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。
She is such a nice girl as we all like.
她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。
I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.
我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)
I met the same person that I saw yesterday.
我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
1．He is the man who/that lives next door.
2．The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog that were just passing by.
3．The man with whom my father is shaking hands is a policeman.
4．By 16：30, which was almost the closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
5．A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everywhere.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The place that/which we visited was the Great Wall.
2．The man who/whom/that I talked to was an engineer.
3．The boy who/that /whom she is looking after is my brother.
4．This is the village that/which we visited last week.
5．Miss Zhou wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been finished.
6．The boy who/that is studying hard is John.
7．The watches that/which were repaired last week have not been sent back.
8．This is the person who/whom/that you are looking for.
9．The city which/that she lives in is very far away.
10．The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The books on the desks，1.whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.The books are well written and well printed.There are few，2.if any, mistakes in it.
This is the book 3.that I have read dozens of times.When you read the book, you'd better make a mark 4.where you have any questions.From this experience I have learn 5.that questioning can serve as a bridge 6.that/which helps us to seek the truth.
The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work 7.where a good impression is a must.
I am looking forward to the day 8.when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
I borrowed the book Sherlock Holms from the library last week，9.which my classmate recommended to me.But he has never read 10.it．