2023届高考英语二轮复习专题12定语从句学案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题12定语从句学案，共22页。学案主要包含了考点详解，命题解读，命题预测，复习建议，典例剖析，2022全国卷III，2022高考卷，2021新课标Ⅲ卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 专题12 定语从句
2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全


【考点详解】
【命题解读】
在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句是历年高考的重要考点。研究近年的高考真题不难看出，近年高考对名词的考查主语侧重于以下几个方面：
1.考查关系词
2.考查定语从句中的主谓一致
3.考查定语从句中关系代词和关系副词混用
【命题预测】
预计2022年高考对语境的要求会更高。侧重考查先行词在具体语境中的含义，同时，对定语从句和名词性从句的辨析也将是命题者测试的考点。
【复习建议】
1掌握关系词的用法
2.掌握限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
3.熟练掌握句子结构的分析。判断从句中是否缺主语、宾语、定语，如果缺少，则填关系代词；若从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语成分，则要填关系副词或考虑“介词＋关系代词”(注意介词后只能填which/whom)。

考点一 （关系代词引导的定语从句）
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。关系代词可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
作用：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。
①The students who are from China raise your hands, please.
来自中国的学生请举手。
②As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。


1．who, whom, that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've made good friends with several of the students who/whom/that I met in the calligraphy competition last year.
我已与去年在书法演讲比赛中遇到的几个学生结交为好朋友。


【典例剖析】

【2022全国卷III】 They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
①Do you know the boy who is standing over there?
你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?
②I went to a restaurant whose boss is my old friend。
→ I went to a restaurant, the boss of which is my old friend.
→ I went to a restaurant, of which the boss is my old friend.
我去了一家餐厅，餐厅的老板是我的好朋友


【典例剖析】

【2022高考卷】Dr. Rowan, _______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
【2021新课标Ⅲ卷】 In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

3．which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
a. 指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。
①I have read all the books (that) I borrowed from the library.
所有从图书馆里借的书我都已经读过了。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词(如：the first，the second, ...，the last等)修饰时。
②This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。
③The only thing that matters is to solve the problem.
唯一要紧的事情是解决这个问题。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
④I remembered the teachers and things (that) I experienced in the school.
我记起来了我在学校里经历过的人和事。
b：在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。
(1)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。
⑤The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。


【典例剖析】

【2020江苏卷】Many lessons are now available online, from _______ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，并指物，只能用which。
⑥Our team won the final, which made us excited.
我们的队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。


【典例剖析】

【2022新课标II卷 】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
[名师点睛]　使用关系代词时，注意两点：
(1)先行词是“人”还是“物”；
(2)关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，且在从句中作宾语时可以省略。(非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可以省略。)
考点二 （as引导的定语从句）
a：as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。
①They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
②These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
③This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
[名师点睛]　such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。
She is such a kind teacher that all the students like her.
她是个善良的老师所以所有学生都很喜欢她。
She ran so fast that no one could catch up with her.
她跑得如此快以至于没有人能赶上她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
b：关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
①As is often the case, he is always late for school.
他经常上学迟到，这是常见的情况。
②Dickens, as is well known, is a famous writer.
众所周知，狄更斯是一位著名的作家。
③He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
(2)意义：as表示“正如，像”，常用于下列习惯用语中：as we can see “正如我们都能看到的那样”；as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”；as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”；as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”；as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”；as has been said/seen/heard before 正如所说/所看/所听到的那样；as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”；which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。
④He passed the examination, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
⑤Jim has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
吉姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
(3)用法：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。
⑥He failed the examination, which was unexpected/not expected.
他考试失利了，这是未预料到的。
⑦她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。
限时练1　单句语法填空
①The house ________ windows face the north belongs to him.
②The man ________ you met just now is my old friend.
③The man ________ is walking in the playground is my old friend.
④Take the book ________ is lying on the table.
⑤She is such a girl ________ is always finding fault with other people.
⑥I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault.
⑦Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
⑧All the presents ________ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
⑨This is the very book ________ I have been looking for.
⑩He was late for the opening ceremony, ________ was very surprising to me.
⑪She has been absent again, as is expected.
⑫He pretended not to know me, ________ I didn't understand.
【答案】：①whose　②who/whom/that　③who/that　④which/that　⑤as　⑥that　⑦which　⑧that　⑨that　⑩which　⑪as　⑫which

考点三 （关系副词引导的定语从句)
when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，用关系副词。
1．先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，关系副词when, where, why在从句中作状语。



【典例剖析】

【2022全国高考I】Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot_______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由于月球自身阻挡了地球与探测器之间的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。
①The factory where his father works is the largest one in this city .
他父亲工作的那个工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。
②I'll always remember the day when my son returned from America.
我将永远记得我父亲从美国回来的那一天。
[名师解读]　（1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation， where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
（2）先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。



【典例剖析】

【2022高考卷】 We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
2．way后接定语从句的情况。
(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。
①I don't like the way (that/in which) he speaks.
我不喜欢他说话的方式。
限时练2　单句语法填空
①I want to know the date ________ you were born.
②I have forgotten the date ________ you told me.
③Do you know the reason ________ he is absent today?
④That is the reason ________ I want to know.
⑤This is the factory ________ his father built.
⑥Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
⑦This is the second time ________ I have been here.
⑧Can you still remember the time ________ we spent together in our childhood?
答案：①when/on which　②(that/which)　③why/for which　④(that/which)　⑤(that/which)　⑥where　⑦(that)　⑧(that/which)

考点四 （“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句）
1．关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。
①This is the train on which Lilywent to Shenzhen.
这就是Lily去深圳所乘坐的那列火车。
②This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2．关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
①The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
②The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
(2)根据先行词来确定。
③I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
④Water, without which man can't live, is really important.
水真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
①Here are the questions, some of which I think are easy for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很容易。
②He has three sons, none of whom are soldiers.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当军人的。
4．“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
5．“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
[名师点睛]　有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。
China is the birthplace of kites， from where kite flying spreads to Japan， Thailand， India and so on.
中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。
即时练3　用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①He may win the competition, ________ case he is likely to get into the national team.
②I bought a great many books, ________ I spent all of my money that I saved.
③He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
④In the dark street, there wasn't a person ________ she could turn for help.
【答案】：①in which　②on which　③of which　④to whom
【名师点睛】关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此，在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的句子成分。
比较：Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Being?
你还记得我们一起在北京度过的日子吗？
Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Being?
你还记得我们在北京过暑假的日子吗?



【牛刀小试】
单句填空
1.1. I have seldom seen a situation ______ made me angry.
2. Describe a situation ______ you failed.
3. This is the age ______ people live in peace and harmony.
4. This is the age _________ people will never forget.
5. The reason _________ he gave us was hard to accept.
6. The reason ______ he was late for school is ______ he missed the first bus.
7.The factory was built in a secret place, around which ____high mountains.
8.The murder happened in an old building, beside which___ the city police station.
9.George, with ______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a out-spoken boy.
10.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
11.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ were invited to his wedding.
12.They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, but none of ______ were carried out in their work.
13.They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, none of______ were carried out in their work.
14. Why can’t you realize the part______ they have played in our life?
15.David is such a diligent boy ______ all the teachers like.
16.David is so diligent a boy ______ all the teachers like him.
17.We climbed up a mountain from ______ we had fantastic views.
18.Dongan No1 high school from ______ we will graduate, is a booming and striking school.
19.It was Johnson, ______ studied very hard, ______ often offered us help.
20. Is it the years ______ you worked in the factory ______ have a great effect on your works?
21. There are some people ______ faces you can’t forget.
22. The house ______ the windows face south is our reading room.
23. I don’t like the way ________ he gave us to solve the problem.
24. I like the way __________ she smiles.
25. He __________ would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.

【答案】：1.that/which 2.where 3.when 4.that/which 5.that/which 6.why 7.are 8.is 9.whom 10.them 11.whom 12.them 13.which 14..that/which 15.as 16.that 17.where 18.which 19.who/ that 20. where/that 21. whose 22.of which 23.that/which 24.that/in which
25. Who







单项选择
1．Nowadays, there still exist a lot of challenges facing some developing countries, ________ the greatest is hunger.
A．which B．whose C．of which D．to which
2．Contribute to cultivate the level of product as advanced technology could, the green fingers still mean a lot to unsophisticated farmer ________ traditions hold much value.
A．who B．whom C．to whom D．for whom
3．These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, Guangxi is home.
A．for which B．for whom C．to which D．to whom
4．The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A．which, that B．at which,where
C．at which,that D．where, in which
5．Among the countries listed in the 2021 World Happiness Report, those at the bottom were mainly underdeveloped countries ______ issues such as political conflicts have been widespread in recent years.
A．that B．where C．what D．when
6．He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation _______ he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A．which B．that C．where D．when
7．Green Equator Coffee is grown on the Green Equator Estate(庄园),________coffee is 100% organic and sells at a very low price.
A．where B．whose C．when D．which
8．There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, ________ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.
A．which B．what C．among them D．among which
9．The sushi bar, the walls of ________ painted navy blue, is indeed an ideal place for us office workers, especially after work.
A．whose B．which C．what D．it
10．Mr. Lin, without ________ we wouldn’t have succeeded, deserves to be crowned as the VIP of our team.
A．what B．whom C．which D．whose
11．China will allow all couples to have three children, ________, in my opinion, is helpful to cope with the increasingly aging society.
A．that B．which C．what D．who
12．You can’t wake a person ________ is pretending to be asleep.
A．who B．which C．he D．不填
13．It was in this old farm house ________ his grandfather built 50 years ago ________ he was born and bred.
A．where; when B．which; that C．that; which D．where; which
14．Everyone hopes to land a job ________ his potential can be fully discovered and realized.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
15．After working for 10 years, I find teaching is a job ___________you are doing something serious but interesting.
A．that B．which C．when D．where
16．A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, _____ has happened in Ukraine and other countries.
A．what B．as C．where D．which
17．The worsening living conditions on the Carteret Islands finally resulted in________we called the relocation of all the islanders, from________arose the problem of losing their traditions and celebrations.
A．which; what B．which; which C．what; that D．what; which
18．The reason________he didn’t show up at the party is________he was ill.
A．why; that B．that; because C．why; because D．which; for
19．It is going to be some time________he sees his father again,________ business has just been set up in the UK.
A．before; his B．until; his
C．before; whose D．until; whose
20．It is one of the most surprising moments in Oscar history________actor Will Smith walked on stage and slapped Chris Rock for a joke________Rock made about Smith’s wife's hair.
A．which; that B．that; when C．when; that D．which; which
21．________was beyond their expectation was that they finally reached a place________sold drinks and other small articles.
A．It; which B．It; where C．What; which D．What; where
22．The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A．containing; where B．to contain; which C．containing; / D．to contain; that
23．China has many rivers, ______ the Changjiang River is the longest.
A．which B．in which C．among which D．one of which
24．Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, ______ is considered a very distinguished international honour.
A．that B．what C．as D．which
25．I lent some money to Bernard, ______ house was knocked down during the typhoon.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
26．A good government is not to pick technologies, but to establish conditions ________ innovation is supported and encouraged into the marketplace.
A．when B．that C．whose D．where
27．The explorer took only ________ men and things ________ he really needed into the jungle with him.
A．those; which B．such; as
C．those; who D．such; that
28．--- News came ________ the film directed by Peter won an award.
--- When was that?
--- It was 2018 ________ he was still in college.
A．when; that B．that; that
C．that; which D．that; when
29．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this opportunity.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
30．Mr. Johnson, our teacher and friend, ______ invited to attend the meeting, ______ he would deliver a speech to the students.
A．was; which B．were; that C．were; where D．was; where

【参考答案】
1．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当前，一些发展中国家仍然面临着许多挑战，其中最大的挑战就是饥饿。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是challenges，指物，且根据句意可知，此处表示“挑战中最大的一个”，即“the greatest of the challenges”，应用介词of+关系代词which来引导定语从句，故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有助于培养先进技术所能达到的产品水平，绿色手指对那些传统很有价值的不谙世事的农民来说仍然意义重大。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，从句意为“traditions hold much value for them传统对他们来说很有价值”，此处先行词为farmer，指人，故从句中应用whom指代先行词，故定语从句应为for whom traditions hold much value，故选D。
3．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田是当地壮族和瑶族人建造的，广西是他们的家乡。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句部分结构完整，应该用关系副词引导，结合选项可知使用“介词+关系代词”形式，分析知关系词指代先行词people并在从句中作介词to的宾语，从句中home to为固定搭配意为“是……的故乡”，故填to whom。故选D项。
4．B
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：建桥的地方应该是过江交通最繁忙的地方。分析句子可知，“_____the bridge is supposed to be built ”为定语从句，先行词the place在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where或者at which引导，排除A项；“______the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.”为表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故选B。
5．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在《2021年世界幸福报告》中列出的国家中，垫底的国家主要是近年来政治冲突等问题普遍存在的欠发达国家。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，此时先行词countries，引导词在从句中作地点状语。故选B。
6．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他开得太快，以致于陷入危险境地，很可能失去对汽车的控制。分析句子结构可知，先行词situation后面是一个定语从句，从句不缺主要成分，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故选C项。
7．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Green Equator咖啡种植在Green Equator庄园，该庄园的咖啡100%有机，售价非常低。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Green Equator Estate，从句缺少定语，表示所属关系，应用whose引导从句。故选B。
8．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。分析可知，“I like the Ancient Cultural Street best”是非限制性定语从句，定语从句引导词不能用what，因此排除B选项；从句中不缺主语或宾语，空格处不用关系代词，因此排除A选项；由“a great number of attractions”和“I like the Ancient Cultural Street best”可知，句子表示“在天津的很多景点中我最喜欢的是古文化街”，“在……当中”用among，先行词attractions是物，因此空格处用“among which”引导非限制性定语从句，故选D。
9．B
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：寿司吧的墙壁漆成了海军蓝，对我们办公室工作人员来说，尤其是下班后，它确实是一个理想的地方。此处是“名词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词The sushi bar，指物，作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which，故选B项。
10．B
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：林老师是我们团队的重要人物，没有他我们不可能成功。先行词为Mr. Lin，作定语从句中without的宾语，关系代词为whom。故选B项。
11．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国将允许夫妻生三孩，在我看来，这项政策将有利于解决老龄化社会的问题。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填关系词，引导非限制性定语从句，并且在从句中充当主语。A. that不能引导非限制性定语从句；B. which可引导先行词为物或句子的非限制性定语从句；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. who可引导先行词为人的非限制性定语从句。该句先行词是China will allow all couples to have three children，是句子，所以应用which引导。故选B项。
12．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你不可能叫醒一个假装睡着的人。a person是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，指代人，用who引导定语从句，做主语不可省略。故选A。
13．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在他祖父50年前建造的这座老农舍里，他出生并长大。分析句子可知， ________ his grandfather built 50 years ago 为定语从句，先行词为this old farm house，在从句中作宾语，所以第一空为可填which/that；第二空为强调句：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，应用that，故选B项。
14．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每个人都希望找到一份能充分发挥自己潜力的工作。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是job，在从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。
15．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工作了10年后，我发现教书是一份工作，在此工作中你在做一些严肃但有趣的事情。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为 a job，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故选D项。
16．B
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：战争是如此残酷，以至于它总是造成巨大的损失，就像在乌克兰和其他国家发生的那样。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，缺少的引导词指代先行词“A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses”在从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，应用as引导该从句。故选B。
17．D
【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：卡特雷特群岛不断恶化的生活条件最终导致了我们称之为所有岛民的搬迁，从而导致他们失去其传统和庆祝活动的问题。第一空，介词in后接宾语从句，call 后接双宾语，故从句缺少宾语，what引导宾语从句，从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西”；第二空，from____引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文____ we called the relocation of all the islanders，且从句中作介词宾语，故用关系代词which，故选D。
18．A
【详解】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：他没有出现在聚会上的原因是他病了。the reason why ...is/was that...……的原因是……。第一空为定语从句，句中先行词为reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导；第二空为表语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that。故选A。
19．C
【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。句意：要过一段时间他才能再见到他父亲，他父亲的公司刚刚在英国成立。it is some time before...是固定句型，意为“过一段时间才……”，因此第一空是before，引导时间状语从句；分析句子结构可知，第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，“his father”和business之间是所属关系，因此第二空用关系代词whose，故选C。
20．C
【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这是奥斯卡历史上最令人惊讶的时刻之一，演员威尔·史密斯走上舞台，因为洛克开了一个关于史密斯妻子头发的玩笑而掌掴克里斯·洛克。分析句子可知，句中含有两个限制性定语从句。第一个定语从句的先行词是one of the most surprising moments，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导；第二个定语从句的先行词是joke，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/which。故选C项。
21．C
【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：出乎意料的是，他们终于来到了一个卖饮料和其他小商品的地方。______was beyond their expectation是缺乏连接词的主语从句，从句缺乏主语，意为“什么”，故用连接代词What；a place______sold drinks and other small articles是缺乏关系词的定语从句，先行词是a place，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故选C项。
22．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：警方发现，这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词，contain与逻辑主语a gift bag为主谓关系，应用现在分词containing，作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句，先行词为the original blue box，在限制性定语从句中作介词in的宾语，为物，设空处可用关系代词that/which，也可省略。故选C项。
23．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多条江，其中，长江是最长的。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，设空处需填引导词，从句主语是the Changjiang River，系表结构是is the longest，并结合句意“其中”，则设空处需填among which，充当从句状语。故选C项。
24．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖，这被认为是一项非常杰出的国际荣誉。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Nobel Prize是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故选D。
25．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我借给伯纳德一些钱，他的房子在台风中被掀翻了。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Bernard，指人，在从句中作名词house的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
26．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个好的政府不是挑选技术，而是建立支持和鼓励创新进入市场的条件。句中先行词为conditions，是抽象地点名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选D。
27．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位探险家只带他真正需要的人和东西进入丛林。such ... as ...用于引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作needed的宾语。such ...that ...用于引导结果状语从句 ，that在从句中不作成分。故选B。
28．D
【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：——消息传来，由彼得执导的电影获得了一个奖。——什么时候？——那是2018年的时候，那年他还在上大学。分析句子可知，空处1考查同位语从句连接词，由从句不缺任何成分且表达肯定意义，应用that来引导同位语从句。而空处2考查引导定语从句的关系词，关系词指代先行词2018，指物且与时间相关，在从句中作时间状语，故此处应用when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。故选D项。
29．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词Professor Smith，在后面定语从句中作help的定语，所以关系代词为whose。故选B项。
30．D
【详解】考查主谓一致和定语从句。句意：我们的老师和朋友约翰逊先生被邀请参加会议，在会上他将向学生们发表演讲。第一个空处要填谓语动词，主语Mr. Johnson表单数，所以谓语动词也要用单数形式was invited；第二空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词meeting是地点名词，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故选D。











【真题实战】

1．(2022·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
2．(2022·江苏高考)Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free.
3．(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.

4．(2021·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
5．(2021·浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
6．(2021·江苏高考)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
【答案】：1. whose 2.which 3.which 4.who 5.that/which 6.when