中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类三（含答案）

一、阅读理解（共5题）

1、 New Way to Recycle

    When Shanghai introduced a new garbage﹣sorting policy in July last year，the city's residents（居民）took some time to get used to it．They joked that every time they took out their garbage，the staff（工作人员）standing by the bins would ask "What kind of garbage are you？"

    Starting on May 1， Beijing joined many Chinese cities by introducing a new garbage﹣ sorting policy， People's Daily reported． Residents should sort their garbage into four groups kitchen， recyclable， hazardous（有害的）and other waste．

    These groups are represented（代表）by four different colors of trash bins﹣green，blue，red and grey．Those who fail to sort their trash correctly may face fines of up to 200 yuan， Xinhua reported．

    The way Beijing sorts its trash sounds different from others like Shanghai and Qingdao． These cities use for different groups： wet， recyclable， harmful and dry． Although their names are different， the groups are actually the same． Wet garbage in Shanghai is， in fact， kitchen garbage． And dry garbage is the same as other waste． China Daily reported．

    To help residents sort their trash correctly，the Beijing government is offering online guidelines．If people don't know how to throw away garbage，they can search for it on the WeChat account Guanchenglish（管城理事） to find out． By searching a key word or taking a photo， people can immediately find out which group their waste belongs to．

（1）What do we know from this story？　   　

A． Garbage﹣sorting started in Beijing on May 1．

B． Garbage﹣sorting is being carried out nationwide．

C． Beijing's garbage﹣sorting policy is the same as Shanghai's．

（2）Other waste is the same as　   　 in Shanghai．

A． dry garbage

B． recyclable garbage

C． harmful garbage

（3）If people don't follow the garbage﹣sorting policy，　   　．

A． they will be forced to learn the policy

B． they won't be allowed to throw trash away

C． they may face fines

（4）The last paragraph mainly explains　   　．

A． the government's suggestions about garbage﹣sorting

B． how to help residents sort their garbage

C． problems with Beijing's garbage﹣sorting policy

（5）We can read this article in　   　．

A． a story book

B． a guide book

C． a newspaper

2、 Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.

The first story is from Ray. "My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn't get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. 'What's he pup to?' I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor. "

The second story is from Colin. "Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird—a wild 'Mom' cockatoo（鹦鹉）from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage(笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one 'Dad' bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The 'Mom' cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn't fly, 'Dad' cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to 'Mom' cockatoo. 'Baby' cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily. "

After reading the stories, don’t you think we should get along well with animals? No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.

46. ____________ is the owner of the cat.

A. Becky             B. Julius             C. Colin              D. Ray

47. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to the_____________.

A. phone            B. cat               C. iPad                D. bed

48. "Mon" cockatoo didn't return to the wild because ____________________.

A Julius caught it as a pet                   B. she vas badly hurt and couldn't fly

C. she preferred the life in the cage           D. "Dad" cockatoo built a home in the tree

49. The main idea of the passage is that _____________.

A. Ray, Becky and Colin are animal lovers       B. we shouldn't use iPad too much

C. friends should help each other              D. we should respect every life in the world

50. In which part of a newspaper would you probably read the passage?

A. Sports news.         B. People and animals.     C. Health.       D. Travel.

3、 Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater﹣the ocean． In 2008， the United Nations recognized（确立） June 8 as World Oceans Day． It's a day to think about the important role that the oceans play in our lives， the dangers that our oceans are facing and the action we can take to protect them．

    The ocean is home to the most of plants and animals on Earth． Plants in the sea provide us with 70 percent of O2 we breathe． The ocean controls our climate （气候）， providing heat in winter and cool air in summer． It also provides us with food and medicine． No matter where you live on the planet， no matter how far from the sea， your life is dependent on the ocean．

    The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution． Reducing single﹣use plastic， including plastic bags and plastic bottles， has been an important theme for World Oceans Day for a number of years．

    Climate change and rising sea temperatures are also a huge problem． Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme （极端的） weather．

    The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways， including special events on the beach， river clean﹣ups， school activities， art contests and film festivals． You can join in to remind people about the importance of our oceans and to make a difference．

（1）What percent of our planet is covered with seawater？　   　

A． 30%

B． 40%

C． 70%

（2）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？　   　

A． The ocean provides us with heat and cool air．

B． Our life is dependent on the ocean．

C． The ocean provides us with food and medicine

（3）What is the biggest problem facing the ocean？　   　

A． Plastic pollution．

B． Reducing single﹣use plastic．

C． Air pollution．

（4）What is partly responsible for an increase of extreme weather？　   　

A． Climate change．

B． Rising sea temperatures．

C． Weather patterns．

（5）How do people celebrate World Oceans Day？　   　

A． Eating out together．

B． Having a meeting．

C． Holding special events．

4、 【2019 • 山东东营】

What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.

When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating( 漂 浮 ) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.

How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.

Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.

26. About the spacewalk, we can know __________  .

A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks

B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft

C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space

D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things

27. How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?

A. Two.     B. Three.     C. Four.      D. Five.

28. What’s the meaning of the word “tethers” in Paragraph 2?

A. 吊篮     B. 系绳       C. 笼子       D. 钩子

29. Astronauts train for spacewalks by__________ .

A. floating in space

B. using virtual reality

C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft

D. training in water in a common swimming pool

30. According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.

B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.

C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.

D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.

5、 【2019 • 浙江宁波模拟】

   Want to know what we can do to help make our city a better place to live in? Why not take part in “Clean & Green weekend”? Join us, and you can make new friends and help protect the environment at the same time. 

Park Life

Do you like hanging out in the park with your friends? If so，why not take the chance to come with us and tidy up the park as you go？To add some fun, there is a gift for the person who collects the most rubbish! Meet us at the south entrance to Taohe Park at 9 a.m. next Saturday if you want to join in.

The Air You Breathe

A great way to make the air we breathe cleaner is by planting lots of trees！It is a fact that trees slowly filter（过滤）a lot of pollutants from the air. So come and help us plant some new ones in Fenhe Park at 2 p.m. next Sunday.

War on Graffiti（涂鸦）

Some people think graffiti is cool. Well, it is not! The best way to stop buildings from becoming totally covered in ugly graffiti is to get rid of it as soon as possible. And that is exactly what we are going to do. We are repainting the school walls from 1 p.m. on Saturday. You don’t have to bring any tools, just remember to wear some old clothes！

根据上面三个倡议的内容，选择正确答案。

12. The main purpose of “Clean & Green Weekend” is to   .

A. make our city more beautiful   

B. offer the chance to have fun

C. help students meet old friends 

D. have a nice weekend

13. The students who want to join in the rubbish collecting activity must meet    .

A. at 1 p.m. on Saturday           B. at 2 p.m. next Sunday  

C. at 9 a.m. next Saturday             D.at 3 a.m. on Sunday

14. If we’re going to repaint the school walls, we need to    .

  A. draw pictures well             B. wear some old clothes   

C. bring some tools with us          D. wear some new clothes

15. According to the passage, we know    .

  A. graffiti can make the buildings look cool

 B. the person who collects rubbish can get a gift

C. we can plant trees to improve the environment

D. we can draw pictures on the wall

12—15 ACBC

12.A  短文开头“Want to know...to live in?”意为“想知道做什么可以让我们的城市更适宜居住吗？”故选A。

13.C  第一则通知中“Meet us at the...to join in.”意为“如果你想加入请于下周早上9点在陶河公园南入口处集合”。故选C。

14.B  根据第三则通知可知“要记得穿上旧衣服”。故选B。

15.C  根据第三则通知可知“树木可以过滤来自空气中的污染物”。故选C。

============参考答案============

一、阅读理解

1、 1.A  2.A  3.C  4.B  5.C

【分析】文章讲述上海以及北京的垃圾分类政策；垃圾如何分类以及不按照政策实行将受到的惩罚；政府为了帮助居民正确的垃圾分类而采取的网上指导措施．

【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．题目问从这个故事中我们知道了什么，根据第二段Starting on May 1， Beijing joined many Chinese cities by introducing a new garbage﹣ sorting policy， People's Daily reported． 可知从5月1日开始，北京也进入了垃圾分类城市的行列，A选项意为5月1日北京开始了垃圾分类，与原文相符，故选A．

（2）A．细节理解题．题目意为其他垃圾与上海的____一样，根据第四段 And dry garbage is the same as other waste．可知干垃圾和其他垃圾是一样的，故选A．

（3）C．细节理解题．题目意为如果人类不遵守垃圾分类政策，____，根据第三段Those who fail to sort their trash correctly may face fines of up to 200 yuan， Xinhua reported．可知如果没有正确分类垃圾可能会被罚款，故选C．

（4）B．段落大意题．题目意为最后一段主要解释了____，根据最后一段To help residents sort their trash correctly，the Beijing government is offering online guidelines．可知为了帮助居民正确分类垃圾，北京政府提供在线指导，因此判断本段主要讲了政府如何帮助居民进行垃圾分类，故选B．

（5）C．文章来源题．题目意为我们可以在____里面读到这篇文章，根据第二段 Starting on May 1， Beijing joined many Chinese cities by introducing a new garbage﹣ sorting policy， People's Daily reported．可知本文主要讲的是有关垃圾分类的新闻，因此判断会在报纸上看到．故选C．

【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查．

2、  DCBDB

3、 1.C  2.B  3.A  4.B  5.C

【分析】地球的70%被海洋覆盖着，海洋是地球上大多数动植物的家园，为我们提供了我们呼吸的70%的氧气．然而海洋正面临着塑料污染、气候变化和海水温度上升等问题．联合国确立世界海洋日来提醒人们海洋的重要性．

【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据第1段中"Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater﹣the ocean．"可知地球上的百分之七十被海水覆盖．故选C．

（2）B．段落大意题．通读第2段内容，尤其是根据第2段内容最后一句"No matter where you live on the planet， no matter how far from the sea， your life is dependent on the ocean．"可知不管你住在地球上的哪个地方，不管离海有多远，你的生活都离不开海洋．因此可知本段主要讲述的是我们的生活依靠海洋生存．故选B．

（3）A．细节理解题．根据第3段中"The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution．"可知海洋面临的最大问题是塑料污染．故选A．

（4）B．细节理解题．根据第4段中"Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme weather．"可知不断上升的海水温度被视为极端天气增加的部分原因．故选B．

（5）C．细节理解题．根据最后一段中"The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways， including special events on the beach， river clean﹣ups， school activities， art contests and film festivals．"可知人们举办特别活动来庆祝世界海洋日．故选C．

【点评】题目要求根据短文内容回答问题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、从文中提取信息的能力及归纳概括能力．做题时，要根据不同的题型分情况作答．

4、 【短文大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述太空漫步。包括什么是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步时宇航员的安全保障、宇航员如何训练太空漫步以及人类太空漫步的历史。

26. 推理判断题。根据experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft可知，实验可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的实验都必须都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根据Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk可知，任何时候宇航员在太空中走出飞船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航员在太空中任何时候都可以从宇宙飞船中出来，偷换概念，排除C；根据For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things可知，实验可以在航天器的外部这件事可以让科学家知道太空是如何影响不同的事物的，排除D；根据By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix可知，通过太空行走，宇航员可以修东西而不用将他们带回地球修，故选A。

27. 细节理解题。根据When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe、To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door、When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft以及Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER可知，宇航员可以穿航天服、通过一个特别的门离开和返回航天器、用安全绳或者穿舱外活动简便救援装置，共四种，故选C。

28. 词义猜测题。根据When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，当太空漫步时，宇航员使用安全拴绳来与航天器保持近距离，安全绳像一个绳子，连接着太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一个绳子，所以是系绳，故选B。

29. 细节理解题。根据One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool以及Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality可知，要么去特别的游泳池漂浮练习太空行走，要么使用虚拟现实练习太空行走，故选B。

30. 细节理解题。根据Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China可知，中国能独立地完成太空行走，排除A；根据Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink可知，宇航员能够在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根据SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space可知，宇航员可以在里面移动，排除C；根据The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia可知，第一个太空行走的人是苏联的阿里克谢列昂诺夫。故选D。

5、 【2019 • 浙江杭州】下面文章中有五处（第16﹣20题）需要添加首句．请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。

Where you sit and how you fit

16　   　For more than seventy years, researchers and teachers have studied the link between the place where students choose to sit in class and what they are like as people and learners. Where do you usually decide to sit? Have you ever really thought about the reasons for your decision?

17　   　But is this really true? Well, some researchers say it is not. In fact, shy students often choose the back row because it is far away from the teacher and they don’t want to answer questions. At the back, students probably won't speak much, but in big classrooms, it can be hard to see the board and hear what the teacher is saying. This could be the reason why students who sit here often get lower grades on tests and exams. For students with poor eyesight or hearing, a seat at the back of the classroom is not a good choice.

18　   　However, they like watching and listening rather than joining in. These students are usually also very good at taking notes. Next time you miss a class, borrow notes from someone who sits here.On the sides of the classroom you will generally find modest and thoughtful people. These people usually get good grades in school and are interested in learning.

19　   　Then the statistics（统计数据） say you probably like your teacher. You probably also have a good relationship with your classmates. Caring, outgoing, and cheerful people usually sit in the middle. They are normally serious about learning and feel disappointed with low grades on tests and exams.

20　   　Students who sit here usually want to discuss things with the teacher and are often very interested in the subject. They want to be in the best place to see and hear everything the teacher does and says. The only problem with sitting here is that it can be difficult to see and hear what other students do and say in class.

So, if you really want to hear what everyone says in class, choose a different place to sit.

A.You probably sit right at the front of the class if you're longing for knowledge.

B. Research suggests that the seat you choose in the classroom says a lot about you and your personality.

C. Do you sit in the middle of the classroom?

D. This means it's a good idea to sit in a different place every day.

E. People often think that students who sit at the back are lazy.

F. Students who sit at the side of the classroom are normally interested in class.

16. B。由原文researchers and teachers have studied the link between the place where students choose to sit in class and what they are like可知此处讲的是座位和性格有关系。

17. E。由原文shy students often choose the back row此处讲的是坐后排的学生的性格。

18. F。由原文On the sides of the classroom you will generally find modest and thoughtful people可知此处讲的是坐在两边的学生。

19. C。由原文Caring, outgoing, and cheerful people usually sit in the middle可知此处讲的是坐在中间的学生。

20. A。由原文The only problem with sitting here is that it can be difficult to see and hear what other students do and say in class可知此处讲的是坐在前排的学生。