2023届高考英语二轮复习介词和介词短语课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习介词和介词短语课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精讲，表示时间的介词，一　介词，难点释疑，finding　，解题策略，beyond　，to　，against　，易错聚焦等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2．表示方位的at，in，n，t
3．表示方位的acrss，thrugh，ver，past
4．表示范围的between，amng
特别提示：①between有时可用于涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系。the difference between the three f them他们三者之间的区别the relatins between varius cuntries各国之间的关系②amng可用来引出最高级的比较范围。The bk is the best amng the mdern nvels.在现代小说中这本是最好的。
1．表示交通方式的by，in，n“by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in，n 后的名词必须有冠词或代词等。He ges t wrk by car every day.他每天开车去上班。He ges t wrk in his car/n his bike every day.他每天开车/骑车去上班。
2．表示“用……”的by，in，withby侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前； in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。
He earned his living by selling newspapers.他通过卖报纸谋生。Please write the answer in ink.请用墨水写答案。They are digging with spades.他们在用铁锹挖。
3．表示“除……外”的 except，besidesexcept表示“除……之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；besides表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的。All my friends tk part in the cmpetitin except Jhn.除了约翰我所有的朋友都参加了竞赛。He has learned German and French besides English.除了英语他还学了德语和法语。
4．表示原因或理由的fr, at, frm, f, withfr表示原因，常与srry, famus, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……”。frm指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。f指“内在的原因”，如疾病、饥饿等。with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。I am srry fr what I said t yu.我很抱歉对你讲那些话。He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。
He died frm the wund.他因受伤而死亡。The ld man died f hunger.老人死于饥饿。He was shaking with anger.他气得浑身发抖。
5．表示“如，像”的as，likeas表示“如，像”时，可以用作介词，也可用作连词。like表示“如，像”时，通常用作介词。like含有“好像是”之意，意指“实际上不是”。而as表示“作为”，意指“实际上是”。二者不可在同一个语境中同时使用。I lng t fly like a bird in the sky.我渴望像鸟儿一样在空中飞翔。They were all dressed as clwns.他们都打扮成小丑。
二　介词短语介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常见的有：(一)介词与名词的常用搭配1．at＋名词at sea 茫然，在大海上at table在吃饭at will任意地
2．beynd＋名词beynd descriptin难以形容beynd dubt无疑beynd ne’s reach够不着3．by＋名词by mistake错误地
4．in＋名词in advance事先，提前in cmmn共有，共同in need需要in turn轮流in sight看得见in the way挡道，妨碍
5．in＋名词＋fin terms f就……而言in need f需要in favr f支持，赞成in search f寻找in the frm f以……形式
in place f代替in frnt f在……前面in case f假使in hnur f为纪念in spite f尽管in charge f掌管，负责
6．n＋名词n purpse故意地n behalf f代表n leave在休假n time准时
7．ut f＋名词ut f sight看不见ut f reach够不着ut f rder发生故障ut f cntrl失去控制
(二)介词与形容词的常用搭配1．be＋adj. ＋abutbe anxius abut忧虑……be curius abut对……好奇be particular abut对……讲究/挑剔be wrried/cncerned abut对……担心
2．be＋adj. ＋atbe angry at因……生气be gd at擅长be astnished at对……吃惊be present at出席
3．be＋adj. ＋inbe absrbed in专注于……be active in积极于……be dressed in穿着……be engaged in忙于……be rich in富含……be ccupied in忙于……
4．be＋adj. ＋frbe eager fr渴望……be famus fr以……著名be fit fr适合，胜任……be ready fr准备好……be srry fr对……感到抱歉be prepared fr为……做好准备
5．be＋adj. ＋frmbe absent frm缺席be different frm不同于be far frm远离be free frm不受……影响
6．be＋adj. ＋tbe clse t接近……be devted t致力于……be equal t等于……be familiar t对……来说熟悉
be friendly t对……友好be harmful t对……有危害be kind t对……友好be similar t与……相似be grateful t对……心存感激
7．be＋adj. ＋fbe aware f意识到……be fnd f喜欢……be prud f因……而自豪be shrt f缺乏……
8．be＋adj. ＋withbe busy with忙于……be familiar with对……熟悉be cmbined with与……结合be patient with对……有耐心be ppular with受……的欢迎be pleased with对……感到满意be angry with (sb. )对(某人)发怒
(三)与名词构成的常用搭配1．“at＋n. ”表示状态at peace处于和平中at a lss不知所措at wrk在工作at war 在战争中2．“n＋n. ”表示状态n exhibitin/shw在展出n fire 着火n sale出售；打折n the way在途中
3．“by＋n. ”表示方式by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然by cincidence 碰巧4．“in＋n. ” 表示方式in cash用现金付款in depth在深度上in detail详细地in height在高度上5．“f＋n. ”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)f benefit有益处的f help有帮助的
6．“ut f＋n. ”表示状态ut f balance失去平衡ut f breath上气不接下气7．“with＋n. ”表示方式with delight/jy高兴地with difficulty困难地
难点一　介词的省略1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each, sme，any，all等时，介词常省略。We watched an exciting ftball match last week.上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Cme any day yu like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。An apple a day keeps the dctr away.每天一个苹果，医生远离我。3．习惯搭配中介词的省略一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend sme time(in) ding sth. ，waste sme time(in)ding sth. ，have difficulty/truble(in) ding sth. ，be busy(in)ding sth. , stp/prevent sb. (frm) ding sth. 等。
【典例】 I had great difficulty __________ (find) the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.解析：分析句子结构可知，题干中含有have difficulty (in) ding sth. 结构，在该结构中介词in常可省略。所以填finding。
难点二　介词不可遗漏的问题1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。The children have been taken gd care f in the kindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。The prblem is well wrth paying attentin t.这个问题很值得关注。
3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。The library which we ften g t is nt far away frm ur schl.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
策略一　分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。然后再根据句意确定合适的介词。【典例】　We shuld talk abut the things _________ the children’s understanding in a simple way.解析：句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beynd“超出，为……所不能及”，符合句意。
策略二　记牢搭配1．注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；2．注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或withut。【典例】 In sme cases，different appraches _____ the same scientific prblem lead t cnflicting theries.解析：句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的理论。apprach t “……的方法”，是固定搭配。
策略三　注意一词多义【典例】　Yu shuld fly yur kite __________ the wind，r it cannt fly high.解析：句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆着，迎着”，符合语境。
2．因不熟悉介词的语法功能和不同搭配而造成的语句混乱、搭配不当等错误(误)I ften cme t schl take bus, but smetimes I cme by my father’s car.(正)I ften cme t schl by bus, but smetimes I cme in my father’s car.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1． (2020·浙江卷)Sme time after 10,000 BC，peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived _____，thrugh agriculture.解析：考查介词。句意：公元前10 000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived ________ ”应是之前名词the wrld 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the wrld。 live in＋名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2． (2020·浙江卷)Farming prduced mre fd per persn _______ hunting and gathering，s peple were able t raise mre children.解析：考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。mre… than，意为“比……更。”故填than。
3． (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s _______ the familiar near side.解析：考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级mre s可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
4． (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _____ earth, Mther Nature.解析：考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为n earth。故填n。
5． (2019·浙江卷)The answer _____ this questin is nt clear.解析：考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer t … 这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填t。6． (2018·浙江卷)If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme ______ dinner, get a few cking tips frm her.解析：考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词fr。故填fr。
7． (全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity (医学界) _____ a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side effects such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.解析：此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。
8． (全国卷Ⅲ)After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree _____ engineering r architecture.解析：关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering r architecture“工程学或建筑学学位”。
9． (全国卷Ⅲ)Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat _______ their hands.解析：with ne’s hands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。10． (全国卷Ⅰ)Fr thse wh fly t Guilin, it’s nly an hur away ____ car and ffers all the scenery f the better knwn city.解析：根据句意可知，此处表示“驱车只有一个小时的路程”。“by＋交通工具名词”表示乘坐交通工具。故填by。
11．(广东)One day, the cw was eating grass when it began t rain heavily. While making great effrts t run away, she fell ver the hill and died. Then the Jhnsns had t make a living __________ the cw.解析：根据句意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Jhnsn一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填withut。
12． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds _________ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm cnsistently ver a large area.解析：考查介词。此处tracking plar bear ppulatins作mdern methds的定语，用f 连接，“methds f ding sth. ”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用fr。故填f/fr。
13．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dgs，seven t be exact.解析：考查介词。a pack f意为“一群”。故填f。14．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching ______ these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.解析：考查动词短语搭配。search fr是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地的大猩猩。故填fr。
15．(全国卷Ⅱ)It(the first undergrund passenger railway) ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and _______ wrk.解析：travel t and frm wrk“上下班”。故填frm。16．(全国卷Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back _____ my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s.解析：g back t为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。故填t。
17．(全国卷Ⅱ)Mst f us are mre fcused _____ ur tasks in the mrning than we are later in the day.解析：句意：我们中的很多人早晨的注意力要比一天中晚些时候的注意力更集中。 be fcused n“专心于，集中于”，为固定短语。故填n。
18．(全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh t cl the huse during the ht day; _____ the same time, they warm up again fr the night.解析：at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用的介词短语。故填at。19．(新课标全国Ⅱ)When the bus finally came, we all hurried n bard. I gt a place next _____ the windw, s I had a gd view f the sidewalk.解析：此处考查一个固定短语next t，意为“挨着”。故填t。
Ⅱ．单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．(2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)After that I pured il int a pan and turned ff the stve, I waited patiently until the il was ht.将ff改为n 解析：考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I pured il int a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn n，故将ff改为n。
2．(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such that we can practice tgether n every day.去掉n 解析：考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词n后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故n多余，应去掉。
3．(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)I’m glad t knw that yu’ve cme China t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn.cme后加t 解析：考查介词。句意：我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子，此处cme为不及物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。cme t 译为“来到”是固定短语。故在cme 和China之间加t。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end f ur trip, I tld my father that I planned t return fr every tw years, and he agreed.去掉fr 解析：考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除fr。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling t play the games fr them smetimes.fr→with 解析：考查介词。play the games with sb．表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把fr改为with。
6．(全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tny went t a shpping center with his parents． It was very crwded． Tny saw a ty n a shp windw.n→in 解析：玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。7．(陕西)My sccer cach retired in last week.去掉in 解析：last week上个星期，前面无需加介词。
8．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)When I studied chemistry high schl, I recnsidered my gal and decided t be a dctr.在high schl前加in/at 解析：考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high schl前加in/at。
9．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷) I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.去掉like 解析：考查介词。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。
10．(全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came t a sudden stp just in the middle n the rad.n→f 解析：in the middle f… 在……的中间，是固定搭配。11．(全国卷Ⅱ)They have als bught fr sme gardening tls.去掉fr 解析：表示“买某物”直接用buy sth．。buy还可用于buy sb． sth．或buy sth． fr sb．表示“为某人买某物”。
12．(全国卷Ⅲ)When I lk at this picture f myself, I realize f hw fast time flies.去掉f 解析：realize“认识到，意识到”，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。13．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becming rich in a shrt perid f time.dreams后加f 解析：固定短语dream f ding sth．意为“梦想做某事”。
14．(浙江)While they chatted, my father wuld lift my sister and me up t sit in the tp f the fridge.in→n 解析：n the tp f… 为固定搭配，意为“在……的上面/顶端”。故将in改成n。
15．(四川)Dad cleaned the huse, and then went n shpping.去掉n 解析：g shpping去购物；g n shpping继续购物。16．(四川)Please help with me and give me sme advice.去掉with 解析：动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故删除with。
Ⅲ．语法填空(介词专练)I was in a restaurant. I nticed an elderly cuple 1._______ a balln tied t their table. When I asked them what the ccasin was, they tld me it was their 50th wedding anniversary. I was glad and sad 2.______ them at the same time. I was glad because they still cherished each ther. I was sad because they were 3._____ their wn, withut any children r friends.
After I went back t my table I thught I shuld pay their bill. I tried t d it, and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiusly wh they were 4._____ me. Finally，I tld them I wrked in a church and felt it was my duty t d s. The elderly cuple were surprised and speechless when tld a ttal stranger had paid 5.______ them. All f us were nearly 6._____ tears: the cuple, the manager, the waitresses and me.
Tw mnths later I gt a call 7._______ a newspaper telling me my simple act f kindness was reprted. I wasn’t expecting anything 8._____ return, but I became famus 9.______ that act f kindness. What wuld and culd happen 10._____ us if we always practice such acts f kindness n family, friends, neighbrs and strangers?文章大意：“我”的一个小小的善意之举让许多人感动并被报纸报道。
解析：1．此处介词with与后面内容构成with复合结构。故填with。2．句意：我为他们既高兴又难过。fr“为……；替……”。故填fr。3．n ne’s wn“独自地”为固定短语。故填n。4．句意：……他们对我来说是谁。t me“对我”。故填t。5．pay fr… “为……付款”，为固定短语。故填fr。
6．in tears“流着泪，含着泪”。故填in。7．get a call frm… “接到……的电话”。故填frm。8．in return“作为回报；作为报答”为固定短语。故填in。9．became famus fr… “因……而出名；以……而闻名”。故填fr。10．sth． happen t sb．“某人发生某事”为动词happen的固定结构。故填t。
Ⅳ．短文改错(2021·唐山模拟)Being a teacher is always believed t be ne f greatest ccupatins, because teachers make great cntributins fr the wrld. Last week, I gt a chance t experience teaching students. Our schl asked us t teachsme kids live in the cuntryside. The kids was s happythat they gave me a warm welcme. I teach them Englishand after class, we played games happily. We had a lt ffuns tgether. When I returned back t schl，I missedthe students s much. They like me but sme f themhave kept in tuch with me ever since. I feel s prudly fbeing a teacher.