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2022-2023学年上海外国语大学附属大境中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海外国语大学附属大境中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共26页。试卷主要包含了” he said， until##till， that##which， lying 5， smething， will be left， are facing， J 16等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年上海外国语大学附属中学大境中学高二上学期
期中考试英语试卷
I. Listening comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Wintry Scenes from a Swedish Wonderland
I always give the same advice to ambitious photographers: Wherever home is, that’s where you should begin. Having lived and worked everywhere but in Sweden for most of my life, I was terrible at following it myself. For me, Sweden has always been a place to relax and spend time with family. I’ve never explored it in the same way I’ve explored destinations like Zambia ____1____ now.
With all of my foreign trips ____2____ (cancel) this year, I decided to travel north from my home near Stockholm. What began as a two-week trip quickly turned into journeys ____3____, both starting and finishing in midwinter, lasted the entire year.
Climate change doesn’t have any impact on the length of our daylight. And yet, ____4____ (lie) on the back staring up at the magical light show of the aurora borealis (北极光), I hardly minded the lack of daylight. Instead, ____5____ caught my attention was the fascinating beauty of the white, frozen landscapes and the endless shades of blue.
But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me ____6____ else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.”
He shook his head. “Not a forest, just a plantation. Soon, this is what ____7____ (leave).” he said. For over half a century now, the ancient forests that once seemed endless continue ____8____ (cut) down. The Sami that live mainly in the northern areas ____9____ (face) an existential crisis. Their lives and culture are closely linked to the ancient forests and the reindeer (驯鹿) there. The slow growing lichen (地衣) and mushrooms upon which the reindeer depend for survival are not found in plantations. So, the death of one _____10_____ mean the death of the other, and an uncertain future for an entire people.
We are not visitors in nature and it’s essential for our own survival as well as that of the natural world.
【答案】1. until##till
2. canceled##cancelled
3. that##which
4. lying 5. what
6. something
7. will be left
8. to be cut##being cut
9. are facing
10. can##may##might##could
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在赞比亚的探索之旅以及感悟。
【1题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：到目前为止，我从未像探索赞比亚这样的目的地那样去探索它。结合句意表示“到现在为止”可知短语为until/till now。故填until/till。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于今年所有的国外旅行都取消了，我决定从斯德哥尔摩附近的家往北走。此处为with的复合结构，cancel与all of my foreign trips构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填canceled/cancelled。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：开始的两周旅行很快变成了在隆冬开始和结束的旅行，持续了整整一年。此处为定语从句修饰先行词journeys，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，躺在床上凝视着神奇的北极光秀，我几乎不介意缺少日光。分析句子结构可知lie在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填lying。
【5题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：相反，吸引我的是白色、冰冻的风景和无尽的蓝色阴影的迷人之美。引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事情，应用what引导。故填what。
【6题详解】
考查代词。句意：但我在拉普兰宾馆的主人Johan Stenevad向我展示了其他东西。结合句意表示“其他东西”短语为something else。故填something。
【7题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：很快，就只剩下这些了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示将来的动作应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be left。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的半个多世纪里，曾经看似无尽的古老森林继续被砍伐。表示“继续做某事”短语为continue to do sth./doing sth.，且cut与forests构成被动关系。故填to be cut/being cut。
【9题详解】
考查时态。句意：主要生活在北部地区的萨米人正面临生存危机。表示目前正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为The Sami，谓语用复数。故填are facing。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：因此，一个人的死亡可能意味着另一个人的死亡，整个民族的未来也不确定。根据“an uncertain future for an entire people”可知，此处表示不确定推测，表示“可能”，应用情态动词can/may/might/could。故填can/may/might/could。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. exchanges B. unseen C. building D. initiatives E. jointly
F. broadening G. predicted H. popularizing I. mainstream J. shouldering K. enters
SAO PAULO, Oct. 31 (Xinhua)— Media representatives from the BRICS countries discussed the development of new media technologies and adopted an action plan to promote cooperation at the fourth BRICS Media Forum here on Thursday.
The forum, which was held on Oct. 30-31, gathered nearly 100 representatives from 55 ____11____ media organizations of the group's member countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the theme of "Strengthening Media Cooperation in Building the BRICS Community with a Shared Future," the forum, jointly organized by China's Xinhua News Agency and Brazil's CMA Group, is aimed at deepening media ____12____ and pragmatic cooperation among the BRICS countries.
Chen Peijie, China's consul general in Sao Paulo, said in her opening ceremony speech that the achievements of BRICS cooperation and the bloc's international influence cannot be separated from the media's efforts.
As the BRICS cooperation ___13___ its second "golden decade," media cooperation will be crucial, she said. He Ping, editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, said in a keynote speech at the event that the world is undergoing profound changes ____14____ in a century, and the BRICS countries need more than ever to take on global responsibilities.
As chroniclers of history, the BRICS media are ____15____ the important task of promoting cooperation and face a rare opportunity to work hand in hand for progress, He said. He proposed four ____16____ to strengthen the cooperation of the BRICS media. He suggested the BRICS media ____17____the bloc's development, and actively reflecting economic, cultural, social and environmental achievements made by the BRICS countries. He then called for telling stories of people-to-people exchanges. He also proposed ____18____a digital media that keeps pace with the times and jointly promote the development and application of new technologies. Moreover, He called for ____19____the areas of exchanges and mutual assistance. He said the BRICS media need to expand cooperation in news reporting, professional training, personnel training, financial information services and think tank exchanges.
Jose Sanchez, co-chairman of the forum and president of financial information provider CMA Group, said in his speech that the media of the BRICS countries should ____20____ raise their voices to promote a more fair international public opinion landscape.
【答案】11. I 12. A
13. K 14. B
15. J 16. D
17. H 18. C
19. F 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。10月31日，新华社报道来自金砖国家的媒体代表在周四举行的第四届金砖国家媒体论坛上讨论了发展新媒体技术，并通过了促进合作的行动计划。文章介绍了此次论坛主题以及各个成员国主流媒体代表的意见看法。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：论坛于10月30日至31日举行，有来自该组织55个成员国——巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非——的近100名主流媒体代表参加。结合句意表示“主流”可知应填名词mainstream，作定语。故填mainstream。故选I。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：论坛以“加强媒体合作，共建金砖命运共同体”为主题，由中国新华社和巴西报业集团共同主办，旨在深化金砖国家媒体交流和务实合作。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“交流”可知应填名词exchange，前文没有冠词故用复数。故填exchanges。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：她说，随着金砖国家合作进入第二个“黄金十年”，媒体合作至关重要。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“进入”可知用动词enter，此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且主语为the BRICS cooperation，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填enters。故选K。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：新华社总编辑何平在会上发表主旨演讲称，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，金砖国家比以往任何时候都更需要承担起全球责任。结合语境表示“未有的，未见过的”应用形容词unseen，作定语。故填unseen。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为历史的记录者，金砖国家媒体肩负着促进合作的重要任务，也面临着携手共进的难得机遇。空处作谓语，表示“肩负”应用动词shoulder，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填shouldering。故选J。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：他提出加强金砖国家媒体合作的“四项倡议”。空处作宾语，表示“倡议”应用名词initiative，且由four修饰应用复数。故填initiatives。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议金砖国家媒体宣传金砖国家发展，积极反映金砖国家在经济、文化、社会、环境等领域取得的成就。表示“建议某人做某事”短语为suggest sb. doing sth.。故填popularizing。故选H。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他还建议要建设与时俱进的数字媒体，共同推动新技术的发展和应用。结合句意表示“建议做某事”短语为propose doing sth.。故填building。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，他呼吁扩大交流和互助领域。空处作介词for的宾语，表示“扩大”应用动名词broadening。故填broadening。故选F。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：论坛联合主席、金融信息提供商CMA集团总裁Jose Sanchez在演讲中表示，金砖国家媒体应该共同发出声音，促进更加公平的国际舆论格局。修饰后文动词raise，表示“共同”应用副词jointly，作状语。故填jointly。故选E。
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstrom, a marketing consultant is correct, trying to ___21___ the advertisement is about to get especially hard.
83% of all forms of advertising principally ___22___ only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans (广告语) to catch our ear, ___23___ everyday sounds — a steak sizzling (发嘶嘶声), a baby laughing and other sounds we can't help paying attention to. Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___24___ to resist them.
According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive, both in terms of interest and ___25___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful — the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.
In all of these cases, it doesn’t need an experienced advertisement designer to invent the sounds, associate them with meanings and then play them over and over until the subjects ___26___ them. Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___27___: hunger, thirst or happy expectation.
Some TV ads have already given viewers close-up shots of meat with sizzling sounds. And retailers are ___28___. Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.
Of course, this doesn’t mean that advertisers can just press the audio button ___29___ and consumers will come eagerly. Indeed, sometimes customers flee. In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ____30____. That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ____31____ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ____32____, because people so often hear it when they’re restarting the computer after it ____33____. In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ____34____ it entirely.
Lindstrom’s experiment also shows that people respond to a sound better when it’s ____35____. If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.
21. A. tune out B. admit to C. depend on D. take over
22. A. evaluate B. spoil C. engage D. portray
23. A. classifying B. ignoring C. challenging D. representing
24. A. sensible B. selfish C. powerless D. pleasant
25. A. hollow B. positive C. violent D. foreign
26. A. infer B. reject C. internalize D. perform
27. A. consumption B. reaction C. favor D. spread
28. A. following suit B. cooling down C. losing heart D. taking risks
29. A. on guard B. with ease C. under way D. in reality
30. A. disliked B. observed C. represented D. enveloped
31. A. objective B. temporary C. mysterious D. annoying
32. A. association B. agreement C. tip D. symptom
33. A. responded B. revived C. crashed D. persisted
34. A. replace B. rescue C. balance D. refund
35. A. optional B. random C. specific D. faint
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多数广告主要通过视觉方面吸引我们的注意力，但也有不少通过广告标语的播放来引起我们的关注。本文还分析了为什么消费者对于不同的广告声音有不同的反应。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果市场营销顾问Martin Lindstrom是对的，那么尝试不关注广告将会变得特别难。A. tune out不理睬；B. admit to承认；C. depend on依靠；D. take over接管。根据前文“Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business.”以及后文“83% of all forms of advertising principally ___2___ only one of our senses: sight.”可知，广告行业即使在经济困难时期依然有利可图，而广告主要通过视觉来吸引我们的注意力。换言之，我们想要摆脱掉广告，不去注意它们，不去理会它们相当困难。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：83%的广告形式主要是吸引我们的一个感官：视觉。A. evaluate评估；B. spoil毁坏；C. engage吸引；D. portray描绘。根据后文“Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it.”可知，广告商会利用听觉与视觉效果去吸引消费注意力，只不过听觉被利用地很有限。换言之，视觉是主要用来吸引消费者注意力的方式。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从历史上看，广告一直依靠口号来吸引我们的耳朵，代表着日常的声音——牛排的咝咝声、婴儿的笑声和其他我们忍不住关注的声音。A. classifying分类；B. ignoring忽视；C. challenging挑战；D. representing代表。根据后文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”可知，广告商会把我们每天常常听到的声音放到广告标语里来吸引我们的关注，因为这些声音很有代表性。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把这些声音融入到广告当中，我们消费者可能对此没有抵抗力。A. sensible理智的；B. selfish自私的；C. powerless无能为力的；D. pleasant令人愉悦的。根据后文“According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive,both in terms of interest and ___5___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.”可知，我们每天常常听到的声音诸如小孩的笑声是有趣且有积极的情感影响，因此对于这些声音放到广告标语里我们是没有能力去抵抗的。故选C项。
25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据Lindstrom，婴儿的笑声是我们每天听到的声音中最令人印象深刻的，因为它既有趣又传达积极的情绪。A. hollow中空的；B. positive积极的；C. violent暴力的；D. foreign国外的。根据后文“The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured. ”可知，其它有影响力的声音还有汽车引擎声以及苏打水喷出来的声音，但这些声音都不如婴儿笑声更令人印象深刻。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的例子都表明并不需要一个有经验的广告设计师来发明出声音，赋予它们含义，然后一遍又一遍地播放着这些声音直到广告针对的对象把它们内化到骨子里。A. infer推断；B. reject拒绝；C. internalize使内化；D. perform表演。根据前文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”以及后文“Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___7___ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.”可知，我们每天听到的声音有着它们特殊的意义，会带来某种情绪上的反应，所以我们很难不去听广告标语。因此广告标语实际上就是不断重复播放某个声音，然后目标客户自然而然地将这些声音内化了。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反而，那些每天听到的声音已经有它们对应的含义，并且能引起某种反应：饥饿感、口渴或者是快乐的期待。A. consumption消费；B. reaction反应；C. favor赞成；D. spread传播。根据空格后面的“hunger, thirst or happy expectation”可知，饥饿感、口渴以及快乐的期待是这些日常听到的声音所带来的具体的反应。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些电视广告给观众看正在发出嘶嘶声的肉的近距离的镜头。一些零售商也跟着效仿。A. following suit效仿；B. cooling down冷却下来；C. losing heart气馁；D. taking risks冒险。根据后文“Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.”可知，零售商们在他们要卖的产品的区域播放相关产品的声音来达到吸引顾客的目的。他们的做法其实就是模仿了电视广告的做法。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这并不意味广告商们只要轻轻松松按下声音的播放按钮，就会有顾客急切地过来消费。A. on guard警戒；B. with ease轻松地、容易地；C. under way在进行中；D. in reality事实上。根据后文“Indeed, sometimes customers flee.”可知，播放顾客熟悉的那些日常声音的做法并不是百试百灵，也要失败的时候，顾客也会选择离开而不去购买相关产品。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在手机刚出现的早些年，英国很多人能够听出某个品牌手机的铃声，但很快这些铃声就不受待见了。A. disliked不喜欢；B. observed观察；C. represented代表；D. enveloped包围。根据后文“That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ___11___ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ___12___ , because people so often hear it when they're restarting the computer after it ___13___ .”可知，有些声音不适合某些场合使用或者这些声音有着消极的意义。因此，这些声音听久了也会让人厌烦。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom说这部分原因是很少手机用户会遵守手机的使用规则，所以像在影院这些地方会经常发生一些令人恼火的事。A. objective客观的；B. temporary短暂的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据前文“In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ___10___ .”可知，正是因为某些声音经常被播放，慢慢的就引起人们的反感。因此，在影院等地方听到手机铃声响是令人恼火的。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. association联想；B. agreement同意；C. tip提示；D. symptom症状。根据后文“In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ___14___ it entirely.”可知，一些如电脑开机声令人厌烦，生产商该去修改这些声音，因为它们会让人们产生消极的联想。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. responded回应；B. revived复苏；C. crashed崩溃；D. persisted坚持。根据 本句中的“when they're restarting the computer”可知，重启电脑也会听到开机声。也就是说电脑出故障崩溃了需要重启。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些例子中，生产商们不妨修正一下这些令人厌烦的声音或者完全替换掉它们。A. replace取代；B. rescue救援；C. balance平衡；D. refund退款。根据“manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound”可知，要么对这些声音做改进，要么就替换掉它们。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom的实验也表明了当一个声音很微弱时，人们对这个声音的反应会更好。A. optional可选择的；B. random随机的；C. specific具体的；D. faint微弱的。根据后文“If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.”可知，要是没有其他可想的办法，至少把声音降低或许会更好。因此，播放的声音小的可能有不一样的效果。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of American’s persistent problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay’s, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they sanitize the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding and liners from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around,” Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow volunteers. “They are dedicated to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told the media: “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
36. What does the Chip Bag Project call on people to do?
A. To throw empty chip bags into dustbins
B. To bring empty chip bags to appointed locations
C. To donate them to those homeless
D. To sanitize empty chip bags for recycle
37. The underlined word “line” in the 2nd paragraph probably means _________?
A. charge B. protect C. load D. fill
38. What is the motivation of Oleita to carry out the Chip Bag Project?
A. To lead a better life with her immigrated family in U.S.A
B. To launch a charity project with other volunteers in school time.
C. To make a difference both socially and environmentally.
D. To help those homeless by giving them handmade sleeping bags.
39. According to the passage, what is Oleita like?
A. adaptable and extroverted
B. creative and warm-hearted
C. aggressive and capable
D. modest and generous
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了奥利塔创建的Chip Bag Project，通过回收空薯片袋制作睡袋，然后捐赠给无家可归的人，通过这种方式对社会和环境产生影响。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless”（与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋）可知，“薯片袋计划”呼吁人们把空薯片袋捐给那些无家可归的人。故选C项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段关键句“Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.”（与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠给她，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。）可知，奥利塔想用空薯片袋制作睡袋；根据画线单词所在句上句“After they sanitize the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together.”（在用肥皂热水清洗薯片袋后，他们将其切开，平放，然后将其熨在一起。）可知，要想制作睡袋，要将薯片袋切开，平放，然后将其熨在一起，由此可知，最后一个步骤是使用旧外套的衬垫和衬里来填充内部，这样才能做出睡袋，“fill”意为“填充”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “They are dedicated to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.”（但这仅仅是奥利塔——她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望能过上更好的生活——和她的志愿者同伴的目标的一半。“他们不仅致力于对社会产生影响，而且致力于对环境产生影响，”她说。）可知，奥利塔和她的志愿者同伴的目标是对社会和环境产生影响，由此可知，奥利塔实施Chip Bag Project的动机是对社会和环境产生影响。故选C项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.”（与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠给她，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。）和倒数第二段关键句“Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags.”（自2020年启动以来，Chip Bag Project已收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已创造了110个睡袋。）可知，奥利塔能够想到用空薯片袋制作睡袋，说明她是一个有创造力的人，她把薯片袋捐赠给无家可归的人，截至去年12月，已捐赠了110个睡袋，由此可知，她是个热心的人，综上所述，奥利塔是有创造力的和热心的人。故选B项。
(B)
Get help in emergencies big or small.
With the fastest call response time, this completely mobile all-in-one medical alert needs no additional equipment or base station. You can go anywhere with it and reach our certified (有保证的) Urgent Response Agents anytime, day or night. And with low monthly plans, it’s one of the most affordable medical alert devices you can buy.
Our all-in-one medical alert gets you help at the touch of a button.
Enhanced GPS
Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need.
Two-way communication
Clear, two-way voice communication makes it easy to speak with Urgent Response Agents, board-certified doctors and nurses.
No base station
The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device. It needs no additional equipment or base station, so you can take it anywhere.
Waterproof
The Lively Mobile Plus is waterproof, so you can even wear it in the shower, where most falls occur.
Long-lasting battery
With up to 80 hours of standby time, you can charge the Lively Mobile Plus when it’s convenient for you.
Wear it many ways
The Lively Mobile Plus is easy to wear wherever you go. Clip (别住) it on your belt, carry it in your purse or wear it around your neck on the Fall Detection Lanyard.
Stay connected, safe and healthy at home or on the go with these Lively services.
Get help in emergencies 24/7 from Urgent Response Agents.
Just press the Urgent Response button and we’ll confirm your location, assess the situation, and get you the help you need.
Speak to a doctor or nurse 24/7 from the comfort of your home.
Board-certified doctors and registered nurses can answer your medical questions, order prescriptions (处方) for common medications and more.
Keep loved ones updated on your health and safety.
The Lively Link app helps you stay independent and reassures friends and family by sending an alert to their smartphones if you call Urgent Response.
Your device automatically connects you to an Agent.
With available Lively Fall Detection, we can send help even if you’re unable to press the button.
Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package.
$24.99/MO.
Services Included
Urgent Response
$29.99/MO.
Services Included
Urgent Response
Urgent Care
Lively Link
$39.99/MO.
Services Included
Urgent Response
Urgent Care
Lively Link
Fall Detection
40. Lively Mobile Plus mainly aims at providing _____.
A. emergency medical help B. connection with loved people
C. online safety consultation D. round-the-clock health management
41. Which of the following is one of the features of Lively Mobile Plus?
A. It can locate the user precisely.
B. It can prevent the user from falling.
C. It can charge itself whenever necessary.
D. It can connect the user to the appointed doctor.
42. If you want to buy a Lively Mobile Plus with the extra service of fall detection, you need to pay at least ________ for the first month.
A. $29.99. B. $39.99.
C. $64.98. D. $89.98.
【答案】40. A 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要推广Lively Mobile Plus一种可移动的一体化医疗警报器。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格开头部分“Get help in emergencies big or small.（在大大小小的紧急情况下寻求帮助）”以及表格中No base部分中“The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device.（Lively Mobile Plus是一款真正的移动医疗设备）”可知Lively Mobile Plus主要致力于提供紧急医疗帮助。故选A项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中Enhanced GPS部分中“Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need.（Lively Mobile Plus增强了GPS的准确性，所以代理商可以快速确认您的精确位置，并得到您需要的帮助）”可知Lively Mobile Plus的功能之一是它可以精确地定位用户。故选A项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中“Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package.（用活泼的健康与安全套装添加适合您的服务）”中的Ultimate Package部分可知增加带有额外跌倒检测服务需支付$39.99，再加上机器本身的价格$49.99，所以一共需支付$89.98。故选D项。
(C)
During the most isolating worldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness.
As a group, humans develop being around others, but how much and what kind of contact each person needs to feel part of a community varies among individuals as well as over one person’s stage of life. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two,” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor of medicine at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through retirement or death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.
With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with the feeling — like depression and early death, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That’s why, experts say, it’s also time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.
“When it comes to fighting loneliness, the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it, but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,” Perissinotto said. “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.” And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness, interaction doesn’t mean fulfilment for everyone, according to Hawkley, a principal research scientist at the University of Chicago. “People can be around others and feel lonely anyway or they can be pretty much single souls and not be lonely,” Hawkley pointed out.
Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them. “The first type happens when someone like a spouse is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers. Then there is the second type, which you establish with your close friends, as well as the third type — those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”
It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. Identifying the kind of connection that one is longing for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps, but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific context.
43. According to the passage, Perissinotto probably agrees that ________.
A. people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonely
B. asking someone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight loneliness
C. those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappy
D. death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness
44. The word exacerbating in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. worsening B. exploring C. confusing D. addressing
45. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A. There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.
B. Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.
C. Recognizing one’s missing connection is helpful in dealing with loneliness.
D. The quality of one’s relationships is not so important as his specific context.
46. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Differences between being alone and lonely.
B. Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.
C. Effects of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.
D. Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.
【答案】43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在流行病期间导致孤独的原因以及解决方式。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Perissinotto所说的 “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.”（如果你选择独处，且你有可以支持你的朋友，那么没有人会说你不能过上幸福的生活。）可知，那些选择独处的人并不一定感到不快乐。故选C。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with the feeling—like depression and early death”（随着这种流行病exacerbating了孤独问题，越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与抑郁和早逝相关的心理和身体健康风险）可推断，流行病使得孤独问题更加严重，才引起了越来越多专家的关注。故“exacerbating”指“加剧”，与“worsening”同义。故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. Identifying the kind of connection that one is longing for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps, but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific context.”（有人建议，一个人应该确定自己的孤独感是从什么样的联系缺失中产生的，然后评估自己各种关系的质量。确定一个人所渴望的关系类型和他已经拥有的关系的质量是重要的第一步，但这完全取决于他所处的特定环境。）可知，此段主要描写要确定自己因为缺乏哪种关系而导致孤独。因此，从最后两段可知，确定自己缺乏哪一种关系能够更好地应对孤独。故选C。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“During the most isolating worldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness.”（在一个世纪以来世界范围内最孤立的流行病期间，是时候仔细看看什么可能导致孤独了。）以及上一题的解析可知，文章主要讲述导致孤独的原因以及应对方式。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
An Aurora (极光) Adventure in Norway
Beyond the cottage windows the world is white and still. Snow-covered mountains stretch to the sea. It’s only 2 p.m., but already the light is fading, bathing the scene in a mysterious blue.
____47____ But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m here on a DIY long weekend with friends.
We rented a riverside house in the tiny fishing village of Oldervik. ____48____ So we go back to the comfort of indoor space. The silence here is so complete that we can hear the gentle sound of snow falling from the roof.
Exciting activities, such as dog sledding and reindeer adventures, are easy to arrange. ____49____ But the striking beauty of the landscape and the sense of life being lived in slow motion, make us just want to stop for a while.
At Oldervik, it’s possible to catch the aurora anytime from September to April. The best time is from mid-November to mid-January, when the sun never appears. With cloudy skies we have no luck so far but on our last night, at the first sign of clouds clearing, we got into the car and hadn’t driven far when, with great excitement, we spotted a strange glowing arc (弧形) crossing the road like a milky rainbow. ____50____
And then it begins: beams of greeny-white light dance as if from spotlights on the ground. To the naked eye (肉眼), the lights are not the bright greens and blues cameras capture on long exposures, but it’s fascinating none the less. The temperature during this time has fallen to –10℃ but we don’t feel it as we lie on the ground, gazing up and never wanting to leave.
A. Sleep is effortless in this quiet land.
B. So are northern light excursions.
C. There’s little light pollution here, but the night is cloudy and a little cold.
D. When we hike south along the river, the moon hangs above the peaks in the sky.
E. It’s the appeal of the Arctic winter that has brought me to the very north of Norway in January.
F. The stars are against the blackest of skies with white mountains on both sides glowing under a small piece of the moon.
【答案】47. E 48. C 49. B 50. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的一次极光之旅。
【47题详解】
根据下文“But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m here on a DIY long weekend with friends.(但是我没有参加一个有导游的有组织的昂贵的极光之旅，而是和朋友在这里DIY一个长周末。)”可知，空处和下文存在转折关系。选项E“It’s the appeal of the Arctic winter that has brought me to the very north of Norway in January.(是北极冬天的魅力让我在一月份来到了挪威最北部。)”承上启下，说明虽然受到北极之美的吸引，但是并没有跟团旅游。故选E。
【48题详解】
根据下文“So we go back to the comfort of indoor space.(所以我们回到了舒适的室内空间。)”可知，空处主要是说明了我们回到室内的原因。选项C“There’s little light pollution here, but the night is cloudy and a little cold.(这里几乎没有光污染，但晚上多云，有点冷。)”说明了进入屋内的原因是因为冷。故选C。
【49题详解】
根据空前“Exciting activities, such as dog sledding and reindeer adventures, are easy to arrange.(令人兴奋的活动，如狗拉雪橇和驯鹿冒险，很容易安排。)”可知，活动很多。而空后“But the striking beauty of the landscape and the sense of life being lived in slow motion, make us just want to stop for a while. (但是风景的惊人之美和生活在慢镜头中的感觉，让我们只想停下来一会儿。)”则暗示存在转折关系，说明空处指的仍然是活动多或者其他优点。选项B“So are northern light excursions.(北极光之旅也是如此。)”是上文的延续，同时和下文存在转折关系。故选B。
【50题详解】
根据上文“With cloudy skies we have no luck so far but on our last night, at the first sign of clouds clearing, we got into the car and hadn’t driven far when, with great excitement, we spotted a strange glowing arc (弧形) crossing the road like a milky rainbow.(到目前为止，我们的运气还不太好，但在我们旅行的最后一个晚上，当第一个迹象表明乌云散去时，我们上了车，并没有开多远，我们非常兴奋地发现一个奇怪的发光弧线穿过马路，像一个乳白色的彩虹。)”可知，这是对风景的描述。选项F“The stars are against the blackest of skies, with white mountains on both sides glowing under a small piece of the moon.(星星映衬着最黑的天空，两边的白色山脉在一小块月亮下闪闪发光。)”是上文内容的延续。故选F。
第II卷
I. Use of Words
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words in the box. Each one can be used only once.
feature; contrary to; trick; promote; launch; spot
51. __________ the previous study, the new one revealed the latest global numbers of plastic waste generated in different countries.
52. To simplify the task of __________ normal data, scientists turned the data sets into a three-dimensional chart.
53. This restaurant seems __________ vegetarian dishes, so it's popular among the health-conscious consumers.
54. This start-up launched a national marketing campaign last week, __________ its energy-efficient cars.
55. Don't let the pressure of the holiday season __________ you into thinking there's only one way to gift.
【答案】51 Contrary to
52. spotting
53. to feature
54. promoting
55. trick
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：与之前的研究相反，新的研究揭示了不同国家产生的塑料垃圾的最新全球数量。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词短语，在句中作状语。根据句意，此处指“与之前的研究相反”，故选contrary to，意为“与……相反”。置于句首，首字母应大写，故填Contrary to。
【52题详解】
考查动名词。句意：为了简化发现正常数据的任务，科学家将数据集变成了三维图表。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词形式。根据句意，此处指“发现正常数据的任务”，故选spot，意为“发现”。故填spotting。
【53题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这家餐厅似乎以素食主义菜肴为特色，因此在注重健康的消费者中很受欢迎。根据句中“seems”可知，空格处应填入动词不定式，seem to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”。根据句意，此处指“这家餐厅似乎以素食主义菜肴为特色”，故选feature，意为“以……为特色”。故填to feature。
【54题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这家初创公司上周发起了一场全国性的营销活动，宣传其节能汽车。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处指“宣传，促销”，故选promote。主语This start-up与promote是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填promoting。
55题详解】
考查省略to的不定式。句意：不要让假期的压力欺骗你，让你认为只有一种方式可以送礼。分析句子可知，空格处应填入省略to的不定式。let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。根据句意，此处指“欺骗你认为只有一种方式可以送礼”，故选trick。故填trick。
II. Word Derivation
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
56. Due to the noise, he’d like to make a __________ (complain) to the manager. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】complaint
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于噪音太大，他想向经理投诉。分析可知，所填空应是名词，作动词make的宾语。动词complain“抱怨，投诉”，其名词形式为complaint“抱怨，投诉”。make a complaint to sb.意为“向某人投诉”。故填complaint。
57. __________ (origin), we had intended to go to Italy, but we won the trip to Greece. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Originally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：最初，我们打算去意大利，但我们赢得了希腊之行。分析句子可知，此处用副词作状语修饰句子，且首字母大写。故填Originally。
58. Parental support for learning activities at home combined with parental __________ (involve) in schooling is critical to children’s education. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】involvement
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：父母对家庭学习活动的支持和父母对学校教育的参与对儿童的教育至关重要。分析可知，“parental”为形容词，意为“父母的”，形容词作定语，其后接名词，因此所填空应是名词。“involve”，动词，意为“涉及，加入”，其名词形式为“involvement”，意为“参与，加入”，不可数名词，“parental involvement”作介词“with”的宾语。故填involvement。
59. The family moved to the countryside with the __________ (intend) of settling into rural life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】intention
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这一家人搬到农村去，打算过农村生活。根据提示词和the+n.+of的结构可知，此处填名词intention作with后的宾语；with the intention of意为“抱有……目的，打算”。故填intention。
60. Social media marketing involves promoting products, services or content using a collaborative（协作的）form of Internet social media, which is typically __________ (access) on the Web or by phone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：社交媒体营销涉及使用互联网社交媒体的协作形式推广产品、服务或内容，通常可以通过网络或电话访问。分析句意可知，此处要使用名词access“入口”的形容词形式accessible“可访问的，可接近的”作非限定性定语从句的表语。故填accessible。
III. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
61. 这部纪录片引发了人们对饮用水供应的关注。(arouse) (汉译英)
【答案】The documentary (film) aroused/has aroused people’s concern over/ about the supply of drinking water.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“这部纪录片”应用The documentary (film)；表示“引发了人们对……的关注”应用arouse people’s concern over/ about，此处可以使用一般过去时或者现在完成时，谓语动词使用aroused或者has aroused；表示“饮用水供应”应用the supply of drinking water。故翻译成：The documentary (film) aroused/has aroused people’s concern over/ about the supply of drinking water.
62. 提到买私家车，很多人盲目跟风，结果却发现自己被困在交通堵塞中。(only) (汉译英)
【答案】Speaking of the purchase of private cars, many people follow the trend blindly, only to find themselves stuck in traffic jam.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“提到买私家车”应用speaking of the purchase of private cars，此处为现在分词短语作状语；表示“许多人”应用many people；表示“盲目跟风”应用follow the trend blindly，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形；表示“结果却发现自己被困在交通堵塞中”应用only to find themselves stuck in traffic jam，此处表示出乎意料的结果，用动词不定式作结果状语；“find+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构， stuck in traffic jam为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。故翻译成：Speaking of the purchase of private cars, many people follow the trend blindly, only to find themselves stuck in traffic jam.
63. 许多政府已经通过了在线广告法律来保护消费者隐私。(pass) (汉译英)
【答案】Many governments have passed online advertising laws to protect the privacy of consumers/consumer privacy.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和短语。结合语境和“已经”可知，句子用现在完成时；主语“许多政府”表达为many governments，谓语“通过”表达为pass，宾语“在线广告法”表达为online advertising laws，目的状语“保护消费者隐私”表达为to protect the privacy of consumers/consumer privacy。故本句翻译为Many governments have passed online advertising laws to protect the privacy of consumers/consumer privacy.
64. 能意识到潜在顾客未被满足的需求的公司，可以在这个领域创造出一个目标市场。(aware) (汉译英)
【答案】Companies that are aware of the unmet desires/needs of the potential customers can create a target market in this area/field.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和短语。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“公司”表达为company，因不止一个，故用复数形式；“能意识到潜在顾客未被满足的需求的”处理为修饰companies的定语从句，从句谓语动词“意识到”表达为be aware of，从句缺少主语，先行词指物，用that引导从句，宾语“潜在顾客未被满足的需求”表达为the unmet desires/needs of the potential customers；主句谓语动词“可以创造”表达为can create，宾语“一个目标市场”表达为a target market。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Companies that are aware of the unmet desires/needs of the potential customers can create a target market in this area/field.
VI. Guided Writing
65. Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近期，某社区正在开展“让家园更美好”的活动。希望大家献言献计，为社区发展出谋划策。请你提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出你的建议和理由。
内容包括：1. 存在的问题和不足；2. 你的建议和理由
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I’m glad that the activity of “Making Our Home Better” is being carried out and suggestions for community development are called for. As we can see, the last few years has witnessed great improvement in the neighborhood.
However, there still exist some problems. The crucial one is that there is a shortage of places for cultural activities in the community, which fails to meet the needs of residents’ leisure and entertainment. The lack of entertainment facilities leads to dull spare time life of residents.
Therefore, it is hoped that the government will strengthen the construction of urban cultural facilities, ensuring enough funds for infrastructure. By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. Hopefully, our community will be better and better.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为社区发展出谋划策，提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出建议和理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
需要：call for→need
见证：witness→ see
缺乏：shortage→lack
导致：lead to→ result in
2.句式拓展
倒装句变陈述句
原句：By doing so not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
拓展句：By doing so, residents can not only enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The crucial one is that there is a shortage of places for cultural activities in the community, which fails to meet the needs of residents’ leisure and entertainment.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句。）
【高分句型2】Therefore, it is hoped that the government will strengthen the construction of urban cultural facilities, ensuring enough funds for infrastructure.（运用了that引导主语从句和现在分词作状语。）
【高分句型3】By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.（运用了not only...but also…和倒装句型）
2022-2023学年上海外国语大学附属中学大境中学高二上学期
期中考试英语试卷
I. Listening comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Wintry Scenes from a Swedish Wonderland
I always give the same advice to ambitious photographers: Wherever home is, that’s where you should begin. Having lived and worked everywhere but in Sweden for most of my life, I was terrible at following it myself. For me, Sweden has always been a place to relax and spend time with family. I’ve never explored it in the same way I’ve explored destinations like Zambia ____1____ now.
With all of my foreign trips ____2____ (cancel) this year, I decided to travel north from my home near Stockholm. What began as a two-week trip quickly turned into journeys ____3____, both starting and finishing in midwinter, lasted the entire year.
Climate change doesn’t have any impact on the length of our daylight. And yet, ____4____ (lie) on the back staring up at the magical light show of the aurora borealis (北极光), I hardly minded the lack of daylight. Instead, ____5____ caught my attention was the fascinating beauty of the white, frozen landscapes and the endless shades of blue.
But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me ____6____ else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.”
He shook his head. “Not a forest, just a plantation. Soon, this is what ____7____ (leave).” he said. For over half a century now, the ancient forests that once seemed endless continue ____8____ (cut) down. The Sami that live mainly in the northern areas ____9____ (face) an existential crisis. Their lives and culture are closely linked to the ancient forests and the reindeer (驯鹿) there. The slow growing lichen (地衣) and mushrooms upon which the reindeer depend for survival are not found in plantations. So, the death of one _____10_____ mean the death of the other, and an uncertain future for an entire people.
We are not visitors in nature and it’s essential for our own survival as well as that of the natural world.
【答案】1. until##till
2. canceled##cancelled
3. that##which
4. lying 5. what
6. something
7. will be left
8. to be cut##being cut
9. are facing
10. can##may##might##could
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在赞比亚的探索之旅以及感悟。
【1题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：到目前为止，我从未像探索赞比亚这样的目的地那样去探索它。结合句意表示“到现在为止”可知短语为until/till now。故填until/till。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于今年所有的国外旅行都取消了，我决定从斯德哥尔摩附近的家往北走。此处为with的复合结构，cancel与all of my foreign trips构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填canceled/cancelled。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：开始的两周旅行很快变成了在隆冬开始和结束的旅行，持续了整整一年。此处为定语从句修饰先行词journeys，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，躺在床上凝视着神奇的北极光秀，我几乎不介意缺少日光。分析句子结构可知lie在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填lying。
【5题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：相反，吸引我的是白色、冰冻的风景和无尽的蓝色阴影的迷人之美。引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事情，应用what引导。故填what。
【6题详解】
考查代词。句意：但我在拉普兰宾馆的主人Johan Stenevad向我展示了其他东西。结合句意表示“其他东西”短语为something else。故填something。
【7题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：很快，就只剩下这些了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示将来的动作应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be left。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的半个多世纪里，曾经看似无尽的古老森林继续被砍伐。表示“继续做某事”短语为continue to do sth./doing sth.，且cut与forests构成被动关系。故填to be cut/being cut。
【9题详解】
考查时态。句意：主要生活在北部地区的萨米人正面临生存危机。表示目前正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为The Sami，谓语用复数。故填are facing。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：因此，一个人的死亡可能意味着另一个人的死亡，整个民族的未来也不确定。根据“an uncertain future for an entire people”可知，此处表示不确定推测，表示“可能”，应用情态动词can/may/might/could。故填can/may/might/could。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. exchanges B. unseen C. building D. initiatives E. jointly
F. broadening G. predicted H. popularizing I. mainstream J. shouldering K. enters
SAO PAULO, Oct. 31 (Xinhua)— Media representatives from the BRICS countries discussed the development of new media technologies and adopted an action plan to promote cooperation at the fourth BRICS Media Forum here on Thursday.
The forum, which was held on Oct. 30-31, gathered nearly 100 representatives from 55 ____11____ media organizations of the group's member countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the theme of "Strengthening Media Cooperation in Building the BRICS Community with a Shared Future," the forum, jointly organized by China's Xinhua News Agency and Brazil's CMA Group, is aimed at deepening media ____12____ and pragmatic cooperation among the BRICS countries.
Chen Peijie, China's consul general in Sao Paulo, said in her opening ceremony speech that the achievements of BRICS cooperation and the bloc's international influence cannot be separated from the media's efforts.
As the BRICS cooperation ___13___ its second "golden decade," media cooperation will be crucial, she said. He Ping, editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, said in a keynote speech at the event that the world is undergoing profound changes ____14____ in a century, and the BRICS countries need more than ever to take on global responsibilities.
As chroniclers of history, the BRICS media are ____15____ the important task of promoting cooperation and face a rare opportunity to work hand in hand for progress, He said. He proposed four ____16____ to strengthen the cooperation of the BRICS media. He suggested the BRICS media ____17____the bloc's development, and actively reflecting economic, cultural, social and environmental achievements made by the BRICS countries. He then called for telling stories of people-to-people exchanges. He also proposed ____18____a digital media that keeps pace with the times and jointly promote the development and application of new technologies. Moreover, He called for ____19____the areas of exchanges and mutual assistance. He said the BRICS media need to expand cooperation in news reporting, professional training, personnel training, financial information services and think tank exchanges.
Jose Sanchez, co-chairman of the forum and president of financial information provider CMA Group, said in his speech that the media of the BRICS countries should ____20____ raise their voices to promote a more fair international public opinion landscape.
【答案】11. I 12. A
13. K 14. B
15. J 16. D
17. H 18. C
19. F 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。10月31日，新华社报道来自金砖国家的媒体代表在周四举行的第四届金砖国家媒体论坛上讨论了发展新媒体技术，并通过了促进合作的行动计划。文章介绍了此次论坛主题以及各个成员国主流媒体代表的意见看法。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：论坛于10月30日至31日举行，有来自该组织55个成员国——巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非——的近100名主流媒体代表参加。结合句意表示“主流”可知应填名词mainstream，作定语。故填mainstream。故选I。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：论坛以“加强媒体合作，共建金砖命运共同体”为主题，由中国新华社和巴西报业集团共同主办，旨在深化金砖国家媒体交流和务实合作。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“交流”可知应填名词exchange，前文没有冠词故用复数。故填exchanges。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：她说，随着金砖国家合作进入第二个“黄金十年”，媒体合作至关重要。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“进入”可知用动词enter，此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且主语为the BRICS cooperation，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填enters。故选K。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：新华社总编辑何平在会上发表主旨演讲称，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，金砖国家比以往任何时候都更需要承担起全球责任。结合语境表示“未有的，未见过的”应用形容词unseen，作定语。故填unseen。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为历史的记录者，金砖国家媒体肩负着促进合作的重要任务，也面临着携手共进的难得机遇。空处作谓语，表示“肩负”应用动词shoulder，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填shouldering。故选J。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：他提出加强金砖国家媒体合作的“四项倡议”。空处作宾语，表示“倡议”应用名词initiative，且由four修饰应用复数。故填initiatives。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议金砖国家媒体宣传金砖国家发展，积极反映金砖国家在经济、文化、社会、环境等领域取得的成就。表示“建议某人做某事”短语为suggest sb. doing sth.。故填popularizing。故选H。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他还建议要建设与时俱进的数字媒体，共同推动新技术的发展和应用。结合句意表示“建议做某事”短语为propose doing sth.。故填building。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，他呼吁扩大交流和互助领域。空处作介词for的宾语，表示“扩大”应用动名词broadening。故填broadening。故选F。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：论坛联合主席、金融信息提供商CMA集团总裁Jose Sanchez在演讲中表示，金砖国家媒体应该共同发出声音，促进更加公平的国际舆论格局。修饰后文动词raise，表示“共同”应用副词jointly，作状语。故填jointly。故选E。
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstrom, a marketing consultant is correct, trying to ___21___ the advertisement is about to get especially hard.
83% of all forms of advertising principally ___22___ only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans (广告语) to catch our ear, ___23___ everyday sounds — a steak sizzling (发嘶嘶声), a baby laughing and other sounds we can't help paying attention to. Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___24___ to resist them.
According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive, both in terms of interest and ___25___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful — the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.
In all of these cases, it doesn’t need an experienced advertisement designer to invent the sounds, associate them with meanings and then play them over and over until the subjects ___26___ them. Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___27___: hunger, thirst or happy expectation.
Some TV ads have already given viewers close-up shots of meat with sizzling sounds. And retailers are ___28___. Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.
Of course, this doesn’t mean that advertisers can just press the audio button ___29___ and consumers will come eagerly. Indeed, sometimes customers flee. In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ____30____. That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ____31____ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ____32____, because people so often hear it when they’re restarting the computer after it ____33____. In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ____34____ it entirely.
Lindstrom’s experiment also shows that people respond to a sound better when it’s ____35____. If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.
21. A. tune out B. admit to C. depend on D. take over
22. A. evaluate B. spoil C. engage D. portray
23. A. classifying B. ignoring C. challenging D. representing
24. A. sensible B. selfish C. powerless D. pleasant
25. A. hollow B. positive C. violent D. foreign
26. A. infer B. reject C. internalize D. perform
27. A. consumption B. reaction C. favor D. spread
28. A. following suit B. cooling down C. losing heart D. taking risks
29. A. on guard B. with ease C. under way D. in reality
30. A. disliked B. observed C. represented D. enveloped
31. A. objective B. temporary C. mysterious D. annoying
32. A. association B. agreement C. tip D. symptom
33. A. responded B. revived C. crashed D. persisted
34. A. replace B. rescue C. balance D. refund
35. A. optional B. random C. specific D. faint
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多数广告主要通过视觉方面吸引我们的注意力，但也有不少通过广告标语的播放来引起我们的关注。本文还分析了为什么消费者对于不同的广告声音有不同的反应。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果市场营销顾问Martin Lindstrom是对的，那么尝试不关注广告将会变得特别难。A. tune out不理睬；B. admit to承认；C. depend on依靠；D. take over接管。根据前文“Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business.”以及后文“83% of all forms of advertising principally ___2___ only one of our senses: sight.”可知，广告行业即使在经济困难时期依然有利可图，而广告主要通过视觉来吸引我们的注意力。换言之，我们想要摆脱掉广告，不去注意它们，不去理会它们相当困难。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：83%的广告形式主要是吸引我们的一个感官：视觉。A. evaluate评估；B. spoil毁坏；C. engage吸引；D. portray描绘。根据后文“Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it.”可知，广告商会利用听觉与视觉效果去吸引消费注意力，只不过听觉被利用地很有限。换言之，视觉是主要用来吸引消费者注意力的方式。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从历史上看，广告一直依靠口号来吸引我们的耳朵，代表着日常的声音——牛排的咝咝声、婴儿的笑声和其他我们忍不住关注的声音。A. classifying分类；B. ignoring忽视；C. challenging挑战；D. representing代表。根据后文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”可知，广告商会把我们每天常常听到的声音放到广告标语里来吸引我们的关注，因为这些声音很有代表性。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把这些声音融入到广告当中，我们消费者可能对此没有抵抗力。A. sensible理智的；B. selfish自私的；C. powerless无能为力的；D. pleasant令人愉悦的。根据后文“According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive,both in terms of interest and ___5___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.”可知，我们每天常常听到的声音诸如小孩的笑声是有趣且有积极的情感影响，因此对于这些声音放到广告标语里我们是没有能力去抵抗的。故选C项。
25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据Lindstrom，婴儿的笑声是我们每天听到的声音中最令人印象深刻的，因为它既有趣又传达积极的情绪。A. hollow中空的；B. positive积极的；C. violent暴力的；D. foreign国外的。根据后文“The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured. ”可知，其它有影响力的声音还有汽车引擎声以及苏打水喷出来的声音，但这些声音都不如婴儿笑声更令人印象深刻。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的例子都表明并不需要一个有经验的广告设计师来发明出声音，赋予它们含义，然后一遍又一遍地播放着这些声音直到广告针对的对象把它们内化到骨子里。A. infer推断；B. reject拒绝；C. internalize使内化；D. perform表演。根据前文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”以及后文“Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___7___ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.”可知，我们每天听到的声音有着它们特殊的意义，会带来某种情绪上的反应，所以我们很难不去听广告标语。因此广告标语实际上就是不断重复播放某个声音，然后目标客户自然而然地将这些声音内化了。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反而，那些每天听到的声音已经有它们对应的含义，并且能引起某种反应：饥饿感、口渴或者是快乐的期待。A. consumption消费；B. reaction反应；C. favor赞成；D. spread传播。根据空格后面的“hunger, thirst or happy expectation”可知，饥饿感、口渴以及快乐的期待是这些日常听到的声音所带来的具体的反应。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些电视广告给观众看正在发出嘶嘶声的肉的近距离的镜头。一些零售商也跟着效仿。A. following suit效仿；B. cooling down冷却下来；C. losing heart气馁；D. taking risks冒险。根据后文“Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.”可知，零售商们在他们要卖的产品的区域播放相关产品的声音来达到吸引顾客的目的。他们的做法其实就是模仿了电视广告的做法。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这并不意味广告商们只要轻轻松松按下声音的播放按钮，就会有顾客急切地过来消费。A. on guard警戒；B. with ease轻松地、容易地；C. under way在进行中；D. in reality事实上。根据后文“Indeed, sometimes customers flee.”可知，播放顾客熟悉的那些日常声音的做法并不是百试百灵，也要失败的时候，顾客也会选择离开而不去购买相关产品。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在手机刚出现的早些年，英国很多人能够听出某个品牌手机的铃声，但很快这些铃声就不受待见了。A. disliked不喜欢；B. observed观察；C. represented代表；D. enveloped包围。根据后文“That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ___11___ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ___12___ , because people so often hear it when they're restarting the computer after it ___13___ .”可知，有些声音不适合某些场合使用或者这些声音有着消极的意义。因此，这些声音听久了也会让人厌烦。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom说这部分原因是很少手机用户会遵守手机的使用规则，所以像在影院这些地方会经常发生一些令人恼火的事。A. objective客观的；B. temporary短暂的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据前文“In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ___10___ .”可知，正是因为某些声音经常被播放，慢慢的就引起人们的反感。因此，在影院等地方听到手机铃声响是令人恼火的。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. association联想；B. agreement同意；C. tip提示；D. symptom症状。根据后文“In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ___14___ it entirely.”可知，一些如电脑开机声令人厌烦，生产商该去修改这些声音，因为它们会让人们产生消极的联想。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. responded回应；B. revived复苏；C. crashed崩溃；D. persisted坚持。根据 本句中的“when they're restarting the computer”可知，重启电脑也会听到开机声。也就是说电脑出故障崩溃了需要重启。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些例子中，生产商们不妨修正一下这些令人厌烦的声音或者完全替换掉它们。A. replace取代；B. rescue救援；C. balance平衡；D. refund退款。根据“manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound”可知，要么对这些声音做改进，要么就替换掉它们。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom的实验也表明了当一个声音很微弱时，人们对这个声音的反应会更好。A. optional可选择的；B. random随机的；C. specific具体的；D. faint微弱的。根据后文“If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.”可知，要是没有其他可想的办法，至少把声音降低或许会更好。因此，播放的声音小的可能有不一样的效果。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of American’s persistent problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay’s, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they sanitize the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding and liners from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around,” Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow volunteers. “They are dedicated to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told the media: “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
36. What does the Chip Bag Project call on people to do?
A. To throw empty chip bags into dustbins
B. To bring empty chip bags to appointed locations
C. To donate them to those homeless
D. To sanitize empty chip bags for recycle
37. The underlined word “line” in the 2nd paragraph probably means _________?
A. charge B. protect C. load D. fill
38. What is the motivation of Oleita to carry out the Chip Bag Project?
A. To lead a better life with her immigrated family in U.S.A
B. To launch a charity project with other volunteers in school time.
C. To make a difference both socially and environmentally.
D. To help those homeless by giving them handmade sleeping bags.
39. According to the passage, what is Oleita like?
A. adaptable and extroverted
B. creative and warm-hearted
C. aggressive and capable
D. modest and generous
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了奥利塔创建的Chip Bag Project，通过回收空薯片袋制作睡袋，然后捐赠给无家可归的人，通过这种方式对社会和环境产生影响。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless”（与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋）可知，“薯片袋计划”呼吁人们把空薯片袋捐给那些无家可归的人。故选C项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段关键句“Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.”（与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠给她，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。）可知，奥利塔想用空薯片袋制作睡袋；根据画线单词所在句上句“After they sanitize the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together.”（在用肥皂热水清洗薯片袋后，他们将其切开，平放，然后将其熨在一起。）可知，要想制作睡袋，要将薯片袋切开，平放，然后将其熨在一起，由此可知，最后一个步骤是使用旧外套的衬垫和衬里来填充内部，这样才能做出睡袋，“fill”意为“填充”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “They are dedicated to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.”（但这仅仅是奥利塔——她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望能过上更好的生活——和她的志愿者同伴的目标的一半。“他们不仅致力于对社会产生影响，而且致力于对环境产生影响，”她说。）可知，奥利塔和她的志愿者同伴的目标是对社会和环境产生影响，由此可知，奥利塔实施Chip Bag Project的动机是对社会和环境产生影响。故选C项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.”（与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠给她，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。）和倒数第二段关键句“Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags.”（自2020年启动以来，Chip Bag Project已收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已创造了110个睡袋。）可知，奥利塔能够想到用空薯片袋制作睡袋，说明她是一个有创造力的人，她把薯片袋捐赠给无家可归的人，截至去年12月，已捐赠了110个睡袋，由此可知，她是个热心的人，综上所述，奥利塔是有创造力的和热心的人。故选B项。
(B)
Get help in emergencies big or small.
With the fastest call response time, this completely mobile all-in-one medical alert needs no additional equipment or base station. You can go anywhere with it and reach our certified (有保证的) Urgent Response Agents anytime, day or night. And with low monthly plans, it’s one of the most affordable medical alert devices you can buy.
Our all-in-one medical alert gets you help at the touch of a button.
Enhanced GPS
Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need.
Two-way communication
Clear, two-way voice communication makes it easy to speak with Urgent Response Agents, board-certified doctors and nurses.
No base station
The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device. It needs no additional equipment or base station, so you can take it anywhere.
Waterproof
The Lively Mobile Plus is waterproof, so you can even wear it in the shower, where most falls occur.
Long-lasting battery
With up to 80 hours of standby time, you can charge the Lively Mobile Plus when it’s convenient for you.
Wear it many ways
The Lively Mobile Plus is easy to wear wherever you go. Clip (别住) it on your belt, carry it in your purse or wear it around your neck on the Fall Detection Lanyard.
Stay connected, safe and healthy at home or on the go with these Lively services.
Get help in emergencies 24/7 from Urgent Response Agents.
Just press the Urgent Response button and we’ll confirm your location, assess the situation, and get you the help you need.
Speak to a doctor or nurse 24/7 from the comfort of your home.
Board-certified doctors and registered nurses can answer your medical questions, order prescriptions (处方) for common medications and more.
Keep loved ones updated on your health and safety.
The Lively Link app helps you stay independent and reassures friends and family by sending an alert to their smartphones if you call Urgent Response.
Your device automatically connects you to an Agent.
With available Lively Fall Detection, we can send help even if you’re unable to press the button.
Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package.
$24.99/MO.
Services Included
Urgent Response
$29.99/MO.
Services Included
Urgent Response
Urgent Care
Lively Link
$39.99/MO.
Services Included
Urgent Response
Urgent Care
Lively Link
Fall Detection
40. Lively Mobile Plus mainly aims at providing _____.
A. emergency medical help B. connection with loved people
C. online safety consultation D. round-the-clock health management
41. Which of the following is one of the features of Lively Mobile Plus?
A. It can locate the user precisely.
B. It can prevent the user from falling.
C. It can charge itself whenever necessary.
D. It can connect the user to the appointed doctor.
42. If you want to buy a Lively Mobile Plus with the extra service of fall detection, you need to pay at least ________ for the first month.
A. $29.99. B. $39.99.
C. $64.98. D. $89.98.
【答案】40. A 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要推广Lively Mobile Plus一种可移动的一体化医疗警报器。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格开头部分“Get help in emergencies big or small.（在大大小小的紧急情况下寻求帮助）”以及表格中No base部分中“The Lively Mobile Plus is a truly mobile medical device.（Lively Mobile Plus是一款真正的移动医疗设备）”可知Lively Mobile Plus主要致力于提供紧急医疗帮助。故选A项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中Enhanced GPS部分中“Lively Mobile Plus has enhanced GPS accuracy, so Agents can confirm your precise location quickly and get you the help you need.（Lively Mobile Plus增强了GPS的准确性，所以代理商可以快速确认您的精确位置，并得到您需要的帮助）”可知Lively Mobile Plus的功能之一是它可以精确地定位用户。故选A项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中“Add the services that are right for you with a Lively Health & Safety Package.（用活泼的健康与安全套装添加适合您的服务）”中的Ultimate Package部分可知增加带有额外跌倒检测服务需支付$39.99，再加上机器本身的价格$49.99，所以一共需支付$89.98。故选D项。
(C)
During the most isolating worldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness.
As a group, humans develop being around others, but how much and what kind of contact each person needs to feel part of a community varies among individuals as well as over one person’s stage of life. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two,” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor of medicine at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through retirement or death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.
With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with the feeling — like depression and early death, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That’s why, experts say, it’s also time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.
“When it comes to fighting loneliness, the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it, but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,” Perissinotto said. “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.” And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness, interaction doesn’t mean fulfilment for everyone, according to Hawkley, a principal research scientist at the University of Chicago. “People can be around others and feel lonely anyway or they can be pretty much single souls and not be lonely,” Hawkley pointed out.
Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them. “The first type happens when someone like a spouse is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers. Then there is the second type, which you establish with your close friends, as well as the third type — those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”
It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. Identifying the kind of connection that one is longing for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps, but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific context.
43. According to the passage, Perissinotto probably agrees that ________.
A. people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonely
B. asking someone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight loneliness
C. those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappy
D. death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness
44. The word exacerbating in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. worsening B. exploring C. confusing D. addressing
45. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A. There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.
B. Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.
C. Recognizing one’s missing connection is helpful in dealing with loneliness.
D. The quality of one’s relationships is not so important as his specific context.
46. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Differences between being alone and lonely.
B. Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.
C. Effects of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.
D. Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.
【答案】43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在流行病期间导致孤独的原因以及解决方式。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Perissinotto所说的 “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.”（如果你选择独处，且你有可以支持你的朋友，那么没有人会说你不能过上幸福的生活。）可知，那些选择独处的人并不一定感到不快乐。故选C。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with the feeling—like depression and early death”（随着这种流行病exacerbating了孤独问题，越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与抑郁和早逝相关的心理和身体健康风险）可推断，流行病使得孤独问题更加严重，才引起了越来越多专家的关注。故“exacerbating”指“加剧”，与“worsening”同义。故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. Identifying the kind of connection that one is longing for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps, but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific context.”（有人建议，一个人应该确定自己的孤独感是从什么样的联系缺失中产生的，然后评估自己各种关系的质量。确定一个人所渴望的关系类型和他已经拥有的关系的质量是重要的第一步，但这完全取决于他所处的特定环境。）可知，此段主要描写要确定自己因为缺乏哪种关系而导致孤独。因此，从最后两段可知，确定自己缺乏哪一种关系能够更好地应对孤独。故选C。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“During the most isolating worldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness.”（在一个世纪以来世界范围内最孤立的流行病期间，是时候仔细看看什么可能导致孤独了。）以及上一题的解析可知，文章主要讲述导致孤独的原因以及应对方式。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
An Aurora (极光) Adventure in Norway
Beyond the cottage windows the world is white and still. Snow-covered mountains stretch to the sea. It’s only 2 p.m., but already the light is fading, bathing the scene in a mysterious blue.
____47____ But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m here on a DIY long weekend with friends.
We rented a riverside house in the tiny fishing village of Oldervik. ____48____ So we go back to the comfort of indoor space. The silence here is so complete that we can hear the gentle sound of snow falling from the roof.
Exciting activities, such as dog sledding and reindeer adventures, are easy to arrange. ____49____ But the striking beauty of the landscape and the sense of life being lived in slow motion, make us just want to stop for a while.
At Oldervik, it’s possible to catch the aurora anytime from September to April. The best time is from mid-November to mid-January, when the sun never appears. With cloudy skies we have no luck so far but on our last night, at the first sign of clouds clearing, we got into the car and hadn’t driven far when, with great excitement, we spotted a strange glowing arc (弧形) crossing the road like a milky rainbow. ____50____
And then it begins: beams of greeny-white light dance as if from spotlights on the ground. To the naked eye (肉眼), the lights are not the bright greens and blues cameras capture on long exposures, but it’s fascinating none the less. The temperature during this time has fallen to –10℃ but we don’t feel it as we lie on the ground, gazing up and never wanting to leave.
A. Sleep is effortless in this quiet land.
B. So are northern light excursions.
C. There’s little light pollution here, but the night is cloudy and a little cold.
D. When we hike south along the river, the moon hangs above the peaks in the sky.
E. It’s the appeal of the Arctic winter that has brought me to the very north of Norway in January.
F. The stars are against the blackest of skies with white mountains on both sides glowing under a small piece of the moon.
【答案】47. E 48. C 49. B 50. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的一次极光之旅。
【47题详解】
根据下文“But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m here on a DIY long weekend with friends.(但是我没有参加一个有导游的有组织的昂贵的极光之旅，而是和朋友在这里DIY一个长周末。)”可知，空处和下文存在转折关系。选项E“It’s the appeal of the Arctic winter that has brought me to the very north of Norway in January.(是北极冬天的魅力让我在一月份来到了挪威最北部。)”承上启下，说明虽然受到北极之美的吸引，但是并没有跟团旅游。故选E。
【48题详解】
根据下文“So we go back to the comfort of indoor space.(所以我们回到了舒适的室内空间。)”可知，空处主要是说明了我们回到室内的原因。选项C“There’s little light pollution here, but the night is cloudy and a little cold.(这里几乎没有光污染，但晚上多云，有点冷。)”说明了进入屋内的原因是因为冷。故选C。
【49题详解】
根据空前“Exciting activities, such as dog sledding and reindeer adventures, are easy to arrange.(令人兴奋的活动，如狗拉雪橇和驯鹿冒险，很容易安排。)”可知，活动很多。而空后“But the striking beauty of the landscape and the sense of life being lived in slow motion, make us just want to stop for a while. (但是风景的惊人之美和生活在慢镜头中的感觉，让我们只想停下来一会儿。)”则暗示存在转折关系，说明空处指的仍然是活动多或者其他优点。选项B“So are northern light excursions.(北极光之旅也是如此。)”是上文的延续，同时和下文存在转折关系。故选B。
【50题详解】
根据上文“With cloudy skies we have no luck so far but on our last night, at the first sign of clouds clearing, we got into the car and hadn’t driven far when, with great excitement, we spotted a strange glowing arc (弧形) crossing the road like a milky rainbow.(到目前为止，我们的运气还不太好，但在我们旅行的最后一个晚上，当第一个迹象表明乌云散去时，我们上了车，并没有开多远，我们非常兴奋地发现一个奇怪的发光弧线穿过马路，像一个乳白色的彩虹。)”可知，这是对风景的描述。选项F“The stars are against the blackest of skies, with white mountains on both sides glowing under a small piece of the moon.(星星映衬着最黑的天空，两边的白色山脉在一小块月亮下闪闪发光。)”是上文内容的延续。故选F。
第II卷
I. Use of Words
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words in the box. Each one can be used only once.
feature; contrary to; trick; promote; launch; spot
51. __________ the previous study, the new one revealed the latest global numbers of plastic waste generated in different countries.
52. To simplify the task of __________ normal data, scientists turned the data sets into a three-dimensional chart.
53. This restaurant seems __________ vegetarian dishes, so it's popular among the health-conscious consumers.
54. This start-up launched a national marketing campaign last week, __________ its energy-efficient cars.
55. Don't let the pressure of the holiday season __________ you into thinking there's only one way to gift.
【答案】51 Contrary to
52. spotting
53. to feature
54. promoting
55. trick
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：与之前的研究相反，新的研究揭示了不同国家产生的塑料垃圾的最新全球数量。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词短语，在句中作状语。根据句意，此处指“与之前的研究相反”，故选contrary to，意为“与……相反”。置于句首，首字母应大写，故填Contrary to。
【52题详解】
考查动名词。句意：为了简化发现正常数据的任务，科学家将数据集变成了三维图表。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词形式。根据句意，此处指“发现正常数据的任务”，故选spot，意为“发现”。故填spotting。
【53题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这家餐厅似乎以素食主义菜肴为特色，因此在注重健康的消费者中很受欢迎。根据句中“seems”可知，空格处应填入动词不定式，seem to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”。根据句意，此处指“这家餐厅似乎以素食主义菜肴为特色”，故选feature，意为“以……为特色”。故填to feature。
【54题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这家初创公司上周发起了一场全国性的营销活动，宣传其节能汽车。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处指“宣传，促销”，故选promote。主语This start-up与promote是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填promoting。
55题详解】
考查省略to的不定式。句意：不要让假期的压力欺骗你，让你认为只有一种方式可以送礼。分析句子可知，空格处应填入省略to的不定式。let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。根据句意，此处指“欺骗你认为只有一种方式可以送礼”，故选trick。故填trick。
II. Word Derivation
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
56. Due to the noise, he’d like to make a __________ (complain) to the manager. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】complaint
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于噪音太大，他想向经理投诉。分析可知，所填空应是名词，作动词make的宾语。动词complain“抱怨，投诉”，其名词形式为complaint“抱怨，投诉”。make a complaint to sb.意为“向某人投诉”。故填complaint。
57. __________ (origin), we had intended to go to Italy, but we won the trip to Greece. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Originally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：最初，我们打算去意大利，但我们赢得了希腊之行。分析句子可知，此处用副词作状语修饰句子，且首字母大写。故填Originally。
58. Parental support for learning activities at home combined with parental __________ (involve) in schooling is critical to children’s education. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】involvement
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：父母对家庭学习活动的支持和父母对学校教育的参与对儿童的教育至关重要。分析可知，“parental”为形容词，意为“父母的”，形容词作定语，其后接名词，因此所填空应是名词。“involve”，动词，意为“涉及，加入”，其名词形式为“involvement”，意为“参与，加入”，不可数名词，“parental involvement”作介词“with”的宾语。故填involvement。
59. The family moved to the countryside with the __________ (intend) of settling into rural life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】intention
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这一家人搬到农村去，打算过农村生活。根据提示词和the+n.+of的结构可知，此处填名词intention作with后的宾语；with the intention of意为“抱有……目的，打算”。故填intention。
60. Social media marketing involves promoting products, services or content using a collaborative（协作的）form of Internet social media, which is typically __________ (access) on the Web or by phone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：社交媒体营销涉及使用互联网社交媒体的协作形式推广产品、服务或内容，通常可以通过网络或电话访问。分析句意可知，此处要使用名词access“入口”的形容词形式accessible“可访问的，可接近的”作非限定性定语从句的表语。故填accessible。
III. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
61. 这部纪录片引发了人们对饮用水供应的关注。(arouse) (汉译英)
【答案】The documentary (film) aroused/has aroused people’s concern over/ about the supply of drinking water.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“这部纪录片”应用The documentary (film)；表示“引发了人们对……的关注”应用arouse people’s concern over/ about，此处可以使用一般过去时或者现在完成时，谓语动词使用aroused或者has aroused；表示“饮用水供应”应用the supply of drinking water。故翻译成：The documentary (film) aroused/has aroused people’s concern over/ about the supply of drinking water.
62. 提到买私家车，很多人盲目跟风，结果却发现自己被困在交通堵塞中。(only) (汉译英)
【答案】Speaking of the purchase of private cars, many people follow the trend blindly, only to find themselves stuck in traffic jam.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“提到买私家车”应用speaking of the purchase of private cars，此处为现在分词短语作状语；表示“许多人”应用many people；表示“盲目跟风”应用follow the trend blindly，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形；表示“结果却发现自己被困在交通堵塞中”应用only to find themselves stuck in traffic jam，此处表示出乎意料的结果，用动词不定式作结果状语；“find+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构， stuck in traffic jam为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。故翻译成：Speaking of the purchase of private cars, many people follow the trend blindly, only to find themselves stuck in traffic jam.
63. 许多政府已经通过了在线广告法律来保护消费者隐私。(pass) (汉译英)
【答案】Many governments have passed online advertising laws to protect the privacy of consumers/consumer privacy.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和短语。结合语境和“已经”可知，句子用现在完成时；主语“许多政府”表达为many governments，谓语“通过”表达为pass，宾语“在线广告法”表达为online advertising laws，目的状语“保护消费者隐私”表达为to protect the privacy of consumers/consumer privacy。故本句翻译为Many governments have passed online advertising laws to protect the privacy of consumers/consumer privacy.
64. 能意识到潜在顾客未被满足的需求的公司，可以在这个领域创造出一个目标市场。(aware) (汉译英)
【答案】Companies that are aware of the unmet desires/needs of the potential customers can create a target market in this area/field.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和短语。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“公司”表达为company，因不止一个，故用复数形式；“能意识到潜在顾客未被满足的需求的”处理为修饰companies的定语从句，从句谓语动词“意识到”表达为be aware of，从句缺少主语，先行词指物，用that引导从句，宾语“潜在顾客未被满足的需求”表达为the unmet desires/needs of the potential customers；主句谓语动词“可以创造”表达为can create，宾语“一个目标市场”表达为a target market。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Companies that are aware of the unmet desires/needs of the potential customers can create a target market in this area/field.
VI. Guided Writing
65. Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近期，某社区正在开展“让家园更美好”的活动。希望大家献言献计，为社区发展出谋划策。请你提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出你的建议和理由。
内容包括：1. 存在的问题和不足；2. 你的建议和理由
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I’m glad that the activity of “Making Our Home Better” is being carried out and suggestions for community development are called for. As we can see, the last few years has witnessed great improvement in the neighborhood.
However, there still exist some problems. The crucial one is that there is a shortage of places for cultural activities in the community, which fails to meet the needs of residents’ leisure and entertainment. The lack of entertainment facilities leads to dull spare time life of residents.
Therefore, it is hoped that the government will strengthen the construction of urban cultural facilities, ensuring enough funds for infrastructure. By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. Hopefully, our community will be better and better.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为社区发展出谋划策，提出一个社区中存在的问题或需要改进的方面，并说出建议和理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
需要：call for→need
见证：witness→ see
缺乏：shortage→lack
导致：lead to→ result in
2.句式拓展
倒装句变陈述句
原句：By doing so not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
拓展句：By doing so, residents can not only enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The crucial one is that there is a shortage of places for cultural activities in the community, which fails to meet the needs of residents’ leisure and entertainment.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句。）
【高分句型2】Therefore, it is hoped that the government will strengthen the construction of urban cultural facilities, ensuring enough funds for infrastructure.（运用了that引导主语从句和现在分词作状语。）
【高分句型3】By doing so, not only can residents enrich their daily life but also get a sense of belonging.（运用了not only...but also…和倒装句型）
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