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专题11 主从复合句-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）
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例1 （2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）（宾语从句的语序）— There will be a rbt n shw in ur schl next week.
— Really? I wnder ________.
A．what it likesB．what it is likeC．what des it likeD．what is it like
例2（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题（宾语从句的时态）The chief engineer annunced that they ________ a space lab n the space statin arund the end f 2022.
A．have builtB．had builtC．will buildD．wuld build
例3（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）（宾语从句的引导词）—Can yu tell me ________?
—Never spend t much time n screen.
A．hw we can have bright eyesB．why we shuld prtect ur eyes
C．where we can see an eye dctrD．when we shuld d eye exercises
宾语从句
用法详解：
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如
Rse said she wuld visit us smetime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。
↓ ↓
主句 从句 (宾语从句)
Culd yu tell me where he is frm? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？
↓ ↓
主句 从句 (宾语从句)
考点1：引导词的选用
(1). 陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。
I am ging t meet my net friends in Guangzhu. He said.
→He said that he was ging t meet his net friends in Guangzhu. 他说他将要在广州见他的网友。
(2). 一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有r、r nt 时只用whether）
Wuld yu like t play basketball with me? He asked me.
→He asked me if/whether I liked t play basketball with him. 他问我是否会和他去打篮球。
Is it a fast train r a slwly ne? I wanted t knw.
→I wanted t knw whether it was a fast train r a slwly ne.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。
(3). 特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。
Hw ld are yu? They want t knw.
→They want t knw hw ld yu are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。
What are yu ging t d this afternn? He asked me.
→He asked me what I was ging t d this afternn.他问我今天下午要做什么。
考点2：语序 (宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词在主语之后）
He asked Jane: “Why dn’t yu cme”?
疑问语序(第1动词dn’t 在主语yu之前)
He asked Jane why she didn’t cme last night. 他问简恩为什么昨晚她不来。
陈述语序(第1动词didn’t 在主语yu之后)
Lucy wanted t knw if I culd make a cake fr yu.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。
特殊：①.What’s wrng with …在宾语从句中不变语序。如：
I want t knw what’s wrng with yu.我想知道你怎么啦。
②. 引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：
Jack asked me wh wuld give us the lecture this afternn.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。
(wh 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词wuld give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)
考点3：时态
口诀：主现从实，主过从过，真理除外
(1). 主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
“Jhn speaks highly f yu.” Tm tells me.
→Tm tells me that Jhn speaks highly f me. 汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)
(2). 主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。
“When shall we have the meeting?” The by asked.
→The by asked when they shuld have the meeting. 男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。
(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→shuld)
(3). 从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。
“The earth ges arund the sun.” The teacher tld the students.
→The teacher tld the students that the earth ges arund the sun. 老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。
(主句用tld, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth ges arund the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)
Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sund.
考点4.宾语从句的注意问题
（1）宾语从句与简单句的转换：当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式” 结构。
如：I dn’t knw what I shuld d next. =I dn’t knw what t d next. 我不知道接下来要做什么。
（2）宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句谓语动词think，suppse，believe等后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称，变否定句时应否定主句。如：I dn’t think yu are right. 我认为你不对。
【变式1】（2022·江苏省淮阴中学开明分校二模）—Remember Vivien? She is still in gd shape and lks even yunger.
—Oh, really? I haven’t seen her fr nearly ten years. Culd yu tell me ________?
A．when she wuld cme backB．that she has gt married
C．hw can she manage t d thatD．where she has been these years
【变式2】（2022·江苏·无锡外国语学校二模）Culd yu please let me knw ________?
A．hw yu call the fdB．what’s the matter with the little by
C．hw lng he has gt marriedD．what’s the purpse t carry ut this prject
【变式3】（2022·江苏·连云港市新海初级中学三模）—The bk Gulliver in Liliput is very exciting.
—Really? Can yu tell me ________?
A．where can I brrw itB．when did the authr write it
C．hw lng I can keep itD．that I can brrw it
【变式4】（2022·江苏·扬州中学教育集团树人学校三模）— I am wndering ________.
— Oh, it was built t transprt fds and gds frm suth t nrth in past dynasties.
A．why peple built the Grand CanalB．hw peple built the Grand Canal
C．what peple built the Grand Canal withD．when peple built the Grand Canal
【变式5】（2022·江苏·连云港外国语学校二模）I have sme tickets fr the ftball match. I called my friends t see _______.
A．hw much shuld I pay fr themB．wh wants t g with me
C．whether they’d like t gD．hw did they g with me
【变式6】（2022·江苏·扬州市江都区第三中学二模）—Jim, is there anything else yu want t knw abut China?
—Yes, I am still wndering ________.
A．that the Frbidden City is well wrth a visit
B．whether d Chinese peple put up spring cuplets
C．d Chinese peple eat mncakes n Mid-autumn Festival
D．hw Chinese peple greet each ther when they meet
【变式7】（2022·江苏·东台市实验中学三模）—Let’s take a trip t Dngtai Huanghai Frest Park after the examinatin.
—That sunds great! But I wnder _________.
A．when and where shall we meetB．that we’ll g there by bus r by train
C．if it will be rainy that dayD．hw shall we get ready fr it
【变式8】（2022·江苏·盐城市初级中学三模）I think it difficult t write the bk reprt in tw days. I really dn’t knw ________.
A．wh I can ask fr helpB．when I wuld finish it
C．hw can I d itD．that I can finish it
【变式9】（2022·江苏·常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）—Mre and mre peple are crazy abut the game Travel Frg.
—I guess it has smething t d with ________.
A．hw much d peple like travellingB．hw lnely peple are in their real life
C．where did peple g in the gameD．hw peple will d with the frg’s prblems
【变式10】（2022·江苏·徐州市树人初级中学二模）—I want t take a curse in summer camp. Culd yu tell me ________?
—Yu’ll stay with a family in a village and experience their daily life.
A．when I shuld pay fr the curseB．where I will take it
C．what the best part f the curse isD．hw lng will I stay in the village
【变式11】（2022·江苏·盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）—Yanlng Sprts Park is a gd place t have fun. Culd yu please tell me ________?
— Yu can take the SRT·1. It’s 20 minutes’ ride.
A．hw far is the park frm hereB．hw I can get t the park
C．hw sn the bus is cmingD．hw lng des it take t get there
【变式12】（2022·江苏·射阳县第三中学一模）—Hw was yur winter hliday, Mike?
—Nt bad. What abut yu? Culd yu tell me ________?
A．what place yu have gne tB．if yu watched the 24th Winter Olympic Games
C．wh did yu spend the hliday withD．that yu watched a ftball match
【变式13】（2022·江苏·射阳县第三中学一模）Parents can get t knw ________ their children really want by cmmunicating with them patiently.
A．whetherB．whatC．hwD．why
【变式14】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）—Did yu have a gd time in Kunming?
—Yes, yu can see my phts n my Wechat Mments. They shw yu ________.
A．hw did we g thereB．where we will gC．when did we meetD．what the trip was like
【变式15】（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Have yu decided ________?
—Yes. I will g there in August.
A．hw yu will g t Beijing this summer hliday
B．when yu wuld g t Beijing with yur parents
C．wh yu will g t Beijing with this summer hliday
D．when yu will g t Beijing fr a visit with yur parents
【变式16】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）—What did yur sn say t yu just nw?
—He asked me ________.
A．why the Earth mved arund the Sun
B．hw the life will be like in 500 years
C．when wuld we g t a freign cuntry fr a hliday
D．if he culd play cmputer games after finishing hmewrk
【变式17】（2022·江苏常州·二模）The ld man desn’t knw if his daughter _________ t see him if she _______ free this Sunday.
A．will cme; will beB．cmes; isC．will cme; isD．cmes; will be
考向二 状语从句
例1（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）（时间状语从句）________ astrnauts g n spacewalks, they wear spacesuits t keep themselves safe.
A．ThughB．TillC．WhenD．Unless
例2（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）（条件状语从句）We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ________ there is a heavy rain.
A．whetherB．unlessC．sinceD．because
例3（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）（让步状语从句）Dad smetimes ges t the supermarket with us ________ he hates ging shpping.
A．becauseB．sC．thughD．if
例4（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）（原因状语从句）We wuld like t buy electric cars ________ they prduce less air pllutin.
A．becauseB．sC．thughD．but
例5（2021·江苏宿迁·中考真题）（目的状语从句）Mary shut the windw just nw ________ she culd keep the insects ut.
A．s thatB．whenC．tillD．after
例6（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）（结果状语从句）Yesterday, Lin Ta’s speech n hw t be a gd vlunteer was ________ wnderful that we culdn’t stp cheering fr him.
A．sB．veryC．tD．quite
状语从句
常见的状语从句可分为：时间、条件、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句，由不同的引导词引导。
考点一：时间状语从句
考点二：条件状语从句
条件状语从句的引导词主要有if和unless，两者可转换。
在条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即主将从现。
如：Yu will fail the exam if yu dn’t wrk hard.=Yu will fail the exam unless yu wrk hard.
如果不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。
考点三：原因状语从句
原因状语从句的引导词有because，since，as等。
注意：1. because和s不能同时使用。
如：He didn’t cme t schl yesterday because he was ill. 他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。
2. since引导原因状语从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由，表示“因为，既然”
如：since everyne is here, let’s start.既然大家都到期了，我们就开始吧。
考点四：让步状语从句
让步状语从句的引导词有thugh / althugh，even thugh / if等。
注意：thugh / althugh与but不能同时出现在一个句子里。
如：Thugh he is in pr health, he wrks hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。
考点五：结果状语从句
结果状语从句的引导词有s / such … that … 等。
（1）区分两种句式：
① s+adj./ adv.+that …
②such+(a / an)+adj.+n.+that …
如：Tm is s clever that he learns Chinese well. =Tm is such a clever by that he learns Chinese well.
汤姆如此聪明，语文学得很好。
（2）注意：当名词前有much，many，little，few等词修饰时，只能用s。
如：Yu can’t spend s much time n cmputer games.你不能花这么多时间在网络游戏上。
考点六：目的状语从句
目的状语从句的引导词有s that，in rder that等。
如：He std up s that / in rder that he culd see the blackbard clearly.
他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。
注意：目的状语从句中一般都含有表示可能性的词语，如cule, will, wuld, can等。
【变式1】（2022·江苏·无锡外国语学校二模）—Why did he lk s sad?
—His friend tld him that it wuld be quite a lng time ________ they had a chance t get tgether again.
A．afterB．befreC．sinceD．when
【变式2】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）It’s a pity that smkers wn’t realize the imprtance f health ________they lse it.
A．befreB．untilC．sinceD．if
【变式3】（2022·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）Lve yur parents ________ they are alive. Never wait until it is t late.
A．thughB．becauseC．whileD．until
【变式4】（2022·江苏·连云港外国语学校二模）The students in ur schl _______ t enter the schl if their temperature is abve 37.3℃.
A．dn’t allwB．wn’t allwC．aren’t allwD．wn’t be allwed
【变式5】（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）The museum will sn be pen t the public ________ the checking wrk is dne.
A．butB．ifC．whileD．unless
【变式6】（2022·江苏南京·二模）—We will g ut fr a picnic ________ it rains tmrrw.
—Yu needn’t wrry abut the weather. It’s sunny tmrrw.
A．untilB．ifC．unlessD．when
【变式7】（2022·江苏·盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）Friends have a lt in cmmn, ________ there are sme differences.
A．untilB．sinceC．althughD．after
【变式8】（2022·江苏·扬州市广陵区教师发展中心二模）________ taking exercise is imprtant, yu’d better nt exercise t clse t bedtime.
A．ThughB．AsC．IfD．Unless
【变式9】（2022·江苏无锡·二模）—Hw abut camping next week, just fr a change?
—OK, ________ yu want.
A．whateverB．wheneverC．wheverD．wherever
【变式10】（2022·江苏·宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模）He is interested in everything ________ he’s ver 80.
A．as sn asB．ifC．ever sinceD．even thugh
【变式11】（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Life is like a ne-way race, s treasure every mment ________ time cannt be wn again.
A．sB．asC．ifD．unless
【变式12】（2022·江苏·无锡市蠡园中学二模）________ yur father is well again, yu n lnger have anything t wrry abut.
A．SinceB．BefreC．AlthughD．While
【变式13】（2022·江苏宿迁·二模）We shuld take care f the earth ________ we can make a better wrld t live in.
A．s thatB．in rder tC．even ifD．as sn as
【变式14】（2022·江苏常州·一模）Hi, Mm is ________ film that few peple dislike it.
A．such a bringB．such an interestingC．s interestingD．s bring
【变式15】（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The dance-pem drama Picture f Vast Land is ________ that lts f peple enjy watching it.
A．such beautifulB．such uglyC．s beautifulD．s ugly
【变式16】（2022·江苏·扬州市邗江区梅苑双语学校一模）—I culdn’t believe he caught little fish in the pl.
—Really? In fact, he eats little fish that he seldm buys fish.
A．s; suchB．s; sC．such; sD．such; such
【变式17】（2022·江苏宿迁·一模）He gave us ________ gd advice that ________ peple disagreed.
A．such a ; a fewB．such; fewC．s; a fewD．s; few
考向三 定语从句
例1（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）（关系代词的选择）Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is cnsidered the queen f crime nvels.
A．whatB．whseC．whD．which
例2（2019·江苏淮安·中考真题）（关系代词的选择）The charities have helped mre children with the mney _______ peple raise.
A．whB．whatC．whereD．which
定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。
定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句
如：I knw the girl wh is sitting under the tree.
↓ ↓ ↓
先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句）
2. 关系词的选用：
3、关系词的省略：
关系代词that/wh/which/whm在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略
如：The cartns (that/which)I like have lts f jkes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
4.关系代词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that
如: My father and his teacher talked a lt abut the persns and things that they culdn’t remember.
(2)当先行词是all, much, anything, smething, nthing, everything, little, nne 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.
如: Say all that yu knw/ Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
(3)当先行词有the ne, the very, the nly, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用wh).
如：That’s the nly thing that I can d nw. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) wrds that he used.
(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best nvel that I have read.
(5)当主句是wh或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
5. 关系代词只能用which的情况
(1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/thse）修饰
如：I am reading that bk which yu read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书
(2)引导词前有介词
如：The schl campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
6. 定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“ne f+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：He is the man wh / that lives next dr. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人
He is ne f the students in his class wh have been t Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一
【变式1】（2023·江苏·无锡外国语学校一模）Is this the factry _________ sme freign friends visited last Mnday?
A．neB．whereC．in thatD．that
【变式2】（2022·江苏·沛县教师发展中心模拟预测）— Have yu read the bk The ld man and the sea written by the American writer, Hemingway?
— Of curse, an amazing stry. It’s the best bk ________ I’ve ever read.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．that
【变式3】（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Michael Jacksn was a singer ________ is cnsidered as the king f pp music.
A．whatB．whseC．whD．which
【变式4】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）The wman ________ is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A．whmB．whatC．whichD．wh
【变式5】（2022·江苏泰州·二模）China is getting better at making the mst ppular high-tech prducts ________ can be bught in all parts f the wrld.
A．whB．whichC．whatD．that
【变式6】（2022·江苏常州·二模）—Have yu fund the mbile phne _________ yu lst in the taxi yesterday?
—Nt yet. I’ll have t buy a new ne.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．where
【变式7】（2022·江苏扬州·二模）— Can yu say smething abut the Slender West Lake?
— It is the greatest place f interest ________ all the peple in Yangzhu are prud f.
A．whichB．whmC．whD．that
【变式8】（2022·江苏徐州·二模）Tm is thinking abut thse questins ________ yu asked me yesterday.
A．whseB．whC．whyD．/
【变式9】（2022·江苏徐州·二模）We will finish ur middle schl, we shuld say thanks t thse peple ________ help us a lt.
A．whichB．thatC．whmD．when
【变式10】（2022·江苏·连云港市新海初级中学一模）Wmen __________ drink mre than tw cups f cffee a day have a greater chance f having heart diseases than __________ wh dn’t.
A．wh; thatB．/; theseC．wh; thseD．/;/
【变式11】（2022·江苏·正衡中学一模）—D yu knw everybdy ________ attended the wedding?
—Almst, but I dn’t knw the ne in a hat ________ yu talked with at the entrance.
A．wh; /B．whse, thatC．that, whichD．/, whm
【变式12】（2022·江苏常州·一模）His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne ________ family was pr.
A．thatB．whichC．whseD．whm
【变式13】（2022·江苏苏州·一模）—Why dn’t yu like playing chess?
—Playing chess is an activity ________ needs much patience. But I’m nt patient at all.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．where
【变式14】（2022·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—D yu knw the pretty girl with ________ yur neighbr is talking?
—Of curse. She is a classmate f ________.
A．which; meB．wh; myC．whm; mine
【变式15】（2022·河北·隆化县第二中学模拟预测）I dn’t knw the girl t _________ yu talked just nw.
A．whichB．whC．whmD．what
【变式16】（2022·云南昭通·二模）D yu knw the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city f Yunan?
A．whereB．whichC．whD．whse
【变式17】（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第四十七中学一模）It’s impssible fr anyne t take the svereignty(主权)ver Taiwan Island away frm China, ________ has been part f China since ancient times .
A．whereB．thatC．which
【变式18】（2020·湖南·长沙麓山国际实验学校二模）Tday I can see a hall full f talented teens graduated frm Changsha Internatinal Experimental Middle Schl, ________ eyes are full f hpe fr the future.
A．whereB．whC．whse
【变式19】（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市风华中学校三模）The year 2022 is the mst unusual year ________ ur cuntry held the Beijing Winter Olympic Games successfully.
A．whichB．in whichC．that
【变式20】（2022·广西柳州·三模）The pen ________ she writes letters is brken.
A．thatB．whichC．with which
命题方向
重要指数
考向一 宾语从句
（必考点）
考向二 状语从句
（必考点）
考向三 定语从句
（必考点）
引导词
用法
例句
when
when引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词，多用一般过去时
They were talking happily when I walked past the dr.当我从门前走过，他们正在开心地聊天。
while
while强调主句和从句动作同时发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，多用进行时态。
My mther was cking while I was ding my hmewrk.
当妈妈在做饭的时候，我在做作业。
nt … until
主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。
The bus wn’t start until everybdy gets n.
公共汽车直到每个人都上车才会发动。
since
主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从句谓语动词一般用一般过去时。
Five yeas has passed since we saw each ther last time.
距离我们上次见面已经五年过去了。
befre
befre 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。
We turned ff the light befre we left.
我们在离开前关了灯。
after
after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
He went t bed after he finished his wrk.
他做完工作后就去睡觉了。
as sn as
若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。
I will tell him the news as sn as I see him.
我一看见他，就会告诉他这个消息。
关系代词
指代
在定从中所作成分
例句
which
物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。
that
人、物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。
The girl that has lng hair is his sister.
留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。
wh
人
主语 宾语
The girl wh has lng hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。
whm
人
宾语
He is the student that/wh/whm I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生
whse
人的，物的
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
我喜欢那些话题是历史的书
例1 （2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）（宾语从句的语序）— There will be a rbt n shw in ur schl next week.
— Really? I wnder ________.
A．what it likesB．what it is likeC．what des it likeD．what is it like
例2（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题（宾语从句的时态）The chief engineer annunced that they ________ a space lab n the space statin arund the end f 2022.
A．have builtB．had builtC．will buildD．wuld build
例3（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）（宾语从句的引导词）—Can yu tell me ________?
—Never spend t much time n screen.
A．hw we can have bright eyesB．why we shuld prtect ur eyes
C．where we can see an eye dctrD．when we shuld d eye exercises
宾语从句
用法详解：
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如
Rse said she wuld visit us smetime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。
↓ ↓
主句 从句 (宾语从句)
Culd yu tell me where he is frm? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？
↓ ↓
主句 从句 (宾语从句)
考点1：引导词的选用
(1). 陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。
I am ging t meet my net friends in Guangzhu. He said.
→He said that he was ging t meet his net friends in Guangzhu. 他说他将要在广州见他的网友。
(2). 一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有r、r nt 时只用whether）
Wuld yu like t play basketball with me? He asked me.
→He asked me if/whether I liked t play basketball with him. 他问我是否会和他去打篮球。
Is it a fast train r a slwly ne? I wanted t knw.
→I wanted t knw whether it was a fast train r a slwly ne.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。
(3). 特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。
Hw ld are yu? They want t knw.
→They want t knw hw ld yu are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。
What are yu ging t d this afternn? He asked me.
→He asked me what I was ging t d this afternn.他问我今天下午要做什么。
考点2：语序 (宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词在主语之后）
He asked Jane: “Why dn’t yu cme”?
疑问语序(第1动词dn’t 在主语yu之前)
He asked Jane why she didn’t cme last night. 他问简恩为什么昨晚她不来。
陈述语序(第1动词didn’t 在主语yu之后)
Lucy wanted t knw if I culd make a cake fr yu.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。
特殊：①.What’s wrng with …在宾语从句中不变语序。如：
I want t knw what’s wrng with yu.我想知道你怎么啦。
②. 引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：
Jack asked me wh wuld give us the lecture this afternn.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。
(wh 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词wuld give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)
考点3：时态
口诀：主现从实，主过从过，真理除外
(1). 主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
“Jhn speaks highly f yu.” Tm tells me.
→Tm tells me that Jhn speaks highly f me. 汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)
(2). 主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。
“When shall we have the meeting?” The by asked.
→The by asked when they shuld have the meeting. 男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。
(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→shuld)
(3). 从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。
“The earth ges arund the sun.” The teacher tld the students.
→The teacher tld the students that the earth ges arund the sun. 老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。
(主句用tld, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth ges arund the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)
Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sund.
考点4.宾语从句的注意问题
（1）宾语从句与简单句的转换：当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式” 结构。
如：I dn’t knw what I shuld d next. =I dn’t knw what t d next. 我不知道接下来要做什么。
（2）宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句谓语动词think，suppse，believe等后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称，变否定句时应否定主句。如：I dn’t think yu are right. 我认为你不对。
【变式1】（2022·江苏省淮阴中学开明分校二模）—Remember Vivien? She is still in gd shape and lks even yunger.
—Oh, really? I haven’t seen her fr nearly ten years. Culd yu tell me ________?
A．when she wuld cme backB．that she has gt married
C．hw can she manage t d thatD．where she has been these years
【变式2】（2022·江苏·无锡外国语学校二模）Culd yu please let me knw ________?
A．hw yu call the fdB．what’s the matter with the little by
C．hw lng he has gt marriedD．what’s the purpse t carry ut this prject
【变式3】（2022·江苏·连云港市新海初级中学三模）—The bk Gulliver in Liliput is very exciting.
—Really? Can yu tell me ________?
A．where can I brrw itB．when did the authr write it
C．hw lng I can keep itD．that I can brrw it
【变式4】（2022·江苏·扬州中学教育集团树人学校三模）— I am wndering ________.
— Oh, it was built t transprt fds and gds frm suth t nrth in past dynasties.
A．why peple built the Grand CanalB．hw peple built the Grand Canal
C．what peple built the Grand Canal withD．when peple built the Grand Canal
【变式5】（2022·江苏·连云港外国语学校二模）I have sme tickets fr the ftball match. I called my friends t see _______.
A．hw much shuld I pay fr themB．wh wants t g with me
C．whether they’d like t gD．hw did they g with me
【变式6】（2022·江苏·扬州市江都区第三中学二模）—Jim, is there anything else yu want t knw abut China?
—Yes, I am still wndering ________.
A．that the Frbidden City is well wrth a visit
B．whether d Chinese peple put up spring cuplets
C．d Chinese peple eat mncakes n Mid-autumn Festival
D．hw Chinese peple greet each ther when they meet
【变式7】（2022·江苏·东台市实验中学三模）—Let’s take a trip t Dngtai Huanghai Frest Park after the examinatin.
—That sunds great! But I wnder _________.
A．when and where shall we meetB．that we’ll g there by bus r by train
C．if it will be rainy that dayD．hw shall we get ready fr it
【变式8】（2022·江苏·盐城市初级中学三模）I think it difficult t write the bk reprt in tw days. I really dn’t knw ________.
A．wh I can ask fr helpB．when I wuld finish it
C．hw can I d itD．that I can finish it
【变式9】（2022·江苏·常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）—Mre and mre peple are crazy abut the game Travel Frg.
—I guess it has smething t d with ________.
A．hw much d peple like travellingB．hw lnely peple are in their real life
C．where did peple g in the gameD．hw peple will d with the frg’s prblems
【变式10】（2022·江苏·徐州市树人初级中学二模）—I want t take a curse in summer camp. Culd yu tell me ________?
—Yu’ll stay with a family in a village and experience their daily life.
A．when I shuld pay fr the curseB．where I will take it
C．what the best part f the curse isD．hw lng will I stay in the village
【变式11】（2022·江苏·盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）—Yanlng Sprts Park is a gd place t have fun. Culd yu please tell me ________?
— Yu can take the SRT·1. It’s 20 minutes’ ride.
A．hw far is the park frm hereB．hw I can get t the park
C．hw sn the bus is cmingD．hw lng des it take t get there
【变式12】（2022·江苏·射阳县第三中学一模）—Hw was yur winter hliday, Mike?
—Nt bad. What abut yu? Culd yu tell me ________?
A．what place yu have gne tB．if yu watched the 24th Winter Olympic Games
C．wh did yu spend the hliday withD．that yu watched a ftball match
【变式13】（2022·江苏·射阳县第三中学一模）Parents can get t knw ________ their children really want by cmmunicating with them patiently.
A．whetherB．whatC．hwD．why
【变式14】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）—Did yu have a gd time in Kunming?
—Yes, yu can see my phts n my Wechat Mments. They shw yu ________.
A．hw did we g thereB．where we will gC．when did we meetD．what the trip was like
【变式15】（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Have yu decided ________?
—Yes. I will g there in August.
A．hw yu will g t Beijing this summer hliday
B．when yu wuld g t Beijing with yur parents
C．wh yu will g t Beijing with this summer hliday
D．when yu will g t Beijing fr a visit with yur parents
【变式16】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）—What did yur sn say t yu just nw?
—He asked me ________.
A．why the Earth mved arund the Sun
B．hw the life will be like in 500 years
C．when wuld we g t a freign cuntry fr a hliday
D．if he culd play cmputer games after finishing hmewrk
【变式17】（2022·江苏常州·二模）The ld man desn’t knw if his daughter _________ t see him if she _______ free this Sunday.
A．will cme; will beB．cmes; isC．will cme; isD．cmes; will be
考向二 状语从句
例1（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）（时间状语从句）________ astrnauts g n spacewalks, they wear spacesuits t keep themselves safe.
A．ThughB．TillC．WhenD．Unless
例2（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）（条件状语从句）We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ________ there is a heavy rain.
A．whetherB．unlessC．sinceD．because
例3（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）（让步状语从句）Dad smetimes ges t the supermarket with us ________ he hates ging shpping.
A．becauseB．sC．thughD．if
例4（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）（原因状语从句）We wuld like t buy electric cars ________ they prduce less air pllutin.
A．becauseB．sC．thughD．but
例5（2021·江苏宿迁·中考真题）（目的状语从句）Mary shut the windw just nw ________ she culd keep the insects ut.
A．s thatB．whenC．tillD．after
例6（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）（结果状语从句）Yesterday, Lin Ta’s speech n hw t be a gd vlunteer was ________ wnderful that we culdn’t stp cheering fr him.
A．sB．veryC．tD．quite
状语从句
常见的状语从句可分为：时间、条件、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句，由不同的引导词引导。
考点一：时间状语从句
考点二：条件状语从句
条件状语从句的引导词主要有if和unless，两者可转换。
在条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即主将从现。
如：Yu will fail the exam if yu dn’t wrk hard.=Yu will fail the exam unless yu wrk hard.
如果不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。
考点三：原因状语从句
原因状语从句的引导词有because，since，as等。
注意：1. because和s不能同时使用。
如：He didn’t cme t schl yesterday because he was ill. 他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。
2. since引导原因状语从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由，表示“因为，既然”
如：since everyne is here, let’s start.既然大家都到期了，我们就开始吧。
考点四：让步状语从句
让步状语从句的引导词有thugh / althugh，even thugh / if等。
注意：thugh / althugh与but不能同时出现在一个句子里。
如：Thugh he is in pr health, he wrks hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。
考点五：结果状语从句
结果状语从句的引导词有s / such … that … 等。
（1）区分两种句式：
① s+adj./ adv.+that …
②such+(a / an)+adj.+n.+that …
如：Tm is s clever that he learns Chinese well. =Tm is such a clever by that he learns Chinese well.
汤姆如此聪明，语文学得很好。
（2）注意：当名词前有much，many，little，few等词修饰时，只能用s。
如：Yu can’t spend s much time n cmputer games.你不能花这么多时间在网络游戏上。
考点六：目的状语从句
目的状语从句的引导词有s that，in rder that等。
如：He std up s that / in rder that he culd see the blackbard clearly.
他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。
注意：目的状语从句中一般都含有表示可能性的词语，如cule, will, wuld, can等。
【变式1】（2022·江苏·无锡外国语学校二模）—Why did he lk s sad?
—His friend tld him that it wuld be quite a lng time ________ they had a chance t get tgether again.
A．afterB．befreC．sinceD．when
【变式2】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）It’s a pity that smkers wn’t realize the imprtance f health ________they lse it.
A．befreB．untilC．sinceD．if
【变式3】（2022·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）Lve yur parents ________ they are alive. Never wait until it is t late.
A．thughB．becauseC．whileD．until
【变式4】（2022·江苏·连云港外国语学校二模）The students in ur schl _______ t enter the schl if their temperature is abve 37.3℃.
A．dn’t allwB．wn’t allwC．aren’t allwD．wn’t be allwed
【变式5】（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）The museum will sn be pen t the public ________ the checking wrk is dne.
A．butB．ifC．whileD．unless
【变式6】（2022·江苏南京·二模）—We will g ut fr a picnic ________ it rains tmrrw.
—Yu needn’t wrry abut the weather. It’s sunny tmrrw.
A．untilB．ifC．unlessD．when
【变式7】（2022·江苏·盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）Friends have a lt in cmmn, ________ there are sme differences.
A．untilB．sinceC．althughD．after
【变式8】（2022·江苏·扬州市广陵区教师发展中心二模）________ taking exercise is imprtant, yu’d better nt exercise t clse t bedtime.
A．ThughB．AsC．IfD．Unless
【变式9】（2022·江苏无锡·二模）—Hw abut camping next week, just fr a change?
—OK, ________ yu want.
A．whateverB．wheneverC．wheverD．wherever
【变式10】（2022·江苏·宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模）He is interested in everything ________ he’s ver 80.
A．as sn asB．ifC．ever sinceD．even thugh
【变式11】（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Life is like a ne-way race, s treasure every mment ________ time cannt be wn again.
A．sB．asC．ifD．unless
【变式12】（2022·江苏·无锡市蠡园中学二模）________ yur father is well again, yu n lnger have anything t wrry abut.
A．SinceB．BefreC．AlthughD．While
【变式13】（2022·江苏宿迁·二模）We shuld take care f the earth ________ we can make a better wrld t live in.
A．s thatB．in rder tC．even ifD．as sn as
【变式14】（2022·江苏常州·一模）Hi, Mm is ________ film that few peple dislike it.
A．such a bringB．such an interestingC．s interestingD．s bring
【变式15】（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The dance-pem drama Picture f Vast Land is ________ that lts f peple enjy watching it.
A．such beautifulB．such uglyC．s beautifulD．s ugly
【变式16】（2022·江苏·扬州市邗江区梅苑双语学校一模）—I culdn’t believe he caught little fish in the pl.
—Really? In fact, he eats little fish that he seldm buys fish.
A．s; suchB．s; sC．such; sD．such; such
【变式17】（2022·江苏宿迁·一模）He gave us ________ gd advice that ________ peple disagreed.
A．such a ; a fewB．such; fewC．s; a fewD．s; few
考向三 定语从句
例1（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）（关系代词的选择）Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is cnsidered the queen f crime nvels.
A．whatB．whseC．whD．which
例2（2019·江苏淮安·中考真题）（关系代词的选择）The charities have helped mre children with the mney _______ peple raise.
A．whB．whatC．whereD．which
定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。
定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句
如：I knw the girl wh is sitting under the tree.
↓ ↓ ↓
先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句）
2. 关系词的选用：
3、关系词的省略：
关系代词that/wh/which/whm在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略
如：The cartns (that/which)I like have lts f jkes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
4.关系代词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that
如: My father and his teacher talked a lt abut the persns and things that they culdn’t remember.
(2)当先行词是all, much, anything, smething, nthing, everything, little, nne 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.
如: Say all that yu knw/ Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
(3)当先行词有the ne, the very, the nly, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用wh).
如：That’s the nly thing that I can d nw. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) wrds that he used.
(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best nvel that I have read.
(5)当主句是wh或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
5. 关系代词只能用which的情况
(1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/thse）修饰
如：I am reading that bk which yu read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书
(2)引导词前有介词
如：The schl campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
6. 定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“ne f+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：He is the man wh / that lives next dr. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人
He is ne f the students in his class wh have been t Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一
【变式1】（2023·江苏·无锡外国语学校一模）Is this the factry _________ sme freign friends visited last Mnday?
A．neB．whereC．in thatD．that
【变式2】（2022·江苏·沛县教师发展中心模拟预测）— Have yu read the bk The ld man and the sea written by the American writer, Hemingway?
— Of curse, an amazing stry. It’s the best bk ________ I’ve ever read.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．that
【变式3】（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Michael Jacksn was a singer ________ is cnsidered as the king f pp music.
A．whatB．whseC．whD．which
【变式4】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）The wman ________ is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A．whmB．whatC．whichD．wh
【变式5】（2022·江苏泰州·二模）China is getting better at making the mst ppular high-tech prducts ________ can be bught in all parts f the wrld.
A．whB．whichC．whatD．that
【变式6】（2022·江苏常州·二模）—Have yu fund the mbile phne _________ yu lst in the taxi yesterday?
—Nt yet. I’ll have t buy a new ne.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．where
【变式7】（2022·江苏扬州·二模）— Can yu say smething abut the Slender West Lake?
— It is the greatest place f interest ________ all the peple in Yangzhu are prud f.
A．whichB．whmC．whD．that
【变式8】（2022·江苏徐州·二模）Tm is thinking abut thse questins ________ yu asked me yesterday.
A．whseB．whC．whyD．/
【变式9】（2022·江苏徐州·二模）We will finish ur middle schl, we shuld say thanks t thse peple ________ help us a lt.
A．whichB．thatC．whmD．when
【变式10】（2022·江苏·连云港市新海初级中学一模）Wmen __________ drink mre than tw cups f cffee a day have a greater chance f having heart diseases than __________ wh dn’t.
A．wh; thatB．/; theseC．wh; thseD．/;/
【变式11】（2022·江苏·正衡中学一模）—D yu knw everybdy ________ attended the wedding?
—Almst, but I dn’t knw the ne in a hat ________ yu talked with at the entrance.
A．wh; /B．whse, thatC．that, whichD．/, whm
【变式12】（2022·江苏常州·一模）His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne ________ family was pr.
A．thatB．whichC．whseD．whm
【变式13】（2022·江苏苏州·一模）—Why dn’t yu like playing chess?
—Playing chess is an activity ________ needs much patience. But I’m nt patient at all.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．where
【变式14】（2022·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—D yu knw the pretty girl with ________ yur neighbr is talking?
—Of curse. She is a classmate f ________.
A．which; meB．wh; myC．whm; mine
【变式15】（2022·河北·隆化县第二中学模拟预测）I dn’t knw the girl t _________ yu talked just nw.
A．whichB．whC．whmD．what
【变式16】（2022·云南昭通·二模）D yu knw the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city f Yunan?
A．whereB．whichC．whD．whse
【变式17】（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第四十七中学一模）It’s impssible fr anyne t take the svereignty(主权)ver Taiwan Island away frm China, ________ has been part f China since ancient times .
A．whereB．thatC．which
【变式18】（2020·湖南·长沙麓山国际实验学校二模）Tday I can see a hall full f talented teens graduated frm Changsha Internatinal Experimental Middle Schl, ________ eyes are full f hpe fr the future.
A．whereB．whC．whse
【变式19】（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市风华中学校三模）The year 2022 is the mst unusual year ________ ur cuntry held the Beijing Winter Olympic Games successfully.
A．whichB．in whichC．that
【变式20】（2022·广西柳州·三模）The pen ________ she writes letters is brken.
A．thatB．whichC．with which
命题方向
重要指数
考向一 宾语从句
（必考点）
考向二 状语从句
（必考点）
考向三 定语从句
（必考点）
引导词
用法
例句
when
when引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词，多用一般过去时
They were talking happily when I walked past the dr.当我从门前走过，他们正在开心地聊天。
while
while强调主句和从句动作同时发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，多用进行时态。
My mther was cking while I was ding my hmewrk.
当妈妈在做饭的时候，我在做作业。
nt … until
主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。
The bus wn’t start until everybdy gets n.
公共汽车直到每个人都上车才会发动。
since
主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从句谓语动词一般用一般过去时。
Five yeas has passed since we saw each ther last time.
距离我们上次见面已经五年过去了。
befre
befre 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。
We turned ff the light befre we left.
我们在离开前关了灯。
after
after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
He went t bed after he finished his wrk.
他做完工作后就去睡觉了。
as sn as
若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。
I will tell him the news as sn as I see him.
我一看见他，就会告诉他这个消息。
关系代词
指代
在定从中所作成分
例句
which
物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。
that
人、物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。
The girl that has lng hair is his sister.
留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。
wh
人
主语 宾语
The girl wh has lng hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。
whm
人
宾语
He is the student that/wh/whm I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生
whse
人的，物的
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
我喜欢那些话题是历史的书
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