16. 阅读回答问题专练 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

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第16讲： 阅读理解简答题专项训练



阅读短文，并按照题目要求回答问题
When my friends went to college in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life. My spirit sank. Surrounded by strange classmates, I felt like I was in a maze and was sorry about myself. There were some complex feelings in my minds. I was frightened, nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear. As a result, I was always feeling down during class time.
My teacher found me spiritless. One day he asked me to come to his office and told me about his attitude towards life: we might suffer from mistakes, but it’s important to learn lessons from them. All the pains and the embarrassing things we experience are part of the process. So keep up your spirit! At last, he added, “If you are optimistic, things you want may happen to you!”
Warmth rushed through my soul. I suddenly found the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher’s help, I eventually got over my depression. From then on, I no longer bowed my head and began smiling to my classmates. I would put up my hand confidently in class and play with my new friends in my spare time. Meanwhile, I was gradually embraced by my classmates.
Now faced with fierce competition, we all study hard because we know that every second counts. Moreover, there is an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between us. I love my class; I love my classmates!
To be frank, I still have a thirst for my dream university, but I’m not afraid of failure because I can profit by it. With parents and teachers’ encouragement, I’m quite certain of my success and I’m sure I can fly high.
1．Why was the writer in low spirits at the beginning? (No more than 10 words)
________________
2．What did the teacher expect the writer to do? (No more than 10 words)
________________
3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? (No more than 15 words)
________________
4．What does the underlined word “embraced” in paragraph 5 mean? (No more than 1 words)
________________
5．What do you think of failure? Please explain (No more than 25 words)
________________

阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
My family moved into a newly constructed home in Calgary 10 years ago. That year was full of promise. We waved at the stream of incoming families during their move-in days. Hands were shaken. Couches (沙发) were hauled (拖) up steps. But we saw less of each other as winter approached. Names were forgotten.
As the snow melted, many of the neighborhood’s kids began to learn how to ride a bike. Their mothers would be nearby, sitting and chatting on the roadside. Dad wanted a place for children to play, a quiet place for parents to sit and relax, but more importantly, a reason for everyone to leave the house and join the community. He began imagining benches.
He started knocking on doors and reshaking hands with the neighbors. When Construction began with me and my father hauling pieces of wood and steel out of his truck, within minutes there was a crowd of young neighbors at hand, each claiming they could help. None of us knew each other well, but all hands were on deck. Jeff ran to the garage to grab his drill (钻孔机). Brian held the boards together while I dug through the toolbox in search of a wrench (扳手). Charlie measured and marked locations on the ground for drilling.
After a few hours, three benches formed a semi-circle on the street. They were the perfect place to sit and be with the neighbors, have a coffee in the morning or have a beer after work.
That afternoon marked the first of many weekend Neighbor Days when weather permitted. Kids raced each other around while parents brought out food. Later in the evening, someone put a firepit in the center of the benches so that the conversations would carry on into the night. We often ended up there the following afternoon, as well as countless afternoons and evenings in the years since.
I moved out for university four years ago, having learned to emotionally value community. But I’ve never lived somewhere as social as my family neighborhood since. Just as the saying goes, you must be a good neighbor to have good neighbors. My dad wasn’t thinking much about building those benches. He just wanted a place to sit on a Saturday afternoon, a place to bring the community together.
6．How did the neighborhood react when new families moved in? (No more than 5 words.)
_________________________________________________________________
7．Why did the author’s father want to build the benches? (No more than 10 words.)
_________________________________________________________________
8．How do you understand the underlined sentence in the third paragraph? (No more than 10 words.)
_________________________________________________________________
9．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? (No more than 15 words.)
_________________________________________________________________
10．What will you do to benefit your community? Please explain the reason. (No more than 20 words)
_________________________________________________________________

Lillian Hanson, a college junior, expects to graduate in about two years. Mrs. Hanson, a rather unusual student, plans to go on to take more courses after she gets her degree. What makes Mrs. Hanson different from most of her classmates?
What sets Lillian Hanson apart from the college crowd is her age-73 years. She has been going to college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years.
When Mrs. Hanson graduated from high school, she went to her local bank and asked for a loan for college tuition and fees. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn’t think that a country girl should be borrowing money to go to college. He thought she should be home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Mrs. Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college. She still lives with her husband on the farm that has been in the family for five generations.
Mrs. Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children were grown up, she tried again.
She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age to be sitting in class for long periods of time. Because she is not able to move as quickly and easily as she used to be, Mrs. Hanson often gets up and walks around between classes to keep from getting rigid. At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all stood up to give Mrs. Hanson big applause when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her goals were.
11．What makes Lillian Hanson different from most of her classmates? (不多于两个单词)
___________________________________________________________
12．Why did the banker refuse to provide a loan for Lillian Hanson? (不多于16个单词)
___________________________________________________________
13．What does she find the hardest part of going back to school? (不多于七个单词)
___________________________________________________________
14．What kind of person do you think Lillian Hanson is? (不多于七个单词)
___________________________________________________________

阅读短文，用英语回答问题
Putting on weight could be a side-effect of loneliness, research suggests. Women, who feel lonely, are hungrier, and they even find a big meal less satisfying. This could be the body’s way of telling them to seek company, for eating has been a sociable activity throughout human evolution.
The researchers asked 42 women not to eat overnight, and then gave them a large breakfast. The women rated their hunger before and after their meal and blood samples which revealed their levels of ghrelin --- the “hunger hormone (激素)”. As expected, levels of ghrelin fell after eating and then started to rise. However, the rise was much quicker in the lonely women, and they made much more of the hormone. They also said they felt hungrier. They said: “The need for social connection is essential to human nature. As a result, people may feel hungrier when they feel socially disconnected.”
Interestingly, loneliness only makes thin women hungrier. It has no effect on the appetite of those who are corpulent. It isn’t clear why this is, but it is possible that the shame related with being fat makes socializing less valuable for them. Other studies suggest you should choose your company carefully at mealtimes. It has been shown that we tend to mimic (模仿) our dining companion’s eating habits, taking mouthfuls at the same time and eating more when our companion does. The link with appetite could help explain the range of devastating effects loneliness can have on health.
Being cut off from friends and family can raise blood pressure, stress and the risk of depression, as well as weakening the immune system (免疫系统) and a person’s resistance to disease (早老性痴呆). Overall, loneliness is as damaging as smoking or not exercising.
15．How will the lonely people react, according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________
16．What does the body want to tell by being hungry? (no more than 7 words)
_____________________________________________________________
17．What is essential to human nature? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________
18．What does the underlined word “corpulent” probably mean? (1 word )
_____________________________________________________________
19．What do you tend to do while feeling lonely? (no more than 30 words)
________________________________________________________________

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When I was a kid, if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy (读写能力)foundation, I would have laughed and kept walking. Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book, My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World, I shake my head, not quite believing that book has my name on it. But the truth is, this story comes from my own personal experience.
It took me a very long time to find my personal reading voice. In Valdosta, GA, where I grew up, my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was no different than the other kids, so I did what felt natural: Play football and overlook school. School presented challenges every day and so did football practice, but overcoming physical adversity was on trend with my neighborhood’s culture. Reading books not so much.
Fortunately, I went to college. That’s where my reading struggles really appeared. Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food. I would misread labels and grab the wrong items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed to make an important decision. If I wanted to be a better version of me, I had to become a stronger reader
I joined a book club and read every free moment I had. My journey with reading also created a desire in me to inspire others who struggle with reading. So I started a nonprofit, Share the Magic Foundation, trying to transform the lives of children living in underserved communities through literacy.
20．How does the author feel about his new book? (No more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________
21．Why did the author ignore reading when he was a little boy? (No more than 12 words)
______________________________________________________
22．What is the 3rd paragraph mainly about? (No more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________
23．What does the underlined word “adversity” mean? (No more than 2 words)
______________________________________________________
24．What do you think of reading? And why? (No more than 25 words.)
______________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements with no more than 8 words.
Culture Shock
Culture shock is the emotional and mental reaction to being in a completely new cultural environment. This is often a very difficult experience for many people and it consist of several stages of feelings until someone successfully adapts to being in the new culture.
The “honeymoon” stage of culture shock is usually the first stage that people go through when surrounded by different cultural values and lifestyles. During this stage, people often have very positive images of their new cultural surroundings. They tend to view these in an idealistic way and ignore or minimize problems. This stage quickly gives way to the second stage, called “the frustration phase”.
During the “frustration stage”, the newcomer begins to experience a more negative view of their cultural surroundings. There is a definite frustration that things that should be easy are still difficult. For example, people who may have been enjoyed learning the basics of a language during the honeymoon phase would now find it a chore to try and communicate with locals in the frustration phase.
After the frustration stage ends, the adjustment phase begins. This marks the time when newcomers begin to adjust themselves to the new culture. They begin to accept the differences around them and the challenges of everyday life. This opens the door to two possible outcomes— mastery and rejection.
Those newcomers who enter the “mastery stage” have completely accepted the values and beliefs of the new culture. Those who choose the “rejection phase” have decided not to accept it. They usually choose to permanently withdraw from the culture through isolation or returning home.
Culture shock is a very emotional experience for most people and there are many symptoms. It is important to recognize these symptoms in newcomers and understand the reasons for these feelings.
25．Culture shock refers to how people ________________ being in a new culture environment emotionally and mentally.
26．People usually take a(n) ________________ attitude towards a new culture environment when they first arrive.
27．In which of the four stages do people feel worst, according to the passage?
___________________________________________________________
28．The following paragraph is a short summary of the passage. Fill in each blank with no more than 8 words.
People experience ________________ after arriving in a new cultural environment. It usually consists of four stages. First, people find everything is ________________. Then, they start to find things harder and ________________. Next, they learn to ________________. After that, some people will feel completed integrated into the new culture, while some will choose ________________.

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When I was a kid, there was only one way my parents would let me stay home from school and that was if I had a high fever. Most of my friends could stay home due to a stomachache or a mild fever — but not me… I had to be dying in order to stay home. By the way, my parents are both doctors. My parents used to say that they were teaching me how to have a good work ethic (职业道德). I didn’t understand the connection until last week.
The other day I was on the train and sat behind a young man who was complaining to his friend about his life. He went on for twenty minutes about how his passion in life was to make movies, but he wouldn’t pursue it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn’t want to waste time because it would take years to make it big. He then admitted to thinking about buying stocks by borrowing money because he thought he could easily make six figures within one year. His friend agreed with him and said, “The stock is good because you can make tons of money and only work for a short time.”
I think they were indulging (沉溺) in the wildest fantasy. Many people these days don’t realize that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into them and it isn’t due to some miraculous (不可思议的) event. The easier it looks, the more hours go into it. There is no excuse for laziness.
Looking at the two young men, all of a sudden I was having a flashback of being ten years old and watching the television show Fame.
In the show the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame costs and here’s how you start paying for it … in sweat.” Every time we watched that show, my dad would proudly say how right the teacher was because in order to succeed you have to work hard.
29．Why did the young man on the train give up his dream of making movies?
________________
30．What will it take to make lots of money in a short time in author’s opinion?
________________
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø The author’s father thought that in order to succeed we can rely on some miraculous event.
________________
32．Do you agree with the author’s opinion? Give your reasons. (about 40 words)
________________

阅读表达
Imagine a world with no more wild animals: no elephants, no giraffes and no lions.
To some people, that thought is too terrible, so they are doing something about it. Being surrounded by wild animals — feeding them and caring for them — is all Tiffany Soechting has ever wanted to do all her life. And that is exactly what she does.
Soechting is the human “mother” to the 500 animals that live on her family’s wildlife farm. On the farm, she cares for creatures from every continent except Antarctica (南极洲).
Visitors get a chance not only to see these creatures there, but also to feed them, And the animals are not against that. For them, people and the special vehicles used on the farm are part of their natural environment. “When you come here, the animals are walking around freely like they would if they were in their native homeland. And you can touch them,” said Soechting. “For the most part, the majority of them were born and grew up here. But even when we bring them in — like if we bring a new male in the rest of the herd (兽群) is comfortable with what is going on.”
Tourists are not the only people to visit the farm. Many schools come for field trips all throughout the year, so it is a place of education as well as conservation. But for Soechting, the farm is simply home, and it has been for many generations.
As the animals walk peacefully around, it is easy to forget that a busy city is just a few minutes away. Tiffany Soechting and the 500 animals do not seem to give it a second thought.
33．What does Tiffany Soechting do?
__________________________________________________________________
34．What can visitors do on Soechting’s family farm?
__________________________________________________________________
35．How do animals feel about the visit?
__________________________________________________________________
36．Apart from animal conservation, what else can people do on the farm?
__________________________________________________________________
37．What does the sentence “Tiffany Soechting and the 500 animals do not seem to give it a second thought” in the last paragraph mean?
__________________________________________________________________

阅读表达
On the morning of my Ph.D qualifying exam, I rolled out of the bed and got dressed. Next I did my make-up and put on my heels. I looked at myself in the mirror, feeling confident that I could face the members of my Ph.D committee and answer whatever questions they threw at me during my presentation. It’s a strategy that I newly developed due to an unexpected inspiration from Lady Gaga.
As a student, I’ve always struggled with being confident at school. I especially feared to give presentations about my research. The breakthrough came during the month before my qualifying exam when I listened to Lady Gaga’s new album titled Joanne. As a committed fan, I noticed that this album differed greatly compared with her past ones. She had quitted her usual dance-pop and tried country music for the first time, and her clothing had changed as well. Obviously, Lady Gaga was taking a huge professional risk. However, she was confident of the music she released, and the fresh image she adopted.
That got me thinking: Could I do something similar before I stepped on stage? My naturally shy and quiet personality was not exactly ideal for public speaking, so I thought about the features and the image I wanted my professional self to possess. I wore professional clothing and highlighted my features — bravery, grace, and self-assurance — through make-up.
When I walked into the exam room, I was pleased to discover that I had new-found confidence. Sure, I was still nervous, but I had an unfamiliar sense of calm as soon as I began my talk. I was able to reply to questions without the trembling voice, and I took ownership of the work I presented. Thanks to Lady Gaga, I now have a strategy that unlocks the key to my confidence.
38．What was the author scared of at school? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________
39．What breakthrough did Lady Gaga make in her new album? (No more than 15 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________
40．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 3? (One word)
__________________________________________________________________________________
41．How did the author conquer her shyness and nervousness in the Ph.D qualifying exam?(No more than 15 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________
42．What inspiration do you get from the author? Please explain it in your own words.(No more than 20 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
On a recent Saturday, I stepped into a MeDonald to use the ladies’ room. There I saw a woman of my age with a concerned look on her face helping her elderly father slowly make his way to the men’s room with his walker.She seemed like a loving,dutiful daughter dealing with the role reversal(逆转)that comes with age—those moments when it feels like you’re talking care of your parents,instead of being taken care of by your parents.
As a member of the sandwich generation,I can relate.I often feel like the peanut butter between two pieced of bread:I’m trying to hold it together for my two teenage daughters,and  also meet the needs of my 89-year-old mom,Elinor.
My mother’s day-to-day care became a must after my father passed away last year.My parents cared for each other through Parkinson’s disease,heart disease and cancer.Now mom is living alone, in the same house in Virginia where my elder sister,my younger brother and I grew up. The house is full of 55 years’ memories about my mom and my dad And the thought of leaving it makes her extremely sad.
But what if something happens to her and no one is there to help? What about the hours of loneliness that can’t be alleviated with a phone call? I am lucky that my brothers and sisters and I are in regular communication and we all want to do our part.
We don’t want to decide for her, of course. And we do have options: We could ensure that the house is safe for her, or bring in someone a couple of hours a day to cook a few meals and do light house-keeping. The most important thing is to keep talking about it as family,and to keep mom involved in the discussion.
Whatever we decide, we’ll do it together.Mom sacrifices her whole life for us,and we want to help her age with dignity.
43．What does the author think of the woman of her age? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________
44．Why doesn’t the author’s mother want to leave her house? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________________________________
45．What does the underlined word “alleviated” in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word)
_________________________________________________
46．What makes the author think she is lucky ?(no more than 16 words)
_________________________________________________
47．What inspiration do you get from the passage? Please express it in your own words.(no more than 25 words)
_________________________________________________

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When I was seven years old, I saw my mother making doll clothes. She told me that they were for the poor people, so I never gave it another thought. On Christmas morning when I opened my present, there were those beautiful doll clothes. My mother just smiled and said, “They are for the poor people. We’re poor.”
When I was nine, my greatest desire in life was to own a pogo stick (弹簧高跷). But my mother told me that we simply couldn’t afford one. A few days before Christmas, my parents and I went shopping. While my mother and I were paying the money, my dad came with a long box. I remember wondering at that very moment if it was a pogo stick in that box. After we arrived back at home my dad put the box in the bam. While my parents were away, I shuck out to the barn to find the box. I was so excited and I knew that as soon as I opened that magical box, my bright, shiny pogo stick would appear. No such luck! Inside the box was a silly old broom. And so Christmas morning was disappointing. After all the wrapping paper was cleaned up, my dad came back from the barn with a beautiful pogo stick. I couldn’t believe it, how they were able to get the money for it and how they tricked me with the broom. My parents probably laughed quietly when they played the trick on me and I wondered if they were watching me from the window as I went out to the barn secretly for my Christmas present.
Although we didn’t have much money, my parents gave me the most important gift of all, much love. We had love and we had joy.
48．What present did the author receive on Christmas morning at the age of 7?(no more than 10 words)
________________
49．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
________________
50．Why did the author feel disappointed when the author found a broom in the box?(no more than 15 words)
________________
51．Why did the author’s parents put a broom in the box? (no more than 15 words)
________________
52．What is the best present you’ve received from your parents? Please give your reasons.(no more than 20 words)
________________

阅读表达
On March 19, Malala Yousafzai, a 15-year-old Pakistani student and women’s education activist, returned to the classroom for the first time since being violently attacked by a member of the Taliban — a terrorist organization-on October 9,2012. Malala was shot on her way home from school in Mingora, Pakistan. A Taliban group took responsibility for the attack, claiming that the attack should serve as a warning toothers. Members of the group believe girls are not permitted to go to school. Malala was attacked because she was asking for girls’ rights to education in Swat Valley, Pakistan.
Malala recovers from the attack at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, England. After a long period of recovery, Malala is starting as a nine-year student at Edgbaston High School. It is the oldest independent girl school in Birmingham, England. Though she has no plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country and everywhere.
“I am excited that today I have achieved my dreams of going back to school. I want all girls in the world to have this basic opportunity,” Malala said in a statement. “I miss my classmates from Pakistan very much but I am looking forward to meeting my teachers and making new friends here in Birmingham.”
Malala has been an Internet blogger, or writer, since she was 11 years old. In 2011 she was awarded Pakistan’s National Peace Award for her bravery in writing about difficulties of life and education in the shadow of Taliban. She has spoken publicly about children’s rights and been nominated for an international children’s peace prize.
After the attack in 2012, support for Malala poured in from around the world. The United Nations declared November 10 Malala Day. Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the day honors Malala and shows the world that people of all sexes, all backgrounds and all countries stand behind the heroine.
53．When was Malala violently attacked by Taliban? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________
54．What would Malala do though she couldn’t return to Pakistan?(No more than 12words)
___________________________________________________________
55．Why did The United Nations declare November 10 Malala Day7 (No more than 12 words)
___________________________________________________________
56．What does the underlined words mean? (No more than 3 words)
___________________________________________________________
57．What do you think of Malala? Please share your reasons. (No more than 25 words)
___________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Nobody likes to feel anxious. Anxiety is among the most common and criticized of human emotions. Studies show that over 100 million people in the U.S. will suffer from an anxiety disorder in their lifetime. Rates, especially among the young, have been rising for the past decade. It seems, then, that our efforts to contain anxiety aren’t working.
As a clinical psychologist and neuroscience researcher, I believe that we mental health professionals have made a terrible mistake. Feeling anxious isn’t the problem. The problem is that we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. That’s why it’s increasingly hard to know how to feel good.
This “bad” feeling isn’t a failure of mental health. It’s a triumph of human evolution: the ability to think about the uncertain future and prepare for it. The unpleasant emotion, for example, fear, signals that you may be in danger—from a predator, bully or speeding car—and readies your body and mind to fight or take flight.
Anxiety, by contrast, has nothing to do with present threats. Instead, it turns you into a mental time traveler, drawing your attention to what lies ahead. Will you succeed or fail in that interview for a job you desperately want? Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action. Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.
Research has also shown something that many scientists didn’t expect: higher levels of dopamine (多巴胺) when we’re anxious. We have long known that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable and also in anticipation of rewards. The fact that anxiety also boosts dopamine levels points to its role in making positive possibilities into reality.
Many of us feel overwhelmed by lasting anxiety and don’t see any benefit from it. We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it. But treating anxiety like a disease prevents us from distinguishing between ordinary anxiety and anxiety disorders. We need to develop a new mindset about this misunderstood emotion. Anxiety can’t do its job unless it makes us uncomfortable, forcing us to sit up and pay attention. We don’t need to like anxiety—just to use it in the right way.
58．Why is it increasingly hard for us to know how to feel good?
_____________________________________________________________
59．How does anxiety help one in a job interview?
_____________________________________________________________
60．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious.
_____________________________________________________________
61．How do you cope with anxiety positively in your daily life? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do our food choices affect the environment?
Producing the foods we eat has massive environmental impacts: it requires vast tracts of land and huge quantities of water. In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). These emissions add up: scientists estimate that food production around the world causes up to 30% of all the greenhouse gases people release to the atmosphere each year.
Raising cows and sheep for meat has an especially large environmental footprint with regards to land use, water use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Because of this, we wanted to find out: Would changing peoples’ diets have a significant environmental effect? And if so, which diets are likely to be healthiest for ourselves and for the planet?
We identified 14 diets that scientists have proposed as being more environmentally sustainable: these included vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian(鱼素者，吃鱼不吃肉的半素食主义者), and replacing red meat with pork and chicken, to name a few.
Overall, our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use. The environmental impact from switching to alternative diets varied greatly across the studies—some found changes of 70% less greenhouse gas emissions and land use, while others found only slight reductions or even increases.
The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
Being conscious about both the environmental impacts and healthiness of the foods we eat is an important start. For most of us, following healthy guidelines for a balanced diet would go a long way to improving health and environmental sustainability.
62．What impacts does food production have on the environment?
____________________________________________________________
63．In terms of our daily diet, what can we do to reduce environmental impacts?
____________________________________________________________
64．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat.
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65．Apart from what has been mentioned in the passage, what can we do to make our life more eco-friendly?
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A Pen That Draws in Any Color
The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. Once stored, that color can be used to draw on paper or on a digital screen.
Who can use the Scribble?
Children will love the Scribble because it can create different colors, replacing even their biggest box of crayons(蜡笔). Besides, anyone working with color in their professional lives, such as artists, will be able to scan and reproduce colors instantly.
The Scribble is the best color—Green
One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste.
What’s inside the Scribble?
There will be two different versions of the Scribble, the Scribble INK and the Scribble STYLUS. The INK will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor, 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100,000 colors, a rechargeable battery, Bluetooth 4.0 connectivity, a processor and 5 ink cartridges(盒). The STYLUS is exactly the same as the INK, minus the ink cartridge as it is intended for use on screen.
How did we create the Scribble?
We’ve been in the design process for two years and the Scribble has gone through various design changes to get it to where we are now. Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. We created the Scribble for YOU and want you to be a part of the process!
Thank you for your support
Thank you so much for your concern about the Scribble. Thank you also for your support! Make sure to bookmark our website and check back often to see the progress as well as the updated times for production and delivery of your Scribble.
66．How is the Scribble different from other pens? (不少于5单词)
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67．Who can use the Scribble? (不多于8个单词)
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68．How long have the producers been in the design process? (不多于3个单词)
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69．What’s the main purpose of the passage? (不多于5单词)
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阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Roy Austin first experienced an African adventure in 2018. All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife. Although Roy did realize this dream, he found something even more meaningful in Africa.
Roy spent time in many countries throughout East Africa. He was most interested in the people of rural Kenya, especially people of the Amboseli Primary and Secondary School.
During his stay, Roy became friends with several students and teachers at the school. He was deeply touched by their positive attitude, even though it was hard for them to get books and other school supplies. Even finding basic stationary was a challenge, not to mention the lack of school buildings.
In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents, and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help. Without schools, buildings like libraries and classrooms are just dreams. The students and teachers of the schools very much wanted a library or at least some books to read.
After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International.
Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania. To keep costs down, he uses the post office to send the books instead of a carrier like FedEx. The organization has helped to supply these schools with much-needed books, which brought Roy much happiness. He plans to continue shipping books to Africa.
70．What was the main purpose of Roy’s 2018 trip to Africa? (no more than 5 words.)
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71．Who built school buildings in rural Kenya?(no more than 15 words)
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72．What can the underlined word “yearning” in paragraph 5 be replaced by?(no more than 5 words)
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73．What is the main idea of the passage?(no more than 15 words).
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74．What do you think of Roy? And why?(no more than 25 words).
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阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I had many experiences studying in groups. But the most impressive experience for me was an English singing competition.
Last term, we had to sing an English song in groups in the singing competition. The song our team chose was Try Everything.
Although most of the team members quickly learned the melody (曲调), there were still a few students who couldn’t sing it or were too shy to sing it in public. So, we taught those who couldn’t sing and encouraged those who were very shy. Finally, we sang it really well and got first prize.
From this experience, I realized that studying in groups has a lot of superiority. Everyone has advantages and disadvantages. When we work in teams, we can learn from each other and fill in teaming gaps. Also, it’s easy to give up when studying alone. And with each other’s encouragement,. We’ll be more likely to be able to persist. What’s more, when we discuss in groups, we can learn how to communicate with others and achieve the team goals together.
Just as the saying goes, “Alone we can run faster, but together we can go further?” So, let’s enjoy group study!
75．Which experience made the author feel it memorable in group learning? (no more than 5 words)
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76．How did the team members overcome the difficulties? (no more than 10 words)
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77．What does the underlined word “superiority” refer to? (1 word)
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78．What’s the main idea of the 4th paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
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79．Do you like group learning? And give your recons. (no more than 25 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The Lie We Tell Ourselves About Going to Bed Early
It is nothing new to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30, 000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280, 000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. A lack of sleep, however, lowers happiness by reducing emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset (稀缺心态).
If all of this seems obvious, why don’t we sleep more? Physical conditions, work, stress, and young kids are all common barriers to proper sleep. However, another barrier comes purely from what scholars call “revenge bed time procrastination”, a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority. The writer Sylvia Plath described it nicely: “I wonder why I don’t go to bed and go to sleep. But then it would be tomorrow, so I decide that no matter how tired I am, I can skip one hour more of sleep and live.” Weirdly, we deprive ourselves of sleep to show some sort of independence from—well, ourselves.
Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.
Personal control over our environment— or even the feeling of control—is deeply connected to our emotional balance. Given that sleep is something we can directly control, we may break common-sense rules about getting to bed, because we are unconsciously seeking a better emotional state—until the morning, when the alarm clock fills us with regret.
80．According to the recent study, what are the benefits of adequate sleep?
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81．What is “revenge bed time procrastination”?
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82．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
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阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Dear Tom,
I’m writing to you from a small town in South America. I’m involved in a volunteer program here. At an orphanage I’m working with the children of all ages, from small babies of just a few months old, to older children up to the age of about 14. I play with the babies, feed them, bathe them, and generally take care of them. As to the older children I teach them colouring, painting and do art and craft activities with them.
One of the most rewarding things about this experience is being a small part of the children’s lives. I have had the most amazing experiences here, including helping one of the babies learn to walk. She was only crawling when I first arrived and now she can walk by herself. I will never forget the day when she called me “mama”. I was surprised because she was attached to me so quickly.
Every day is a new experience. Every day brings more smiles and teaches me so much about myself as well as the children. The children’s happy faces will stay with me forever.
I would describe my overall experience as absolutely amazing. I really love everything about the programme. It has given me the best experience that I can never get anywhere else. In two years time I hope to do another volunteer work at a center here for people who have HIV/AIDS. Together with other volunteers I hope to share our common love with them.
How are you getting on recently? Do you have any interest in doing some volunteer work? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Joan
83．What does Joan do for the older children at an orphanage? (no more than 15 words)
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84．What was one of the most rewarding things about Joan’s volunteer experience according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
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85．What does the underlined words “was attached to” mean in English? (no more than 3 words)
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86．How does Joan like his volunteer experience? (no more than 10words)
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87．If you were Tom, would you agree with Joan’s invitation, and why?
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Good Taste of Knowledge
The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge.
Nothing is more annoying than to meet a person at a party whose mind is crammed (填塞) full with historical dates and figures and who is extremely well-posted on current international affairs, but whose attitudes or points of view are all wrong. I have met such people. They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between their scholarship (学术成就), conduct and taste..
An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power.
When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven't.
Taste, then. is closely associated with courage. as the Chinese always associated dan (“胆”) with shi (“识”) And courage or independence of judgment, as we know, is such a rare virtue among humankind. We see this intellectual courage or independence during the childhood of all thinkers and writers who in later life amount to anything. Such a person refuses to be impressed by a philosophic vogue or a fashionable theory, even though it is backed by the greatest name. this is taste in knowledge.
No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish. nave confidence in oneself, but this self is the only thing that one can cling to. and the moment a student gives up-his right of personal judgment, he is m for accepting all the dishonest and insincere of life.
88．According to the author, what is the goal of education?
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89．Why is a well-read man not necessarily an educated one?
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90．Please decide which part is false in the following statement: Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself; then underline it and explain why Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.
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91．Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so. (In about 40 words)
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阅读表达
Junior Alvarado, a high school student in the Washington Leadership Academy, often struggled in his math classes and earned poor grades. The teachers at the Washington Leadership Academy used computer programs to identify the areas he was weak in and design a learning plan just for him.
“They explain the problem step by step. It wouldn’t be as fast, but at your speed,” said the 15—year—old, “Now I feel better about my math skills.”
The use of technology in schools is part of a larger idea of personalized learning. This idea has been gaining in popularity in recent years. Personalized learning is away of teaching centering around the interests and needs of individual students instead of entire classes as a whole. It includes flexible learning environments and specially—designed education plans. Students can decide what and how they learn. In that way, they are able to master subjects at their own speed.
Joseph Webb, headmaster of the Washington Leadership Academy, says the digital tools help teachers identify problems students are facing before they become too serious. “We can solve them right then and there; we don’t have to wait for the problems to come to us,” he said.
Still, many researchers say it is too early to tell if personalized learning works better than traditional teaching. A recent study found that personalized learning only led to small improvements. It found only a 3—percent improvement in math and even smaller improvements in reading compared to traditional teaching methods. In addition, experts in children’s health warn that the overuse of technology can damage face—to—face relationships and young people’s interest in physical activity.
Some teachers have their doubts as well. Marla Kilfoyle, a teacher in a public high school, admits that technology can be helpful in the classroom in many ways. But she argues that no computer program should ever replace the personal touch, support and inspiration teachers give their students.
92．How did teachers help Junior Alvarado to improve his math grades? (no more than 15 words)
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93．According to the passage，what is personalized learning? (no more than 13 words)
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94．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to? (no more than 1 word)
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95．Why do Marla Kilfoyle believe computer programs will never replace teachers? (no more than 10 words)
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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are getting more and more stressed and we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But learning to live with a certain amount of stress is of great significance while relaxation is completely necessary for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties.
When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we make choice between “flight” and “fight” and in more primitive days, the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises(危机) we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme. But however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since serious condition as high blood pressure and heart disease have formed links with stress.
Since we can’t remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it to keep our mind and body healthy.
96．Why are people finding less and less time for relaxing themselves?(No more than 10 words)
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97．What does the underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 3 mean? (No more than 3words)
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98．According to the writer, what is the most important character for a good manager? (No more than 10 words)
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99．What does the writer say about continued exposure to stress according to Paragraph 4? (No more than 10 words)
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100．What is the right attitude toward stress in your opinion and why? (No more than 25 words)
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阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors suggest we all cut down on.
“It seems like every time I study an illness and search for the first cause, I find my way back to sugar,” says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes (糖尿病). Why? “Sugar, we believe is one of the culprits, if not the major reason,” says Johnson.
Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the solution? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals (谷物) to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.
But there are those who are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit. Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities (设施) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.
101．What is one of the reasons for high blood pressure?
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102．Why did our bodies learn to store sugar as fat?
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103．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
—The sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good, so we should eat more in daily life.
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104．In your daily life, how do you fight against sugar? (In about 40 words)
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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。
In be United States the most popular form of folk dancing has been square-dancing since the earlier days. In those days, men and women worked in groups to build a house or harvest crops. When the work was done, they usually danced merrily and happily in a store or in a farm kitchen.
Nowadays square-dancing is still performed. A square, which has four sides, is formed by four couples. Each couple stands on one side of the square, the man on the left and the woman on the right. That is to say, one square has eight people and they stand facing the center of the square.
Large or small numbers of people can dance together. Sometimes as many as 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing all at the same time.
Costumes are worn by those who do the square-dancing. This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. Men may have colored shirts and western trousers they wear only on special days. Women often wear full skirts of different colors with a pretty blouse. In some country areas, everyone wears their best clothes.
Today in all parts of the US you will find some schools, clubs, or other groups that are square-dancing for fun. They enjoy it very much.
105．In the earlier days, when did people do square-dancing? (No more than 6 words)
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106．How many people are square-dancing if there is one square? (One word)
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107．What does the underlined word “costumes” mean in Paragraph 4? (No more than 8 words)
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108．What do people in some country areas wear in square-dancing? (No more than 6 words)
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109．How do people of the US like square-dancing today? (No more than 6 words)
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阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。
Everybody gets sad from time to time. If you want to know how to cheer someone up, here are some easy steps to help you.
Listen to them. Usually, sad people aren’t really looking for an answer. They just want to be heard and have a chance to express their feelings. Do you know why they’re sad? Pull up a chair, offer a smile, and give them a shoulder to cry on.
After listening, give them advice if they ask for it. After figuring out just what the problem is, tell them you have an idea to help them out. If you don’t, be honest to yourself and them. Take them to a person who has a better fix for the problem than you have.
Give them a gift. Can you remember a time when someone gave you a gift without a duty to do so? How did you feel inside when it happened? Giving a gift to someone can brighten their whole day.
Make them laugh. Jokes and funny stories are always good ice-breakers after you’ve talked about a problem for a long time. Don’t be afraid to make fun of yourself. Your friend will appreciate the humor.
Change their environment. More often than not, our surroundings determine our moods. If you need to get someone out of his sadness, get them out! Having a different set of environment will encourage new and better ways of thinking.
110．What’s the passage mainly about? (no more than 10 words)
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111．What do sad people really need? (no more than 15 words)
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112．What should you do if you have no idea how to help out a sad person? (no more than 12 words)
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113．Why does the author advise to change the sad people’s environment? (no more than 10 words)
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114．Which step do you think is the most useful? Please explain, (no more than 20 words)
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