2023年中考英语语法专题突破形容词副词
展开中考语法专题突破--形容词和副词
命题点1 形容词词义辨析
考向1 形容词的语境辨析
考向2 易混形容词辨析
1.some&any
2.many&much
3.-ing形容词和-ed形容词
-ing形容词 | -ed形容词 |
surprising | surprised |
interesting | interested |
exciting | excited |
pleasing | pleased |
frightening | frightened |
moving | moved |
tiring | tired |
fascinating | fascinated |
4.a little,little,few,a few
5.too much.too many,much too
考向3 形容词与enough、代词的位置关系
考向4 形容词的固定搭配与短语辨析
1.of
be full of 充满... be proud of 以...为傲 be afraid of 害怕... be sure of 对...有把握 be tired of 对...厌倦
2.in
be interested in 对...感兴趣 be weak in 在...方面薄弱 be rich in 富于，盛产 be successful in 在..方面成功
3.with
be angry with 生...的气 be busy with 忙于... be filled with 充满 be satisfied with 对...感到满意
be patient with 对...有耐心 be happy with 因..而开心 be popular with 受...欢迎 be strict with 对某人严格
4.about
be sure about 对...有把握 be crazy about 热衷于 be worried about 对...担忧 be sorry about 对...遗憾
be strict about sth. 对某事严格要求
命题点2 副词词义辨析
考向1 副词的语境辨析
考向2 频度副词辨析
（1）常见的频度副词
频度副词 | 词义 | 频度副词 | 词义 |
twice | 两次 | sometimes | 有时 |
daily | 天天，日复一日地 | ever | 曾经 |
always | 总是 | not...any more/longer | 不再 |
every day | 每天 | again and again | 一次又一次 |
every week | 每周 | at times | 有时，间或 |
every month | 每月 | now and then | 偶尔 |
weekly | 每周地 | never | 从不 |
usually | 通常地 | often | 经常，常常 |
（2）频度副词的位置
a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，如:He is always kind to us. He can never come here.
b.在实义动词之前，如：He often goes to school early.
考向3 其他副词词义辨析
（1）时间副词：一般放在句尾。
时间副词 | 词义 | 时间副词 | 词义 |
now | 现在 | soon | 很快 |
then | 那时 | since | 自从 |
today | 今天 | yet | 仍然，还 |
tomorrow | 明天 | yesterday | 昨天 |
before | 以前 | already | 已经 |
ago | 以前 | recently | 最近 |
early | 早 | finally | 最终 |
late | 晚，迟 | just now | 刚才 |
immediately | 立即，立刻 | right now | 立刻 |
（2）地点副词：一般放在句尾。
地点副词 | 词义 | 地点副词 | 词义 |
here | 这儿 | upstairs | 楼上 |
there | 那儿 | downstairs | 楼下 |
left | 左边 | above | 在上面 |
right | 右边 | behind | 后面 |
north | 北边 | everywhere | 每个地方 |
south | 南边 | anywhere | 任何地方 |
east | 东边 | over there | 在那里 |
west | 西边 | here and there | 到处，处处 |
（3）程度副词：放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后（enough）修饰形容词或副词时需后置。
程度副词 | 词义 | 程度副词 | 词义 |
quite | 相当 | a little | 一点儿，一些 |
rather | 相当，有点儿 | a bit | 少量 |
very | 非常 | enough | 足够 |
too | 太 | so | 这样，这么 |
much | 许多 | hardly | 几乎不 |
a lot | 许多 | almost | 几乎 |
命题点3 形容词和副词的混合辨析
1.常见的形容词与副词混合辨析
形容词 | 词义 | 副词 | 词义 |
good | 好的 | well | 好地 |
happy | 开心的 | happily | 开心地 |
careful | 仔细的 | carefully | 仔细地 |
proud | 自豪的 | proudly | 自豪地 |
quick | 快的 | quickly | 快地 |
clear | 清楚的 | clearly | 清楚地 |
angry | 生气的 | angrily | 生气地 |
quiet | 安静的 | quietly | 安静地 |
heavy | 重的 | heavily | 严重地 |
simple | 简单的 | simply | 简单地 |
命题点4 形容词和副词的比较等级
考向1 比较等级的变化规则
▲规则变化
类别 | 构成方法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
单音节词和少数双音节词 | 直接加-er，-est | young | younger | youngest |
以不发音的e结尾，加-r,-st | nice | nicer | nicest | |
以重读闭音节（辅元辅）结尾 | big | bigger | biggest | |
fat | fatter | fattest | ||
hot | hotter | hottest | ||
以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，加-er/est | happy | happier | happiest | |
heavy | heavier | heaviest | ||
多音节词和部分双音节词 | 有些双音节词和多音节词，在词前加more/ (the) most | important | more important | the most important |
careful | more careful | the most careful |
▲不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
bad/badly | worse | worst |
many/much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far 距离 | farther | farthest |
far程度 | further | further |
old年龄 | older | oldest |
old辈份 | elder | eldest |
考向2 比较等级的常考句型
级别 | 比较程度 | 表达方式和意义 | 例句 |
原级 | 肯定 | as+原级+as(像...一样) | He is as tall as his brother. |
否定 | not+so(as)+原级+as(不如...那样) | She does not study so well as I do. | |
比较级 | 不同程度的比较 | 比较级+than+... | Jim is older than Luke. |
the+比较级+of+the two+其他 | Xiaoming is the taller of the two boys. | ||
特殊疑问词+be+比较级，A or B? | Which ball is bigger,the blue one or the red one? | ||
程度加深 | 比较级+and+比较级 | He is growing taller and taller. | |
The+比较级，the+比较级 | The more books she reads,the better she will understand. | ||
最高级 | 最高程度（用于三者或以上） | the+最高级+可数名词单数+of/in/among... | Tom is the tallest student in his class. |
one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+of/in/among... | Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China. | ||
the+序数词+最高级+可数名词单数+（in范围） | She is the second tallest girl in our class. | ||
特殊疑问词+（the）+最高级，A,B or C? | Which season do you like best,spring,summer or autumn? | ||
特殊 | 比较级形式表最高级的含义 | 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 | He is taller than any other boy in his class. =He is the tallest boy in his class. |
命题点5 形容词和副词填空
形容词--副词
构成 | 例词 |
与形容词同形 | low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,just,well,enough,long,high |
形容词后直接加-ly | sad-sadly,polite-politely;real-really;quick-quickly;slow-slowly;safe-safely |
辅音字母加y结尾，把y--ily | happy-happily,angry-angrily;heavy-heavily;easy-easily |
辅音字母加y结尾，le--ly | simple-simply;terrible-terribly;possible-possibly;gentle-gently |
少数以e结尾 | true-truly |
▲形容词--名词
构成 | 例词 |
形容词+ness | happy-happiness kind-kindness |
形容词+ty/ity/y | Difficult-difficulty safe-safety |
形容词（以t结尾的）+ce | confident--confidence patient-patience |
其他 | foreign-foreigner true-truth |
▲反义词
1.形容词后加前缀un-
able-unable friendly-unfriendly happy-unhappy usual-unusual lucky-unlucky healthy-unhealthy
2.形容词加前缀im-
patient-impatient possible-impossible polite--impolitely
