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高中英语高考解密08 情态动词和虚拟语气（学生版） -2021年高考英语高频考点解密
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这是一份高中英语高考解密08 情态动词和虚拟语气（学生版） -2021年高考英语高频考点解密，共28页。
解密08情态动词和虚拟语气
考点详解
【考纲解读】
1. 考生应掌握can, culd, may, might, must, will, wuld, shall, shuld, ught t, need, dare, be able t, used t等情态动词的基本用法。
2. 考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。
【命题趋势】
情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查某种时态的某个形式。
考向1 情态动词
一、 can, culd 与 be able t
1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
☞Can yu lift this heavy bx?（体力）
☞Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
☞Can yu skate?（技能） 此时可用be able t代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able t则有更多的时态。
☞I’ll nt be able t cme this afternn.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able t，不能用can。如：
☞He was able t g t the party yesterday evening in spite f the heavy rain.
2. 表示请求和允许。
☞——Can I g nw?
——Yes, yu can. / N, yu can’t. 此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用culd, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
☞——Culd I cme t see yu tmrrw?
—— Yes, yu can. ( N, I’m afraid nt. )
3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
☞They’ve changed the timetable, s we can g by bus instead. This hall can hld 500 peple at least.
4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
☞Can this be true?
☞This can’t be dne by him. Hw can this be true?
1. (2020·天津卷·单项填空)Jim says we ______ stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. mustB. canC. needD. shuld
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. shuld应该。根据后面的“as lng as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
(2018·北京卷·单项填空) In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data _________ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
A. need B. shuld C. can D. must
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；shuld应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
3. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, ________ easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
A. must B. shuld
C. can D. need
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够”。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。
二、 may, might
1. 表示请求和允许。
might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 ☞——Might/ May I smke in this rm?
——N, yu mustn’t.
☞——May/Might I take this bk ut f the rm?
——Yes, yu can. (N, yu can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
☞May yu succeed!
Yu feel all the training a waste f time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later yu’ll be grateful yu did it.
A. shuld B. need
C. shall D. may
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。shuld应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
三、 must, have t
1. 表示必须、必要
☞Yu must cme in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, dn’t have t（不必）。
☞——Must we hand in ur exercise bks tday?
——Yes, yu must. /N, yu dn’t have t / yu needn’t.
2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have t则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时， have t 有更多的时态形式。
☞I really must g nw.
☞I had t wrk when I was yur age.
3. must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
☞Yu’re Tm’s gd friend, s yu must knw what he likes best.
☞Yur mther must be waiting fr yu nw.
1.—Can’t yu stay a little lnger?
—It’s getting late. I really _________g nw, My daughter is hme alne.
A .may B .can
C . must D .dare
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许； can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
2. Yu __________be careful with the camera. It csts!
A .must B. may
C. can D. will
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it csts可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。
四、 dare, need
1. dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
☞Hw dare yu say I’m unfair?
☞He daren’t speak English befre such a crwd, dare he?
☞If we dared nt g there that day，we culdn’t get the beautiful flwers.
2. need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have t, ught t, shuld代替。 ☞Yu needn’t cme s early.
☞—Need I finish the wrk tday?
—Yes, yu must. / N, yu needn’t.
注意：
dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句
中，dare后面常接带t的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可
接带t或不带t的不定式。而need后面只能接带t的不定式。
☞I dare t swim acrss this river.
☞He desn’t dare (t) answer.
☞He needs t finish his hmewrk tday.
五、 shall, shuld
1. shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
☞What shall we d this evening?
2. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
☞Yu shall fail if yu dn’t wrk hard.(警告)
☞He shall have the bk when I finish it.(允诺)
☞He shall be punished.(威胁)
3．shuld表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
☞Yu shuld be strict with yurself as an fficer.
作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。
六、 will, wuld
1. 表示请求、建议等，wuld更委婉。
☞Will / Wuld yu pass me the ball, please?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。
☞I will never d that again.
☞They asked him if he wuld g abrad.
3. wuld表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。wuld表示过去习惯时比used t正式，且没有“现已无此习
惯”的含义。
☞During the vacatin, he wuld visit me every ther day.
☞The wund wuld nt heal.
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ______ use mbile phnes in the class. A. shuld they B. they shuld C. dare they D. they dare
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查特殊句式和情态动词。句意： 教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上绝不要使用手机。在that 引导的宾语从句中，表否定意义的介词短语n n accunt 位于句首，后面的主、谓需要用部分倒装结构，故排除B项和D项；根据句意可知此处应该用情态动词shuld，故选A。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错) As kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t them, my parents wuld nt t let me.
【参考答案】删除let前的t
【答案解析】wuld后跟动词原形，故把t删除。
七、 shuld, ught t
1. shuld, ught t表示“应该”，ught t表示义务或责任，比shuld语气重。
☞I shuld help her because she is in truble.
☞Yu ught t take care f the baby.
2. 表示劝告、建议和命令。shuld, ught t可通用，但在疑问句中常用shuld。
☞Yu shuld / ught t g t class right away.
☞Shuld I pen the windw?
3. 表示推测 shuld , ught t (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
☞He must be hme by nw. (断定他已到家)
☞He ught t/shuld be hme by nw.(不太肯定)
☞This is where the il must be.(直爽)
☞This is where the il ught t/shuld be.(含蓄)
考向2 情态动词+have dne
1.＂must have dne＂
☞表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
☞It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
☞Yu must have been mad t speak t the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
2.＂can’t have dne＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
☞Mr Smith can’t have gne t Beijing, fr I saw him in the library just nw.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
☞Mary can’t have stlen yur mney. She has gne hme.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
3.＂can have dne＂
☞表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
☞There is n light in the rm. Can they have gne ut?
屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
☞There is nwhere t find them. Where can they have gne?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
4.＂culd have dne＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
☞He culd have passed the exam, but he was t careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may have dne＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
☞—What has happened t Gerge? 乔治发生了什么事？
—I dn’t knw. He may have gt lst. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。
6.＂might have dne＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
☞She might have achieved greater prgress, if yu had given her mre chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
7.＂wuld have dne＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
☞I wuld have tld yu all abut the by’s stry, but yu didn’t ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
8.＂shuld have dne＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shuldn’t+have+dne＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
☞Tm, yu are t lazy. The wrk shuld have been finished yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
☞Lk, Tm is crying. I shuldn’t have been s harsh n him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
9.＂ught t have dne＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂shuld have dne＂用法基本一样。
☞I ught t have gne hme last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
☞Yu ught nt t have given him mre help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
10.＂need have dne＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have dne＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
☞I needn’t have bught s much wine — nly five peple came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
☞He need have hurried t the statin. In that case, he wuldn’t have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
—Srry, Mum! I failed the jb interview again.
—Oh, it’s t bad. Yu _____________ have made full preparatins.
A. mustB. can
C. wuldD. shuld
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查情态动词+have dne结构。句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.wuld将会；D.shuld应该。can have dne＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂；culd have dne表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must have dne＂表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句；shuld have dne＂的意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做。故选D。
难点剖析
情态动词表猜测的用法：
一、can / culd用于表推测的用法
(1) 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而culd 可用于肯定句、否定
句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是culd 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。如：
☞It can’t [culdn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。
☞What can [culd] they be ding? 他们会在干什么呢?
☞We culd g there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：
☞Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
☞She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be ding 结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
☞He culd have gne hme. 他可能已经回家了。
☞He can’t [culdn’t] have understd. 他不可能理解了。
☞Why des he knw this? Can [Culd] smene have tld him abut it?
他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
(3) “culd+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如：
☞I culd have lent yu the mney．Why didn’t yu ask me?
我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?
②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如：
☞Yu culd have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。
③表示“差点儿就要”。如：
☞I culd have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。
二、 may / might用于表推测的用法
表示推测，两者都可用，只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
(1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑
问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他
句式（如用culd等）。如：
☞He may [might] knw the answer. 他可能知道答案。
☞He may [might] nt believe yu. 他可能不会相信你。
☞And wh may [might] she be? 那么她会是哪一位呢？
(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be ding 结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
☞He may [might] tell his wife. 他也许会告诉他妻子。
☞He may [might] be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。
☞She may [might] have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。
(3)“might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
① 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：
☞It was really very dangerus. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。
☞A lt f men died wh might have been saved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
② 表示委婉的批评或责备。如：
☞Yu might have made greater prgress. 你的进步本来可更大一些的。
☞Yu might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
三、must表示推测的用法
must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：
☞I must be the happiest wman n earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。
☞N, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒谎
☞He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定误会了我的意思。
考向3 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
☞If he has time, he wil cme. 如果他有时间，他会来的。
☞He wn’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
☞If he had time nw，he wuld(culd，might)g with yu.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
☞If yu had cme a few minutes earlier，yu wuld(culd，might) have met the famus singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
☞If it were t snw this evening，they wuld nt g ut.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将shuld，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
☞Had I wrked harder，I wuld have succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
☞Were she my daughter(Shuld she be my daughter)，I wuldn't allw her t study abrad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
☞If she had fllwed the dctr's wrds，she wuld feel better nw.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如withut...，连词but fr，therwise，r等中。
☞Withut music(＝If there were n music)，the wrld wuld be dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
☞I'm really very busy，therwise I wuld certainly g there with yu.(therwise＝if I were nt s busy)
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂wuld/ shuld/culd/might + 动词原形＂。
☞I wish I were ten years yunger nw. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。
☞I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。
☞I wish I wuld be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。
(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)28. If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. wn’t beB. wuldn’t have beenC. wuldn’t beD. shuldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用wuld/culd/might/shuld+d。故选C。
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______ a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
A. had B. will have
C. wuld have had D. have had
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂shuld + 动词原形＂，shuld可省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest，recmmend， insist， rder， require， advise， demand， cmmand， ask， request，prpse等。
☞He suggested that we (shuld) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。
☞The dctr advised that he (shuld) change his jb. 医生劝他换工作。
1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
A. wuld B. shuld
C. culd D. might
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is imprtant/necessary/strange/impssible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“shuld+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的shuld可以省略。故选B。
2.（2016·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
【参考答案】删除can或can改为shuld
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议讲的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气＂（shuld+）动词原形＂，所以本句可以删除can或can改为shuld。
3. 在wuld rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
☞I wuld rather yu tld me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。
☞I wuld rather yu had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。
4．在＂It is (abut/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂shuld＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意shuld不可省略。
☞It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
5．as if，as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
☞They talked and talked as if they wuld never meet again.
他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。
6．if nly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
☞Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice！
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ______the task in half the time.
Accmplished B. had accmplished C. wuld accmplish D. wuld have accmplished
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。工人没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半时间就能完成任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需要wuld/culd/might/shuld have dne的形式，故选D项。
1.（2017•江苏卷） _______ nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/shuld/had提前，即Were /Shuld/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该学生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
2.（2017•天津卷） —D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able t reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wuldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wuldn’t be
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词therwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phne number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wuldn't have dne表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
难点剖析
错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
☞If yu had fllwed the dctr’s advice，yu wuld be better nw.
如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. wuld catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
2.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A. had nt beenB. shuld nt be
C. were nt t be D. shuld nt have been
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
3. (2015·天津)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
A. will be B. wuld be C. have been D. had been
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
检测训练
题组一 基础过关
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．I wish that I______________(g) with yu t see the film last night.
2．Withut electricity，ur life____________(be) quite different tday.
3．I am a pr man nw. If I________(have) mney，I______________(buy) a large huse.
4．If she had been mre careful，she____________________(nt make) these mistakes in the exam.
5．I think peple__________________(believe) my stry if I were nt s yung.
6．The man insisted that he____________(d) his best and________________(nt blame) fr the failure.
7．But fr the rain，we____________(have) a pleasant jurney the ther day.
8．If I ________(am) yu，I wuld give that patient a hug.
9．It is raining s heavily. If the rain____________________(stp) this afternn，we culd g ut fr a walk.
10．All the dctrs in the hspital insisted that he__________(be) badly wunded and that he___________(perate)
n at nce.
11．Hw I wish every family________(have) a large huse with a beautiful garden.
12．If everyne in the cuntry________(knw) first aid，many lives wuld be saved.
13．Tm wishes that he ______________(study) business instead f histry when he was in university.
14．—Jhn went t the hspital alne.
—If he________________(tell) me abut it，I wuld have gne with him.
15．My father was strict. He requested that I__________________(nt watch) televisin n this week nights.
Ⅱ. 用适当的情态动词填空
1. Can yu help me? I _________ never understand this.
2. ___________ yu tell me what time it is, please?
3. Henry ________ walk when he was ne year ld.
4. We are ging fr a walk. _________ yu like t jin us?
5. Tm, yu ___________ leave yur clthes n the flr like this.
6. The rad is wet. It __________ have rained last night.
7. He has waited utside fr half an hur. ___________ he cme in?
8. These flwers have died. Yu _____________ have watered them.
9. __________ she be ten years ld next mnth?
10. I ___________ have hurt yur feelings but it was nt my intentin.
题组二 真题在线
1.(2017·天津) My rm is a mess, but I ________clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
A. daren't B. shuldn't
C. needn't D. mustn't
2. (2016·天津) It was really annying; I ________ get access t the data bank yu had recmmended.
A. wuldn’t B. culdn’t
C. shuldn’t D. needn’t
3.(2016·浙江)Gerge _________ t far . His cffee is still warm .
A. must have gne B. might have gne
C. can’t have gne D. needn’t have gne
4.（2015 • 重庆）Yu _________ be Carl. Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can
C. will D. shall
5. (2017·天津)—D yu have Betty's phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able t reach her yesterday.
A. hadn't been B. wuldn't have been
C. weren't D. wuldn't be
6.(2016·浙江)Had the gvernments and scientists nt wrked tgether , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had nt fallen B. wuld nt fall
C. did nt fall D. wuld nt have fallen
7.(2016·北京)Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu ________ me, I culd have helped.
A. tld B. had tld
C. were t tell D. wuld tell
8. (2015·安徽)It is lucky we bked a rm, r we ______nwhere t stay nw.
A. hadB. had had
C. wuld haveD. wuld have had
题组三 名校模拟
I. 单项填空
1. Lucas failed his driving test again. ________ harder, he ________the test nw.
A. If he practiced; wuld pass
B. Had he practiced; wuld pass
C. Did he fllw; wuld have passed
D. Shuld he practice; wuld have passed
2. If we________ a table in advance, we wuldn't be standing here in the lng queue.
A. reserveB. reserved
C. have reservedD. had reserved
3. Instead f making chices fr their children, liberal parents usually say, “G where yu ________ .”
A. willB. shuld
C. canD.must
4. All the dctrs in the hspital insisted that he ____ badly wunded and that he ____ at nce.
A. shuld be; be perated n
B. were; must be perated n
C. be; was perated n
D. was; be perated n
5. — My sister is very upset tday.
— It’s yur fault. Yu ________ the bad news t her yesterday.
A. shuld tellB. shuld have tld
C. shuldn’t have tldD. must tell
6. —It’s just t difficult. I’ve tried several times but still cannt wrk it ut.
—Yu _______a wrng apprach. Adpt a new way and see what wuld happen.
A. shuld have takenB. needn’t have taken
C. must have takenD. can’t have taken
7. Faced with the phenmenn that actrs and actresses catch public attentin, many peple insisted that it _____
wrng and mre _______ shuld be given t thse devted scientists.
A. was; creditB.be; hnur
C. shuld be; appreciatinD.is; recgnitin
8. If yu ______ the Minister f Educatin, which subject wuld yu rather have _______ frm the Cllege
Entrance Examinatin?
A. are; includedB. had been; been excluded
C. were t; includeD. were; remved
9. Judging frm her expressin, she the news that Charlie had returned frm Britain.
A. shuldn’t have knwnB. can’t have knwn
C. mustn’t have knwnD. needn’t have knwn
10. —Is Mike cming t this party?
—He shuld but he nt. Because he has a lt f wrk t d tnight.
A. mustB. need
C. mayD. wuld
II. 语法填空
The distance between ancient Rme and ancient China was abut 4,000 miles by land. It was a very 1 (danger) trip with deserts and muntains. The Silk Rad was a nickname fr any rute 2 any trader tk frm China t Rme.
Fr a very lng time, the ancient Rmans did nt knw wh was making the wnderful clth 3 (call) silk. They tried t find the traders as they came int villages t trade ther gds fr silk, but the traders 4 (hide) frm the Rmans. Therefre, they had t trade fr 5 themselves. The trading alng the Silk Rad was a relay system. One trader wuld travel 6 a while, stp and trade, and return hme. The next trader wuld cntinue. And s it went. But 7 (actual) n trader made the whle trip. It was t risky.
As the years went by, a civilizatin f srts grew up alng the Silk Rad. Temples appeared. There were even 8 (city) built n the rare asis (绿洲). It was never easy 9 (travel) by land frm China t Rme, but it was wrth it. Rmans traded gld fr China’s silk and spices. But 10 (many) things traveled the Silk Rad than traders and gds. Ideas that changed the wrld traveled alng the Silk Rad as well.
虚拟语气专项练习50题
1．--- I’m srry. I _______ at yu the ther day.
--- Frget it. I was a bit ut f cntrl myself.
A. shuldn’t shut
B. shuldn’t have shuted
C. mustn’t shut
D. mustn’t have shuted
2 Thank yu fr all y ur hard wrk last week. I dn’t think we ____ it withut yu.
A. can manage
B. culd have managed
C. culd manage
D. can have managed
3. ____ he had nt hurt his leg, Jhn wuld have wn the race.
A. If
B. Since
C. Thugh
D. When
4 --- If the traffic hadn’t been s heavy, I culd have been back by 6 ’clck.
--- What a pity! Tina ____here t see yu.
A. is
B. was
C. wuld be
D. has been
5 I was really anxius abut yu. Yu ____hme withut a wrd.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shuldn’t have left
C. culdn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
6 He suggested that the persn ____t be punished.
A. refers
B. refer
C. shuld refer
D. referred
7 --- D yu think the thief entered the rm thrugh the back dr?
--- N, if he had, I dn’t believe he ____the living-rm windw.
A. wuld break
B. brke
C. wuld have brken
D. breaks
8 Withut electricity, human life ____quite different tday.
A. is
B. will be
C. wuld have been
D. wuld be
9 --- ____he cme t see yu as he prmised?
--- Of curse, please, and I’d rather he ____ me the truth.
A. Will; infrmed
B. Shall; tld
C. Shuld; will tell
D. Can; tell
10 --- He lks very ht and dry.
--- S ____ if yu had a temperature f 39.
A. wuld yu
B. will yu
C. wuld yu have been
D. d yu
11 I frget where I read the article, r I ________ it t yu nw.
A. will shw
B. wuld shw
C. am ging t shw
D. am shwing
12. “It lks as if he were drunk.” “S it des. _________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shuldn’t have drunk s much
C. Health is mre imprtant than drink
D. I wnder why he is always ding s
13. “Mary lks ht and dry” “S _________ yu if yu had s high a fever.”
A. d
B. are
C. will
D. wuld
14. “He will cme tmrrw.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tmrrw.”
A. will cme
B. is cming
C. came
D. had cme
15. All the dctrs in the hspital insisted that he ________ badly wunded and that he ________ at nce.
A. shuld be; be perated n
B. were; must be perated n
C. was; shuld be perated
D. was; be perated n
16. _________ smking, he wuld nt have gt cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up
B. Had he given up
C. Did he give
D. If he gave up
17. What a pity! Cnsidering his ability and experience, he ____ better。
A. need have dne
B. must have dne
C. can have dne
D. might have dne
18. I t g fr a walk, but smene called and I culdn’t get way。
A. was planning
B. had planned
C. planned
D. wuld plan
19. I wuld like _______ yu t my birthday party, but I was busy and frgt t call yu。
A. t invite
B. inviting
C. t have invited
D. having invited
20. Had Paul received six mre vtes in the last electin, he ______ ur chairman nw.
A. must have been
B. wuld have been
C. were
D. wuld be
21. ______ the English examinatin I wuld have gne t the cncert last Sunday.
A. In spite f
B. But fr
C. Because f
D. As fr
22．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, s it seems as if the sun ________rund the earth.
A. were circling
B. circles
C. is circling
D. be circling
23．Had he wrked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have gt thrugh
B. wuld have gt thrugh
C. wuld get thrugh
D. culd get thrugh
24．I'd rather yu _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea f yur being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. wuld g
B. shuld g
C. went
D. had gne
25．_____ fr the timely investment frm the general public, ur cmpany wuld nt be s thriving as it is.
A. Had it nt been
B. Were it nt
C. Be it nt
D. Shuld it nt be
26. We are all fr yur prpsal that discussin _____.
A. be put ff
B. was put ff
C. shuld put ff
D. is t put ff
27. Lk at the terrible situatin I am in! If nly I ____ yur advice.
A. fllw
B. had fllwed
C. wuld fllw
D. have fllwed
28. Withut electrnic cmputers, much f tday’s advanced technlgy ______ .
A. will nt have been achieved
B. have nt been achieved
C. wuld nt have been achieved
D. had nt been achieved
29. When Edisn died, it was prpsed that the American peple _______ all pwer in their hmes, streets, and factries fr several minutes in hnur f this great man.
A. turn ff
B. turned ff
C. wuld turn ff
D. had turned ff
30. There is a real pssibility that these animals culd be frightened, _______a sudden lud nise.
A. being there
B. shuld there be
C. there was
D. there having been
31. Lking rund the twn, he felt as thugh he ______ away fr ages.
A. has been
B. was
C. is
D. had been
32. Jean desn't want t wrk right away because she thinks that if she ______ a jb she prbably wuldn't be able t see her friends very ften.
A. has t get
B. had gt
C. were t get
D. culd have gt
33.____ yu knwn the truth, yu shuld have tld him .
A. Have
B. Had
C. Having
D. If
34. It’s high time yu ______.
A. start t wrk
B. wuld start t wrk
C. started t wrk
D. had started t wrk
35. Bb wuld have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy
B. is busy
C. had been busy.
D. will be busy
36. Jhn went t the hspital alne. If he me abut it, I wuld have gne with him.
A. shuld tell
B. tells
C. tld
D. had tld
37. If we ___ the ther rad, we might have arrived here in time fr the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. tk
D. have taken
38. --The weather has been very ht and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drp, things wuld be much better nw! And my vegetables.
A. wuldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wuldn't have died
39. Had I knwn abut this cmputer prgram, a huge amunt f time and energy______ .
A．wuld have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
40.---Srry, Prfessr Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, yu have dne it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. shuld
D. shuldn't
41. _____ the sun, nthing n earth culd live.
A. Were it nt t B. If it were nt t
C. If it had nt been fr D. If it were nt fr
42. If he _____, give him the message.
A. were cming B. wuld cme C. shuld cme D. were cme
43. Were I t mve t a freign cuntry, I _____ away all my furniture in my huse here.
A. wuld give B. shall give C. gave D. will give
44. I wuld g t the cncert but I _____ n time.
A. had B. had had C. have D. has
45. —Wuld yu have tld him the answer?
—Yes, I wuld have, but I _____ s busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. am
46. —Why didn’t yu buy it?
—I _____ but I didn’t have the mney.
A. wuld B. wuld have C. had had D. had bught
47. —Yu shuld have finished it sner.
—I knw but I _____ the time.
A. dn’t have B. wn’t have C. didn’t have D. had nt
48. _____ water, we culd nt live a day in the desert.
A. Withut B. N C. Having n D. But nt fr
49. If yu _____ the dctr’s advice, yu wuld have recvered already.
A. fllwed B. wuld fllwed C. will fllw D. had fllwed
50. If he had nt lst the mney, he _____ the pian last week.
A. culd have bught B. had bught C. wuld buy D. have bught
might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
He might nt cme tday. 今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
Yu might als get a headache when yu wrk t hard. 当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛。
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用dn’t have t或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。
—Must I finish my hmewrk first? 我必须先完成作业吗？
—N, yu dn’t have t/ needn’t. 不，你不必。
②can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。
It can nt be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。
It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。
情态动词＋have dne
用法
must have dne
一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/culdn’t have dne
can/culd have dne
(1)本来能够做但却未做
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/culdn’t have dne
不可能做过某事
may/might have dne
或许/可能做过某事
shuld/ught t have dne
本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have dne
做了本没有必要做的事情
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
过去式（be的过去式常用were）
wuld/shuld/might/culd + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1) 过去式
(2)shuld + 动词原形
(3)were t + 动词原形
wuld/shuld/might/culd + 动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时（had + 过去分词）
wuld/shuld/might/culd + 过去分词
解密08情态动词和虚拟语气
考点详解
【考纲解读】
1. 考生应掌握can, culd, may, might, must, will, wuld, shall, shuld, ught t, need, dare, be able t, used t等情态动词的基本用法。
2. 考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。
【命题趋势】
情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查某种时态的某个形式。
考向1 情态动词
一、 can, culd 与 be able t
1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
☞Can yu lift this heavy bx?（体力）
☞Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
☞Can yu skate?（技能） 此时可用be able t代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able t则有更多的时态。
☞I’ll nt be able t cme this afternn.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able t，不能用can。如：
☞He was able t g t the party yesterday evening in spite f the heavy rain.
2. 表示请求和允许。
☞——Can I g nw?
——Yes, yu can. / N, yu can’t. 此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用culd, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
☞——Culd I cme t see yu tmrrw?
—— Yes, yu can. ( N, I’m afraid nt. )
3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
☞They’ve changed the timetable, s we can g by bus instead. This hall can hld 500 peple at least.
4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
☞Can this be true?
☞This can’t be dne by him. Hw can this be true?
1. (2020·天津卷·单项填空)Jim says we ______ stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. mustB. canC. needD. shuld
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. shuld应该。根据后面的“as lng as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
(2018·北京卷·单项填空) In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data _________ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
A. need B. shuld C. can D. must
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；shuld应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
3. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, ________ easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
A. must B. shuld
C. can D. need
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够”。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。
二、 may, might
1. 表示请求和允许。
might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 ☞——Might/ May I smke in this rm?
——N, yu mustn’t.
☞——May/Might I take this bk ut f the rm?
——Yes, yu can. (N, yu can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
☞May yu succeed!
Yu feel all the training a waste f time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later yu’ll be grateful yu did it.
A. shuld B. need
C. shall D. may
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。shuld应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
三、 must, have t
1. 表示必须、必要
☞Yu must cme in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, dn’t have t（不必）。
☞——Must we hand in ur exercise bks tday?
——Yes, yu must. /N, yu dn’t have t / yu needn’t.
2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have t则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时， have t 有更多的时态形式。
☞I really must g nw.
☞I had t wrk when I was yur age.
3. must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
☞Yu’re Tm’s gd friend, s yu must knw what he likes best.
☞Yur mther must be waiting fr yu nw.
1.—Can’t yu stay a little lnger?
—It’s getting late. I really _________g nw, My daughter is hme alne.
A .may B .can
C . must D .dare
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许； can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
2. Yu __________be careful with the camera. It csts!
A .must B. may
C. can D. will
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it csts可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。
四、 dare, need
1. dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
☞Hw dare yu say I’m unfair?
☞He daren’t speak English befre such a crwd, dare he?
☞If we dared nt g there that day，we culdn’t get the beautiful flwers.
2. need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have t, ught t, shuld代替。 ☞Yu needn’t cme s early.
☞—Need I finish the wrk tday?
—Yes, yu must. / N, yu needn’t.
注意：
dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句
中，dare后面常接带t的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可
接带t或不带t的不定式。而need后面只能接带t的不定式。
☞I dare t swim acrss this river.
☞He desn’t dare (t) answer.
☞He needs t finish his hmewrk tday.
五、 shall, shuld
1. shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
☞What shall we d this evening?
2. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
☞Yu shall fail if yu dn’t wrk hard.(警告)
☞He shall have the bk when I finish it.(允诺)
☞He shall be punished.(威胁)
3．shuld表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
☞Yu shuld be strict with yurself as an fficer.
作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。
六、 will, wuld
1. 表示请求、建议等，wuld更委婉。
☞Will / Wuld yu pass me the ball, please?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。
☞I will never d that again.
☞They asked him if he wuld g abrad.
3. wuld表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。wuld表示过去习惯时比used t正式，且没有“现已无此习
惯”的含义。
☞During the vacatin, he wuld visit me every ther day.
☞The wund wuld nt heal.
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ______ use mbile phnes in the class. A. shuld they B. they shuld C. dare they D. they dare
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查特殊句式和情态动词。句意： 教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上绝不要使用手机。在that 引导的宾语从句中，表否定意义的介词短语n n accunt 位于句首，后面的主、谓需要用部分倒装结构，故排除B项和D项；根据句意可知此处应该用情态动词shuld，故选A。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错) As kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t them, my parents wuld nt t let me.
【参考答案】删除let前的t
【答案解析】wuld后跟动词原形，故把t删除。
七、 shuld, ught t
1. shuld, ught t表示“应该”，ught t表示义务或责任，比shuld语气重。
☞I shuld help her because she is in truble.
☞Yu ught t take care f the baby.
2. 表示劝告、建议和命令。shuld, ught t可通用，但在疑问句中常用shuld。
☞Yu shuld / ught t g t class right away.
☞Shuld I pen the windw?
3. 表示推测 shuld , ught t (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
☞He must be hme by nw. (断定他已到家)
☞He ught t/shuld be hme by nw.(不太肯定)
☞This is where the il must be.(直爽)
☞This is where the il ught t/shuld be.(含蓄)
考向2 情态动词+have dne
1.＂must have dne＂
☞表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
☞It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
☞Yu must have been mad t speak t the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
2.＂can’t have dne＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
☞Mr Smith can’t have gne t Beijing, fr I saw him in the library just nw.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
☞Mary can’t have stlen yur mney. She has gne hme.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
3.＂can have dne＂
☞表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
☞There is n light in the rm. Can they have gne ut?
屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
☞There is nwhere t find them. Where can they have gne?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
4.＂culd have dne＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
☞He culd have passed the exam, but he was t careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may have dne＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
☞—What has happened t Gerge? 乔治发生了什么事？
—I dn’t knw. He may have gt lst. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。
6.＂might have dne＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
☞She might have achieved greater prgress, if yu had given her mre chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
7.＂wuld have dne＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
☞I wuld have tld yu all abut the by’s stry, but yu didn’t ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
8.＂shuld have dne＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shuldn’t+have+dne＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
☞Tm, yu are t lazy. The wrk shuld have been finished yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
☞Lk, Tm is crying. I shuldn’t have been s harsh n him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
9.＂ught t have dne＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂shuld have dne＂用法基本一样。
☞I ught t have gne hme last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
☞Yu ught nt t have given him mre help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
10.＂need have dne＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have dne＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
☞I needn’t have bught s much wine — nly five peple came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
☞He need have hurried t the statin. In that case, he wuldn’t have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
—Srry, Mum! I failed the jb interview again.
—Oh, it’s t bad. Yu _____________ have made full preparatins.
A. mustB. can
C. wuldD. shuld
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查情态动词+have dne结构。句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.wuld将会；D.shuld应该。can have dne＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂；culd have dne表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must have dne＂表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句；shuld have dne＂的意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做。故选D。
难点剖析
情态动词表猜测的用法：
一、can / culd用于表推测的用法
(1) 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而culd 可用于肯定句、否定
句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是culd 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。如：
☞It can’t [culdn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。
☞What can [culd] they be ding? 他们会在干什么呢?
☞We culd g there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：
☞Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
☞She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be ding 结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
☞He culd have gne hme. 他可能已经回家了。
☞He can’t [culdn’t] have understd. 他不可能理解了。
☞Why des he knw this? Can [Culd] smene have tld him abut it?
他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
(3) “culd+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如：
☞I culd have lent yu the mney．Why didn’t yu ask me?
我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?
②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如：
☞Yu culd have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。
③表示“差点儿就要”。如：
☞I culd have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。
二、 may / might用于表推测的用法
表示推测，两者都可用，只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
(1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑
问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他
句式（如用culd等）。如：
☞He may [might] knw the answer. 他可能知道答案。
☞He may [might] nt believe yu. 他可能不会相信你。
☞And wh may [might] she be? 那么她会是哪一位呢？
(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be ding 结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
☞He may [might] tell his wife. 他也许会告诉他妻子。
☞He may [might] be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。
☞She may [might] have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。
(3)“might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
① 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：
☞It was really very dangerus. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。
☞A lt f men died wh might have been saved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
② 表示委婉的批评或责备。如：
☞Yu might have made greater prgress. 你的进步本来可更大一些的。
☞Yu might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
三、must表示推测的用法
must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：
☞I must be the happiest wman n earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。
☞N, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒谎
☞He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定误会了我的意思。
考向3 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
☞If he has time, he wil cme. 如果他有时间，他会来的。
☞He wn’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
☞If he had time nw，he wuld(culd，might)g with yu.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
☞If yu had cme a few minutes earlier，yu wuld(culd，might) have met the famus singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
☞If it were t snw this evening，they wuld nt g ut.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将shuld，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
☞Had I wrked harder，I wuld have succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
☞Were she my daughter(Shuld she be my daughter)，I wuldn't allw her t study abrad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
☞If she had fllwed the dctr's wrds，she wuld feel better nw.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如withut...，连词but fr，therwise，r等中。
☞Withut music(＝If there were n music)，the wrld wuld be dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
☞I'm really very busy，therwise I wuld certainly g there with yu.(therwise＝if I were nt s busy)
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂wuld/ shuld/culd/might + 动词原形＂。
☞I wish I were ten years yunger nw. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。
☞I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。
☞I wish I wuld be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。
(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)28. If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. wn’t beB. wuldn’t have beenC. wuldn’t beD. shuldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用wuld/culd/might/shuld+d。故选C。
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______ a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
A. had B. will have
C. wuld have had D. have had
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂shuld + 动词原形＂，shuld可省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest，recmmend， insist， rder， require， advise， demand， cmmand， ask， request，prpse等。
☞He suggested that we (shuld) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。
☞The dctr advised that he (shuld) change his jb. 医生劝他换工作。
1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
A. wuld B. shuld
C. culd D. might
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is imprtant/necessary/strange/impssible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“shuld+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的shuld可以省略。故选B。
2.（2016·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
【参考答案】删除can或can改为shuld
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议讲的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气＂（shuld+）动词原形＂，所以本句可以删除can或can改为shuld。
3. 在wuld rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
☞I wuld rather yu tld me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。
☞I wuld rather yu had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。
4．在＂It is (abut/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂shuld＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意shuld不可省略。
☞It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
5．as if，as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
☞They talked and talked as if they wuld never meet again.
他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。
6．if nly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
☞Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice！
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ______the task in half the time.
Accmplished B. had accmplished C. wuld accmplish D. wuld have accmplished
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。工人没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半时间就能完成任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需要wuld/culd/might/shuld have dne的形式，故选D项。
1.（2017•江苏卷） _______ nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/shuld/had提前，即Were /Shuld/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该学生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
2.（2017•天津卷） —D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able t reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wuldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wuldn’t be
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词therwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phne number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wuldn't have dne表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
难点剖析
错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
☞If yu had fllwed the dctr’s advice，yu wuld be better nw.
如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. wuld catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
2.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A. had nt beenB. shuld nt be
C. were nt t be D. shuld nt have been
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
3. (2015·天津)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
A. will be B. wuld be C. have been D. had been
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
检测训练
题组一 基础过关
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．I wish that I______________(g) with yu t see the film last night.
2．Withut electricity，ur life____________(be) quite different tday.
3．I am a pr man nw. If I________(have) mney，I______________(buy) a large huse.
4．If she had been mre careful，she____________________(nt make) these mistakes in the exam.
5．I think peple__________________(believe) my stry if I were nt s yung.
6．The man insisted that he____________(d) his best and________________(nt blame) fr the failure.
7．But fr the rain，we____________(have) a pleasant jurney the ther day.
8．If I ________(am) yu，I wuld give that patient a hug.
9．It is raining s heavily. If the rain____________________(stp) this afternn，we culd g ut fr a walk.
10．All the dctrs in the hspital insisted that he__________(be) badly wunded and that he___________(perate)
n at nce.
11．Hw I wish every family________(have) a large huse with a beautiful garden.
12．If everyne in the cuntry________(knw) first aid，many lives wuld be saved.
13．Tm wishes that he ______________(study) business instead f histry when he was in university.
14．—Jhn went t the hspital alne.
—If he________________(tell) me abut it，I wuld have gne with him.
15．My father was strict. He requested that I__________________(nt watch) televisin n this week nights.
Ⅱ. 用适当的情态动词填空
1. Can yu help me? I _________ never understand this.
2. ___________ yu tell me what time it is, please?
3. Henry ________ walk when he was ne year ld.
4. We are ging fr a walk. _________ yu like t jin us?
5. Tm, yu ___________ leave yur clthes n the flr like this.
6. The rad is wet. It __________ have rained last night.
7. He has waited utside fr half an hur. ___________ he cme in?
8. These flwers have died. Yu _____________ have watered them.
9. __________ she be ten years ld next mnth?
10. I ___________ have hurt yur feelings but it was nt my intentin.
题组二 真题在线
1.(2017·天津) My rm is a mess, but I ________clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
A. daren't B. shuldn't
C. needn't D. mustn't
2. (2016·天津) It was really annying; I ________ get access t the data bank yu had recmmended.
A. wuldn’t B. culdn’t
C. shuldn’t D. needn’t
3.(2016·浙江)Gerge _________ t far . His cffee is still warm .
A. must have gne B. might have gne
C. can’t have gne D. needn’t have gne
4.（2015 • 重庆）Yu _________ be Carl. Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can
C. will D. shall
5. (2017·天津)—D yu have Betty's phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able t reach her yesterday.
A. hadn't been B. wuldn't have been
C. weren't D. wuldn't be
6.(2016·浙江)Had the gvernments and scientists nt wrked tgether , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had nt fallen B. wuld nt fall
C. did nt fall D. wuld nt have fallen
7.(2016·北京)Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu ________ me, I culd have helped.
A. tld B. had tld
C. were t tell D. wuld tell
8. (2015·安徽)It is lucky we bked a rm, r we ______nwhere t stay nw.
A. hadB. had had
C. wuld haveD. wuld have had
题组三 名校模拟
I. 单项填空
1. Lucas failed his driving test again. ________ harder, he ________the test nw.
A. If he practiced; wuld pass
B. Had he practiced; wuld pass
C. Did he fllw; wuld have passed
D. Shuld he practice; wuld have passed
2. If we________ a table in advance, we wuldn't be standing here in the lng queue.
A. reserveB. reserved
C. have reservedD. had reserved
3. Instead f making chices fr their children, liberal parents usually say, “G where yu ________ .”
A. willB. shuld
C. canD.must
4. All the dctrs in the hspital insisted that he ____ badly wunded and that he ____ at nce.
A. shuld be; be perated n
B. were; must be perated n
C. be; was perated n
D. was; be perated n
5. — My sister is very upset tday.
— It’s yur fault. Yu ________ the bad news t her yesterday.
A. shuld tellB. shuld have tld
C. shuldn’t have tldD. must tell
6. —It’s just t difficult. I’ve tried several times but still cannt wrk it ut.
—Yu _______a wrng apprach. Adpt a new way and see what wuld happen.
A. shuld have takenB. needn’t have taken
C. must have takenD. can’t have taken
7. Faced with the phenmenn that actrs and actresses catch public attentin, many peple insisted that it _____
wrng and mre _______ shuld be given t thse devted scientists.
A. was; creditB.be; hnur
C. shuld be; appreciatinD.is; recgnitin
8. If yu ______ the Minister f Educatin, which subject wuld yu rather have _______ frm the Cllege
Entrance Examinatin?
A. are; includedB. had been; been excluded
C. were t; includeD. were; remved
9. Judging frm her expressin, she the news that Charlie had returned frm Britain.
A. shuldn’t have knwnB. can’t have knwn
C. mustn’t have knwnD. needn’t have knwn
10. —Is Mike cming t this party?
—He shuld but he nt. Because he has a lt f wrk t d tnight.
A. mustB. need
C. mayD. wuld
II. 语法填空
The distance between ancient Rme and ancient China was abut 4,000 miles by land. It was a very 1 (danger) trip with deserts and muntains. The Silk Rad was a nickname fr any rute 2 any trader tk frm China t Rme.
Fr a very lng time, the ancient Rmans did nt knw wh was making the wnderful clth 3 (call) silk. They tried t find the traders as they came int villages t trade ther gds fr silk, but the traders 4 (hide) frm the Rmans. Therefre, they had t trade fr 5 themselves. The trading alng the Silk Rad was a relay system. One trader wuld travel 6 a while, stp and trade, and return hme. The next trader wuld cntinue. And s it went. But 7 (actual) n trader made the whle trip. It was t risky.
As the years went by, a civilizatin f srts grew up alng the Silk Rad. Temples appeared. There were even 8 (city) built n the rare asis (绿洲). It was never easy 9 (travel) by land frm China t Rme, but it was wrth it. Rmans traded gld fr China’s silk and spices. But 10 (many) things traveled the Silk Rad than traders and gds. Ideas that changed the wrld traveled alng the Silk Rad as well.
虚拟语气专项练习50题
1．--- I’m srry. I _______ at yu the ther day.
--- Frget it. I was a bit ut f cntrl myself.
A. shuldn’t shut
B. shuldn’t have shuted
C. mustn’t shut
D. mustn’t have shuted
2 Thank yu fr all y ur hard wrk last week. I dn’t think we ____ it withut yu.
A. can manage
B. culd have managed
C. culd manage
D. can have managed
3. ____ he had nt hurt his leg, Jhn wuld have wn the race.
A. If
B. Since
C. Thugh
D. When
4 --- If the traffic hadn’t been s heavy, I culd have been back by 6 ’clck.
--- What a pity! Tina ____here t see yu.
A. is
B. was
C. wuld be
D. has been
5 I was really anxius abut yu. Yu ____hme withut a wrd.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shuldn’t have left
C. culdn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
6 He suggested that the persn ____t be punished.
A. refers
B. refer
C. shuld refer
D. referred
7 --- D yu think the thief entered the rm thrugh the back dr?
--- N, if he had, I dn’t believe he ____the living-rm windw.
A. wuld break
B. brke
C. wuld have brken
D. breaks
8 Withut electricity, human life ____quite different tday.
A. is
B. will be
C. wuld have been
D. wuld be
9 --- ____he cme t see yu as he prmised?
--- Of curse, please, and I’d rather he ____ me the truth.
A. Will; infrmed
B. Shall; tld
C. Shuld; will tell
D. Can; tell
10 --- He lks very ht and dry.
--- S ____ if yu had a temperature f 39.
A. wuld yu
B. will yu
C. wuld yu have been
D. d yu
11 I frget where I read the article, r I ________ it t yu nw.
A. will shw
B. wuld shw
C. am ging t shw
D. am shwing
12. “It lks as if he were drunk.” “S it des. _________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shuldn’t have drunk s much
C. Health is mre imprtant than drink
D. I wnder why he is always ding s
13. “Mary lks ht and dry” “S _________ yu if yu had s high a fever.”
A. d
B. are
C. will
D. wuld
14. “He will cme tmrrw.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tmrrw.”
A. will cme
B. is cming
C. came
D. had cme
15. All the dctrs in the hspital insisted that he ________ badly wunded and that he ________ at nce.
A. shuld be; be perated n
B. were; must be perated n
C. was; shuld be perated
D. was; be perated n
16. _________ smking, he wuld nt have gt cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up
B. Had he given up
C. Did he give
D. If he gave up
17. What a pity! Cnsidering his ability and experience, he ____ better。
A. need have dne
B. must have dne
C. can have dne
D. might have dne
18. I t g fr a walk, but smene called and I culdn’t get way。
A. was planning
B. had planned
C. planned
D. wuld plan
19. I wuld like _______ yu t my birthday party, but I was busy and frgt t call yu。
A. t invite
B. inviting
C. t have invited
D. having invited
20. Had Paul received six mre vtes in the last electin, he ______ ur chairman nw.
A. must have been
B. wuld have been
C. were
D. wuld be
21. ______ the English examinatin I wuld have gne t the cncert last Sunday.
A. In spite f
B. But fr
C. Because f
D. As fr
22．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, s it seems as if the sun ________rund the earth.
A. were circling
B. circles
C. is circling
D. be circling
23．Had he wrked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have gt thrugh
B. wuld have gt thrugh
C. wuld get thrugh
D. culd get thrugh
24．I'd rather yu _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea f yur being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. wuld g
B. shuld g
C. went
D. had gne
25．_____ fr the timely investment frm the general public, ur cmpany wuld nt be s thriving as it is.
A. Had it nt been
B. Were it nt
C. Be it nt
D. Shuld it nt be
26. We are all fr yur prpsal that discussin _____.
A. be put ff
B. was put ff
C. shuld put ff
D. is t put ff
27. Lk at the terrible situatin I am in! If nly I ____ yur advice.
A. fllw
B. had fllwed
C. wuld fllw
D. have fllwed
28. Withut electrnic cmputers, much f tday’s advanced technlgy ______ .
A. will nt have been achieved
B. have nt been achieved
C. wuld nt have been achieved
D. had nt been achieved
29. When Edisn died, it was prpsed that the American peple _______ all pwer in their hmes, streets, and factries fr several minutes in hnur f this great man.
A. turn ff
B. turned ff
C. wuld turn ff
D. had turned ff
30. There is a real pssibility that these animals culd be frightened, _______a sudden lud nise.
A. being there
B. shuld there be
C. there was
D. there having been
31. Lking rund the twn, he felt as thugh he ______ away fr ages.
A. has been
B. was
C. is
D. had been
32. Jean desn't want t wrk right away because she thinks that if she ______ a jb she prbably wuldn't be able t see her friends very ften.
A. has t get
B. had gt
C. were t get
D. culd have gt
33.____ yu knwn the truth, yu shuld have tld him .
A. Have
B. Had
C. Having
D. If
34. It’s high time yu ______.
A. start t wrk
B. wuld start t wrk
C. started t wrk
D. had started t wrk
35. Bb wuld have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy
B. is busy
C. had been busy.
D. will be busy
36. Jhn went t the hspital alne. If he me abut it, I wuld have gne with him.
A. shuld tell
B. tells
C. tld
D. had tld
37. If we ___ the ther rad, we might have arrived here in time fr the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. tk
D. have taken
38. --The weather has been very ht and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drp, things wuld be much better nw! And my vegetables.
A. wuldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wuldn't have died
39. Had I knwn abut this cmputer prgram, a huge amunt f time and energy______ .
A．wuld have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
40.---Srry, Prfessr Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, yu have dne it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. shuld
D. shuldn't
41. _____ the sun, nthing n earth culd live.
A. Were it nt t B. If it were nt t
C. If it had nt been fr D. If it were nt fr
42. If he _____, give him the message.
A. were cming B. wuld cme C. shuld cme D. were cme
43. Were I t mve t a freign cuntry, I _____ away all my furniture in my huse here.
A. wuld give B. shall give C. gave D. will give
44. I wuld g t the cncert but I _____ n time.
A. had B. had had C. have D. has
45. —Wuld yu have tld him the answer?
—Yes, I wuld have, but I _____ s busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. am
46. —Why didn’t yu buy it?
—I _____ but I didn’t have the mney.
A. wuld B. wuld have C. had had D. had bught
47. —Yu shuld have finished it sner.
—I knw but I _____ the time.
A. dn’t have B. wn’t have C. didn’t have D. had nt
48. _____ water, we culd nt live a day in the desert.
A. Withut B. N C. Having n D. But nt fr
49. If yu _____ the dctr’s advice, yu wuld have recvered already.
A. fllwed B. wuld fllwed C. will fllw D. had fllwed
50. If he had nt lst the mney, he _____ the pian last week.
A. culd have bught B. had bught C. wuld buy D. have bught
might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
He might nt cme tday. 今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
Yu might als get a headache when yu wrk t hard. 当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛。
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用dn’t have t或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。
—Must I finish my hmewrk first? 我必须先完成作业吗？
—N, yu dn’t have t/ needn’t. 不，你不必。
②can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。
It can nt be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。
It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。
情态动词＋have dne
用法
must have dne
一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/culdn’t have dne
can/culd have dne
(1)本来能够做但却未做
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/culdn’t have dne
不可能做过某事
may/might have dne
或许/可能做过某事
shuld/ught t have dne
本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have dne
做了本没有必要做的事情
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
过去式（be的过去式常用were）
wuld/shuld/might/culd + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1) 过去式
(2)shuld + 动词原形
(3)were t + 动词原形
wuld/shuld/might/culd + 动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时（had + 过去分词）
wuld/shuld/might/culd + 过去分词
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