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高中英语高考第2部分 第1讲 专题3情态动词和虚拟语气 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件
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这是一份高中英语高考第2部分 第1讲 专题3情态动词和虚拟语气 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了重 温 真 题，must ，考 点 精 析，►框架结构图，考 点 集 训，may ，shall ，should ，had told ，had 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
单句语法填空(新课标全国样卷)Mum：Are they there? Oh, my gdness. I ________ have put them in there when the phne rang.解析：动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，故肯定句中用must have dne形式。
Her mther can speak French.The wunded man was still able t get t the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.(2)can/culd表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句，culd比can的可能性小，也可用于肯定句。—Can the news be true?—It can't be true.Smene is kncking at the dr. Wh culd it be?
(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会……”。Anybdy can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用culd代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I g nw? Culd I cme t see yu tmrrw?Yes, yu can.(否定答语可用N，I'm afraid nt.)
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。Hw can that be true? I can't believe my eyes and ears.Hw culd yu be s careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只好；can't but不得不；can'。再……也不为过，越……越好I can but wait.I can't but wait.Yu can't be t patient t the custmers.
2．may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语气更委婉一些。—May I watch TV nw?—Yes, yu may. (Yes, please.)—N，yu mustn't. (N，yu'd better nt.)(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can/culd小(主要用于肯定或否定句，疑问句用can/culd代替)。
(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May yu succeed!(4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨Yu might as well d it nw.(5)may/might well很可能He may well be late fr class.
3．must，have t和ught t的用法(1)must①表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must nt(mustn’t)表“禁示，不允许”。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn't或dn’t have t来表达。We must d it nw.—Must I hand in the paper rday?—Yes，yu must.—N，yu needn't/dn't have t.
②表推测“一定”，用于肯定句。比may的语气强。It must be true。③表示必然的结果。All men must die.④还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It can't help；he must d that.(2)have t着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have t be there befre ten.(3)ught t表示义务和责任，意为“应该”，比shuld语气要强。Yu ught t take care f yurself.
4．need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have t代替。Yu dn't need t d it at nce.—Need I cme?—Yes, yu must.(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。I daren't ask her fr a rise.Dare yu g hme alne at eleven in the evening?If yu dare speak t me like that again，yu'll be srry.
(3)need和dare的特殊用法①need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs repairing/t be repaired.＝The desk wants/requires repairing/t be repaired.②dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接t，在疑问句和否定句中t可省去。He dares t catch a snake.I d nt dare (t) cmplain.D yu dare (t) swim in the river?
5．will和wuld的用法(1)will①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will yu please g with me?②表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never d that again.③表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rsa will always be late fr schl.
(2)wuld①表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Wuld yu like a cup f tea?②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We wuld play badmintn n Sundays.
6．shall和shuld的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I cme in?When shall he be able t leave the hspital?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁等。Yu shall d as yur father says.He shall have the bk when I finish reading.He shall be punished.
(2) shuld①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。Yu shuld listen t yur dctr's advice.②表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。Yu shuld wear slippers in class.③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”；省去if，shuld可提至句首。Shuld yu be late, aplgize t the teacher.
7．情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
情态动词＋have dne的用法：(1)shuld have dne表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shuldn't have dne则表示“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。Yu shuld have tld me abut it earlier.Yu shuldn't have said such wrds t yur parents.(2)ught t have dne表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而ught nt t have dne则意为“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。Yu ught t have tld me abut it earlier.Yu ught nt t have said such wrds t yur parents.
(3)needn't have dne表示“过去本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。Yu needn't have walked s quickly since time was enugh.(4)culd have dne表示“过去本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。I culd have cme n time，but my car brke dwn n the way.(5)may/might have dne表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。Yu might have given him mre help, but yu were s busy.
►虚拟语气1．if条件句中的虚拟语气
①If I had enugh mney，I wuld buy myself a cmputer first f all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。②If yu had cme earlier，yu culdn't/wuldn't have missed the bus.如果你早点儿来，就不会错过那班公共汽车了。③If I saw/shuld see/were t see him tmrrw，I wuld invite him hme.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[提示] (1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现shuld，were或had，可以把if省略，把shuld，were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过withut，r，therwise，but fr等词或短语来表示。
2．shuld＋d...结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：rder, cmmand, require, request, demand，advise，suggest(建议)，prpse，recmmend，insist(坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“shuld＋动词原形”来表示，同样，shuld可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。Yur suggestin that the dr(shuld)be shut when we leave is reasnable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“culd/wuld/might＋动词原形”。I wish(that)I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。4．wuld rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在和将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
5．It is(high/abut)time(that)...意为“是……的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去式；另一种是用“shuld＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的shuld不能省略。It's high time that we shuld get/gt dwn t wrking.该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if nly从句中的虚拟语气if nly引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。7．as if, as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。It seems as thugh it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)
►写作中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦1．表达的单调性例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用Yu shuld...既显得单调，同时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Yu'd might as nt...？等。
题组一 情态动词集训单句语法填空1．I dn't knw where she is, she _______ be in Wuhan.2．The rad is wet. It ________ have rained last night.3．Yu _________ be punished if yu cheat in the exam.4．Dn't wrry. I've just sent an ambulance t yu. They __________ be there any secnd.5．I __________ have gne t the schl library, but it rained heavily, s I did nt.
题组二 虚拟语气集训1．He walked in as if he ______________(buy) the schl. And the wrd quickly gt arund that he was frm New Yrk City.2．If yu ____________(tell) me the news yesterday, I wuldn't be s wrried nw.3．Srry, I am t busy nw. If I _______(have) time, I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu.
4．He was very busy yesterday; therwise he ___________________(cme) t the party.5．It's time that ur gvernment ________(take) measures t imprve the quality f the buildings.6．Mr. Li insisted that the sprts meeting ___________________(put) ff because f the bad weather.
wuld have cme
(shuld) be put
题组三 情态动词和虚拟语气专练Lucy is an utging lady. She 1._______ play many kinds f musical instruments. Actually, she 2._________ play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has t d sme sprts because she 3.________ keep slim. “Yu 4._________ get fat sn if yu dn't take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.As fr her, an elegant lady shuld try t keep fit. Hwever, last week, she fund that she 5._________ put n weight and her husband suggested that she 6.__________ lse weight. And these days she'd rather that she 7.________(take) mre exercise every day. Hwever, she is always lacking in time because she has t take care f her children.
One night after supper, she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park and she was late. On her way, she thught that the dancing must 8.______________ (begin), and the cach 9._________ have taught r shwn many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might 10._____________(leave) befre she gt there. She was regretful then.She 11.__________ have had supper earlier, r she culd have taken a taxi, and indeed she needn't 12.______________(take) a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she fund nbdy was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
have begun
have taken
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
单句语法填空(新课标全国样卷)Mum：Are they there? Oh, my gdness. I ________ have put them in there when the phne rang.解析：动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，故肯定句中用must have dne形式。
Her mther can speak French.The wunded man was still able t get t the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.(2)can/culd表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句，culd比can的可能性小，也可用于肯定句。—Can the news be true?—It can't be true.Smene is kncking at the dr. Wh culd it be?
(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会……”。Anybdy can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用culd代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I g nw? Culd I cme t see yu tmrrw?Yes, yu can.(否定答语可用N，I'm afraid nt.)
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。Hw can that be true? I can't believe my eyes and ears.Hw culd yu be s careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只好；can't but不得不；can'。再……也不为过，越……越好I can but wait.I can't but wait.Yu can't be t patient t the custmers.
2．may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语气更委婉一些。—May I watch TV nw?—Yes, yu may. (Yes, please.)—N，yu mustn't. (N，yu'd better nt.)(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can/culd小(主要用于肯定或否定句，疑问句用can/culd代替)。
(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May yu succeed!(4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨Yu might as well d it nw.(5)may/might well很可能He may well be late fr class.
3．must，have t和ught t的用法(1)must①表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must nt(mustn’t)表“禁示，不允许”。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn't或dn’t have t来表达。We must d it nw.—Must I hand in the paper rday?—Yes，yu must.—N，yu needn't/dn't have t.
②表推测“一定”，用于肯定句。比may的语气强。It must be true。③表示必然的结果。All men must die.④还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It can't help；he must d that.(2)have t着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have t be there befre ten.(3)ught t表示义务和责任，意为“应该”，比shuld语气要强。Yu ught t take care f yurself.
4．need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have t代替。Yu dn't need t d it at nce.—Need I cme?—Yes, yu must.(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。I daren't ask her fr a rise.Dare yu g hme alne at eleven in the evening?If yu dare speak t me like that again，yu'll be srry.
(3)need和dare的特殊用法①need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs repairing/t be repaired.＝The desk wants/requires repairing/t be repaired.②dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接t，在疑问句和否定句中t可省去。He dares t catch a snake.I d nt dare (t) cmplain.D yu dare (t) swim in the river?
5．will和wuld的用法(1)will①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will yu please g with me?②表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never d that again.③表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rsa will always be late fr schl.
(2)wuld①表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Wuld yu like a cup f tea?②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We wuld play badmintn n Sundays.
6．shall和shuld的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I cme in?When shall he be able t leave the hspital?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁等。Yu shall d as yur father says.He shall have the bk when I finish reading.He shall be punished.
(2) shuld①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。Yu shuld listen t yur dctr's advice.②表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。Yu shuld wear slippers in class.③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”；省去if，shuld可提至句首。Shuld yu be late, aplgize t the teacher.
7．情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
情态动词＋have dne的用法：(1)shuld have dne表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shuldn't have dne则表示“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。Yu shuld have tld me abut it earlier.Yu shuldn't have said such wrds t yur parents.(2)ught t have dne表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而ught nt t have dne则意为“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。Yu ught t have tld me abut it earlier.Yu ught nt t have said such wrds t yur parents.
(3)needn't have dne表示“过去本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。Yu needn't have walked s quickly since time was enugh.(4)culd have dne表示“过去本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。I culd have cme n time，but my car brke dwn n the way.(5)may/might have dne表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。Yu might have given him mre help, but yu were s busy.
►虚拟语气1．if条件句中的虚拟语气
①If I had enugh mney，I wuld buy myself a cmputer first f all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。②If yu had cme earlier，yu culdn't/wuldn't have missed the bus.如果你早点儿来，就不会错过那班公共汽车了。③If I saw/shuld see/were t see him tmrrw，I wuld invite him hme.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[提示] (1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现shuld，were或had，可以把if省略，把shuld，were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过withut，r，therwise，but fr等词或短语来表示。
2．shuld＋d...结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：rder, cmmand, require, request, demand，advise，suggest(建议)，prpse，recmmend，insist(坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“shuld＋动词原形”来表示，同样，shuld可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。Yur suggestin that the dr(shuld)be shut when we leave is reasnable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“culd/wuld/might＋动词原形”。I wish(that)I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。4．wuld rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在和将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
5．It is(high/abut)time(that)...意为“是……的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去式；另一种是用“shuld＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的shuld不能省略。It's high time that we shuld get/gt dwn t wrking.该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if nly从句中的虚拟语气if nly引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。7．as if, as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。It seems as thugh it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)
►写作中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦1．表达的单调性例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用Yu shuld...既显得单调，同时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Yu'd might as nt...？等。
题组一 情态动词集训单句语法填空1．I dn't knw where she is, she _______ be in Wuhan.2．The rad is wet. It ________ have rained last night.3．Yu _________ be punished if yu cheat in the exam.4．Dn't wrry. I've just sent an ambulance t yu. They __________ be there any secnd.5．I __________ have gne t the schl library, but it rained heavily, s I did nt.
题组二 虚拟语气集训1．He walked in as if he ______________(buy) the schl. And the wrd quickly gt arund that he was frm New Yrk City.2．If yu ____________(tell) me the news yesterday, I wuldn't be s wrried nw.3．Srry, I am t busy nw. If I _______(have) time, I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu.
4．He was very busy yesterday; therwise he ___________________(cme) t the party.5．It's time that ur gvernment ________(take) measures t imprve the quality f the buildings.6．Mr. Li insisted that the sprts meeting ___________________(put) ff because f the bad weather.
wuld have cme
(shuld) be put
题组三 情态动词和虚拟语气专练Lucy is an utging lady. She 1._______ play many kinds f musical instruments. Actually, she 2._________ play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has t d sme sprts because she 3.________ keep slim. “Yu 4._________ get fat sn if yu dn't take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.As fr her, an elegant lady shuld try t keep fit. Hwever, last week, she fund that she 5._________ put n weight and her husband suggested that she 6.__________ lse weight. And these days she'd rather that she 7.________(take) mre exercise every day. Hwever, she is always lacking in time because she has t take care f her children.
One night after supper, she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park and she was late. On her way, she thught that the dancing must 8.______________ (begin), and the cach 9._________ have taught r shwn many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might 10._____________(leave) befre she gt there. She was regretful then.She 11.__________ have had supper earlier, r she culd have taken a taxi, and indeed she needn't 12.______________(take) a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she fund nbdy was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
have begun
have taken
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