中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点39 短文填空之首字母填空

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中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。


【讲通练透】考点39 短文填空之首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。


A
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Have you ever seen a rainbow (彩虹) in the sky? Do you know what it is?
A story says that when you see a rainbow you should r___1___ at once to the place where it touches the ground, and there you would f___2___ a bag of gold. Of course, it is not t___3___. You could not find the bag of gold, you could not ever find its end, e____4____. No matter how far you run, it always seems far away.
A rainbow is not a thing which we can feel with our h___5___ as we can feel a flower. It is only the effect of light shining on raindrops (雨滴). The raindrops catch the sunlight and break it up into all the wonderful c___6___ which we see.
It is called a rainbow perhaps b___7___ it is made up of raindrops and looks like a bow (弓). That is why we can never see a rainbow in a c____8____ sky. We see rainbows only when there are raindrops in the air and the sun is shining brightly t___9___ the clouds. Every rainbow has many colors in the same order. The f____10____ of the top color is always red, next comes orange, then yellow, and last of all violet (紫). A rainbow is indeed one of the wonders of nature.
【答案】1．(r)un
2．(f)ind
3．(t)rue
4．(e)ither
5．(h)ands
6．(c)olors
7．(b)ecause
8．(c)lear
9．(t)hrough
10．(f)irst
【分析】本文讲述了天空中的彩虹是如何形成的。
1．句意：有一个故事说，当你看到一道彩虹，你应该马上跑到它接触地面的地方，在那里你会找到一袋金子。根据后面提到的“at once to the place”及首字母提示可知，此处表达的是你马上“跑”到那个地方；run“跑”；should为情态动词，其后跟动词原形。故填(r)un。
2．句意：有一个故事说，当你看到一道彩虹，你应该马上跑到它接触地面的地方，在那里你会找到一袋金子。根据后面提到的“a bag of gold.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达的是去它接触地面的地方，你会“找到”一袋金子；find“找到”； would为助动词，其后跟动词原形。故填(f)ind。
3．句意：当然，这不是真实的。根据后文“You could not find the bag of gold, nor could you ever find its end,”及首字母提示可知，你找不到那袋金子，也找不到彩虹的尽头，因此前文提到的“当你看到一道彩虹，你应该马上跑到它接触地面的地方，在那里你会找到一袋金子。”是不“真实的”；true“真实的”。故填(t)rue。
4．句意：你找不到那袋金子，你也永远找不到它的尽头。根据前面提到的“You could not find the bag of gold, you could not ever find its end,”及首字母提示可知，此处表达的是你找不到那袋金子，你“也”永远找不到它的尽头；此处位于否定句句末，有逗号隔开，因此使用either，表示“也”。故填(e)ither。
5．句意：彩虹不是我们用手能感觉到的东西，就像我们能感觉到一朵花一样。根据后面提到的“as we can feel a flower,”及首字母提示可知，此处是用“手”感知；hand“手”，可数名词，这里指双手，因此，使用hand的复数形式hands。故填(h)ands。
6．句意：雨滴捕捉阳光，把它分解成我们所看到的所有美妙的颜色。根据后面提到的“Every rainbow has many colors in the same order.”可知，彩虹有很多“颜色”，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用color，表示“颜色”；all后跟名词复数；color的复数形式是colors。故填(c)olors。
7．句意：它被称为彩虹，可能是因为它是由雨滴组成的，看起来像一张弓。分析句子可知，空格处需要填写一个连词；根据后面提到的“it is made up of raindrops and looks like a bow.”及首字母提示可知，此处是在解释被叫做彩虹的原因。因此使用because“因为”来连接。故填(b)ecause。
8．句意：这就是为什么我们在晴朗的天空中永远看不到彩虹。根据后面提到的“We see rainbows only when there are raindrops in the air and the sun is shining brightly...”可知，只有当天空中有雨滴，阳光灿烂时，我们才会看到彩虹；结合首字母提示可知，此处表达的是在晴朗的天空中永远看不到彩虹。clear“晴朗的”，形容词； in a clear sky“在晴朗的天空中”。故填(c)lear。
9．句意：只有当空气中有雨滴，太阳通过云层闪耀时，我们才能看到彩虹。分析句子可知，空格处需填写一个介词；根据前面讲述的“雨滴捕捉阳光，把它分解成我们所看到的所有美妙的颜色。”，结合首字母提示可知，太阳“通过”云层才能被雨滴捕捉。 through“通过”，介词。故填(t)hrough。
10．句意：第一种颜色总是红色，其次是橙色，然后是黄色，最后是紫色。根据后面提到的“next comes orange, then yellow, and last.,”及首字母提示可知，此处使用first“第一”,表示顺序。故填(f)irst。
B
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
It’s a nice winter day. The sun is shining brightly in the s___11___. The trees and flowers are covered with snow just like w___12___ a silver coat. Everyone is happy b___13___ the Christmas season is coming in December, the twelfth month of the year. They can’t wait to go out to the street. They look at d___14___ things in the shopping windows to find something they want. Children are running and singing happily on the street with colorful flags. They are enjoying t___15___ at the moment.
However, an old man called David is unhappy because he is in t___16___. He is a Canadian and now he lives alone in US. Last year, he prepared and l___17___ some biscuits and candies on the table to welcome the children around here, but this year he is sick and he r___18___ he can’t continue to manage to do that. To tell the truth, he is so worried about it that he can’t fall asleep u___19___ midnight. To his surprise, the children make a band to celebrate the festival for him. David is so moved. Friends get t___20___ and sing songs happily. They do this for fun and bring spirit of Christmas to the people in the house.
【答案】11．(s)ky
12．(w)earing
13．(b)ecause
14．(d)ifferent
15．(t)hemselves
16．(t)rouble
17．(l)aid
18．(r)ealizes
19．(u)ntil
20．(t)ogether
【分析】本文是记叙文，短文描述了美好的冬日景象和孩子们为大卫组建乐队来庆祝节日的美好事情。
11．句意：太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着。定冠词the后接名词，根据上文“The sun is shining brightly”和首字母提示，可知是说太阳当空照，sky“天空”符合语境，故填(s)ky。
12．句意：树和花被雪覆盖，就像穿上了一件银色的外套。根据上文“The trees and flowers are covered with snow”和首字母提示，可知是说像穿上了一件外套，wear“穿戴”符合语境；like“像”是介词，后接动名词，故填(w)earing。
13．句意：每个人都很高兴，因为圣诞节季节在12月到来，这是一年的第十二个月。根据题干“Everyone is happy…the Christmas season is coming in December”，可知前后是因果关系，需用because连接，故填(b)ecause。
14．句意：他们在购物橱窗里看不同的东西以寻找他们想要的东西。设空处修饰名词things，需用形容词；根据下文“to find something they want”和首字母提示，可知是看橱窗里不同的东西，different“不同的”符合语境，故填(d)ifferent。
15．句意：他们现在玩得很开心。enjoy oneself“玩得高兴”，是固定短语；结合主语they和首字母提示，themselves“他们自己”符合语境，故填(t)hemselves。
16．句意：然而，一位名叫大卫的老人不高兴，因为他遇到了麻烦。in trouble“遇到麻烦/陷入困境”，是固定短语；根据上文“an old man called David is unhappy”和首字母提示，可知是说大卫遇到了麻烦，故填(t)rouble。
17．句意：去年，他准备了一些饼干和糖果放在桌子上欢迎这里的孩子们，但今年他生病了，他意识到他不能继续这样做了。根据下文“some biscuits and candies on the table to welcome the children around here”和首字母提示，可知是说把准备好的饼干和糖果放在桌子上，lay“放置”符合语境；and连接并列结构，前后时态需一致，结合上文动词prepared是过去式，故填(l)aid。
18．句意：去年，他准备了一些饼干和糖果放在桌子上欢迎这里的孩子们，但今年他生病了，他意识到他不能继续这样做了。根据题干“this year he is sick and he realizes he can’t continue to manage to do that”和首字母提示，可知是说他意识到自己不能继续给孩子们准备饼干和糖果了，realize“意识到”符合语境；and连接并列结构，前后时态需一致，结合上文“he is sick”是一般现在时，本句主语he是单数第三人称，动词需用三单形式，故填(r)ealizes。
19．句意：说实话，他很担心，直到半夜才睡着。根据题干“he is so worried about it that he can’t fall asleep…midnight”和首字母提示，可知是“not…until”结构，是说他直到半夜才睡着，故填(u)ntil。
20．句意：朋友们聚在一起，快乐地唱歌。根据题干“Friends get…and sing songs happily”和首字母提示，可知是说朋友们欢聚一堂，together“在一起”符合语境，故填(t)ogether。
C
Life has gone mostly online for many people around the world. With more people going online during the pandemic, global internet traffic has become a big problem. Between January and late March, a quarter of big cities experienced an i___21___ in internet traffic. Video meetings, online classrooms and stay-at-home entertainment have become a lifeline to the outside world. The increasing use of internet is t___22___ the internet’s power. Many people cannot surf the internet as fast as usual. In March, phone networks in the UK experienced mass outages（断供）. People were not able to take calls.
In the US, main telecommunications（电信）companies like AT&T said traffic was u___23___ 21 percent month over month. Video streaming services like YouTube, Netflix and Facebook have cut their qualities and download speeds. This is being done to reduce network traffic jams.
China has seen an internet traffic increase of around 50 percent c___24___ to the end of 2019. The country’s network speeds went down sharply in early February. However, they r___25___ to normal soon afterwards and have been working well.
This is due to China’s work in building network infrastructure（基础设施）, e___26___ 5G technology. By the end of February, 164, 000 5G base stations had been built nationwide. This has given Chinese networks the power to withstand increased traffic.
“If there were no such development in the internet network field, people could hardly enjoy such a colorful life at home. O____27____ working and teaching could never be realized so smoothly,” Wen Ku, an official with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
【答案】21．(i)ncrease
22．(t)esting
23．(u)p
24．(c)ompared
25．(r)eturned
26．(e)specially
27．(O)nline.
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述疫情期间，随着越来越多的人上网，全球互联网流量已经成为一个大问题。并着重讲述中国互联网基础设施的发展成功应对了这一挑战。
21．句意：1月至3月底，四分之一的主要城市的互联网流量有所增加。动词“ experienced”后缺宾语，根据“an”可知是单数名词。根据下文“This increase in traffic is testing the internet’s strength”和首字母提示,可知表达“增加”，根据首字母提示可知用名词“increase”。故填(i)ncrease。
22．句意：互联网使用的增长正在考验互联网的实力。句子是现在进行时，动词用“be doing”的结构。根据“the internet’s power”及“Many people cannot surf the internet as fast as usual. In March, phone networks in the UK experienced mass outages. People were not able to take calls”可知表达“检测，考验”，根据首字母提示可知动词用现在分词“testing”。故填(t)esting。
23．句意：在美国，像美国电报电话公司这样的电信公司说网速逐月高达21%。根据“21% month over month”及首字母提示可知高达21%，用介词“up”。故填(u)p。
24．句意：与2019年底相比，中国的互联网流量增长了约50%。根据“the end of 2019”可知表达时间的比较，用“compared to…”表达“与……比较”。故填(c)ompared。
25．句意：然而，他们在不久之后恢复了正常，且运转顺利。根据空后“and have worked well”和首字母提示，可知表达“恢复了正常”，用动词“return”。讲述的是过去的事情，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式“returned”。故填(r)eturned。
26．句意：这得益于中国在网络基础设施建设方面的工作，尤其是5G技术。根据“building network infrastructure”可知特别强调了5G技术。根据首字母提示可知用副词“especially”，表达“尤其地”。故填(e)specially。
27．句意：在线工作和教学从未如此顺利地进行。根据“online classrooms”及“the internet network field”可知表达在线工作和教学，用形容词“online”。句首首字母大写。故填(O)nline。
D
根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整
As a teenager, I felt I was always letting people down. Once I b____28____ my friend Penelope to my home. I noticed that all my family members seemed to like Penelope better than me.
I felt very d____29____. I even thought they didn’t love me. I w____30____ whether they would miss me if I died some day.So I told my mom, “Penelope is more patient than I have ever been. You must want her to be your daughter rather than me. My mom e____31____ that though Penelope was a lovely girl, no one could replace me in the family. She said I was the only person who could fill my role. She made me r____32____ that even if I made mistakes, I was a beloved member of the family who could n____33____ be replaced.
From then on, I tried to find out who I was and what made me s____34____. My view of myself changed. I started to act in a positive (积极的) way toward my life, and I was happy a____35____ who I really was. I came to feel much more c____36____ once I knew that no one could ever take my place.
Each of us holds a special place in the world. You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think. So f_____37_____ about being replaced. You can’t be.
【答案】28．(b)rought
29．(d)isappointed
30．(w)ondered
31．(e)xplained
32．(r)ealize
33．(n)ever
34．(s)pecial
35．(a)bout
36．(c)onfident
37．(f)orget
【分析】在这个世界上每个人都是独一无二、不可取代的，作者通过自己的亲身经历给我们讲述了他意识到这一点的过程。
28．句意：有一次我把我的朋友佩内洛普带回家。根据后面提到的“my friend Penelope”，结合首字母可知，bring...to...意为“把……带到……”符合语境。由文意可知，这篇短文使用了一般过去时，这里应用过去式。故填(b)rought。
29．句意：我感觉很失望。根据上文“I noticed that all my family members seemed to like Penelope better than me.”和“I even thought they didn’t love me.”作者注意到家人似乎更喜欢佩内洛普之后应是感到“失望的disappointed”，位于系动词felt之后，应用形容词。故填(d)isappointed。
30．句意：我不知道如果有一天我死了，他们会不会想念我。根据后面“whether they would miss me”，结合首字母可知，这里应用wonder，是一个动词，意为“想知道”，后面常跟宾语从句。结合文章时态，这里应用wonder的过去式。故填(w)ondered。
31．句意：我妈妈解释说，尽管佩内洛普是个可爱的女孩，但在家里没有人能取代我。根据“though Penelope was a lovely girl, no one could replace me in the family”及首字母可知，这里是妈妈的解释，explain，意为“解释”。再结合文章时态，这里应用explain的过去式。故填(e)xplained。
32．句意：她让我意识到，即使我犯了错误，我也是这个家庭中受人爱戴的一员，谁也无法取代我。根据前面提到妈妈给“我”的解释，再结合首字母，这里考查realize，意为“意识到”。该句中使用了make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，动词用原形。故填(r)ealize。
33．句意：她让我意识到，即使我犯了错误，我也是这个家庭中受人爱戴的一员，谁也无法取代我。分析句子，空格处需填写一个副词，结合语境可知，never “从不”符合文意。故填(n)ever。
34．句意：从那时起，我试图弄清楚我是谁，是什么让我与众不同。根据上文“I was a beloved member of the family who could …be replaced.”结合首字母可知，这里考查special，意为“特殊的，特别的”。该句中使用了make sb. +形容词“使某人怎么样”。故填(s)pecial。
35．句意：我开始以一种积极的方式对待我的生活，我为真实的自己感到高兴。根据前面提到的“be happy…”可知，这里考查be happy about“为……高兴”。故填(a)bout。
36．句意：当我知道没有人能取代我的位置时，我变得更加自信了。根据空后“once I knew that no one could ever take my place”和单词首字母可知，这里考查confident“自信的”，是一个形容词，在句中作表语。故填(c)onfident。
37．句意：所以忘记被取代吧。上文“You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think.”提到每个人都是特别的，因此这里应表示“忘记”，考查forget。这是一个祈使句，动词用原形。故填(f)orget。
E
While there has been no female president in America, Finland elected its third female prime minister(总理) last year. Even more impressive, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, who was sworn into office (宣誓就职) on December 10, 2019, is the youngest prime minister in Finland’s h____38____ and the youngest leader of a government in the world.
Ms. Marin was born in 1985, in Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. Born and raised in a low-income household, she is the o____39____ person in her family to graduate from both high school and university.
Her political career began in 2013 as the City Council head of Tampere. She currently lives with her partner and their two-year-old daughter there. The young leader’s ability to fearlessly deal with difficult issues made her extremely p____40____ with the public. Ms. Marin has been a member of Finland’s Parliament (议会) since 2015. Before the election, she s____41____ as the Minister of Transport and Communications.
The a____42____ of the new leader may actually be more important than her sex, at least in Finland, since the country has had long and strong female representation(代表) in government. Finland elected its first female president, Tarja Halonen, in 2000. The first female prime minister, Anneli, followed in 2003.
But about her win, the newly-elected Marin said, “I have not actually ever thought about how y____43____ I am or the fact that I am a woman. ” The woman leader is expected to focus her efforts on climate change, equality and social welfare. In an online post following her election, Ms. Marin said, “Finland will become b____44____. That’s what we’re working on. I want to build a society where every child can do anything they set their mind to, and every person can live and grow in dignity (尊严).”
【答案】38．(h)istory
39．(o)nly
40．(p)opular
41．(s)erved
42．(a)ge##(a)bility
43．(y)oung
44．(b)etter
【分析】本文讲述了34岁的桑娜·马林于2019年12月10日宣誓就职，成为芬兰历史上最年轻的总理。马林的成就更为引人入目，因为她的出身并不显赫。这位新当选的领导人将工作重点放在气候变化、平等和社会福利上。
38．句意：更令人印象深刻的是, 34岁的桑娜·马林于2019年12月10日宣誓就职，是芬兰历史上最年轻的总理，也是世界上最年轻的政府领导人。根据“is the youngest prime minister in Finland’s...and the youngest leader of a government in the world.”结合单词首字母可知，此处是指她是芬兰历史上最年轻的总理，history“历史”，是名词。故填(h)istory。
39．句意：她是家里唯一一个高中和大学都毕业的人。根据“ she is the...person in her family to graduate from both high school and university.”结合单词首字母可知，此处是指她是唯一一个高中和大学都毕业的人，only“唯一的”。故填(o)nly。
40．句意：这位年轻领导人勇敢地处理棘手问题的能力使她深受公众欢迎。根据“The young leader’s ability to fearlessly deal with difficult issues made her extremely...with the public. ”结合单词首字母可知，此处是指这位年轻领袖勇敢地处理困难问题的能力是受欢迎的，popular“受欢迎的”，是形容词，故填(p)opular。
41．句意：选举前，她担任运输和通讯部长。根据“Before the election, she...as the Minister of Transport and Communications”结合首字母可知，此处是指作为运输和通讯部长，serve“任职”，是动词，又因句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(s)erved。
42．句意：新领导人的年龄/能力实际上可能比她的性别更重要, 至少在芬兰是。根据“The...of the new leader may actually be more important than her sex, at least in Finland, ”及上文“is the youngest prime minister”和“The young leader’s ability ”结合首字母可知，此处是指年龄/能力比她的性别更重要。age“年龄”/ability“能力”，都是名词。故填(a)ge##(a)bility。
43．句意：我实际上从来没有想过我有多年轻，也没想过我是一个女性的事实。根据“I have not actually ever thought about how...I am or the fact that I am a woman.”结合单词首字母可知，此处是指“我”没想过自己有多年轻。young“年轻的”，是形容词，故填(y)oung。
44．句意：芬兰将变得更好。根据“Finland will become...That’s what we’re working on. ”结合单词首字母可知，此处是指想建立一个每个孩子都能做任何想做的事情，有尊严地生活和成长的社会，这样芬兰就会变得更好。better“更好”，故填(b)etter。
F
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
St Clare’s death made things very dangerous for the slaves. While he was living, he treated them kindly. But now they belonged to Marie, and they knew things would be very d___45___.
Marie’s attitude to the slaves became very clear soon. She didn’t like the way Rosa spoke to her. So she decided to p___46___ her with fifteen lashes in a whipping(鞭打) house. Whipping houses were businesses where men whipped slaves for m___47___. Rosa ran to Miss Ophelia for help.
“Rosa is very sorry for what she did,” said Miss Ophelia.
“Oh, really? I don’t think she is s___48___ enough. I will teach her how to speak to me. Whipping is the only way black people l___49___.”
A few days later Adolph, another slave, went to talk to Tom.
“Do you know that Mrs St Clare is going to sell us? I was b___50___ the curtains(窗帘) when she came into the room with her lawyer, and they didn’t see me, so I heard the conversation.”
Miss Ophelia treated him with respect and k___51___, so Tom decided to ask her to help him.
“Miss Ophelia,” he said, “Master St Clare p___52___ me my freedom. Could Miss Ophelia speak to Mrs St Clare and tell her it was St Clare’s wish?”
“I’ll do my best, Tom,” said Miss Ophelia, “b___53___ there isn’t much hope.”
“Absolutely not,” was Marie’s answer. “I can sell Tom at the h___54___ price and make a lot of money. Besides, he doesn’t need his freedom. Slaves don’t know what to do with freedom.”
So Miss Ophelia did the best thing she could for Tom: she wrote a letter to Mr Shelby and asked him to send money to buy Tom.
——Taken from Uncle Tom’s Cabin
【答案】45．(d)ifferent##(d)ifficult
46．(p)unish
47．(m)oney
48．(s)orry
49．(l)earn
50．(b)ehind
51．(k)indness
52．(p)romised
53．(b)ut
54．(h)ighest
【分析】本文主要介绍了圣克莱尔死了后，奴隶们的生活变得非常危险，因为玛丽掌管他们，而且玛丽对奴隶们不好。
45．句意：但现在他们属于玛丽了，他们知道情况会大不相同/困难。根据“While he was living, he treated them kindly. But now they belonged to Marie, and they knew things would be very...”可知此处是指奴隶们的处境和以前不同，或者是处境更难了。different“不同的”，是形容词；difficult“困难的”，是形容词，故填(d)ifferent/(d)ifficult.
46．句意：所以她决定在鞭打屋里鞭打她15下。根据“ She didn’t like the way Rosa spoke to her. So she decided to...her with fifteen lashes in a whipping(鞭打) house.”结合单词首字母可知此处是指鞭打她15下作为惩罚，punish“惩罚”，是动词，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形， 故填(p)unish。
47．句意：鞭打屋是人们为了钱而鞭打奴隶的生意。根据“ Whipping houses were businesses where men whipped slaves for...”结合单词首字母可知此处是指为了钱，money“金钱”，是不可数名词，故填(m)oney。
48．句意：哦，真的吗？我觉得她还不够抱歉。根据“Rosa is very sorry for what she did”可知此处是指玛丽认为罗莎还不够抱歉，后悔。sorry“遗憾，后悔，难过”，故填(s)orry。
49．句意：鞭打是黑人学习的唯一方式。根据“I will teach her how to speak to me. Whipping is the only way black people...”结合单词首字母可知此处是指玛丽认为鞭打是黑人学习的唯一方式，learn“学习”，是动词，主语是复数名词，动词用原形， 故填(l)earn。
50．句意：她和她的律师走进房间时，我躲在窗帘后面，他们没有看见我，所以我听到了谈话。根据“I was...the curtains(窗帘) when she came into the room with her lawyer”结合单词首字母可知此处是指躲在窗帘后面，behind“在……后面”，是介词，故填(b)ehind。
51．句意：奥菲莉亚小姐对他很尊重，很友善，所以汤姆决定请她帮助他。根据“Miss Ophelia treated him with respect and...so Tom decided to ask her to help him.”结合单词首字母可知此处是指奥菲莉亚小姐对他很友善，kindness“友善，和蔼”，故填(k)indness。
52．句意：圣克莱尔少爷答应过我的自由。根据“Master St Clare...me my freedom. Could Miss Ophelia speak to Mrs St Clare and tell her it was St Clare’s wish?”结合单词首字母可知此处是指圣克莱尔少爷承诺过会让汤姆自由，promise“承诺，答应”，是动词，分析句子结构可知句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式，故填(p)romised。
53．句意：但是希望不大。根据“‘I’ll do my best, Tom,” said Miss Ophelia...there isn’t much hope.’”可知空处前后是转折关系，but“但是”，是转折连词，符合句意，故填(b)ut。
54．句意：我可以以最高的价格卖掉汤姆，赚很多钱。根据““I can sell Tom at the...price and make a lot of money”结合单词首字母可知此处是指最高的价格，high“高的”，是形容词， 此处需使用其最高级形式highest。故填(h)ighest。
G
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by British writer Charles Dickens. It is about an old man named Scrooge who is rich, but selfish. He only thinks about h____55____ and is unwilling to share things with others. One Christmas Eve, Three ghosts visit him and take him on a journey.
“Ghost of the p____56____” lets him feel his sister’s love for him in his childhood, and his kind boss’s party on Christmas Eve when he was an employee (雇员). So his h____57____begins to soften, regretting his attitude towards his employees, and regretting that he has changed from a poor but happy young employee to a rich but unhappy b____58____.
“Ghost of the present” takes him to a Christmas party at his employee Bob’s home. He is a clerk with a l____59____ salary. There is no Christmas gift or Turkey, but everyone’s face is full of happy smile. He feels very ashamed(惭愧的). The ghost leaves happiness in all of them and teaches Scrooge to do the same.
“Ghost of the future” shows him the sad scene of l____60____in bed in his old age. L____61____ is around him, with no family or friends to visit him at Christmas. Therefore, he begins to consider the meaning of life and realizes that g____62____ is happier than receiving.
On Christmas morning, Bob is late for work. He thinks Scrooge will be angry. H____63____, Scrooge says to him, “Merry Christmas, my good friend! I’ll give you a raise and try my best to help your poor family”. Then, for the first time, he visits his nephew and says “Merry Christmas” to everyone on the street, people all respond with kind smiles. Scrooge is t_____64_____happy for the first time in his life.
【答案】55．(h)imself
56．(p)ast
57．(h)eart
58．(b)oss
59．(l)ow
60．(l)ying
61．(L)oneliness
62．(g)iving
63．(H)owever
64．(t)ruly
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述《圣诞颂歌》的故事。讲述斯科鲁奇只想到他自己，不愿意和别人分享任何东西。圣诞前夜，圣诞过去，现在和将来之灵把他带去旅行，让他意识到自己的自私和孤独。他在圣诞节早上开始友善的对待他人，人生中第一次感到了快乐。
55．句意：他只想到他自己，不愿意和别人分享任何东西。根据“is unwilling to share things with others”及首字母提示，可知句子表达“只想到自己”，主语是“he”,用反身代词“himself”。故填(h)imself。
56．句意：“圣诞过去之灵”将他带回到他的童年时代感受到他的姐姐对他的爱，让他回顾了他还是雇员的时候，他的好心的老板在圣诞前夜开的晚会。根据后文“in his childhood”可知讲述过去的事，根据首字母提示可知，表达过去，用名词“past”。故填(p)ast。
57．句意：因此他的心开始软化，后悔他对雇员的态度，后悔他从一个贫穷的但是开心的年轻雇员变成一个不开心的老板。句子缺主语，根据“begins to soften”及首字母提示可知，表达内心开始软化，用名词“heart”。故填(h)eart。
58．句意：因此他的心开始软化，后悔他对雇员的态度，后悔他从一个贫穷的但是开心的年轻雇员变成一个不开心的老板。根据“his attitude towards his employees”可知他是一个老板，根据首字母提示可知用名词“boss”。故填(b)oss。
59．句意：他是一个薪水很低的文员。名词前用形容词修饰，根据“There is no Christmas gift or Turkey”及首字母提示可知表达薪水很低，用形容词“low”。故填(l)ow。
60．句意：“圣诞未来之灵”给他展示了他老的时候躺在床上的悲伤的场景。介词“of”后缺宾语。根据“the sad scene”及“in bed in his old age”可知表达躺在床上，用动词“lie”的动名词形式“lying”作宾语。故填(l)ying。
61．句意：孤独围绕着他，圣诞节的时候没有家人或朋友来拜访他。句子缺主语，根据“is”可知是单数名词。根据“with no family or friends to visit him at Christmas”及首字母提示可知表达“孤独”，用名词“loneliness”。故填(L)oneliness。
62．句意：因此，他开始考虑生命的意义，意识到给与比接受更开心。句子缺主语，根据 “than receiving”可知用动名词作主语，根据首字母提示可知句子表达“给与比接受更开心”，用动名词“giving”。故填(g)iving。
63．句意：然而，斯科鲁奇对他说：“圣诞快乐！我的好朋友。”根据“He thinks Scrooge will be angry”可知后面句子是转折，根据首字母提示可知句首用“however”表达“然而”。故填(H)owever。
64．句意：斯科鲁奇在他的人生中第一次真的很开心。形容词happy用副词修饰，根据首字母提示可知表达“他真的开心”，用副词“truly”。故填(t)ruly。
H
It was a cloudy afternoon. I was walking in the park near my neighborhood. The wind was blowing hard and I knew it was about to rain. Even so, I didn’t want to go home. I had a terrible argument with my mom and ran out of the house just 10 minutes earlier.
I sat down near a lake. There were many children playing with their parents nearby. I felt a little l____65____. “Shall we play together?” A little girl came toward me with a ball in her hands. I agreed and she h____66____ me the ball with a sweet smile.
When it began to rain, all the children at the lakeside went home with their parents.
“Where are your parents?” I asked the girl. “My mom is selling candied fruit(蜜饯) outside the park. She hardly takes care of me,” the girl explained “I usually play alone here. It’s OK i____67____ you need to go home now. I am old enough to stay here and wait for my mom.”
“But it’s raining.” I said. “You’d better not be here alone when it’s dark.”
“It’s no problem. Mom won’t leave me alone. She is coming soon,” the girl replied. “She is my mom, even if she s____68____ cares for her daughter.”
A 5-year old girl taught me to love and believe in my mom. Should I listen to her and say s____69____ to my mom?
In the end, I took the little girl to her mom’s vending cart(售货摊)and then ran home quickly. Opening the door, my mom was close to t____70____:“Where have you been? I looked for you everywhere! See how wet your coat is! Don’t come to my room even if you get a cold tonight!”
But I knew she wasn’t angry anymore. A____71____ taking a shower, I heard her shouting outside my room： “Dinner time! Come out if you feel like eating some fish balls.”
【答案】65．(l)onely
66．(h)anded
67．(i)f
68．(s)eldom
69．(s)orry
70．(t)ears
71．(A)fter
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者跟妈妈吵架了，通过在公园和另一个小女孩的交谈，感悟到母爱，跑回家向母亲道歉。
65．句意：我感到有点孤独。根据“Shall we play together”女孩邀请作者一起玩，可知作者一个人在那里感到孤独，根据首字母提示可知用形容词“lonely”作表语。故填(l)onely。
66．句意：我同意了，她甜美地微笑，递给我球。根据“Shall we play together”及“A little girl came toward me with a ball in her hands”女孩手里拿着球，女孩邀请作者一起玩球，作者同意了。可知此处表达把球递给作者。根据首字母提示可知用动词“hand”。句子是一般过去时，用过去式“handed”。故填(h)anded。
67．句意：如果你现在需要回家也是可以的。根据“you need to go home now”及首字母提示，可知表达条件“如果你需要回家”，用连词“if”引导从句。故填(i)f。
68．句意：她是我的母亲，虽然她很少关心她的女儿。动词短语“cares for”前用频度副词修饰，根据前文“My mom is selling candied fruit outside the park. She hardly takes care of me” 及首字母提示，可知表达“很少关心她的女儿”，用副词“seldom”。故填(s)eldom。
69．句意：我应该听她的话，和妈妈道歉？根据前文“I had a terrible argument with my mom”及“A 5-year old girl taught me to love and believe in my mom”可知，表达作者听了女孩的话之后，为了和母亲吵架而感到后悔，觉得应该和妈妈道歉，用短语“say sorry to sb.”。故填(s)orry。
70．句意：打开门的时候，我看到妈妈都要流泪了。介词“to”后面缺宾语。根据“Where have you been? I looked for you everywhere”可知妈妈很焦急地到处找作者，根据首字母提示可知表达要流泪了，用复数名词“tears”。故填(t)ears。
71．句意：洗澡之后，我听到妈妈在我房间外面大叫：“吃晚饭了。如果你想吃一些鱼丸的话就出来。”根据“taking a shower, I heard her shouting”可知是时间顺序，讲述洗完澡之后听到妈妈的叫声，用介词“after”。句首首字母大写。故填(A)fter。


A
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t 1 away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste, many c 2 in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t 3 in need. Shanghai Oasis opened China’s first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h 4 760,000 people.
Many fruits and v 5 go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l 6 . So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j 7 as good as “normal” food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to o 8 dishes by using the “N-1”formula. “N” s 9 for the number of people in your group. So if you’re in a group of s 10 people, you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【答案】
1．(t)hrow
2．(c)ountries
3．(t)hose
4．(h)elped
5．(v)egetables
6．(l)ooks
7．(j)ust
8．(o)rder
9．(s)tands
10．(s)ix
【分析】
本文主要介绍了为了减少食物浪费的方法：许多国家都用食物银行来储存多余的食物；建议购买外观不好看的蔬菜和水果；中国饭店采用“N-1”公式点餐。
1．句意：当一些人扔掉不想要的食物时，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺。根据“unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.”可知，此处指“扔掉”，用固定短语throw away表示，此处是陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为you，动词用原形。故填(t)hrow。
2．句意：为了减少食物浪费，世界上像德国和法国一样的许多国家都有食物银行。根据“like German and France ”及首字母可知，此处指“国家”，用country表示，可数名词，many后跟可数名词复数，故填(c)ountries。
3．句意：人们和杂货店可以给他们额外的食物，他们可以把食物给那些需要的人。根据“...in need”可知，此处指那些需要的人，结合首字母可知，用代词those指代。故填(t)hose。
4．句意：在五年内，它节省了700万吨粮食，帮助了76万人。根据“it saved seven million tons of food and ... 760,000 people.”结合短文和首字母可知，食物银行是为了帮助那些食物短缺的人，help符合语境。由saved可知，此处用动词的过去式。故填(h)elped。
5．句意：许多水果和蔬菜被浪费，因为它们看起来很丑。根据下文“25 to 30 percent of carrots”和首字母v可知，此处指“vegetable蔬菜”，根据many fruits可知，此处用复数表示种类。故填(v)egetables。
6．句意：例如，大约25%到30%的胡萝卜因为长得不好看而无法进入商店。根据“because they look ugly”可知，此处指“因为外形丑而无法进入商店”，look“外观”符合语境，由their可知，此处用复数。故填(l)ooks。
7．句意：所以下次尽量买难看的食物，因为它和“正常”食物一样好。根据语境和首字母提示可知，此处指和“正常”食物一样好，just as good as...表示“和……同样好”。故填(j)ust。
8．句意：许多中餐馆告诉人们用“N-1”公式点菜。根据“restaurants are telling people to...dishes ”可知，此处指点餐，order符合语境，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，故填(o)rder。
9．句意：“N”代表你们的人数。stand for“代表”符合语境，主语“N”表示第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填(s)tands。
10．句意：所以如果你们六个人，你应该点五道菜。根据“N-1”和“you should order five dishes”可知，此处指六个人，six“六”。故填(s)ix。
B
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark. But the woman has become an environmentalist on her o 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people from around the world h 12 for it to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow. Twelve-year-old Susan and three of her friends formed a group. They raised money to travel to Rio to a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state of the environment w 14 her a lot. “You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer (臭氧层). You don’t know how to bring back forests that once g 15 where there is now desert. If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began to lead “two lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schoolchild. But during her vacations, she s 18 internationally about the environment.
Now, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech. Although many of the world’s environmental problems have only become w 19 , Susan does agree that some things are different now. More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
“Thirty years ago, I was fighting for my tomorrow. Now, I am fighting for the f 20 of my sons,” says Susan, now a mother of two, who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
【答案】
11．(o)wn
12．(h)eaded
13．(a)ttend
14．(w)orried
15．(g)rew
16．(b)reaking
17．(t)ypical
18．(s)poke
19．(w)orse
20．(f)uture
【分析】
本文主要讲述了苏珊如何凭借自己的力量成为一名环保主义者的事迹。
11．句意：但这位女士凭借自己的力量成为了一名环保主义者。由前句和句中转折连词“But”可知，此句是说这位女士依靠自己成了一名环保主义者。on one’s own独自，为固定短语，故填(o)wn。
12．句意：来自世界各地的成千上万的人前往大会，讨论地球的明天。句中“it”指代联合国地球峰会，由句中“to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow”可知，此句是说很多人前往大会。head做动词时，意为“使向……进行”，head for前往，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(h)eaded。
13．句意：他们筹钱到里约热内卢去参加峰会。由句中“to”和“the summit”可知，这里是说参加峰会。attend参加，出席，动词，句中用动词不定式作目的状语，此处用原形，故填(a)ttend。
14．句意：在峰会上，苏珊说环境状况让她很担心。下文说的是苏珊担心的事情，所以此句是说环境状况让她担心。worry使……担心，此句叙述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，故填(w)orried。
15．句意：你不知道如何恢复曾经生长在沙漠里的森林。由句中“forest that once”和“where there is now desert”可知，此句是说曾经长在沙漠里的森林。grow生长，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(g)rew。
16．句意：如果你不知道如何修复地球，请停止破坏它！由前半句“If you don't know how to fix the Earth”可知，此句是说停止破坏它。break破坏，动词，stop doing sth.停止做某事，故填(b)reaking。
17．句意：在平常的日子里，她还是个小学生。由后句“But during her vacations”可知，此句是说在平常的日子里。typical代表性的，典型的，形容词，故填(t)ypical。
18．句意：但在休假期间，她在国际上谈论了环境问题。阅读短文可知，苏珊过两种生活，在平常的日子里是学生，在假期时，她就环境问题发表国际性讲话。speak讲话，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(s)poke。
19．句意：尽管世界上的许多环境问题只会变得更糟，但苏珊确实同意有些事情现在已经不同了。although引导的是让步状语从句，结合所给首字母“w”可知，此句是说许多环境问题变得更糟了。worse更糟糕的，为形容词的比较级，故填(w)orse。
20．句意：现在，我正在为我儿子的未来而奋斗，”苏珊说，她现在是两个孩子的母亲，她一直在呼吁人们关注气候变化。由句中“fighting for”和“of my sons”可知，此句是说为了孩子们的未来而奋斗。future未来，名词，the future of……的未来，故填(f)uture。
C
（2021·天津中考真题）
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 21 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 22 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p 23 because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 24 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 25 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 26 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 27 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 28 .
Many people are not p 29 with it. The government and car makers are w 30 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【答案】
21．(e)xpensive
22．(W)hen
23．(p)opular
24．(c)aused
25．(e)ither
26．(m)ethod
27．(d)own
28．(j)ourneys
29．(p)leased
30．(w)orking
【分析】
文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
21．句意：在那个时候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
22．句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
23．句意：相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
24．句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
25．句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
26．句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
27．句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
28．句意：这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
29．句意：很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
30．句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
D
（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special form of t 31 Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（挡住）your view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w 32 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake. The best e 33 is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an i 34 role in the design of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as important to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i 35 Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.
G 36 in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the method of “borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）” to create a sense of s 37 . A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor. The whole garden will be s 38 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden a 39 serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p 40 .
Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
【答案】
31．(t)raditional
32．(w)hen
33．(e)xample
34．(i)mportant
35．(i)ts
36．(G)ardens
37．(s)pace
38．(s)een
39．(a)lso
40．(p)ool
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。
31．句意：中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一种特殊形式。根据“Chinese gardens are a special form of t…Chinese culture and art.”和常识可知，“传统的”符合语境，作定语修饰Chinese culture and art，故填(t)raditional。
32．句意：这是为了给你一种紧张的感觉，以便之后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。分析“This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w…you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake.”可知，“当……时”符合语境，用when引导时间状语从句，故填(w)hen。
33．句意：最好的例子就是颐和园。分析“The best e…is the Summer Palace.”可知，“例子”符合语境，此前有the best修饰，使用名词单数，故填(e)xample。
34．句意：岩层在中式园林的设计中起着重要的作用。分析“Rock formations play an i… role in the design of a Chinese-style garden.”可知，“重要的”符合语境，play an important role“起到重要作用”，故填(i)mportant。
35．句意：扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。分析“Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i…Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.”可知，此处指“Ge Garden”，用it代替，作定语修饰“Four Seasons Rockeries”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填(i)ts。
36．句意：南方的花园大多是小的。根据“G…in the south are mostly small in size.”和全文描述可知，“花园”符合语境，根据“are”可知，应用名词复数，故填(G)ardens。
37．句意：中国园林设计师采用“借镜取景”的方法来营造一种空间感。分析“Chinese garden designers have used the method of ‘borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）’ to create a sense of s…”可知，是营造空间感，a sense of space“一种空间感”，故填(s)pace。
38．句意：无论游客在哪里，整个花园都能映入镜子。根据“The whole garden will be s…in the mirror wherever the visitors are.”可知，“看到”符合语境，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，will be done一般将来时的被动语态，故填(s)een。
39．句意：花园里的水池或湖泊也可以起到这个作用。根据前文和“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，此处表示“也”，用于句中，故填(a)lso。
40．句意：在假山的东面，有一个人造的月亮映在水池里。根据前文“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，“池塘”符合语境，根据“a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p…”可知，此处特指表单数，故填(p)ool。
E
（2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题）
Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 41 papermaking. This zhi was made o 42 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 43 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.
He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 44 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 45 Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）. Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
【答案】
41．(i)nvented
42．(o)f
43．(a)fford
44．(k)inds
45．(t)raditional
【分析】
文章大意：本文讲述了纸的发展历史。2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。1900年前，蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。后来，中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，并由丝绸之路传播到西方。
41．句意：2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。根据上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese invention.”结合“2, 000 years ago, Chinese people … papermaking.”及首字母提示，可知2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。invent“发明”，动词，句子时态是一般过去时，故填(i)nvented。
42．句意：这种纸是用丝绸制成的，非常昂贵。根据“This zhi was made … silk and was very expensive.”结合首字母提示，可知此处考查固定词组be made of“由……制成”，故填(o)f。
43．句意：只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用。根据上文“was very expensive.”结合“Only the emperor and rich people could … to use it.”及首字母提示，可知纸非常昂贵，只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用，afford“买得起、负担得起”，动词，前面有情态动词could，因此这里用动词原形，故填(a)fford。
44．句意：中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸。根据“and many different … of zhi were made by Chinese people.”结合语境及首字母提示，可知中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，different kinds of “不同种类的”，故填(k)inds。
45．句意：宣纸是一种高质量的蒲草纸，最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据“Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper,”结合“best shows the charm of … Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示，可知宣纸最能体现中国传统书画的魅力，“传统的”traditional ，形容词，符合题意，故填(t)raditional。
F（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）
Fill in each blank with a proper word with the help of the given letter.
Have you ever imagined t 1 to other countries without your paper passport? In the f 2 , there will be a new kind of passport called the “cloud passport” and it will come into your d 3 life someday. Your paper passport will become history.
The cloud passport will have your name, photos and so on. It is easy f 4 you to check them on the computer.
If you take a paper passport with you, you might lose it. H 5 , with the cloud passport, you don’t have to worry about that. Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea?
【答案】
1．(t)ravelled/(t)raveled
2．(f)uture
3．(d)aily
4．(f)or
5．(H)owever
【分析】
本文主要介绍了未来的一种新型护照，以及它的便利之处。
1．句意：你曾经想象过不用纸质护照去其他国家旅行吗？根据“to other countries without your paper passport”及首字母，可知，此处指到其他国家旅行，travel表示“旅行”，助动词have与过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填(t)ravelled/(t)raveled。
2．句意：在未来，将会有一种新的护照叫做“云护照”。固定搭配：in the future“在未来”，故填(f)uture。
3．句意：总有一天它会进入你的日常生活。此空缺少形容词修饰名词life，结合首字母d可推断，此空应填daily表示“日常的”，故填(d)aily。
4．句意：对你来说，在电脑上查这些资料很容易。固定句式：it is+形容词+for sb to do sth“对某人来说，做某事是……”，故填(f)or。
5．句意：然而，有了云护照，你就不用担心这些了。“If you take a paper passport with you, you might lose it”与“with the cloud passport, you don’t have to worry about that”是转折关系，结合首字母可知，此空填however“然而”，故填(H)owever。
G（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容及首字母提示, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
The smell of popcorn was in the air. I could hear kids laughing and shouting. People were everywhere!
My family and I walked around the amusement park, getting snacks and going on rides. I loved almost all types of rides. The o 6 rides that I didn’t like were rides that turn you upside-down. But my elder sister, Laura, loved them. When we finally were near a ride that went upside-down, she started asking me to go with her. I told her I didn’t like those rides, but she kept asking b 7 she really didn’t want to go alone. I was feeling sympathy (同情)for her, so I started thinking that maybe I s 8 go with her, even though I really don’t like to go upside-down. I turned to my parents for h 9 .
“Matt, you are allowed to stand up for yourself. If something makes you feel really uncomfortable, you can tell people n 10 . It’s OK to tell Laura that you love her, b 11 that you can’t go with her because going upside-down makes you uncomfortable. Be strong but kind when you tell her, so that she will k 12 you’re serious. ” Mom said.
“I don’t want to make Laura mad or sad,” I replied to Mom, “and I don’t want her to think I’m being mean. ”
“There’s a d 13 between being aggressive (有攻击性的)and being assertive(坚决主张的). Saying ‘no’ doesn’t mean you are willing to hurt her feelings. You’re just listening to your own feelings to make sure you stay safe.” Mom answered. “The s 14 goes for Laura. If you ask her to arm wrestle (角力)and she doesn’t feel comfortable, she’s allowed to say ‘no’, too. We are all allowed to stand up for ourselves.”
“Thanks, Mom.” I said. I told Laura that I love her and like to do things with her, but that the upside-down rides make me uncomfortable because they scare me. She was sad, but went on the ride by h 15 and was really happy when it was over. We had a great rest of the day at the amusement park!
【答案】
6．(o)nly
7．(b)ecause
8．(s)hould
9．(h)elp
10．(n)o
11．(b)ut
12．(k)now
13．(d)ifference
14．(s)ame
15．(h)erself
【分析】
本文主要讲述了作者和家人去游乐场玩时，姐姐Laura想让作者陪她去玩一个娱乐项目，但是作者不喜欢这个，妈妈告诉作者如果这件事让自己不舒服，可以跟对方说“不”，最后作者遵循了自己内心的想法，拒绝了Laura的请求。
6．句意：我唯一不喜欢的是那些把你翻个底朝天的东西。根据“I loved almost all types of rides”及首字母，可知，大部分都喜欢，唯一不喜欢的就是翻个底朝天的那种，only表示“唯一的”符合，故填(o)nly。
7．句意：但她一直在问，因为她真的不想一个人去。“but she kept asking”与“she really didn’t want to go alone”是因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句，故填(b)ecause。
8．句意：所以我开始想也许我应该和她一起去。在Laura百般的请求下，作者觉得自己应该和她一起去，情态动词should表示“应该”，故填(s)hould。
9．句意：我向父母求助。作者不喜欢去玩这个，但是Laura一直在求她，所以她向父母求助，turn to sb for help“向某人求助”，故填(h)elp。
10．句意：如果某件事让你感到非常不舒服，你可以对别人说不。根据“ If something makes you feel really uncomfortable”及首字母，可知，如果自己感觉不舒服，可以对别人说“不”，故填(n)o。
11．句意：你可以告诉Laura你爱她，但你不能和她一起去，因为上下颠倒会让你不舒服。“tell Laura that you love her”与“that you can’t go with her because going upside-down makes you uncomfortable”是转折关系，故填(b)ut。
12．句意：这样她就会知道你是认真的。根据“Be strong but kind when you tell her”可知，坚决但友善地告诉对方自己的想法，让对方知道自己是认真的，know“知道”符合，will后接动词原形，故填(k)now。
13．句意：咄咄逼人和坚决主张是有区别的。根据“There’s a … between being aggressive (有攻击性的)and being assertive”及首字母，可知，妈妈向她解释在这两种之间还是有不同之处的，difference“差异”符合，故填(d)ifference。
14．句意：Laura也是如此。根据“If you ask her to arm wrestle (角力)and she doesn’t feel comfortable, she’s allowed to say ‘no’, too”可知，对于Laura也是一样的，same“同样的”符合，故填(s)ame。
15．句意：她很伤心，但还是自己去了。根据“She was sad, but went on the ride”可知，虽然对于作者不能陪她一起去感到难过，但她还是自己去了，by oneself表示“独自”，根据主语she可知，此空应填反身代词herself，故填(h)erself。

A（2022·上海嘉定·一模）
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)。
On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts who are working aboard the Tiangong Space Station, gave a lecture above Earth and showed millions of students their life there. They also did some fun s____1____ experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity (重力). But in space, our bones and muscles don’t need to s____2____ our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It is said that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too w____3____ to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. It can keep their muscles strong.
Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill (跑步机) and rode a bicycle. Astronauts usually e____4____ with these tools every day to keep their body strong.
Space water is different
During another experiment, Wang made a water film (膜). Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. But this can n____5____ happen on Earth. Why?
We need to first u____6____ the surface tension (表面张力) of water. Surface tension is like a “skin” of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules (分子) are drawn to each other. One example on the Earth is that some bugs (昆虫) can “walk on water”. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays much stronger and the water ball will not b____7____.
Space water is different in many other ways from that on Earth. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. If astronauts cry, the tears will not fall down. They have to wipe them away!
【答案】1．(s)cience##(s)cientific##(s)pace##(s)urprising##(s)pecial
2．(s)upport
3．(w)eak
4．(e)xercise
5．(n)ever##(n)ot
6．(u)nderstand
7．(b)reak##(b)urst
【分析】本文是新闻通讯，短文介绍了三名在天宫空间站工作的中国宇航员，在地球上向数百万学生展示了一些有趣的科学实验。
1．句意：他们还做了一些有趣的科学实验。设空处修饰名词experiments，根据上文“On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts who are working aboard the Tiangong Space Station, gave a lecture above Earth and showed millions of students their life there”和首字母提示，可知，可以是科学实验，也可以是太空实验，或者特别的实验，令人惊讶的实验；science“科学”/scientific“科学的”/space“太空”/surprising“令人惊讶的”/special“特别的”符合语境，故填(s)cience/(s)cientific/(s)pace/(s)urprising/(s)pecial。
2．句意：但在太空中，我们的骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑我们的体重。but表转折，根据上文“The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity”和首字母提示，可知是说在失重状态下骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑宇航员的体重，support“支撑”符合语境；not need to do表示“不需要做某事”，是固定结构，故填(s)upport。
3．句意：这对宇航员来说很危险，因为他们太虚弱了，无法工作。too…to…表示“太……而不能”，too修饰形容词或副词，是固定结构；根据上文“It is said that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks”和首字母提示，可知宇航员失去20%的肌肉会导致身体虚弱，weak“虚弱的”符合语境，故填(w)eak。
4．句意：宇航员通常每天用这些工具锻炼以保持身体强壮。本句缺谓语动词，根据下文“to keep their body strong”和首字母提示，可知是用这些工具锻炼，exercise“锻炼”符合语境；结合“every day”可知，本句陈述事实用一般现在时，Astronauts是复数人称，动词需用原形。故填(e)xercise。
5．句意：但这在地球上是不可能发生的。but表转折，根据上文“Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball”和首字母提示，可知本句是否定意义，是说在地球上不可能发生这种事，never和not都表否定，故填(n)ever##(n)ot。
6．句意：我们首先需要了解水的表面张力。根据题干“We need to first…the surface tension of water”和首字母提示，可知是说要了解水的表面张力，understand“理解”符合语境；need to do“想要做某事”是固定结构，故填(u)nderstand。
7．句意：但在太空中失重的情况下，“皮肤”会更坚固，水球也不会破裂。but表转折，根据上文“Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the ‘skin’”和首字母提示，可知是说失重状态下水球不会破裂，break和burst都可表示“爆裂”，符合语境；助动词will后接原形动词，故填(b)reak##(b)urst。
B（2022·上海金山·一模）
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词, 首字母已给。）
While most people think the Chinese New Year’s celebration goes on for only one day, by c____8____ it is a fifteen-day celebration, and some of these days have their own festivals. The most important of these is the Lantern Festival.
It’s not really clear how the Lantern Festival s____9____. What is known is that the festival is over 2,000 years old. In one old s____10____, an emperor ordered people to light lanterns to honor Buddha. Much later, people began to carry around red paper lanterns with riddles on them. In many cities, people come t____11____ in parks with their lanterns, and it is a game to walk around and try to solve each other’s riddles.
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907）, the festival became so important that it went on for three days. Everyone was allowed to join in the fun, even single women could get out of the house at night. For this r____12____, the festival became linked with dating and love.
During the Lantern Festival, many people eat tangyuan or yuanxiao. In fact, eating yuanxiao is so popular that another name for the Lantern Festival is the Yuanxiao Festival. Tangyuan and yuanxiao are very s____13____, and some people even say they are the same food. Both are dumplings made of rice flour. Some are sweet and some are salty. These foods are most often eaten at home with the family on the day of the Lantern Festival. Of course, an important part of the Lantern Festival is the lanterns t____14____. Some cities try to have the largest, most beautiful lanterns around, of all different kinds of shapes and sizes. During this time of year, you can see streets lined with lanterns and parks that are seas of lanterns, making everyone feel festive and happy.
【答案】8．(c)ustom
9．(s)tarted
10．(s)tory
11．(t)ogether
12．(r)eason
13．(s)imilar
14．(t)hemselves
【解析】本文介绍了中国的传统节日——元宵节。
8．句意：大多数人认为中国新年的庆祝仅持续一天，但按照惯例，这是一个为期十五天的庆祝活动。由语境可知，中国对于春节的庆祝为期15天，这是一个习俗。by custom意为“按照惯例，按照习俗”，故填(c)ustom。
9．句意：人们并不清楚元宵节是如何开始的。结合下一句“What is known is that the festival is over 2,000 years old.”及本段内容可知，本段在讲述有关元宵节开始的传说，start意为“开始”，应使用一般过去时，故填(s)tarted。
10．句意：在一个古老的故事里，一个皇帝命令人们点灯笼来拜佛。结合文中“an emperor ordered people to light lanterns to honor Buddha.”可知这是一个古老的传说故事，故填(s)tory。
11．句意：在许多城市，人们拿着灯笼相聚到公园。结合句意可知，此处表示人们拿着灯笼到公园中进行猜谜等游戏，come together意为“一起来，相聚到一起”，故填(t)ogether。
12．句意：由于这个原因，这个节日和约会与爱联系到了一起。结合句意可知，元宵节之所以和约会与爱联系到一起是由于这个原因，“for this reason”表示“因此，由于这个缘故”，故填(r)eason。
13．句意：汤圆和元宵是非常相似的。结合文中“some people even say they are the same food.”可知正是由于汤圆和元宵很相似，所以人们才会认为它们是同一种食物。故填(s)imilar。
14．句意：当然，灯节的一个重要部分是灯笼本身。此处强调lanterns，反身代词用于强调时常作主语或宾语的同位语，置于所强调的词后面。lanterns themselves表示灯笼本身，故填(t)hemselves。
C（2022·上海崇明·一模）
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
When Emily Cummins was four years old, her grandfather gave her a hammer. She loved using it, and started to learn how to make toys from old things that nobody used any more.
When she was a teenager, she was very c____15____ and always thought lot about making inventions to help other people. Emily’s grandfather had an illness. He had a lot of pain in his hands and fingers.
One day, Emily saw that he had t____16____ getting toothpaste (牙膏) out of the tube. She made an invention that helped him with this, and won the Young Engineer for Britain Award for her toothpaste dispenser.
A few years later, Emily learnt about the serious water shortage in some African countries. The women and children there often walk many kilometres a day to get water for their villages. They usually put the buckets on their heads. Therefore, they have to walk c____17____ so as not to spill (溅出) the water. Emily’s invention is a simple water carrier. It makes it possible for the women to transport up to five buckets each time. Besides, it is easy for them to r____18____ the water carrier when it is broken as it is made of wood.
Her latest project is a simple fridge that runs without electricity, but only needs the e____19____ that comes from the sun. There are now thousands of families in villages in Zambia, Namibia and South Africa who use it to keep milk, food and medicines cool.
Emily is now a young woman. She is the winner of several p____20____ for her inventions. She was named one of the world’s top ten young people.
Emily frequently visits schools and talks to teenagers. She wants to e____21____ them to come up with new ideas that make the world a better place. She wants to use her skills to make a difference.
【答案】15．(c)reative
16．(t)rouble
17．(c)arefully
18．(r)epair
19．(e)nergy
20．(p)rizes
21．(e)ncourage
【分析】本文是记叙文，短文讲述了“世界十大青年”人物艾米丽的创新故事。
15．句意：当她十几岁的时候，她很有创造力，总是想着发明来帮助别人。设空处作表语，根据下文“and always thought lot about making inventions to help other people”和首字母提示，可知是说艾米丽喜欢创新，creative“创造性的”符合语境，故填(c)reative。
16．句意：有一天，艾米丽发现他很难把牙膏从管子里取出来。have trouble doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，是固定短语，故填(t)rouble。
17．句意：因此，他们必须小心走路，以免把水洒出来。设空处修饰动词walk需用副词，根据下文“so as not to spill the water”和首字母提示，可知需小心谨慎，carefully“小心地”符合语境，故填(c)arefully。
18．句意：此外，当水车坏了，她们很容易修理，因为它是木制的。本句是固定句型“It is +形容词+ for sb. +不定式短语”结构，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正主语；根据下文“when it is broken ”和首字母提示，可知是说修理水车，repair“修理”符合语境，故填(r)epair。
19．句意：她的最新项目是一个简单的冰箱，无需电力，只是需要来自太阳的能量。定冠词the后接名词，根据上下文“that runs without electricity, but only needs the…that comes from the sun”和首字母提示，可知需要来自太阳的能量，energy表示“能源”，是不可数名词，符合语境，故填(e)nergy。
20．句意：她的发明使她获得了好几项大奖。根据题干“She is the winner of several…for her inventions”和首字母提示，可知是说艾米丽得了几项大奖，prize“奖赏”符合语境；由several可知用复数形式，故填(p)rizes。
21．句意：她想鼓励他们提出新的想法，让世界变得更美好。根据上下文“Emily frequently visits schools and talks to teenagers…to come up with new ideas”和首字母提示，可知艾米丽鼓励他们创新，encourage“鼓励”符合语境；want to do sth.“想要做某事”是固定结构，故填(e)ncourage。
D（2022·上海静安·一模）
I was cycling and saw a person about 250 meters ahead of me. I could tell I was cycling a little f__22__ than him. I decided to catch up with him. I had about a kilometre to go on the road before turning off.
I started cycling more and more quickly. After a while, I was o__23__ about 100 metres behind him, so I really sped up and tried my best.
Finally, I passed him. On the inside, I felt so d__24__. I defeated him! But he didn’t know we were racing.
After I passed him, I felt so happy and rode on. Soon I found that I had missed my turn and had to r__25__.
Isn’t that what happens in life when we compete with others, trying to outdo them or trying to show that we are more s__26__ or more important? We think it is an exciting moment, so we spend our time and e__27__ running after them and miss out on our own paths.
The problem with an unhealthy race is that it’s a never ending cycle. There will always be s__28__ ahead of you in one way or another. What you should do is just run your own race and wish others well.
Wherever you go, no matter what the weather is, always bring your own sunshine.
【答案】22．(f)aster
23．(o)nly
24．(d)elighted
25．(r)eturn
26．(s)uccessful
27．(e)nergy
28．(s)omebody##(s)omeone
【分析】本文通过介绍作者自己的亲身经历，告诉我们没有必要总是打败别人的道理。
22．句意：我看得出来我骑车比他快一点。由句中的“than”可知，此处使用比较级；根据下文“I decided to catch up with him.我决定追上他。”可知，我要想追上前方那个人，就得比他骑快点。fast“快速地”，其比较级为faster“较快地”。故填(f)aster。
23．句意：过了一会儿，我离他只有100米远了，所以我加快了速度，尽了最大努力。根据下文“sped up and tried my best”可知，我加速了，与他的距离缩短了，距离他仅仅有100米。故填(o)nly。
24．句意：在内心，我感到如此高兴。根据后文“I defeated him!”可知，作者打败了他，内心愉悦。故填(d)elighted。
25．句意：很快，我发现我已经错过了我的路口，不得不折返回去。根据文中“missed my turn”可知作者为了超越前面的人而错过了路口，不得不往回走。故填(r)eturn。
26．句意：当我们和别人竞争时，努力去超过别人或展示我们比别人更加成功、更加重要时，这种情景难道不是发生在我们生活中吗？结合本句中“outdo them”以及“more important”，可知与之并列的为“more successful”，故填(s)uccessful。
27．句意：我们花费时间和精力追逐他们，结果却错过了自己的路。句中“spend”意为花费，需要加时间或精力作宾语，故填(e)nergy。
28．句意：在你前面的一条路或其他路上，总会有某人领先于你。结合文中“What you should do is just run your own race and wish others well.”可知，走好自己的路，也祝福别人。故填(s)omebody或(s)omeone。
E（2022·上海黄浦·一模）
在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给。
If you had to describe yourself to someone else, what would you say? It can be difficult to see yourself from the o____29____, but being aware of who you are can help you understand emotions and strengthen friendships.
Self-awareness means tuning into your thoughts, feelings and behaviour, and understanding how they can a____30____other people. If you’re self-aware, you may know that you love playing an instrument because you’re good at it, and music makes you happy. Dr Tasha Eurich describes self-awareness as “an ability” to see ourselves c____31____, to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.
Knowing what you like and dislike, what you’re good at and what you find difficult a____32____ you to make better decisions about friendships, schoolwork and even which films to watch. You learn to trust your own feelings more, which builds c____33____. The world Health Organisation says self-awareness is one of 10 important life s____34____ that help young people lead happier, healthier lives. Being self-aware doesn’t mean only thinking of yourself. By understanding your own feelings, you have more respect for other people too.
A good way to learn about anything is to ask questions. Dr. Eurich s____35____ asking yourself questions that start with “What” instead of “Why”. So if you don’t understand why you keep arguing with a friend, ask yourself what you disagree instead of why you’re arguing.
【答案】29．(o)utside
30．(a)ffect
31．(c)learly
32．(a)llow
33．(c)onfidence
34．(s)kills
35．(s)uggests
【分析】本文主要介绍了自我意识的概念以及拥有自我意识的重要性。
29．句意：从外部看自己可能很难，但了解自己可以帮助你理解情绪，增进友谊。but表示转折，根据“but being aware of who you are can help you understand emotions and strengthen friendships.”以及结合首字母o可知，此处指“从外面”。故填(o)utside。
30．句意：自我意识意味着调整你的想法、感受和行为，并理解它们如何影响他人。根据“…other people”以及结合首字母a可知，此处指“影响他人”。故填(a)ffect。
31．句意：Tasha Eurich博士将自我意识描述为清楚地认识自己的能力，了解我们是谁，别人如何看待我们，以及我们如何融入这个世界。根据“see ourselves…”可知，此空需要填一个副词修饰动词see，结合单词首字母c可知，应该是clearly“清楚地”。故填(c)learly。
32．句意：知道你喜欢什么，不喜欢什么，你擅长什么，你发现什么困难，让你在友谊，学业，甚至是看什么电影上做出更好的决定。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填(a)llow。
33．句意：你要学会更多地相信自己的感觉，这样才能建立信心。根据“You learn to trust your own feelings more,”可知，更多地相信自己的感觉可以建立信心。故填(c)onfidence。
34．句意：世界卫生组织表示，自我意识是帮助年轻人过上更幸福、更健康生活的十大重要生活技能之一。根据“self-awareness”及结合首字母s可知，自我意识是一项生活技能。skill“技能”，one of后接可数名词复数。故填(s)kills。
35．句意：Eurich建议用“什么”而不是“为什么”开始问自己问题。根据“A good way to learn about anything is to ask questions.”以及“asking yourself questions that start with “What” instead of “Why””可知，这是Eurich的建议，suggest“建议”，本文时态为一般现在时，主语Eurich为第三人称单数，故填(s)uggests。
F（2022·上海青浦·一模）
Beethoven(贝多芬)is famous for his nine symphonies(交响乐). Before he died, he began a new symphony, but never f____36____ it. Computer scientists and musicians have now used artificial intelligence(AI人工智能)to complete his 10th Symphony.
Beethoven was born over 250 years ago, yet his music is still played daily around the world. Beethoven wrote many famous pieces of music, especially his nine symphonies. When Beethoven died in 1827, he had some ideas for a 10th Symphony. But all that he left b____37____ were some notes about the piece and a few “sketches”-short bits of written music.
In 2019, a special team of musicians, computer scientists, and historians was formed. Their g____38____ is to try to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday. The team didn’t just want to complete the symphony, they wanted to come as close as possible to producing the symphony that Beethoven meant to write. That’s where AI came in.
To t____39____ an AI to help with the symphony, the team turned every piece of music that Beethoven ever wrote into a form the computer could understand. In this way, the AI could look for patterns in the way Beethoven wrote.
Other members of the team studied Beethoven’s notes and sketches, and worked to figure out what Beethoven was p____40____ to do.
One early test told the team they were on the r____41____ track. They took a few minutes of music created by the AI based on Beethoven’s sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts the AI made up.
It took the team over two years to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony. Recently, it was performed for the first rime ever by the Beethoven Orchestra in Bonn, Germany.
So Beethoven now has a 10th Symphony. And t____42____ Beethoven didn’t write it all, the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written.
【答案】36．(f)inished
37．(b)ehind
38．(g)oal
39．(t)rain##(t)each
40．(p)lanning##(p)reparing
41．(r)ight
42．(t)hough
【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了著名的音乐家贝多芬在他去世之前，他开始了一部新的交响乐，但从未完成过。计算机科学家和音乐家通过人工智能想完成他的第十交响曲。
36．句意：在他去世之前，他开始了一部新的交响乐，但从未完成。根据“Before he died, he began a new symphony,”及下文but转折连词，可知此处是“但从未完成”，整篇短文是过去时态，finish“完成”，是动词，过去式是finished，故填(f)inished。
37．句意：但他留下的只是一些关于这首曲子的笔记和一些“草图”——些短小的书面音乐。根据“were some notes about the piece and a few “sketches”-short bits of written music.”可知，此处是“但他留下的所有”，短语leave behind“留下”，故填(b)ehind。
38．句意：他们的目标是完成贝多芬的第十交响曲，以庆祝他的250岁生日。根据“to try to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday.”可知，此处是“他们的目标是……”，their是形容词性物主代词，后加名词，goal“目标”，是名词，谓语动词是单数is，主语应为单数，故填(g)oal。
39．句意：为了训练/教授人工智能帮助创作交响乐，该团队将贝多芬创作的每一首音乐都转换成计算机可以理解的形式。to是动词不定式，后加动词原形，根据“an AI to help with the symphony”可知，此处是训练/教授人工智能，短语train/teach sb. to do sth.“训练/教授某人做某事”，train“训练”，是动词；teach“教”，是动词，故填(t)rain/(t)each。
40．句意：团队中的其他成员研究了贝多芬的笔记和草图，并努力找出贝多芬正在计划/准备做什么。根据语境知是过去进行时，其结构是was doing的形式，根据“and worked to figure out”可知，此处是“并努力找出贝多芬正在计划/准备做什么”，plan“计划”，是动词，现在分词是planning；prepare“准备”，是动词，现在分词是preparing，故填(p)lanning/(p)reparing。
41．句意：一个早期测试告诉团队他们在正确的轨道上。根据“They took a few minutes of music created by the AI based on Beethoven’s sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters.”可知，他们在正确的轨道上，track是名词，空前用形容词修饰，right“正确的”，是形容词，故填(r)ight。
42．句意：虽然贝多芬并没有写下所有的作品，但团队确信这首音乐与他可能写的非常相似。根据“the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written.”可知，此处是让步状语从句，though“虽然”，是连词，引导让步状语从句，故填(t)hough。
G（2022·上海虹口·一模）
Bruce Lee(1940-1973 ), the greatest action movie star of all time, should be given a lifetime achievement award for his work in the movies. U____43____, Bruce died tragically in 1973, so he wouldn’t be able to receive the award himself, but his f____44____ all over the world would love to see him honored.
Why was Bruce Lee so great? The fight scenes in his films are a____45____ and Bruce was always in top physical condition. His body was almost perfect. He was also a great actor. He s____46____ acting when he was just six years old. He was very comfortable and n____47____ in front of the camera. His face was very expressive. Therefore, he was able to communicate a lot of feeling with a simple look. Bruce Lee was a talented actor, a brilliant fighter, and an almost perfect example of physical fitness. His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new l____48____ of popularity. His films also i____49____ kung fu to millions of people in the West. He should receive an award that recognizes his great contribution(贡献) to the art of film making.
【答案】43．(U)nluckily##(U)nfortunately
44．(f)ans##(f)ollowers
45．(a)mazing
46．(s)tarted
47．(n)atural
48．(l)evel
49．(i)ntroduced
【分析】本文主要介绍了李小龙的生平基本情况。
43．句意：不幸的是，李小龙于1973年不幸去世。根据“Bruce died tragically in 1973”结合单词首字母可知此处是指不幸运地，unluckily和unfortunately都表示“不幸运地”，是副词，修饰整个句子，故填(U)nluckily/(U)nfortunately。
44．句意：因此，他本人无法获得该奖项，但全世界的追随者都希望看到他获得荣誉。根据“so he wouldn’t be able to receive the award himself, but his...all over the world would love to see him honored.”可知此处是指他的追随者或者是粉丝。follower“追随者”，fan“粉丝，迷”，都是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式，故填(f)ans/(f)ollowers
45．句意：他电影中的打斗场面令人惊叹。根据“hy was Bruce Lee so great? The fight scenes in his films are...”结合单词首字母可知此处是指打斗场面令人惊叹。amazing“令人惊奇的”，是形容词，故填(a)mazing。
46．句意：他六岁时就开始演戏了。根据“He...acting when he was just six years old”结合单词首字母可知此处是指他六岁就开始演戏，start“开始”，是动词，结合语境可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(s)tarted。
47．句意：他在镜头前表现得非常自在和自然。根据“He was very comfortable and...in front of the camera. His face was very expressive.”结合单词首字母可知此处是指他在镜头前很自然，natura“自然的”，是形容词，故填(n)atural。
48．句意：他的电影将香港传统功夫片的受欢迎程度提升到了一个新的高度。根据“His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new...of popularity”结合单词首字母可知此处是指他的电影将香港传统功夫片的受欢迎程度提升到了一个新的水平。level“水平，高度”，是可数名词，前面有a修饰，名词用原形，故填(l)evel。
49．句意：他的电影也将功夫介绍给了数百万西方人。根据“His films also...kung fu to millions of people in the West”结合单词首字母可知此处是指电影也将功夫介绍给了数百万西方人，introduce“介绍”，是动词，结合语境可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(i)ntroduced。
H（2022·上海浦东新·一模)
Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy who works hard in school and gets good grades. It is hard to b____50____ that he used to be a “problem child” until a conversation with his parents influenced his way of thinking. Li Wen lives in the Sichuan countryside. As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him. H____51____, after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult. He had to move in with his grandmother.
Li Wen began to cause problems for himself and his family. He was no longer interested in studying. He was o____52____ absent from classes, and he failed his examinations. Finally, his parents made a decision to send him to a boarding school. Li Wen no longer lived with his grandmother. He studied, ate and s____53____ at the school, and he hated it. There were so many rules, and he used to keep breaking them. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Li Wen was wasting his time.
The head teacher advised his parents to talk with their son in person. His parents took a 40-hour train ride and a five-hour b____54____ ride to go back to their hometown. To Li Wen’s surprise, their conversation changed his life. “It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “My parents helped me to u____55____ how much they had given me. They also told me that even though they couldn’t be there to take care of me, they were always thinking of me and would take pride in everything good that I did. That’s when I decided to change. I realized that since my parents moved away, I’ve been afraid of being a____56____, and have tried to make my parents pay more attention to me.”
Now Li Wen has really changed. He has been working hard and is now one of the best students in his class. His parents’ love has made him feel good about himself. “It’s very important for parents to be there for their children,” Li Wen says.
【答案】50．(b)elieve
51．(H)owever
52．(o)ften
53．(s)lept
54．(b)us
55．(u)nderstand
56．(a)lone
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了李闻通过和父母的谈话由一个“问题儿童”变成了一个品学兼优的好学生的故事。
50．句意：很难相信他曾经是一个“问题儿童”，直到与父母的谈话影响了他的思维方式。根据空后的“he used to be a “problem child”可知，应该是很难相信他曾经是一个“问题儿童”，由空前的“to”可知，应该填的是动词原形believe“相信”，故填(b)elieve。
51．句意：然而，在他的父母搬到广州工作之后，男孩的生活变得很艰难。根据前文的“As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him”和后文的“after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult”可知，前后是转折关系，用however“然而”，首字母大写，故填(H)owever。
52．句意：他经常逃课。根据前文的“He was no longer interested in studying”并结合所给首字母可知，应该是他经常逃课，often意为“经常”，故填(o)ften。
53．句意：他在学校学习，吃饭和睡觉。根据前文的“his parents made a decision to send him to a boarding school”可知，应该是在学校学习，吃饭和睡觉，时态是一般过去时，用sleep“睡觉”的过去式slept，故填(s)lept。
54．句意：他的父母坐了40个小时的火车和5个小时的公共汽车回到他们的家乡。根据前文的“took a 40-hour train ride and a five-hour”并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是5个小时的公共汽车的车程，bus意为“公共汽车”，故填(b)us。
55．句意：我的父母帮助我了解他们给了我多少。根据空前的“My parents helped me to”和空后的“how much they had given me”并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是我的父母帮助我了解他们给了我多少，由空前的“to”可知，应该填动词原形understand“理解”，故填(u)nderstand。
56．句意：我一直害怕孤独。根据前文的“I realized that since my parents moved away”和后文的“and have tried to make my parents pay more attention to me”并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是“我”一直害怕孤独，形容词alone意为“孤独的”，故填(a)lone。