2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：动词的时态和语态

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：动词的时态和语态，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了目 录， 谓语构成，ago，last，与last 连用，yesterday，that等内容，欢迎下载使用。

他每天都来。他昨天来了. 他已经来了.他明天来. 汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.
He came yesterday.
He has cme.
He will cme tmrrw.
He cmes every day.
v. / v-s/es
have / has + dne
have/has been+ V-ing
am /is / are + V-ing
was / were + V-ing
定义: 一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态
1、 主语+be动词+其他2、主语+V原形+其他（d)3、主语+Vs\es+其他(des)
定义:动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。
1.动词 be2.动词 have, has3.助动词d, des4.行为动词用过去式
一般过去时以动词的过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化.(was,were除外)
I went t schl yesterday.They went t schl yesterday.
1.与ag 连用：a mmenttw minutesthree hursfive daysne weeksix mnthsfur years
timenightweekmnthtermMnday
mrningafternnevening
the day befre yesterday
3.与yesterday 连用：
mrningevening dayMnday afternn
5.与that 连用：
mrningwinterdayyear
just nwin the ld daysin thse daysin 1980the ther dayat that timence upn a time
____ yu ________ (remember) t buy the ranges yesterday?2.Wh ________ (invent) the _____ (g) t the cinema last night. The film _____ (be) very time ____ yu ____ (get) t schl this mrning?5.Jim ___ (d) a lt yesterday. He ____ (g) shpping and ______ (ck) supper.6. He usually ____ (get) up at 6 in the mrning. Lk! He ______ (get) up nw. But yesterday he ____ (get) up very late, s he ____ (g) t schl late.
一般过去时用在虚拟语气中
1如果我是你,我会带把伞.（事实我不可能是你）  If I were yu,I wuld take an umbrella. 2．如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.（事实不知道）If I knew his telephne number,I wuld tell yu. 2．如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了.（事实不知能否下雪） If there were a heavy snw next Sunday,we wuld nt g skating.　 3如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末 If she were t be here next Mnday,I wuld tell her abut the matter.
Wuld rather 从句中
wuld rather后可接从句，从句用一般过去式，即 wuld rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人现在或将来要做某事；他宁愿你周五来 He’d rather yu came n Fridaywuld rather sb. had dne sth.表示宁愿某人过去做过某事。如：我宁愿你那天没有告诉他那个消息 I’d rather yu hadn’t tld him the news that day. 
It is （high/abut） time that 从句中I think it is time that they were taught a lessn.It is time I was in bed.也可以用Shuld + 动原 shuld 不省
1.结构： 肯定句：主语+ will +d+其他 Peple will have rbts in their hmes. 否定句：主语+ will nt /wn't+d+其他 Peple will nt/wn’t have rbts in their hmes. 一般疑问句：Will+主语+d+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主 will 否定回答：N, 主wn’t. 特殊疑问：疑问词+will +主+V原+····？
will/shall+ V原（shall仅第一人称）
2.时间状语（判断标准）：
tmrrw 明天next week 下周the day after tmrrw 后天sn 不久in the future 在将来in+一段时间 多久之后才...
3.一般将来时的几种构成形式
1.will+动词原形 (I /we shall)2.be ging t+动词原形3.be+t d 表示计划,责任,约定或命令4. be abut t d sth 表示正要做…,马上要做...(不能与表示将来时间的状语连用)5.be+v-ing6.一般现在时表将来
1.will与shall＋v1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要…,会…”She will g t the park tmrrw.2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。Tm will be 18 next year.Spring will cme again.Tmrrw will be Sunday.3) will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。 --- My car wn’t start. ---Dn’t wrry, I will cme and give it a push.
2、be ging t①表示计划，安排要做的事②表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。--- What ________________d this evening?--- I am ging t d my lessns. 看那些乌云要下雨了. Lt at the dark cluds. It __________rain.
are yu ging t
3.be t d ①表按计划或安排即将发生的动作②表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。③官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）He and I are t meet at the railway statin tmrrw. Yu are nt t be back late.If nt watered, the plants are t die.The president is t speak n TV tnight.
4.be abut t d 表示正要做…,马上要做... (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) was /were abut t d … when… 正要…突然发生…英语晚会即将开始。The English Evening Party is abut t begin.我正要出去,这时下起了雨.I was abut t g ut when it began t rain.
5.be +v-ing g, cme, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take ff等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。我们明天动身去青岛.We’re leaving fr Qingda.
6.表示与生日,日历,课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作(一种规律) ，用一般现在时表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如：begin, cme , leave, g, arrive, start, stp, return, pen, clse… The evening class begins at 19:00. 火车两点出发.The train starts at tw.
注:在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来时:when, as sn as, befre, nce, if , unless, even if, in case If yu cme this mrning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will g t the cuntryside.
现在进行时 表示现在（即说话人说话的时刻）正在进行的动作或正在发生的事情，现在进行时的标志性词语有nw, lk, at the mment, listen等现在进行时的基本构成： 主语+be动词+现在分词Eg:
现在分词的构成规则：1.一般在动词词尾加-ing，如：read-reading 2.以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing， 如：write-writing 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing。Eg：swim-swimming run-running cut-cutting shp-shpping sit-sitting特殊变化：lie-lying平躺，die-dying死亡
现在进行时的句式：1.肯定句—主语+be+dingEg: I am ding my hmewrk.2.否定句—主语+be+nt+dingEg: I am nt ding my hmewrk.3.一般疑问句—be提到句首（注意人称变化）Eg: Are yu ding yur hmewrk?
下面的动词不用现在进行时:1.表示心理情感的动词: want；mind；wish recgnize；think；knw；understand；hate；depend n2.表示存在位置的动词: remain；stand
3.表示知觉的动词：see； hear； ntice； smell 4.表示所属的动词： have； pssess； wn； cnsist f5.暂时性的动词： accept；allw；decide； prmise
五. 过去进行时(The Past Cntinuus Tense)
1. 结构：was/ were + ding2. 用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语 at ten yesterday, frm nine t ten last evening, when…, while…, at that time…
I first met Lisa three years ag . She ____ at a radishp at the time.has wrked B. was wrking C. had been wrking D. had wrked
他总是考虑别人，从未考虑自己。
3. 与always，frever，cnstantly连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。
He was always thinking f thers，never thinking f himself.
4.表示位置移动的动词如cme, g, leave, fly, set ff等用过去进行时表示按计划，安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。例：
He said they were leaving fr Beijing the next day.
他说他们第二天要去北京。
七. 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)
结构: have (has) + dne概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, fr+一段时间连用。时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, s far, by nw, since+时间点，fr+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
He has lived here since last summer.
延续到现在:has lived
last summer
比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1). 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在, 或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai 10 years ag. （现在不在珠海了) My family have lived in Zhuhai fr 10 years. (目前还在珠海)
2). 过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语. I ______ (study) in Zhngshan university in 2000.I ___________ (study) in Zhngshan university since 2000. I _____ just _______ (buy) an apartment. (just表示不确定的时间状语）
have studied
非延续性动词不能与表示延续时间的状语(since…;fr…)连用。但其否定形式则可以。 1)They have married fr ten years. 2) I have received his letter a mnth ag. 3) I haven't received his letter fr a mnth.
have been married
They gt married ten years ag.
八.过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense)
结构: had + dne　 概念：表示过去的过去 ----|--------------|---------|---->过去的过去　 过去　现在　将来　　　
By the end f last term we had learnt 20 units.
the end f last term
用法(1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by，befre，until，when等词引导的时间状语。如：
2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算(“本想”; “本来打算”)。 I had hped t see mre f ShangHai. I had meant t help yu, but I was t busy at the mment. I had thught yu wuld cme tmrrw.
3、常用于下列句型中： 1) Hardly /N sner…(过去完成时)when /than…（一般过去时）。 2) It /This /That was the time that…(从句用过去完成时)。 3) It was +一段时间+since(从句用过去完成时)。
1).When the plice arrived, the thieves _________________(run away).2).When I came int the classrm, my dear students ______________ (begin) reading. He walked in as if he __________ (buy) the schl .(12广东）
had run away
主语 + has / have + been +ding….表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在还会继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用延续性动词。He has been wrking here fr three years.The number f freign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1990.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时:表到现在为止已经完成，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性； 现在完成进行时: 往往强调仍将继续下去的动作。I have written a letter. （已完成）I have been writing a letter.（未完成）
have written
have been writing
ften, always, usually, smetimes, n Sunday, every …, at weekends, nce in a while, three times a day…
(right) nw, at this mment, at present, fr the time being, this year, always, …
fr, since, s far, in/ver/during thepast/ last few years, lately, recently, just, up t nw, up till nw, already, yet, ever, never, twice, three times, befre, …
all the time, all this mrning, fr, since, in the past few years, …
yesterday, last…, the day befre yesterday, …ag, in 2000, in the past, the ther day, just nw, nce upn a time,…
at 10 last night, then, this mrning, at that time/ mment, this time yesterday, last year, always, …
by+过去时间，by then, by the end f + 过去时间，by the time yu did sth,…..
tmrrw, the day after tmrrw, in 2020, in a few years, in future, in the future, sn, next…, anther day, …
at 10 tmrrw, then, this time tmrrw, next year, …
by +将来时间, by then, by the end f + 将来时间, by the time yu d sth, …
◆1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait fr n man.(2)看时间状语(上下文语境暗示)(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词，see，hear，smell，taste，feel，ntice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belng t，seem等。(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
考题点击1、21. Mnths ag we sailed ten thusand miles acrss this pen sea, which ___ the Pacific, and we met n strms. A．was called   B．is called  C．had been called   D．has been called2. I _____ ping-png quite well, but I haven’t had time t play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观事实，只能用一般现在时。
常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。
考题点击3 I dn’t knw when he ____, but when he ____, I will let yu knw. A. will cme, will cme B. cmes, cmes C. will cme, cmes D. cmes, will cme
第一个when引导宾语从句，从句表将来用一般将来时态。第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般现在时态表将来。还有条件、让步状语从句也如此。这时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，“主将从现”。
If yu __________(不去) there tmrrw, _______________ (我也不去)._______________________________(无论你给他多少建议), he will d exactly what he wants.Take an umbrella ______________(以防下雨).
neither/nr will I
Hwever much advice yu give him
in case it rains
The next train _______(leave) at 3 ’clck this afternn. The film _________(start) at seven ’clck and _________(end) at nine ’clck this evening. The plane _________(take) ff at 8:00a.m.. It is 7:10a.m. nw. We must hurry up.
4. 一般现在时表示按安排或计划要做的动作（有具体的时间状语）。限于cme, g, leave, begin, start, end, pen, clse, return, arrive, take ff, stp, depart等。
The film, ____________(start) at seven ’clck, attracted many yung peple.
Translatin: 铃响了。
Here cmes the bus.
There ges the bell.
用于倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
= The bus is cming.
= The bell is ringing.
Make sure that all the windws ____________ (clse) befre yu leave the rm.
make sure (that) 后面的宾语从句中用一般现在时态。
写作句型：随着…而来的是… 倒装句
Alng with…, there cme(s) …
Alng with the physical changes, there cme sme psychlgical changes.
2.一般过去时考点分析(1)看时间状语(上下文语境暗示)；(2)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as sn as，immediately，the mment，the minute等。
比较 He will cme t the party if he ________ (be) free. He said he ___________(cme) t the party if he ________(be) free.
is, was 表示现在和过去将要发生的动作。
时态呼应原则：当主句谓语动词为一般过去时态，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一过、过进、过完、过将），除非是客观真理，总用一般现在时。
I didn’t knw where _____ my purse. A. have I put B. had I put C. I have put D. I had put
根据时态呼应原则排除A,C,根据陈述句语序选D
◆When Alice came t, she did nt knw hw lng she ______ there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain◆The mment I gt hme, I fund I ____ my wallet n the playgrund. A. had left B. has left C. have left D. was leaving
根据时态呼应原则排除B,C,根据时间先后选A
根据时态呼应原则排除B,D,根据时间的先后选A
◆ Edward, yu play s well. But I _____ yu played the pian. A. didn’t knw B. hadn’t knwn C. dn’t knw D. haven’t knwn
C,D与现在有关，表示现在不知道。根据句意，指过去不知道，现在已知道B表过去的过去，这里只表现在的过去。
◆--- Alan is ill in hspital. ---- Oh, really? I _____________ (nt, knw). I __________(g) and visit her.◆What a nice huse! I _______________(never, think) that ne day I ________________( live) in such a beautiful huse.◆---Alice, here is yur car key, in the drawer. ---- Thank yu. I _______________(nt, realize) that I _____________(leave) it here.
never thught
didn’t realize
Alice _____ in America fr 10 years, but she never regrets she has cme back t China. A. has wrked B. wrked C. had wrked D. has been wrking
It is said in the bk that Thmas Edisn (1847-1931)____ the wrld leading inventr fr 60 years. A. wuld be B. had been C. has been D. was
误选A，但现在完成时是包括现在的时间在内的。这里表已经回来了，在美国工作成为了过去，用一般过去时。
fr 60 years 未必只能和现在完成时连用。这里是讲述过去一段时间的经历，用一般过去时。
It is time yu ____________________ (承担责任). It is time yu ___________________(进行休学实践年).
tk n the respnsibility
tk the gap year
It is time (that) sb. did sth. 虚拟语气： “该做某事的时候了”。
_______________ (如果我是你的话), I wuld distribute the mney t the pr. ________________ (如果我有一百万), I wuld travel t every pint f the cmpass.
If I were yu
If I had a millin dllars
If 虚拟条件句中，与现在事实相反的假设，用一般过去时表示。
It was nt lng befre they _________(ccupy) the city centerIt was nt lng since they __________ (ccupy) the city center.
had ccupied
3.现在完成时考点分析(1)fr，since，介词短语：during/in/ver the last(past) few years(mnths，weeks...)，in recent years，s far，up t nw等。(2)几个句型。It is(has been)＋一段时间＋since从句This(That/It) is the first(secnd...) time that＋现在完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/mst interesting...＋that＋现在完成时
考题点击4、54._____ my sister three times tday but her line was always busy. A. I’d phned B. I’ve been phning C. I’ve phned D. I was phning5. Thugh we dn’t knw what was discussed, but we can feel the tpic _____. A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed
此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。
尽管不知道讨论过什么，但感觉话题已经改换了，表示结果。
◆ ---- _____ yu ______ (have) lunch yet? ----- Yes. I _______(have) lunch at hme.
到现在为止是否已经吃饭了，强调结果，用现在完成时。回答时表具体在哪里吃的，表过去的动作，用一般过去时。
◆ It is the mst instructive lecture that I ________________ (ever, attend) .
have ever attended
在“最高级+名词” 之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。
◆ This is the first time that I _____________ (visit) yur cuntry.
have visited
It / This is the first/secnd/ last… time that 从句中用现在完成时。 It / This was the first/secnd/last…time that从句中用过去完成时。
◆That man can’t be Green; he _____ t the USA. A. went B. has gne C. has been t D. had gne
went只表过去曾经去过某地，和现在没关系。 has gne t 表去…了(或到了或在途中)， has been t 去过…(已回来)
◆ We will set ff at nce if the rain ____________ (stp). Yu’d better nt give up this jb until yu ___________ (find) a better ne.
用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成
◆ The bk, which became the best-seller, was written by Arthur’s wife, Jan, whm he ___________________ (marry) fr 52 years.
has been married t
marry 是终止性动词，不可与延续性状语fr, since 等连用，需把终止性动词变成可延续的动词形式be married t 。其它词有：
die--- cme---leave-- begin—jin--- becme—brrw--- buy--- get in tuch with---fall in lve with---
be away (frm)
be in tuch with
be in lve with
4.一般将来时考点分析(1)看时间状语，tmrrw，next week，其他表达方式be ging t d，be t d，be abut t d等。(2)表示趋向行为的动词如cme，g，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。The students are leaving n Sunday.
---Lk! The lights in the rm are still n. Yu must have frgtten t turn them ff. --- Srry, I _____ t turn them ff nw. A. will g B. am ging C. am t g D. have gne
will d 通常指纯粹的将来或事先未计划好的，临时性的决定 be ging t 表事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。侧重于说话者个人意图或打算。也表某种客观迹象预示即将会发生。 be t 表按计划、安排将要发生的动作，侧重于受别人的指示或安排。表由于客观因素或不受人的控制将要发生的动作，只用be ging t，不用be t
It is ging t rain. Am I t finish the wrk n my wn? I am ging t try my best t help her.
客观迹象 别人安排 个人意图
be t d sth. 的几种用法：
A tall building is t be built in this area.
（按计划安排）打算、将要做
Nbdy is t leave the rm withut my permissin.
(按命令、指示、约定、要求等) 必须，必要，应该做
Trubles never cme singly. The wrst is still t cme.
If yu are t pass the exam, yu will have t study harder frm nw n.
(用于条件句) 想，想要做
Stand higher, and yu ________(see) farther. Study hard, r yu ________ (fall) behind thers.
祈使句+ and / r + 一般将来时 …, 就会/ 否则…
It _______(be) lng befre he shws up again.
It will be … befre sb. des sth. 多久之后才/ 就…
If yu plant watermeln seeds in the spring, yu ____ fresh watermeln in the fall. A. eat B. wuld eat C. have eaten D. will be eating
在春天种下西瓜子，将在秋天收获新鲜的西瓜。相当于will eat
Will be ding 在单纯表示未来动作时可以代替will d, 但如表示说话者主观意图， 邀请或允诺时，通常用will d
Will yu be having dinner at hme this evening?Will yu have dinner at hme this evening?Will yu have dinner with me this evening? 邀请
By the time Jane gets hme, her aunt ____fr Lndn t attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
到将来某个时间为止将已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
By next mnth, we ______________(save) enugh fr a used car.By 10 a.m. tmrrw, I ___________________ (finish) the speech and _______________(have) a chat with the students then.
will have saved
will have finished
will be having
5.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；g，cme等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always，ften等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。He is wrking n a paper.She is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr Wang tnight.We are leaving n Friday.The girl is always talking lud in public.
考题点击6、7 6. Since I wn the big prize, my telephne hasn't stpped ringing. Peple _____ t ask hw I am ging t spend the mney. A. phne  B. will phne C. were phning D. are phning 7. Selecting a mbile phne fr persnal use is n easy task because technlgy _____ s rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phning 表示“在不停的打电话”。
选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，表日新月异的变化，所以要用现在进行时。
◆We must lk arund when _________(crss) the rad.Take care while ________(ride) a bicycle.
when we are crssing the rad
while yu are riding a bicycle
省略句：时间、条件、让步状语从句中如果是现在进行时态，引导词后可省略主语和be动词，直接用v-ing的形式。
◆_____________________________________(参加会议的有700学生) frm Peking University.______________________________(一幅画挂在墙上) by Qi Baishi.
Attending the meeting are 700 students
Hanging n the wall is a painting
倒装句：现在进行时态的句子，可以把ding表语提到句首，用全部倒装。Ding+ be+主语。
5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。①在by，by the end f，by the time，until，befre，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end f last year，we had prduced 20,000 cars.The train had left befre we reached the statin.②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hped/planned/meant/intended/thught/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hped/planned...＋t have dne。We had planned t finish the wrk befre dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain.
③“时间名词＋befre”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ag”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years befre.Xia Hua left schl three years ag.④在，n 句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，n sner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had n sner been seated than the bus started.＝N sner had we been seated than the bus started.
1. The little girl ____ her heart ut because she ____ her ty bear and believed she wasn’t ever ging t find it. A. had cried, lstB. cried, had lst C. has cried, has lstD. cries, has lst2. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting fr yu at the schl gate. — Oh! I thught they _____ withut me.  A. went  B. are ging  C. have gne  D. had gne
根据时态呼应原则排除B，C。“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。
哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。
If yu ___________(win) the first place in the last exam, yu _____________(get) the iPad as a gift frm yur father. But yu didn’t.
wuld have gt
虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的假设，if从句用过去完成时。
Hw I wish I ___________(take) yur advice last time. If nly yu ____________(dnate) mre mney yesterday. I’d rather yu ___________(tell) him the truth when yu saw him last time.
Wish, if nly, wuld rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用过去完成时表与过去事实相反的假设。
Twenty years ag nbdy culd predict he _____ such a famus scientist. A. became B. will becme C. have becme D. wuld becmeThe discvery f gld in Australia led thusands t believe that a frtune ____. A. is made B. wuld make C. was t be made D. had made
20年前预测未来，表过去的将来，用过去将来时。
过去的一个发现使得人们相信将来可以发财，是过去将来。
6. 现在完成进行时的用法：
She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day.All these years they have been cntributing articles t ur magazine.
1. 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会延续到将来（强调延续）。
2. 到现在为止的一段时间里一再反复发生的动作。
8.--- Hi, Tracy, yu lk tired. --- I am tired. I _____ the living rm all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted9. Nw that she is ut f a jb, Lucy______ ging back t schl, but she hasn’t decided yet. A had cnsideredB has been cnsidering C cnsideredD is ging t cnsider
她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。
这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。
10. --- Nancy is nt cming tnight. --- But she _____! A. prmises B. prmised C. will prmise D. had prmised11. My uncle _____ until he was frty-five. A. married B. didn’t marry C. was nt marryingD. wuld marry
Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。
until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。
12. --- Yu haven’t said a wrd abut my new cat, Brenda. D yu like it? --- I’m srry I _______ anything abut it sner. I certainly think it’s pretty n yu. A. wasn’t saying B. dn’t say C. wn’t say D. didn’t say
本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。
7. 过去进行时的用法： The first time I saw her , she was standing in his study.He was writing a nvel last year, but I dn’t knw if he has finished it.He was cnstantly leaving things here and there at that time.He said he was cming t see yu the next mnth.
1. 过去每一时刻正在进行的动作，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。
2. 过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。
3. 与always或cnstantly连用，表示说话人过去对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等。
4. 表过去将要发生的动作，一般限于表移动，方向的动词。
I was wndering if I culd ask yu a questin?My brther fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
5. 某些表心理活动的词，用于过去进行时， 表示委婉、客气，而不表过去。
6. 描述一件事情发生的背景。
考题点击1313. The manager had fallen asleep where he _____, withut undressing. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为 laid；lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。
14. As she ____the newspaper, Granny ____asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fellC. was reading, was falling D. read , fell一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作（长动作）大都用过去进行时，短暂性的动作（短动作）用一般过去时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。
◆They ____________(have) a meeting when the fire ________(break) ut. ◆Jane ___________(meet) Frank while she ______________(live) in Hlleywd. ◆The UFO __________(travel) frm east t west when I _________(see) it.
were having
was travelling
---- Please repeat what I said just nw. ---- Srry, I _____. A. didn’t listen B. wasn’t listening C. hadn’t listened D. wn’t listen
when yu said it.
---- We culd have gt in fr nthing. ---- Yes, nbdy ____ tickets. A. cllected B. has cllected C. was cllecting D. had cllected
when we gt in.
在隐含过去进行时，表示“当时正在做某事”时，可以在后面加上when从句理解。
比较： He __________ (write) a nvel last year. He __________a nvel last year, but I dn’t knw whether he has finished it.
was writing
8. 过去将来时的其它表示：
Last Friday we decided we were ging t the Great Wall.It was reprted that anther bridge was t be built acrss the Yangtze River.He didn’t knw when yu were cming.He was abut t dive when he saw a shark.She was n the pint f leaving when I arrived.
was / were ging t d sth. 打算
was / were t d sth 打算、计划
was / were ding sth. 将要
was / were abut t d sth. 就要、正要
was / were n the pint f ding sth. 正要
句型：…正在做某事，这时……正要去做某事，这时……就要去做某事，这时..
was / were ding sth. when …did sth.
was / were abut t d sth. when …did sth.
Was / were n the pint f ding sth. when … did sth.
If a man _____ succeed, he must wrk as hard as he can. A. willB. is tC. is ging t D. shuld --- Yu’ve left the light n. --- Oh, s I have. _____ and turn it ff. A. I’ll g B. I’ve gne C. I g D. I’m ging
此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be t 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。
Will d 表临时做出的决定。
一般时态： 进行时态：将来时态：完成时态：宁愿被：最好被：打算被：过去常常被情态动词
is / am / are /was /were dneis/ am / are/ was/ were being dnewill/ wuld be dnehave / has/ had been dnewuld rather be dnehad better be dnebe ging t be dne; be t be dneused t be dne情态动词+ be dne
The bk ______ (sell) well. By tday 50,000 cpies _______________(sell) ut.
have been sld
sell well 强调主语的特性，主动表被动。第二个 sell强调被卖掉的动作。
1. 某些“不及物动词+副词(easily, well, smthly, quickly, badly等)” ,说明主语的特性。动词有lck, pen, clse, sell, bend, print, cut, wash, read, write, wear, tear, ck等。
易撕 书写流畅易洗 好读熟得快 打印质量差 易弯曲
tear easilywash easilyck quicklybend easily
write smthlyread smthlyprint badly
I want t taste the fd _______(smell) delicius. The methd _________________(already, prve) practical.
has already prved
2. 系动词lk, sund, taste, smell, feel, prve, remain, seem等无被动语态，作定语，用ding
The nvel is interesting __________(read). We find the bx heavy __________(carry).
3. Sth. is +adj. + t d. I find/ think/ make/ feel sth. + adj. + t d. t d是主动表被动
The car ___________ (开不动了). The dr f the classrm ___________ (锁不上).
wuldn’t lck
4. 某些与wn’t, wuldn’t 连用的不及物动词如lck, pen, clse, mve, print, shut等， 用主动表被动。
I have a letter _________(type), s I can’t g with yu. With a lt f prblems _________ (slve), I am at a lss nw.
5. have sth. t d; There is sth. t d.; with sth. t d. 有…要做
比较：He asked me if I had anything ___________ (type).
type 的逻辑主语不是I，用have sth. t be dne
It is I that ___________ (blame) fr the incident.
6. sb. is t blame (fr sth.). 该怪…，…该负责任
The questin is well wrth _________ (discuss). The naughty by deserves __________(criticize).
7. sth. is (well) wrth ding. 很值得(被)… deserve ding …值得被…，…应该受到…
The cmputer needs ____________(repair).
8. sth. needs / wants / requires ding. 需要被…
criticizing
The car is t ld __________(drive).
9. Sth. is t… t d . 太…而不能… Sth. is …enugh t d. 足够…去…