小升初英语语法专项精讲+精练——第8讲：数词（一）

小升初语法第8讲：数词（一）

知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）

数词是表示数目多少或顺序多少的词，分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词是基数词，如one, two, three等；表示顺序的数词是序数词，如first, second等。

【知识点1】基数词

1. 基数词表示数量的多少

2. 基数词写法和读法

(1)  1～12是独立的数词，需逐个记忆

(2)  13～19在3～9词尾加后缀-teen, 其中13,15,18变化不规则

(3)  20～90的整十位数在词尾加后缀-ty

(4)  21～99由十位数和个位数合起来构成的两位数词,需在中间加连字符"-"，如：

21 twenty-one;    32 thirty-two;    95 ninety-five;
(5) 三位以上的数词, 在十位数与百位数之间加and; 若有个位数, 且十位数为零,则在个位数与百位数之间加and，如：

230 (two hundred and thirty);       108 ( one hundred and eight);

(6) 另外，表示“万”的词英语中没有，如1万可用10千来表示：ten thousand; 30万可用three hundred thousand来表示。

注意：

✮ 百、千等基数词在表示准确数目时不可用复数，如：

✮ 100以上的表达一定不能漏了and

   120  one hundred and twenty

   205  two hundred and five

   394  three hundred and ninety-four

✮ 1000以上的规则为：

   1,200  one thousand and two hundred

   1,294  one thousand two hundred and ninety-four

   1,002  one thousand and two

✮ 英语里也没有“亿”的说法，因此就用

   one hundred million 表示一亿

✮ 如果在hundred, thousand后面加了“s”，则表示约数。一般与“of”连用。

   Thousands of students are in the playground.  成千上万名学生在操场上。

【知识点2】序数词

序数词表示排列的顺序，简单说就是第一、第二、第三。它的缩写形式为数词加序数词的最后两个字母，如：first--1st; second--2nd; third--3rd; thirty-first--31st。

1. 基数词变序数词的规则

(1)      第1至第19一般是在基数词后加th，如：six--sixth; 但变化特殊的有：

(2)      逢十的twenty, thirty...ninety, 分别改为ieth

   twenty--twentieth;   ninety--ninetieth

(3)      表示第几十几或第几百几十几，只需将个位数改为序数词

2. 序数词与冠词

(1)      序数词前一般要加定冠词the

  It’s the third time I’ve been here. 这是我第三次来这里。

  My birthday is on the third of May. 我的生日在5月3日。

(2)      表示在原有的基础上增加，即“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词

  Shall I ask her a second time? 我还要问她一次吗？

(3)      下列4种情况不用冠词

① 序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时，不能再用冠词

This is Tom’s second visit to China. 这是汤姆第二次访问中国。

② 表示比赛或考试的名次时，通常省略定冠词

He was (the) second in the English exam. 在这次英语老师中他得了第二名。

③ 序数词被用作副词时不用冠词

I have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业完成好。

④ 在某些习语中不用冠词

at first 起初       first of all首先    at first sight乍一看

【真题解析】

1. (　　) The desk is about ________.

A. 1.2 meter long       

B. 1.2 meters long      

C. 1.2 long meter

解析：句意为：这个桌子大概1.2米长。英语表达长度的方法是“基数词＋单位词＋形容词”。由1.2可知meter用meters，故选B。

【答案】 B

2. (　　)  There are ________ floors in this building.

A.twenty          B.twentieth               

C.the twentieth   D.twelfth

解析：句意为：这座建筑物有二十层。该句表达的是楼层的数量，故用基数词，选项B，C，D是序数词。

【答案】 A

3.(　　) Now，class! Please turn to Page ________and look at the pictures.

A. fifth       B. the fifth                 

C. the five    D. five

解析：句意为：同学们，现在请翻到第五页看图片。英语中“第几页”要用“Page＋基数词”这样的固定结构来表示，故只有选项D符合。

【答案】 D

二、序数词

1.用所给单词的正确形式填空。

My father's birthday is on the ________ (three) of September.

解析：句意为：我爸爸的生日在九月三号。表达“几月几号”常用“the＋序数词＋of＋月份”。故用three的序数词third。

【答案】 third

2.(　　)  I think ________ lesson is the most difficult in this book.

A.first          B.one                         

C.the first      D.the one

解析：句意为：我认为第一课是这本书中最难的。由句意可知用序数词，故排除选项B，D。序数词常与冠词the 连用。故选C。

【答案】 C

【考题精练】

一、写出下列基数词所对应的序数词。

二、写出下列序数词所对应的基数词。

三、用括号内所给数词的正确形式填空.
1.We are in Class________（3）.
2.We have________（12）months of the year. December is the _____________（12）one.
3.This is my________（1）bag.
4.My birthday is Dec.________（21）.
5.I have________（3）books. I like my________（3）book.

四、单项选择。

(　　)1.March is                 month of the year.

A: a three      B: the third      C: a third

(　　)2.The class begins at                 (8:05).

A: five to eight       B: eight five       C: five eight

(　　)3.Eight plus eight is                 .

A: sixteen      B: sixty-four      C: one

(　　)4.He is an                 boy.

A: eight years     B: eight-year-old     C: eight-years-old

(　　)5.The wall is                 .

A: four meters long       B: four meter long       C: four-meter long

(　　)6.He lives in                 .

A: 310 room        B: room 310      C: Room 310

(　　)7.This is my                 time to play the piano.

A: at second        B: two       C: second

(　　)8.The                 Day of the week is Sunday.

A: first     B: one       C: oneth

(　　)9.There are                 days in a year.

A: three hundreds sixty-five   

B: three hundred and sixty-five 

C: three hundred and sixty five

(　　)10.Jack is in                 .

A:Three Class, One Grade    

B: Class Three, Grade One    

C: Grade One, Class Three

(　　)11.Please turn to                 .

A: Page Two       B: Page second

(　　)12.There are          months in a year. December is the      month of the year..

A: twelve， twelve        B: twelve， twelfth       C: twelfth， twelve

(　　)13.Snow was born                 .

A: on March 16th 1998   B: on March 1998, 16th      C: on 1998, March 16th

(　　)14.What’s the date today? It’s                 .

A: Friday       B: cloudy       C: June 4th

(　　)15.There are           minutes in an hour.

A: sixty      B: sixtieth     C: sixteen   D: six

(　　)16.“How many teachers are there in your university?” “         .”

A: Two hundreds and forty-three     B: Two hundred and forty-third

 C: Two hundreds and forty-third      D: Two hundred and forty-three

(　　)17.There are      English books for us students in the school library.

 A: four hundreds and five         B: four hundreds five

C: four hundred and five            D: four hundred five

(　　)18.“456” must be read and written in English as         .

 A: four, five and six     B: four hundred and fifty six

 C: three hundreds and fifty-six      D: four hundred and fifty-six

(　　)19.May 23 reads         .

 A: May the twenty-third      B: the twenty-third May

 C: May the twenty-three     D: the twenty-three of May

(　　)20.By the end of 1993, the peasants had planted         trees in their village.

 A: two hundreds of    B: hundred of

 C: two hundreds     D: hundreds of

(　　)21                is Teachers’ Day in China.

A: Tenth September       B: September the tenth

C: The of September       D:The September tenth

(　　)22.I am in                 .

A: Grade 1 Class 3     B: Class 3, Grade 1

C: 3 Class,1 Grade       D:Class 3 Grade 1

(　　)23.                children watched the monkey playing with each other in the zoo.

A: About two hundreds      B: Hundreds of

C: About two hundred of       D: Hundred of

(　　)24.There are nearly two                 students in our school now.

A: thousands      B: thousands of

C: thousand        D: thousand of

(　　)25.              class begins at eight in the morning.

A: One       B: The one    C: First     D:The first

参考答案

一、

second

ninth

twelfth

eighth

thirteenth

twentieth

fifth

eleventh

eighteenth

twenty-first

thirty-three

fifty-ninth

二、

one

three

fifteen

thirty

forty-two

ninety-nine

三、1.three   2.twelve, twelfth    3.first    4.twenty-one    5.three, third

四、1-5 BBABA       6-10 CCABB

11-15 ABACA     16-20 DCDAD     21-25 BBBCD