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精品解析：江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试卷（解析版），共27页。
2022~2023学年度第二学期高一期末试卷
英 语
注意：本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。两部分答案都做在答题卡上。总分为150分。考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman keep her skin healthy?
A. She gets plenty of sleep. B. She protects it from the sun. C. She washes it only with water.
2. What will the man do on Thursday?
A. Visit a zoo. B. Go to school. C. Attend a meeting.
3. What sport do the speakers want to play?
A. Tennis. B. Basketball. C. Badminton.
4. Why won’t the woman eat meat for dinner?
A. She thinks it tastes bad. B. She is trying to lose weight. C. She prefers what the man orders.
5. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Find keys. B. Open a bottle. C. Buy kitchen equipment.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where do they find the starting time for the movie?
A. On the Internet. B. In the newspaper. C. On the radio.
7. What does the man seldom use his phone for?
A. Ordering taxis. B. Making phone calls. C. Shopping for food.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who is the woman?
A. A tour guide. B. A story writer. C. A visitor.
9. Which part of the park will the man probably visit first?
A. The southern part. B. The northern part. C. The eastern part.
10. When will the man leave the park?
A. In four hours. B. In five hours. C. In six hours.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How did the woman feel after the race?
A. Excited. B. Angry. C. Disappointed.
12. Who does the charity aim to help according to the woman?
A. Old people. B. Homeless pets. C. Injured runners.
13. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Change her clothes. B. Donate some money. C. Be ready to be photographed.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Shop owner and customer. B. Teacher and student. C. Former schoolmates.
15. Where did Marilyn work over the summer?
A. At a cafe. B. At a cinema. C. At a library.
16. What will Blake probably study at university?
A. Computer science. B. Geography. C. Medicine.
17. What will Blake do on Friday?
A. Hand in an essay. B. Leave for university. C. Watch a film.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did the speaker start working in Green University?
A. One year ago. B. Two years ago. C. Five years ago.
19. What type of movie will be shown at 12: 30 p. m.?
A. A scary movie. B. A funny movie. C. An action movie.
20. What is special about the movie Run and Hide?
A. It was filmed at the university.
B. It includes a lot of special effects.
C. It is a collection of cartoons.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
About Us
ScienceABC.com was launched with the only goal of finding and sharing fun and interesting science facts. We believe that science is a fascinating (有极大吸引力的) and valuable area of study for people of all ages.
The Story So Far
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) as a field of education creates fear among many. But we believe that if told in a simpler way, it can be fascinating for one and all. This thought gave birth to ScienceABC. com in 2015. Since then, our mission has been to find interesting science questions and provide answers to them using proper scientific resources and journals.
The Team
Abhishek Jain, the chief
Abhishek is a Chemical Engineer from IIT Bombay (India). In 2012, he started BijliBachao.com, a website devoted to pushing consumer behavior towards sustainability and energy-efficient living. However, his love for science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC.
Ashish Tiwari, content manager/physics and chemistry editor
Ashish is a Science graduate from Punjabi University (India). He manages ScienceABC’s official Youtube channel. He is enthusiastic about how thoroughly science influences every aspect of life.
John Staughton, language editor
John is a traveling writer, editor and publisher who earned his English and Integrative Biology degrees from the University of Illinois in Champaign, Urbana (USA). He loves nothing more than discussing science.
Ketaki Bapat, writer
Ketaki Bapat is a student of Cosmetic Technology at Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur(India). Science has always intrigued her with her special interest in life sciences, biochemistry and psychology. During her free time, she enjoys reading historical books
1. What is special about ScienceABC.com?
A. It is intended for children. B. It publishes scientific journals.
C It explains science in simple words. D. It focuses on designing STEM courses.
2. What can we learn about Abhishek Jain?
A. He acts as a content manager. B. He is a professor of IIT Bombay.
C. He started ScienceABC.com in 2012. D. He supports environmentally-friendly living.
3. What do the team members have in common?
A. They like reading historical books. B. They are good at engineering.
C. They have enthusiasm for science. D. They graduated from Indian schools.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ScienceABC.com成立的背景以及成员信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) as a field of education creates fear among many. But we believe that if told in a simpler way, it can be fascinating for one and all.(STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）作为一个教育领域让许多人感到恐惧。但我们相信，如果以一种更简单的方式讲述，它可以吸引所有人)”可知，ScienceABC.com的特别之处是它用简单的语言解释科学。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Abhishek is a Chemical Engineer from IIT Bombay (India). In 2012, he started BijliBachao.com, a website devoted to pushing consumer behavior towards sustainability and energy-efficient living. However, his love for science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC.(Abhishek是印度理工学院孟买分校的化学工程师。2012年，他创办了BijliBachao.com，一个致力于推动消费者行为走向可持续和节能生活的网站。然而，他对科学教育的热爱逐渐驱使他创办了ScienceABC)”可知，Abhishek Jain支持环保生活。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“However, his love for science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC.(然而，他对科学教育的热爱逐渐驱使他创办了ScienceABC)”；倒数第三段“He is enthusiastic about how thoroughly science influences every aspect of life.(他对科学如何彻底地影响生活的方方面面充满热情)”；倒数第二段“He loves nothing more than discussing science.(他最喜欢讨论科学)”以及最后一段“Science has always intrigued her with her special interest in life sciences, biochemistry and psychology.(她对生命科学、生物化学和心理学有着特殊的兴趣，一直对科学很感兴趣)”可知，团队成员的共同之处是他们对科学有热情。故选C。
B
National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time outdoors,” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, scuba diving, and windsurfing.
“In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.
Vaz had an interest in the medium of film, and decided to pursue a career in wildlife filmmaking. Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, writer, and presenter.
After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, cover a wide range. And while she’s been asked to define her focus, she prefers variety, and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear.
Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories-she’s also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the message of the films they work on.
From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”
4. Which of the following helped Vaz combine adventure with nature protection?
A. Wildlife film-making. B. Free lifestyle.
C. Childhood experience. D. Outdoor activities.
5. What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention?
A. Vaz’s home on the coast. B. Vaz’s experience of mountain climbing.
C. The history of Green Oscar. D. The illegal hunting of mantas.
6. What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz?
A. The backgrounds of policy makers. B. The influence of films.
C. The guidance from environmentalists. D. The combined efforts of people.
7. Which of the following best describes Vaz?
A. Enthusiastic but careless. B. Adventurous and insightful.
C. Knowledgeable but proud. D. Humorous and patient.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国家地理探险家Malaika Vaz将冒险与自然保护结合起来，从事野生动物电影制作。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.(Vaz说：“在我十几岁的时候，我开始觉得，如果没有保护我们探索的自然空间的意图，冒险就没有任何意义。”她开始寻找一个既能满足她对冒险的渴望，又能让她支持物种和生态系统保护的出路)”可知，童年经历帮助Vaz将冒险与自然保护结合起来。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.(在她家附近的海岸爱上蝠鲼后，她发现它们被非法猎杀，于是她把自己打扮成一名海鲜贸易商，尽可能地接近这个问题。她追踪了世界上许多地方的人贩子，以找出蝠鲼被杀害的原因。她分享了秘密制作Peng Yu Sai的挑战，这是她获得奥斯卡绿色提名的电影)”可知，电影Peng Yu Sai提到了蝠鲼的非法捕猎。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”(从Vaz的角度来看，真正改善地球的方式取决于来自不同背景的许多有能力的人。“事实是，我们不需要十个真正热情、坚定的环保主义者。我们需要1亿或100万人能在这个领域做一点事情，并在他们的能力范围内改变事情。”)”可知，Vaz认为，保护地球真正重要的是人们的共同努力。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure.(国家地理探险家Malaika Vaz从很早的时候就知道她注定要去冒险)”以及最后一段“From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”(从Vaz的角度来看，真正改善地球的方式取决于来自不同背景的许多有能力的人。“事实是，我们不需要十个真正热情、坚定的环保主义者。我们需要1亿或100万人能在这个领域做一点事情，并在他们的能力范围内改变事情。”)”可推知，Vaz有冒险精神和洞察力。故选B。
C
When people are overworked or tired, they may take a break by visiting green spaces like forests to relax. But can there be forests inside cities?
Urban forests are not acres and acres of lush greenery. They range from the trees in the park on the corner of your street to the trees lining the sidewalk, or simply bushes in your own backyard!
The idea of care and management for tree populations in urban areas began in North America in the late 1960s and was first called environmental forestry. The greening improved greying cities and soon skyrocketed in popularity. It has now become a whole new discipline of forestry called urban forestry.
Urban forests have the potential to help cities cool down and can be the heart of a city’s social life. Even a tiny patch of ground with a few trees can enrich children’s playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children. They also encourage community interaction: people tend to hang out together a lot more when green spaces are available.
How can we incorporate forests into cities? There are external factors in towns that make it challenging to design urban forests into cities. For example, how does a city plant and maintain the trees? Tree canopies can block people’s view, which could lead to accidents. Urban trees can also cause damage to buildings, due to their roots, and through the falling of whole trees or branches.
However, if we plan waste removal operations in advance, we can handle this issue efficiently; the waste parts can be used for other purposes, such as timber and fuelwood.
So do we need more unban forests? Absolutely! Urban forests represent a city-dweller’s easiest access to nature. Given that, cities need to find more creative ideas to provide this beautiful resource for their residents!
8. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Add some background information. B. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C. Give an example to support a theory. D. Provide readers with some advice.
9. What impact do urban forests have on children?
A. Developing writing skills. B. Improving mental health.
C. Learning responsibility. D. Mastering gardening tips.
10. What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Modem cities. B. Urban forests. C. Creative ideas. D. Environmental issues.
11. What’s the author’s attitude towards urban forests?
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了城市森林想法的起源以及可以带来的好处。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The idea of care and management for tree populations in urban areas began in North America in the late 1960s and was first called environmental forestry. The greening improved greying cities and soon skyrocketed in popularity. It has now become a whole new discipline of forestry called urban forestry.(照顾和管理城市树木种群的想法始于20世纪60年代末的北美，最初被称为环境林业。绿化改善了老龄化的城市，并迅速普及。它现在已经成为一门全新的林业学科，叫做城市林业)”可推知，作者在第3段旨在添加一些背景信息。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Even a tiny patch of ground with a few trees can enrich children’s playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children.(即使是一小块地，种上几棵树，也能丰富孩子的游乐场，对孩子的心理发展产生积极的影响)”可知，城市森林可以改善儿童的心理健康。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Urban forests have the potential to help cities cool down and can be the heart of a city’s social life. Even a tiny patch of ground with a few trees can enrich children’s playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children.(城市森林具有帮助城市降温的潜力，可以成为城市社会生活的核心。即使是一小块地，种上几棵树，也能丰富孩子的游乐场，对孩子的心理发展产生积极的影响)”以及划线词后文“also encourage community interaction: people tend to hang out together a lot more when green spaces are available”可知，上文列举了Urban forests的好处，also表示补充，后文说明的是城市森林还鼓励社区互动：当绿色空间可用时，人们倾向于更多地在一起闲逛。由此可知，划线词they指的是“城市森林”。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So do we need more unban forests? Absolutely! Urban forests represent a city-dweller’s easiest access to nature. Given that, cities need to find more creative ideas to provide this beautiful resource for their residents!(那么，我们需要更多的城市森林吗？绝对的！城市森林是城市居民最容易接近大自然的地方。考虑到这一点，城市需要找到更多的创意来为居民提供这种美丽的资源！)”可推知，作者对城市森林的态度是支持的。故选B。
D
After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to help.
Previously, there were AI models that could tum text into images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine.
The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, which consisted of brain scans from four participants (参加者) as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data-when a part of the brain is activated (激活), more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.
Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy (精确), according to the researchers.
The new study created a new approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher (破译) the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine.
In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality.
12. How did the AI know about the activities of human brains?
A. By activating every part of human brains.
B. By recording participants’ dreams.
C. By viewing a great number of photos online.
D. By examining differences in participants’ blood flow.
13. How did the AI improve the accuracy of final images?
A. It analyzed the relationship between brain activities and photos.
B. It compared photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train.
C. It processed additional brain scan data using the “text-to-image” model.
D. It examined the brain activities of the four participants.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Further explanations of the research.
B. Potential risks of the new technology.
C. Expectations for the application of the technology.
D. Supporting evidence for the success of the research.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. AI knows brain scan data of participants
B. AI learns the reaction of human brains
C. AI changes text into images with the help of fMRI
D. AI uses brain scans to re-create images people see
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员训练人工智能获取大脑扫描结果并再生成图像。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data-when a part of the brain is activated (激活), more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos. (然后，人工智能通过分析功能磁共振成像数据显示的血流变化来了解大脑活动——当大脑的一部分被激活时，更多的血液会流向它。然后将大脑活动与照片进行匹配。通过这种方法，人工智能了解了人类大脑在看到不同照片时的反应)”可知，人工智能通过检测参与者血液流动的差异来了解人类大脑的活动。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy (精确), according to the researchers. (最后，研究人员在这些参与者观看玩具熊、飞机、时钟和火车的照片时，对人工智能进行了额外的脑部扫描。例如，如果一个人看着一架飞机，人工智能将使用大脑扫描数据来创建一个非常模糊的飞机图像。然后，它会打开之前的“文本到图像”模型，并通过输入关键字“飞机”来提高图像的质量。根据研究人员的说法，最终的图像“令人信服”，准确率约为80%)”可推知，人工智能通过使用“文本到图像”模型处理额外的脑部扫描数据，从而提高最终图像的准确性。故选C。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality. (在未来，科学家们希望这项技术可以用来记录想象中的想法和梦想，或者让人们了解其他动物对现实的感知有多么不同)”可知，最后一段主要是对该技术应用的期望。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Previously, there were AI models that could tum text into images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine. (此前，有一些人工智能模型可以将文本转换为图像。据《科学》杂志报道，这一次，日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个名为“稳定扩散”的人工智能系统，该系统可以根据人们的脑部扫描重新创建图像)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员训练人工智能获取大脑扫描结果并再生成图像。由此可知，D. AI uses brain scans to re-create images people see(人工智能使用脑部扫描来重建人们看到的图像)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both jogging and running are beneficial but require different body techniques. Running needs more speed and power and is more intense (剧烈的). ____16____ These two exercises differ in several aspects. Many joggers and runners may not know how to run properly, so let’s touch on everything about jogging.
What is Jogging?
____17____ One of the first mentions of jogging was when William Shakespeare wrote about it in his book The Taming of the Shrew. A line in the book mentioned the word jogging, but it was speaking about leaving and not the exercise itself. The exercise was not recorded until the mid 17th century in England, and it became popular in the United States as a training exercise for athletes. Jogging has now developed into an exercise to lose weight and a form of running at a slow or relaxing pace. It’s usually performed over long distances and is a type of aerobic endurance training. On the other hand, running has long been a common activity even among our earliest ancestors. It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace. ____18____
Definition and Intensity of Jogging
Almost anyone can jog. Jogging can be performed at any pace depending on the person’s desired results. ____19____ Running is the more intense version of jogging and sprinting (快速奔跑) is the more intense version of running. Running requires more speed and body tolerance as it can tire the person and use up oxygen quickly. It is one of the fastest activities that people can perform with their feet.
How Many Calories Does Jogging Burn?
Jogging can burn more than three times the calories compared with walking. An hour’s jog can burn almost 584 calories for a 72-kg person jogging at a speed of 8 kph. ____20____ You can calculate how many calories to burn by jogging in order to lose weight with our daily calories calculator easily.
A. Jogging requires you to keep calm.
B. Ancestors ran for hunting food and protection.
C. Jogging was not discovered at any particular time.
D. However, there is some doubt whether you are running in a correct way.
E. Jogging, on the other hand, has a slower pace and involves more muscle use.
F. It can also be done at a relaxing pace that is only a little faster than walking.
G. A person of the same weight walking at 3.2 kph burns about 30 calories in 10 minutes.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出慢跑和跑步都是有益的，但需要不同的身体技术，许多慢跑者和跑步者可能不知道如何正确地跑步，因此作者介绍了关于慢跑的一些知识。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Both jogging and running are beneficial but require different body techniques. Running needs more speed and power and is more intense (剧烈的).(慢跑和跑步都是有益的，但需要不同的身体技术。跑步需要更多的速度和力量，也更激烈)”可知，慢跑和跑步都是有益的，但需要不同的身体技术，上文指出了跑步的要求，接下来应该是讲慢跑的要求。由此可知，A. Jogging requires you to keep calm.(慢跑需要你保持冷静)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据下文“One of the first mentions of jogging was when William Shakespeare wrote about it in his book The Taming of the Shrew.(最早提到慢跑的是威廉·莎士比亚在他的著作《驯悍记》中提到的慢跑)”“ The exercise was not recorded until the mid 17th century in England, and it became popular in the United States as a training exercise for athletes.(直到17世纪中叶，这项运动才在英国被记录下来，并在美国作为运动员的训练运动而流行起来)”及“It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace.(这是一种自然发生的活动，作为一种快节奏的旅行形式)”可知，慢跑不是在某个特定的时间被发现的, 是一种自然发生的活动。由此可知，C. Jogging was not discovered at any particular time. (慢跑不是在某个特定的时间被发现的)能够引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据上文“On the other hand, running has long been a common activity even among our earliest ancestors. It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace.(另一方面，即使在我们最早的祖先中，跑步也一直是一种常见的活动。这是一种自然发生的活动，作为一种快节奏的旅行形式)”可知，此处在讲述我们最早的祖先进行的跑步活动。由此可知，B. Ancestors ran for hunting food and protection.(祖先奔跑是为了狩猎、食物和保护)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Jogging can be performed at any pace depending on the person’s desired results.(慢跑可以根据个人期望的结果以任何速度进行)”可知，慢跑的速度可以因人而异。由此可知，F. It can also be done at a relaxing pace that is only a little faster than walking.(也可以以轻松的速度完成，只比走路快一点)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据本段小标题“How Many Calories Does Jogging Burn?(慢跑能燃烧多少卡路里？)”可知，本段在讲述慢跑能燃烧多少热量。由此可知，G. A person of the same weight walking at 3.2 kph burns about 30 calories in 10 minutes.(同样体重的人以每小时3.2公里的速度行走，10分钟可燃烧约30卡路里)符合本段语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Candace Leslie Cima is a 75-year-old fashion and lifestyle influencer working to change the attitudes regarding aging.
Recently, Candace’s video, sharing a comment on her sleeveless shirt style that says “you’re 60, you shouldn’t bare your arms,” has got 7. 4 million ____21____ on TikTok. She is only answering with “I am 75, actually”.
Cima’s story as an influencer ____22____ at 72, when she first got an Instagram account. ____23____ about what influencers were, she ____24____ a deep research, only to find that there weren’t that many voices in her age group. The magazines would always have headlines like “How to look your best at 20, 30, and 40.” Never did they ____25____ 50, 60, and 70. ____26____ , she decided to establish an account to discuss the issue of aging.
In addition to her ____27____ , Cima also has a blog where she speaks in detail about aging and fashion. She ____28____ her readers that in the 1800s, it was ____29____ for a woman to show her ankles (脚踝) in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women were often ____30____ to wear gloves. The list goes on.
She makes a point saying that it is we who ____31____ whether aging is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging ____32____ and let others make us feel less than we are. ____33____ , everyone ages, so we should normalize these changes and learn to see them ____34____ .
“The only way to change people’s view is to show them that aging is a gift, something to be embraced, ____35____ and shared,” she writes.
21. A. efforts B. views C. chats D. effects
22. A. began B. changed C. existed D. improved
23. A. Anxious B. Confident C. Curious D. Shy
24. A. continued B. confirmed C. credited D. conducted
25. A. control B. mention C. ignore D. require
26. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Instead
27. A. magazines B. diaries C. reports D. videos
28. A. reminds B. warns C. imagines D. guarantees
29. A. unchangeable B. unstoppable C. unacceptable D. unavoidable
30. A. sent B. expected C. promised D. trained
31. A. decide B. reveal C. illustrate D. request
32. A. theory B. process C. freedom D. accident
33. A. Above all B. At all C. In all D. After all
34. A. instantly B. obviously C. efficiently D. positively
35. A. abandoned B. valued C. changed D. quit
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了坎迪斯·莱斯利·西玛是一位75岁的时尚和生活方式影响者，致力于改变人们对衰老的态度，文章介绍了她对老去的看法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，坎迪斯的视频在TikTok上获得了740万次观看，视频分享了一条关于她的无袖衬衫风格的评论，上面写着“你60岁了，你不应该裸露手臂”。A. efforts努力；B. views观看；C. chats聊天；D. effects效果。根据上文“has got 7.4 million”以及“video”可知，此处指视频的观看数量，应用view。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：西玛作为网红的故事始于72岁，当时她第一次有了一个Instagram账户。A. began开始；B. changed改变；C. existed存在；D. improved改善。根据后文“when she first got an Instagram account”可知，是在说明作为网红的故事始于72岁，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于对影响者的好奇，她进行了深入的研究，却发现在她的年龄组中并没有那么多的声音。A. Anxious焦虑的；B. Confident自信的；C. Curious好奇的；D. Shy害羞的。根据后文“a deep research”可知，深入研究是处于好奇，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于对影响者的好奇，她进行了深入的研究，却发现在她的年龄组中并没有那么多的声音。A. continued继续；B. confirmed确认；C. credited相信；D. conducted实施。根据后文“a deep research”指实施深入研究应用动词conduct。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们从来没提过50、60、70。A. control控制；B. mention提及；C. ignore忽视；D. require要求。根据后文“The magazines would always have headlines like “How to look your best at 20, 30, and 40.”(杂志的标题总是“如何在20岁、30岁和40岁时保持最佳状态”)”可知，杂志没有提及五十、六十和七十岁的人。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，她决定建立一个账户来讨论老龄化问题。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Instead相反。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了她的视频，西玛还有一个博客，她在那里详细谈论衰老和时尚。A. magazines杂志；B. diaries日记；C. reports报告；D. videos视频。呼应第二段“Recently, Candace’s video”指她的视频，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提醒读者，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的；在20世纪20年代和30年代，不戴帽子被认为是非常糟糕的品味；而在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。A. reminds提醒；B. warns警告；C. imagines想象；D. guarantees保证。根据后文“in the 1800s, it was for a woman to show her ankles in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women”可知她在提醒读者一些事实，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她提醒读者，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的；在20世纪20年代和30年代，不戴帽子被认为是非常糟糕的品味；而在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。A. unchangeable不变的；B. unstoppable不可阻挡的；C. unacceptable无法接受的；D. unavoidable不可阻挡的。根据后文“for a woman to show her ankles in public”以及常识，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提醒读者，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的；在20世纪20年代和30年代，不戴帽子被认为是非常糟糕的品味；而在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。A. sent发送；B. expected期待；C. promised承诺；D. trained训练。根据上文“for a woman to show her ankles in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women were often”主要描述了一些对女性着装的要求，可推测在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。短语be expected to表示“被期待……”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提出了一个观点，即衰老是否是一件坏事，我们是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的。A. decide决定；B. reveal揭露；C. illustrate说明；D. request要求。根据后文“whether aging is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging”可知，衰老是否是一件坏事，是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她提出了一个观点，即衰老是否是一件坏事，我们是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的。A. theory理论；B. process过程；C. freedom自由；D. accident事故。根据上文“our natural aging”此处指自然衰老过程，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，每个人都会变老，所以我们应该把这些变化正常化，学会积极地看待它们。A. Above all首先；B. At all根本；C. In all总之；D. After all毕竟。根据后文“everyone ages”可知，我们应该积极看待老去，毕竟每个人都会变老。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，每个人都会变老，所以我们应该把这些变化正常化，学会积极地看待它们。A. instantly立即地；B. obviously显然地；C. efficiently高效地；D. positively积极地。根据上文“so we should normalize these changes and learn to see them”可知，我们应该正常看待老去的变化，学会积极地看待它们。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“改变人们看法的唯一方法就是告诉他们，变老是一种礼物，是一种值得接受、珍惜和分享的东西，”她写道。A. abandoned抛弃；B. valued珍惜；C. changed改变；D. quit停止。上文“aging is a gift, something to be embraced”可知，本句是积极词汇，表示变老是一种礼物，是一种值得接受、珍惜和分享的东西。故选B。
第二节 短文填空(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, “patient escorts (陪护)” has appeared as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career ____36____ (know) as “people who sell time”. Zhang Tian, a 26-year-old girl, is one of them.
“Get up at 6 a.m., arrive at the hospital one hour ____37____ (early) to help patients check in, and escort patients during consultations. Being patient and ____38____ (energy) is the basic requirements for a hospital escort,” Zhang Tian said. “In fact, a hospital escort cares for not only patients’ physical health, but also their mental well-being.”
Zhang Tian used to work in the Internet industry but ever since she hit a wall in her career, she ____39____ (be) a professional hospital escort. The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. “I received ____40____phone call on September 9 from a man ____41____ father was seriously ill and might need surgery.” Zhang Tian said. All through the next day, Zhang Tian helped the elderly man with his consultations and treatment. “Later, the family expressed ____42____ (they) gratitude to me over and over again, ____43____ (warm) my heart and giving me a sense of achievement,” Zhang added.
Although in the eyes of others, this is not a decent job, Zhang Tian regards this job as her startup. “I ____44____ (actual) think there will be a greater demand _____45_____ such services in the future. I also want to expand my services in the future, such as cooking food for the elderly and traveling with the elderly,” she says.
【答案】36. are known
37. earlier
38. energetic
39. has been
40. a 41. whose
42. their 43. warming
44. actually
45. for
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过章天的例子讲述了“病人陪护”作为一个新的行业出现了。
【36题详解】
考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：近年来，“病人陪护”作为一个新的行业出现了，从事这一职业的人被称为“出卖时间的人”。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列句，空处作后一分句的谓语。主语those表示复数，和谓语动词know之间是动宾关系，且根据句意可知，这里表示现实情况，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语应用复数形式。也可将be known as视为固定结构，意为“被称为”。故填are known。
【37题详解】
考查比较级。句意：早上6点起床，提前一小时到达医院帮助患者办理入住手续，并在会诊时陪护患者。根据空前的“one hour”，这里表示提前一小时，应用比较级。副词early的比较级是earlier。故填earlier。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：耐心和精力充沛是医院陪护的基本要求。根据and前的形容词patient，空处也应用形容词，和patient一起构成并列结构，作Being的表语。energetic意为“精力充沛的，积极主动的”。故填energetic。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：章天曾在互联网行业工作，但自从事业碰壁后，她就成了一名专业的医院陪护。根据句中的时间状语从句“ever since she hit a wall in her career”，这里应用现在完成时。主语she为第三人称单数，所以谓语应用单数形式。故填has been。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：9月9日，我接到一个男人的电话，他的父亲病重，可能需要手术。这里泛指一通电话，且phone的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a man，且和father之间是所属关系，表示“这个男人的父亲”，该空在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：后来，这家人一遍又一遍地对我表示感谢，这温暖了我的心，给了我成就感。根据空后的“gratitude”，这里应用形容词性物主代词their，作定语。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查现在分词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词，和后面and giving...构成并列结构。根据句意，这家人的感谢温暖了她，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词的一般式作结果状语。故填warming。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：事实上，我认为未来对这类服务的需求会更大。这里应用副词作状语修饰动词think。actually意为“事实上”。故填actually。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意参考上题。a demand for...为固定搭配，意为“对……的需求”。故填for。
第三节 单词拼写：根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
46. They have maintained a close a________ with each other since they studied in the US. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】association##ssociation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：自从他们在美国学习以来，他们之间一直保持着密切的联系。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词association“联系”，可数名词，由空前不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式。故填association。
47. Most authorities agree that play is an e________ part of a child’s development. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】essential##ssential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大多数权威人士都同意游戏是儿童发展一个必不可少的组成部分。根据首字母和句意提示可知，此处应填入形容词essential(必不可少的)作定语，修饰part，故填essential。
48. The Forbidden City was used by the emperors during the Ming and Qing D________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】Dynasties##ynasties
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：紫禁城是明清两朝皇帝的御用宫殿。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词dynasty“朝代”，可数名词，作介词宾语，由the Ming and Qing可知，此处指两个朝代，应用名词复数形式。故填Dynasties。
49. Our school has launched a c________ to raise money for the homeless people in the disaster-stricken area. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】campaign##ampaign
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们学校发起了一项为灾区无家可归的人筹款的运动。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词campaign“运动”，可数名词，由空前不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式，作宾语。故填campaign。
50. It suddenly s________me how we could improve the situation. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】struck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我突然想到我们该如何改善这种情况了。根据句意和首字母提示，表示“某人突然想到……”用句型it strikes/ struck sb….，根据后文could可知应用一般过去时。故填struck。
51. “They’re coming, ” he said in an excited ________(低语). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】whisper
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：“他们来了”他激动地低声说。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词whisper，作宾语，可数名词，由空前不定冠词可知，应用单数形式。故填whisper。
52. No wonder the movie attracted so many people; it was an ________ (改编) from a true romantic story. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】adaptation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：难怪这部电影吸引了这么多人，这是一个真实故事的改编版。根据句意和中文提示可知此处填写名词形式adaptation表示“改编版本”作表语，冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填adaptation。
53. Paintings created by Impressionists were far less ________(现实的) than the works that came before. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】realistic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：印象派画家创作的绘画远不如以前的作品有现实感。根据空前的were，空处应用形容词作表语，结合汉语提示，这里应用形容词realistic。故填realistic。
54. On closer ________(审视), the painting proved to be authentic. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】examination
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过仔细检查，这幅画被证明是真迹。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词examination，作宾语，不可数。故填examination。
55. She promised to ________(陪伴) her younger brother on the trip to Africa. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】accompany
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她答应陪她弟弟去非洲旅行。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词accompany，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故填accompany。
第四节 短语填空： (共10小题，每小题0. 5分，满分5分)
从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。
tear apart; consist of; cry out for; throw oneself into; be down to; speak volumes about; in one’s own right; for good measure; out of this world; as opposed to; do the trick
56. Nowadays, people are spending less and less time outdoors and their body systems are ________ vitamin D.
57. Political disagreement about the war appeared and then ________ this father and son.
58. These pills should ________, and you will feel much better in no time.
59. Every time Mum cooks lunch for us, she prepares 50g rice per person and an extra spoonful ________.
60. With the examination approaching, it’s time that I should ________ hard work.
61. This article seeks to look at benefits of physical activities ________ reading a book or watching television.
62. Your posture, movements and expression will ________ you before you even open your month.
63. She became rich ________ rather than by any other means.
64. A committee, ________ ten members, will take charge of the whole project.
65. Many health problems ________ unhealthy habits such as overeating, smoking and drinking.
【答案】56. crying out for
57. tore apart
58. do the trick
59. for good measure
60. throw myself into
61. as opposed to
62. speak volumes about
63. in her own right
64. consisting of
65. are down to
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如今，人们花在户外的时间越来越少，他们的身体系统迫切需要维生素D。根据句意可知，此处表示“迫切需要”，应用动词短语cry out for，句子陈述目前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时。故填crying out for。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：关于战争的政治分歧出现了，然后这对父子分裂了。根据句意可知，此处表示“分裂”，应用动词短语tear apart，由Political disagreement about the war appeared可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填tore apart。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这些药应该有效果，你很快就会感觉好多了。根据句意可知，此处表示“奏效；起作用”，应用动词短语do the trick，情态动词后接动词原形。故填do the trick。
【59题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：妈妈每次给我们做午饭，每人要准备50克米饭，另外还要额外多准备一勺。根据句意可知，此处表示“额外的量”，应用介词短语for good measure。故填for good measure。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：随着考试的临近，是我应该投入到刻苦学习的时候了。根据句意可知，此处表示“积极投入到……中去”，应用动词短语throw oneself into，主语是I，应用反身代词myself，情态动词后接动词原形。故填throw myself into。
【61题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：本文旨在探讨体育活动的好处，而不是读书或看电视。根据句意可知，此处表示“而不是，与⋯⋯相对”，应用介词短语as opposed to。故填as opposed to。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：你的姿势、动作和表情在你开始一个月之前就已经充分说明了你。根据句意可知，此处表示“充分说明”，应用动词短语speak volumes about，情态动词后接动词原形。故填speak volumes about。
【63题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：她靠自己的力量而不是通过任何其他方式变得富有。根据句意可知，此处表示“靠自己的力量”，应用介词短语in one’s own right，主语是she，应用代词her。故填in her own right。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：一个由十人组成的委员会将负责整个项目。根据句意可知，此处表示“由……组成”，应用动词短语consist of，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填consisting of。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：许多健康问题可归因于不健康的习惯，如暴饮暴食、吸烟和饮酒。根据句意可知，此处表示“可归因于”，应用动词短语be down to，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are down to。
第五节 单句语法填空：在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
66. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house____________(rebuild). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is being rebuilt
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他们暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。because引导的从句中主语是house，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数，且主语和谓语动词rebuild之间是被动关系，结合句意可知表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，故应用现在进行时态的被动语态。故填is being rebuilt。
67. Don’t talk loudly while having meals in public places, ________ you’ll be considered impolite. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】or
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：在公共场所吃饭时不要大声说话，否则你会被认为是不礼貌的。此处为“祈使句+or+简单句”，or后简单句表不理想的结果。故填or。
68. When he was walking in the wood with caution, a rabbit ________(jump) out all of a sudden, giving him a fright. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】jumped
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态，句意：当他在树林里小心翼翼地走着的时候，一只兔子突然跳出来，把他吓了一跳。此处是主句谓语动词，由When he was walking in the wood with caution可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填jumped。
69. With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves_________(pay) attention to. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】paying##to be paid
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，现状值得关注。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“deserve doing sth.”，意为“值得做某事”，有被动含义，或用“deserve to be done”，“pay”的动名词形式为“paying”，过去分词为“paid”，故空格处可填“paying”或“to be paid”。故填paying/to be paid。
70. I fell and broke two teeth the other day and I thought I could benefit from getting them ________(fix). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fixed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：前几天我摔断了两颗牙，我想把它们修好会对我有好处。非谓语动词fix与宾语them是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语，表被动。故填fixed。
71. The conference currently ________(hold) in Beijing has caught the attention of the mass media. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being held
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前正在北京举行的会议引起了大众媒体的注意。分析句子可知，空处作conference的后置定语，是非谓语动词，结合currently可知，此处强调动作正在进行，且hold和conference逻辑上是被动关系，应用hold现在分词的被动语态being held。故填being held。
72. Once ________(expose), soil is quickly eaten away by wind and rain. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土壤一旦暴露在外，很快就会被风雨侵蚀。分析句子结构可知expose与soil构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填exposed。
73. All the students in our class have got down to ________(make) preparations for the final examination. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们班所有的学生都开始着手准备期末考试。固定搭配get down to doing sth.“开始做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填making。
74. In a society where ________(be) thin is often seen as a kind of beauty, teenagers sometimes go to extremes in order to slim down quickly. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】being
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个通常被视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端措施迅速减肥。分析句子结构，where引导定语从句，此处作从句主语应用动名词短语作主语，being thin变瘦，符合题意。故填being。
75. ________(earn) some extra money, I had to take part-time jobs in my spare time. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To earn
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了挣些外快，我不得不在业余时间做兼职。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，表示“为了挣……”，应用earn的不定式形式to earn，且空处位于句首，to首字母应大写。故填To earn。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分15分)
76. 假如你是李华，你校将举行一次关于中国文化的社团展示活动，如：食物、民乐、绘画等。请你写一封邮件给外教James，邀请他参与活动，内容包括：
1. 活动的时间和地点；
2. 活动的内容；
3. 期待对方参与。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear James,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear James,
I’m writing to tell you that our school will hold a club exhibition on Chinese culture.
It will be held on our schools playground lasting for a week. I sincerely invite you to experience the event. Don’t worry about being bored of it, because there will be many things you can do, such as enjoying Chinese traditional food, listening to folk music, appreciating Chinese landscape paintings, reading Chinese classical works and Chinese idioms.
I’m certain that you will like the event, and I’m looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教James写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校将要举行关于中国文化的社团展示活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→conduct
真诚地：sincerely→honestly
确定的：certain→sure
喜欢：like→be fond of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will be held on our schools playground lasting for a week.
拓展句：It will be held on our schools playground, which will last for a week.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It will be held on our schools playground lasting for a week.(运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I’m writing to tell you that our school will hold a club exhibition on Chinese culture. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
2022~2023学年度第二学期高一期末试卷
英 语
注意：本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。两部分答案都做在答题卡上。总分为150分。考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman keep her skin healthy?
A. She gets plenty of sleep. B. She protects it from the sun. C. She washes it only with water.
2. What will the man do on Thursday?
A. Visit a zoo. B. Go to school. C. Attend a meeting.
3. What sport do the speakers want to play?
A. Tennis. B. Basketball. C. Badminton.
4. Why won’t the woman eat meat for dinner?
A. She thinks it tastes bad. B. She is trying to lose weight. C. She prefers what the man orders.
5. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Find keys. B. Open a bottle. C. Buy kitchen equipment.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where do they find the starting time for the movie?
A. On the Internet. B. In the newspaper. C. On the radio.
7. What does the man seldom use his phone for?
A. Ordering taxis. B. Making phone calls. C. Shopping for food.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who is the woman?
A. A tour guide. B. A story writer. C. A visitor.
9. Which part of the park will the man probably visit first?
A. The southern part. B. The northern part. C. The eastern part.
10. When will the man leave the park?
A. In four hours. B. In five hours. C. In six hours.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How did the woman feel after the race?
A. Excited. B. Angry. C. Disappointed.
12. Who does the charity aim to help according to the woman?
A. Old people. B. Homeless pets. C. Injured runners.
13. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Change her clothes. B. Donate some money. C. Be ready to be photographed.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Shop owner and customer. B. Teacher and student. C. Former schoolmates.
15. Where did Marilyn work over the summer?
A. At a cafe. B. At a cinema. C. At a library.
16. What will Blake probably study at university?
A. Computer science. B. Geography. C. Medicine.
17. What will Blake do on Friday?
A. Hand in an essay. B. Leave for university. C. Watch a film.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did the speaker start working in Green University?
A. One year ago. B. Two years ago. C. Five years ago.
19. What type of movie will be shown at 12: 30 p. m.?
A. A scary movie. B. A funny movie. C. An action movie.
20. What is special about the movie Run and Hide?
A. It was filmed at the university.
B. It includes a lot of special effects.
C. It is a collection of cartoons.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
About Us
ScienceABC.com was launched with the only goal of finding and sharing fun and interesting science facts. We believe that science is a fascinating (有极大吸引力的) and valuable area of study for people of all ages.
The Story So Far
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) as a field of education creates fear among many. But we believe that if told in a simpler way, it can be fascinating for one and all. This thought gave birth to ScienceABC. com in 2015. Since then, our mission has been to find interesting science questions and provide answers to them using proper scientific resources and journals.
The Team
Abhishek Jain, the chief
Abhishek is a Chemical Engineer from IIT Bombay (India). In 2012, he started BijliBachao.com, a website devoted to pushing consumer behavior towards sustainability and energy-efficient living. However, his love for science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC.
Ashish Tiwari, content manager/physics and chemistry editor
Ashish is a Science graduate from Punjabi University (India). He manages ScienceABC’s official Youtube channel. He is enthusiastic about how thoroughly science influences every aspect of life.
John Staughton, language editor
John is a traveling writer, editor and publisher who earned his English and Integrative Biology degrees from the University of Illinois in Champaign, Urbana (USA). He loves nothing more than discussing science.
Ketaki Bapat, writer
Ketaki Bapat is a student of Cosmetic Technology at Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur(India). Science has always intrigued her with her special interest in life sciences, biochemistry and psychology. During her free time, she enjoys reading historical books
1. What is special about ScienceABC.com?
A. It is intended for children. B. It publishes scientific journals.
C It explains science in simple words. D. It focuses on designing STEM courses.
2. What can we learn about Abhishek Jain?
A. He acts as a content manager. B. He is a professor of IIT Bombay.
C. He started ScienceABC.com in 2012. D. He supports environmentally-friendly living.
3. What do the team members have in common?
A. They like reading historical books. B. They are good at engineering.
C. They have enthusiasm for science. D. They graduated from Indian schools.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ScienceABC.com成立的背景以及成员信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) as a field of education creates fear among many. But we believe that if told in a simpler way, it can be fascinating for one and all.(STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）作为一个教育领域让许多人感到恐惧。但我们相信，如果以一种更简单的方式讲述，它可以吸引所有人)”可知，ScienceABC.com的特别之处是它用简单的语言解释科学。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Abhishek is a Chemical Engineer from IIT Bombay (India). In 2012, he started BijliBachao.com, a website devoted to pushing consumer behavior towards sustainability and energy-efficient living. However, his love for science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC.(Abhishek是印度理工学院孟买分校的化学工程师。2012年，他创办了BijliBachao.com，一个致力于推动消费者行为走向可持续和节能生活的网站。然而，他对科学教育的热爱逐渐驱使他创办了ScienceABC)”可知，Abhishek Jain支持环保生活。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“However, his love for science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC.(然而，他对科学教育的热爱逐渐驱使他创办了ScienceABC)”；倒数第三段“He is enthusiastic about how thoroughly science influences every aspect of life.(他对科学如何彻底地影响生活的方方面面充满热情)”；倒数第二段“He loves nothing more than discussing science.(他最喜欢讨论科学)”以及最后一段“Science has always intrigued her with her special interest in life sciences, biochemistry and psychology.(她对生命科学、生物化学和心理学有着特殊的兴趣，一直对科学很感兴趣)”可知，团队成员的共同之处是他们对科学有热情。故选C。
B
National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time outdoors,” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, scuba diving, and windsurfing.
“In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.
Vaz had an interest in the medium of film, and decided to pursue a career in wildlife filmmaking. Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, writer, and presenter.
After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, cover a wide range. And while she’s been asked to define her focus, she prefers variety, and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear.
Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories-she’s also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the message of the films they work on.
From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”
4. Which of the following helped Vaz combine adventure with nature protection?
A. Wildlife film-making. B. Free lifestyle.
C. Childhood experience. D. Outdoor activities.
5. What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention?
A. Vaz’s home on the coast. B. Vaz’s experience of mountain climbing.
C. The history of Green Oscar. D. The illegal hunting of mantas.
6. What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz?
A. The backgrounds of policy makers. B. The influence of films.
C. The guidance from environmentalists. D. The combined efforts of people.
7. Which of the following best describes Vaz?
A. Enthusiastic but careless. B. Adventurous and insightful.
C. Knowledgeable but proud. D. Humorous and patient.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国家地理探险家Malaika Vaz将冒险与自然保护结合起来，从事野生动物电影制作。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.(Vaz说：“在我十几岁的时候，我开始觉得，如果没有保护我们探索的自然空间的意图，冒险就没有任何意义。”她开始寻找一个既能满足她对冒险的渴望，又能让她支持物种和生态系统保护的出路)”可知，童年经历帮助Vaz将冒险与自然保护结合起来。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.(在她家附近的海岸爱上蝠鲼后，她发现它们被非法猎杀，于是她把自己打扮成一名海鲜贸易商，尽可能地接近这个问题。她追踪了世界上许多地方的人贩子，以找出蝠鲼被杀害的原因。她分享了秘密制作Peng Yu Sai的挑战，这是她获得奥斯卡绿色提名的电影)”可知，电影Peng Yu Sai提到了蝠鲼的非法捕猎。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”(从Vaz的角度来看，真正改善地球的方式取决于来自不同背景的许多有能力的人。“事实是，我们不需要十个真正热情、坚定的环保主义者。我们需要1亿或100万人能在这个领域做一点事情，并在他们的能力范围内改变事情。”)”可知，Vaz认为，保护地球真正重要的是人们的共同努力。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure.(国家地理探险家Malaika Vaz从很早的时候就知道她注定要去冒险)”以及最后一段“From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”(从Vaz的角度来看，真正改善地球的方式取决于来自不同背景的许多有能力的人。“事实是，我们不需要十个真正热情、坚定的环保主义者。我们需要1亿或100万人能在这个领域做一点事情，并在他们的能力范围内改变事情。”)”可推知，Vaz有冒险精神和洞察力。故选B。
C
When people are overworked or tired, they may take a break by visiting green spaces like forests to relax. But can there be forests inside cities?
Urban forests are not acres and acres of lush greenery. They range from the trees in the park on the corner of your street to the trees lining the sidewalk, or simply bushes in your own backyard!
The idea of care and management for tree populations in urban areas began in North America in the late 1960s and was first called environmental forestry. The greening improved greying cities and soon skyrocketed in popularity. It has now become a whole new discipline of forestry called urban forestry.
Urban forests have the potential to help cities cool down and can be the heart of a city’s social life. Even a tiny patch of ground with a few trees can enrich children’s playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children. They also encourage community interaction: people tend to hang out together a lot more when green spaces are available.
How can we incorporate forests into cities? There are external factors in towns that make it challenging to design urban forests into cities. For example, how does a city plant and maintain the trees? Tree canopies can block people’s view, which could lead to accidents. Urban trees can also cause damage to buildings, due to their roots, and through the falling of whole trees or branches.
However, if we plan waste removal operations in advance, we can handle this issue efficiently; the waste parts can be used for other purposes, such as timber and fuelwood.
So do we need more unban forests? Absolutely! Urban forests represent a city-dweller’s easiest access to nature. Given that, cities need to find more creative ideas to provide this beautiful resource for their residents!
8. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Add some background information. B. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C. Give an example to support a theory. D. Provide readers with some advice.
9. What impact do urban forests have on children?
A. Developing writing skills. B. Improving mental health.
C. Learning responsibility. D. Mastering gardening tips.
10. What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Modem cities. B. Urban forests. C. Creative ideas. D. Environmental issues.
11. What’s the author’s attitude towards urban forests?
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了城市森林想法的起源以及可以带来的好处。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The idea of care and management for tree populations in urban areas began in North America in the late 1960s and was first called environmental forestry. The greening improved greying cities and soon skyrocketed in popularity. It has now become a whole new discipline of forestry called urban forestry.(照顾和管理城市树木种群的想法始于20世纪60年代末的北美，最初被称为环境林业。绿化改善了老龄化的城市，并迅速普及。它现在已经成为一门全新的林业学科，叫做城市林业)”可推知，作者在第3段旨在添加一些背景信息。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Even a tiny patch of ground with a few trees can enrich children’s playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children.(即使是一小块地，种上几棵树，也能丰富孩子的游乐场，对孩子的心理发展产生积极的影响)”可知，城市森林可以改善儿童的心理健康。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Urban forests have the potential to help cities cool down and can be the heart of a city’s social life. Even a tiny patch of ground with a few trees can enrich children’s playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children.(城市森林具有帮助城市降温的潜力，可以成为城市社会生活的核心。即使是一小块地，种上几棵树，也能丰富孩子的游乐场，对孩子的心理发展产生积极的影响)”以及划线词后文“also encourage community interaction: people tend to hang out together a lot more when green spaces are available”可知，上文列举了Urban forests的好处，also表示补充，后文说明的是城市森林还鼓励社区互动：当绿色空间可用时，人们倾向于更多地在一起闲逛。由此可知，划线词they指的是“城市森林”。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So do we need more unban forests? Absolutely! Urban forests represent a city-dweller’s easiest access to nature. Given that, cities need to find more creative ideas to provide this beautiful resource for their residents!(那么，我们需要更多的城市森林吗？绝对的！城市森林是城市居民最容易接近大自然的地方。考虑到这一点，城市需要找到更多的创意来为居民提供这种美丽的资源！)”可推知，作者对城市森林的态度是支持的。故选B。
D
After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to help.
Previously, there were AI models that could tum text into images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine.
The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, which consisted of brain scans from four participants (参加者) as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data-when a part of the brain is activated (激活), more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.
Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy (精确), according to the researchers.
The new study created a new approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher (破译) the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine.
In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality.
12. How did the AI know about the activities of human brains?
A. By activating every part of human brains.
B. By recording participants’ dreams.
C. By viewing a great number of photos online.
D. By examining differences in participants’ blood flow.
13. How did the AI improve the accuracy of final images?
A. It analyzed the relationship between brain activities and photos.
B. It compared photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train.
C. It processed additional brain scan data using the “text-to-image” model.
D. It examined the brain activities of the four participants.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Further explanations of the research.
B. Potential risks of the new technology.
C. Expectations for the application of the technology.
D. Supporting evidence for the success of the research.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. AI knows brain scan data of participants
B. AI learns the reaction of human brains
C. AI changes text into images with the help of fMRI
D. AI uses brain scans to re-create images people see
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员训练人工智能获取大脑扫描结果并再生成图像。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data-when a part of the brain is activated (激活), more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos. (然后，人工智能通过分析功能磁共振成像数据显示的血流变化来了解大脑活动——当大脑的一部分被激活时，更多的血液会流向它。然后将大脑活动与照片进行匹配。通过这种方法，人工智能了解了人类大脑在看到不同照片时的反应)”可知，人工智能通过检测参与者血液流动的差异来了解人类大脑的活动。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy (精确), according to the researchers. (最后，研究人员在这些参与者观看玩具熊、飞机、时钟和火车的照片时，对人工智能进行了额外的脑部扫描。例如，如果一个人看着一架飞机，人工智能将使用大脑扫描数据来创建一个非常模糊的飞机图像。然后，它会打开之前的“文本到图像”模型，并通过输入关键字“飞机”来提高图像的质量。根据研究人员的说法，最终的图像“令人信服”，准确率约为80%)”可推知，人工智能通过使用“文本到图像”模型处理额外的脑部扫描数据，从而提高最终图像的准确性。故选C。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality. (在未来，科学家们希望这项技术可以用来记录想象中的想法和梦想，或者让人们了解其他动物对现实的感知有多么不同)”可知，最后一段主要是对该技术应用的期望。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Previously, there were AI models that could tum text into images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine. (此前，有一些人工智能模型可以将文本转换为图像。据《科学》杂志报道，这一次，日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个名为“稳定扩散”的人工智能系统，该系统可以根据人们的脑部扫描重新创建图像)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员训练人工智能获取大脑扫描结果并再生成图像。由此可知，D. AI uses brain scans to re-create images people see(人工智能使用脑部扫描来重建人们看到的图像)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both jogging and running are beneficial but require different body techniques. Running needs more speed and power and is more intense (剧烈的). ____16____ These two exercises differ in several aspects. Many joggers and runners may not know how to run properly, so let’s touch on everything about jogging.
What is Jogging?
____17____ One of the first mentions of jogging was when William Shakespeare wrote about it in his book The Taming of the Shrew. A line in the book mentioned the word jogging, but it was speaking about leaving and not the exercise itself. The exercise was not recorded until the mid 17th century in England, and it became popular in the United States as a training exercise for athletes. Jogging has now developed into an exercise to lose weight and a form of running at a slow or relaxing pace. It’s usually performed over long distances and is a type of aerobic endurance training. On the other hand, running has long been a common activity even among our earliest ancestors. It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace. ____18____
Definition and Intensity of Jogging
Almost anyone can jog. Jogging can be performed at any pace depending on the person’s desired results. ____19____ Running is the more intense version of jogging and sprinting (快速奔跑) is the more intense version of running. Running requires more speed and body tolerance as it can tire the person and use up oxygen quickly. It is one of the fastest activities that people can perform with their feet.
How Many Calories Does Jogging Burn?
Jogging can burn more than three times the calories compared with walking. An hour’s jog can burn almost 584 calories for a 72-kg person jogging at a speed of 8 kph. ____20____ You can calculate how many calories to burn by jogging in order to lose weight with our daily calories calculator easily.
A. Jogging requires you to keep calm.
B. Ancestors ran for hunting food and protection.
C. Jogging was not discovered at any particular time.
D. However, there is some doubt whether you are running in a correct way.
E. Jogging, on the other hand, has a slower pace and involves more muscle use.
F. It can also be done at a relaxing pace that is only a little faster than walking.
G. A person of the same weight walking at 3.2 kph burns about 30 calories in 10 minutes.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出慢跑和跑步都是有益的，但需要不同的身体技术，许多慢跑者和跑步者可能不知道如何正确地跑步，因此作者介绍了关于慢跑的一些知识。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Both jogging and running are beneficial but require different body techniques. Running needs more speed and power and is more intense (剧烈的).(慢跑和跑步都是有益的，但需要不同的身体技术。跑步需要更多的速度和力量，也更激烈)”可知，慢跑和跑步都是有益的，但需要不同的身体技术，上文指出了跑步的要求，接下来应该是讲慢跑的要求。由此可知，A. Jogging requires you to keep calm.(慢跑需要你保持冷静)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据下文“One of the first mentions of jogging was when William Shakespeare wrote about it in his book The Taming of the Shrew.(最早提到慢跑的是威廉·莎士比亚在他的著作《驯悍记》中提到的慢跑)”“ The exercise was not recorded until the mid 17th century in England, and it became popular in the United States as a training exercise for athletes.(直到17世纪中叶，这项运动才在英国被记录下来，并在美国作为运动员的训练运动而流行起来)”及“It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace.(这是一种自然发生的活动，作为一种快节奏的旅行形式)”可知，慢跑不是在某个特定的时间被发现的, 是一种自然发生的活动。由此可知，C. Jogging was not discovered at any particular time. (慢跑不是在某个特定的时间被发现的)能够引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据上文“On the other hand, running has long been a common activity even among our earliest ancestors. It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace.(另一方面，即使在我们最早的祖先中，跑步也一直是一种常见的活动。这是一种自然发生的活动，作为一种快节奏的旅行形式)”可知，此处在讲述我们最早的祖先进行的跑步活动。由此可知，B. Ancestors ran for hunting food and protection.(祖先奔跑是为了狩猎、食物和保护)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Jogging can be performed at any pace depending on the person’s desired results.(慢跑可以根据个人期望的结果以任何速度进行)”可知，慢跑的速度可以因人而异。由此可知，F. It can also be done at a relaxing pace that is only a little faster than walking.(也可以以轻松的速度完成，只比走路快一点)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据本段小标题“How Many Calories Does Jogging Burn?(慢跑能燃烧多少卡路里？)”可知，本段在讲述慢跑能燃烧多少热量。由此可知，G. A person of the same weight walking at 3.2 kph burns about 30 calories in 10 minutes.(同样体重的人以每小时3.2公里的速度行走，10分钟可燃烧约30卡路里)符合本段语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Candace Leslie Cima is a 75-year-old fashion and lifestyle influencer working to change the attitudes regarding aging.
Recently, Candace’s video, sharing a comment on her sleeveless shirt style that says “you’re 60, you shouldn’t bare your arms,” has got 7. 4 million ____21____ on TikTok. She is only answering with “I am 75, actually”.
Cima’s story as an influencer ____22____ at 72, when she first got an Instagram account. ____23____ about what influencers were, she ____24____ a deep research, only to find that there weren’t that many voices in her age group. The magazines would always have headlines like “How to look your best at 20, 30, and 40.” Never did they ____25____ 50, 60, and 70. ____26____ , she decided to establish an account to discuss the issue of aging.
In addition to her ____27____ , Cima also has a blog where she speaks in detail about aging and fashion. She ____28____ her readers that in the 1800s, it was ____29____ for a woman to show her ankles (脚踝) in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women were often ____30____ to wear gloves. The list goes on.
She makes a point saying that it is we who ____31____ whether aging is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging ____32____ and let others make us feel less than we are. ____33____ , everyone ages, so we should normalize these changes and learn to see them ____34____ .
“The only way to change people’s view is to show them that aging is a gift, something to be embraced, ____35____ and shared,” she writes.
21. A. efforts B. views C. chats D. effects
22. A. began B. changed C. existed D. improved
23. A. Anxious B. Confident C. Curious D. Shy
24. A. continued B. confirmed C. credited D. conducted
25. A. control B. mention C. ignore D. require
26. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Instead
27. A. magazines B. diaries C. reports D. videos
28. A. reminds B. warns C. imagines D. guarantees
29. A. unchangeable B. unstoppable C. unacceptable D. unavoidable
30. A. sent B. expected C. promised D. trained
31. A. decide B. reveal C. illustrate D. request
32. A. theory B. process C. freedom D. accident
33. A. Above all B. At all C. In all D. After all
34. A. instantly B. obviously C. efficiently D. positively
35. A. abandoned B. valued C. changed D. quit
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了坎迪斯·莱斯利·西玛是一位75岁的时尚和生活方式影响者，致力于改变人们对衰老的态度，文章介绍了她对老去的看法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，坎迪斯的视频在TikTok上获得了740万次观看，视频分享了一条关于她的无袖衬衫风格的评论，上面写着“你60岁了，你不应该裸露手臂”。A. efforts努力；B. views观看；C. chats聊天；D. effects效果。根据上文“has got 7.4 million”以及“video”可知，此处指视频的观看数量，应用view。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：西玛作为网红的故事始于72岁，当时她第一次有了一个Instagram账户。A. began开始；B. changed改变；C. existed存在；D. improved改善。根据后文“when she first got an Instagram account”可知，是在说明作为网红的故事始于72岁，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于对影响者的好奇，她进行了深入的研究，却发现在她的年龄组中并没有那么多的声音。A. Anxious焦虑的；B. Confident自信的；C. Curious好奇的；D. Shy害羞的。根据后文“a deep research”可知，深入研究是处于好奇，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于对影响者的好奇，她进行了深入的研究，却发现在她的年龄组中并没有那么多的声音。A. continued继续；B. confirmed确认；C. credited相信；D. conducted实施。根据后文“a deep research”指实施深入研究应用动词conduct。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们从来没提过50、60、70。A. control控制；B. mention提及；C. ignore忽视；D. require要求。根据后文“The magazines would always have headlines like “How to look your best at 20, 30, and 40.”(杂志的标题总是“如何在20岁、30岁和40岁时保持最佳状态”)”可知，杂志没有提及五十、六十和七十岁的人。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，她决定建立一个账户来讨论老龄化问题。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Instead相反。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了她的视频，西玛还有一个博客，她在那里详细谈论衰老和时尚。A. magazines杂志；B. diaries日记；C. reports报告；D. videos视频。呼应第二段“Recently, Candace’s video”指她的视频，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提醒读者，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的；在20世纪20年代和30年代，不戴帽子被认为是非常糟糕的品味；而在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。A. reminds提醒；B. warns警告；C. imagines想象；D. guarantees保证。根据后文“in the 1800s, it was for a woman to show her ankles in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women”可知她在提醒读者一些事实，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她提醒读者，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的；在20世纪20年代和30年代，不戴帽子被认为是非常糟糕的品味；而在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。A. unchangeable不变的；B. unstoppable不可阻挡的；C. unacceptable无法接受的；D. unavoidable不可阻挡的。根据后文“for a woman to show her ankles in public”以及常识，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提醒读者，在19世纪，女性在公共场合露出脚踝是不可接受的；在20世纪20年代和30年代，不戴帽子被认为是非常糟糕的品味；而在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。A. sent发送；B. expected期待；C. promised承诺；D. trained训练。根据上文“for a woman to show her ankles in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women were often”主要描述了一些对女性着装的要求，可推测在20世纪40年代和50年代，女性通常被要求戴手套。短语be expected to表示“被期待……”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提出了一个观点，即衰老是否是一件坏事，我们是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的。A. decide决定；B. reveal揭露；C. illustrate说明；D. request要求。根据后文“whether aging is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging”可知，衰老是否是一件坏事，是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她提出了一个观点，即衰老是否是一件坏事，我们是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的。A. theory理论；B. process过程；C. freedom自由；D. accident事故。根据上文“our natural aging”此处指自然衰老过程，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，每个人都会变老，所以我们应该把这些变化正常化，学会积极地看待它们。A. Above all首先；B. At all根本；C. In all总之；D. After all毕竟。根据后文“everyone ages”可知，我们应该积极看待老去，毕竟每个人都会变老。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，每个人都会变老，所以我们应该把这些变化正常化，学会积极地看待它们。A. instantly立即地；B. obviously显然地；C. efficiently高效地；D. positively积极地。根据上文“so we should normalize these changes and learn to see them”可知，我们应该正常看待老去的变化，学会积极地看待它们。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“改变人们看法的唯一方法就是告诉他们，变老是一种礼物，是一种值得接受、珍惜和分享的东西，”她写道。A. abandoned抛弃；B. valued珍惜；C. changed改变；D. quit停止。上文“aging is a gift, something to be embraced”可知，本句是积极词汇，表示变老是一种礼物，是一种值得接受、珍惜和分享的东西。故选B。
第二节 短文填空(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, “patient escorts (陪护)” has appeared as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career ____36____ (know) as “people who sell time”. Zhang Tian, a 26-year-old girl, is one of them.
“Get up at 6 a.m., arrive at the hospital one hour ____37____ (early) to help patients check in, and escort patients during consultations. Being patient and ____38____ (energy) is the basic requirements for a hospital escort,” Zhang Tian said. “In fact, a hospital escort cares for not only patients’ physical health, but also their mental well-being.”
Zhang Tian used to work in the Internet industry but ever since she hit a wall in her career, she ____39____ (be) a professional hospital escort. The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. “I received ____40____phone call on September 9 from a man ____41____ father was seriously ill and might need surgery.” Zhang Tian said. All through the next day, Zhang Tian helped the elderly man with his consultations and treatment. “Later, the family expressed ____42____ (they) gratitude to me over and over again, ____43____ (warm) my heart and giving me a sense of achievement,” Zhang added.
Although in the eyes of others, this is not a decent job, Zhang Tian regards this job as her startup. “I ____44____ (actual) think there will be a greater demand _____45_____ such services in the future. I also want to expand my services in the future, such as cooking food for the elderly and traveling with the elderly,” she says.
【答案】36. are known
37. earlier
38. energetic
39. has been
40. a 41. whose
42. their 43. warming
44. actually
45. for
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过章天的例子讲述了“病人陪护”作为一个新的行业出现了。
【36题详解】
考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：近年来，“病人陪护”作为一个新的行业出现了，从事这一职业的人被称为“出卖时间的人”。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列句，空处作后一分句的谓语。主语those表示复数，和谓语动词know之间是动宾关系，且根据句意可知，这里表示现实情况，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语应用复数形式。也可将be known as视为固定结构，意为“被称为”。故填are known。
【37题详解】
考查比较级。句意：早上6点起床，提前一小时到达医院帮助患者办理入住手续，并在会诊时陪护患者。根据空前的“one hour”，这里表示提前一小时，应用比较级。副词early的比较级是earlier。故填earlier。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：耐心和精力充沛是医院陪护的基本要求。根据and前的形容词patient，空处也应用形容词，和patient一起构成并列结构，作Being的表语。energetic意为“精力充沛的，积极主动的”。故填energetic。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：章天曾在互联网行业工作，但自从事业碰壁后，她就成了一名专业的医院陪护。根据句中的时间状语从句“ever since she hit a wall in her career”，这里应用现在完成时。主语she为第三人称单数，所以谓语应用单数形式。故填has been。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：9月9日，我接到一个男人的电话，他的父亲病重，可能需要手术。这里泛指一通电话，且phone的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a man，且和father之间是所属关系，表示“这个男人的父亲”，该空在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：后来，这家人一遍又一遍地对我表示感谢，这温暖了我的心，给了我成就感。根据空后的“gratitude”，这里应用形容词性物主代词their，作定语。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查现在分词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词，和后面and giving...构成并列结构。根据句意，这家人的感谢温暖了她，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词的一般式作结果状语。故填warming。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：事实上，我认为未来对这类服务的需求会更大。这里应用副词作状语修饰动词think。actually意为“事实上”。故填actually。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意参考上题。a demand for...为固定搭配，意为“对……的需求”。故填for。
第三节 单词拼写：根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
46. They have maintained a close a________ with each other since they studied in the US. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】association##ssociation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：自从他们在美国学习以来，他们之间一直保持着密切的联系。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词association“联系”，可数名词，由空前不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式。故填association。
47. Most authorities agree that play is an e________ part of a child’s development. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】essential##ssential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大多数权威人士都同意游戏是儿童发展一个必不可少的组成部分。根据首字母和句意提示可知，此处应填入形容词essential(必不可少的)作定语，修饰part，故填essential。
48. The Forbidden City was used by the emperors during the Ming and Qing D________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】Dynasties##ynasties
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：紫禁城是明清两朝皇帝的御用宫殿。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词dynasty“朝代”，可数名词，作介词宾语，由the Ming and Qing可知，此处指两个朝代，应用名词复数形式。故填Dynasties。
49. Our school has launched a c________ to raise money for the homeless people in the disaster-stricken area. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】campaign##ampaign
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们学校发起了一项为灾区无家可归的人筹款的运动。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词campaign“运动”，可数名词，由空前不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式，作宾语。故填campaign。
50. It suddenly s________me how we could improve the situation. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】struck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我突然想到我们该如何改善这种情况了。根据句意和首字母提示，表示“某人突然想到……”用句型it strikes/ struck sb….，根据后文could可知应用一般过去时。故填struck。
51. “They’re coming, ” he said in an excited ________(低语). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】whisper
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：“他们来了”他激动地低声说。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词whisper，作宾语，可数名词，由空前不定冠词可知，应用单数形式。故填whisper。
52. No wonder the movie attracted so many people; it was an ________ (改编) from a true romantic story. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】adaptation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：难怪这部电影吸引了这么多人，这是一个真实故事的改编版。根据句意和中文提示可知此处填写名词形式adaptation表示“改编版本”作表语，冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填adaptation。
53. Paintings created by Impressionists were far less ________(现实的) than the works that came before. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】realistic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：印象派画家创作的绘画远不如以前的作品有现实感。根据空前的were，空处应用形容词作表语，结合汉语提示，这里应用形容词realistic。故填realistic。
54. On closer ________(审视), the painting proved to be authentic. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】examination
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过仔细检查，这幅画被证明是真迹。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词examination，作宾语，不可数。故填examination。
55. She promised to ________(陪伴) her younger brother on the trip to Africa. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】accompany
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她答应陪她弟弟去非洲旅行。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词accompany，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故填accompany。
第四节 短语填空： (共10小题，每小题0. 5分，满分5分)
从所给短语中(一个多余)选择并用其正确形式完成句子。
tear apart; consist of; cry out for; throw oneself into; be down to; speak volumes about; in one’s own right; for good measure; out of this world; as opposed to; do the trick
56. Nowadays, people are spending less and less time outdoors and their body systems are ________ vitamin D.
57. Political disagreement about the war appeared and then ________ this father and son.
58. These pills should ________, and you will feel much better in no time.
59. Every time Mum cooks lunch for us, she prepares 50g rice per person and an extra spoonful ________.
60. With the examination approaching, it’s time that I should ________ hard work.
61. This article seeks to look at benefits of physical activities ________ reading a book or watching television.
62. Your posture, movements and expression will ________ you before you even open your month.
63. She became rich ________ rather than by any other means.
64. A committee, ________ ten members, will take charge of the whole project.
65. Many health problems ________ unhealthy habits such as overeating, smoking and drinking.
【答案】56. crying out for
57. tore apart
58. do the trick
59. for good measure
60. throw myself into
61. as opposed to
62. speak volumes about
63. in her own right
64. consisting of
65. are down to
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如今，人们花在户外的时间越来越少，他们的身体系统迫切需要维生素D。根据句意可知，此处表示“迫切需要”，应用动词短语cry out for，句子陈述目前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时。故填crying out for。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：关于战争的政治分歧出现了，然后这对父子分裂了。根据句意可知，此处表示“分裂”，应用动词短语tear apart，由Political disagreement about the war appeared可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填tore apart。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这些药应该有效果，你很快就会感觉好多了。根据句意可知，此处表示“奏效；起作用”，应用动词短语do the trick，情态动词后接动词原形。故填do the trick。
【59题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：妈妈每次给我们做午饭，每人要准备50克米饭，另外还要额外多准备一勺。根据句意可知，此处表示“额外的量”，应用介词短语for good measure。故填for good measure。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：随着考试的临近，是我应该投入到刻苦学习的时候了。根据句意可知，此处表示“积极投入到……中去”，应用动词短语throw oneself into，主语是I，应用反身代词myself，情态动词后接动词原形。故填throw myself into。
【61题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：本文旨在探讨体育活动的好处，而不是读书或看电视。根据句意可知，此处表示“而不是，与⋯⋯相对”，应用介词短语as opposed to。故填as opposed to。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：你的姿势、动作和表情在你开始一个月之前就已经充分说明了你。根据句意可知，此处表示“充分说明”，应用动词短语speak volumes about，情态动词后接动词原形。故填speak volumes about。
【63题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：她靠自己的力量而不是通过任何其他方式变得富有。根据句意可知，此处表示“靠自己的力量”，应用介词短语in one’s own right，主语是she，应用代词her。故填in her own right。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：一个由十人组成的委员会将负责整个项目。根据句意可知，此处表示“由……组成”，应用动词短语consist of，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填consisting of。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：许多健康问题可归因于不健康的习惯，如暴饮暴食、吸烟和饮酒。根据句意可知，此处表示“可归因于”，应用动词短语be down to，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are down to。
第五节 单句语法填空：在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
66. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house____________(rebuild). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is being rebuilt
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他们暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。because引导的从句中主语是house，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数，且主语和谓语动词rebuild之间是被动关系，结合句意可知表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，故应用现在进行时态的被动语态。故填is being rebuilt。
67. Don’t talk loudly while having meals in public places, ________ you’ll be considered impolite. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】or
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：在公共场所吃饭时不要大声说话，否则你会被认为是不礼貌的。此处为“祈使句+or+简单句”，or后简单句表不理想的结果。故填or。
68. When he was walking in the wood with caution, a rabbit ________(jump) out all of a sudden, giving him a fright. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】jumped
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态，句意：当他在树林里小心翼翼地走着的时候，一只兔子突然跳出来，把他吓了一跳。此处是主句谓语动词，由When he was walking in the wood with caution可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填jumped。
69. With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves_________(pay) attention to. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】paying##to be paid
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，现状值得关注。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“deserve doing sth.”，意为“值得做某事”，有被动含义，或用“deserve to be done”，“pay”的动名词形式为“paying”，过去分词为“paid”，故空格处可填“paying”或“to be paid”。故填paying/to be paid。
70. I fell and broke two teeth the other day and I thought I could benefit from getting them ________(fix). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fixed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：前几天我摔断了两颗牙，我想把它们修好会对我有好处。非谓语动词fix与宾语them是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语，表被动。故填fixed。
71. The conference currently ________(hold) in Beijing has caught the attention of the mass media. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being held
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前正在北京举行的会议引起了大众媒体的注意。分析句子可知，空处作conference的后置定语，是非谓语动词，结合currently可知，此处强调动作正在进行，且hold和conference逻辑上是被动关系，应用hold现在分词的被动语态being held。故填being held。
72. Once ________(expose), soil is quickly eaten away by wind and rain. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土壤一旦暴露在外，很快就会被风雨侵蚀。分析句子结构可知expose与soil构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填exposed。
73. All the students in our class have got down to ________(make) preparations for the final examination. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们班所有的学生都开始着手准备期末考试。固定搭配get down to doing sth.“开始做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填making。
74. In a society where ________(be) thin is often seen as a kind of beauty, teenagers sometimes go to extremes in order to slim down quickly. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】being
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个通常被视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端措施迅速减肥。分析句子结构，where引导定语从句，此处作从句主语应用动名词短语作主语，being thin变瘦，符合题意。故填being。
75. ________(earn) some extra money, I had to take part-time jobs in my spare time. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To earn
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了挣些外快，我不得不在业余时间做兼职。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，表示“为了挣……”，应用earn的不定式形式to earn，且空处位于句首，to首字母应大写。故填To earn。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分15分)
76. 假如你是李华，你校将举行一次关于中国文化的社团展示活动，如：食物、民乐、绘画等。请你写一封邮件给外教James，邀请他参与活动，内容包括：
1. 活动的时间和地点；
2. 活动的内容；
3. 期待对方参与。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear James,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear James,
I’m writing to tell you that our school will hold a club exhibition on Chinese culture.
It will be held on our schools playground lasting for a week. I sincerely invite you to experience the event. Don’t worry about being bored of it, because there will be many things you can do, such as enjoying Chinese traditional food, listening to folk music, appreciating Chinese landscape paintings, reading Chinese classical works and Chinese idioms.
I’m certain that you will like the event, and I’m looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教James写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校将要举行关于中国文化的社团展示活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→conduct
真诚地：sincerely→honestly
确定的：certain→sure
喜欢：like→be fond of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will be held on our schools playground lasting for a week.
拓展句：It will be held on our schools playground, which will last for a week.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It will be held on our schools playground lasting for a week.(运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I’m writing to tell you that our school will hold a club exhibition on Chinese culture. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
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