【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第02讲 代词、介词和介词短语 讲学案

这是一份【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第02讲 代词、介词和介词短语 讲学案，文件包含第02讲代词介词和介词短语解析版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx、第02讲代词介词和介词短语原卷版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共38页， 欢迎下载使用。


1. 掌握人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、反身代词及it的用法。
2. 掌握表示方位、时间、工具、手段、方式、原因等介词的基本用法。
3. 掌握常用动词、名词或形容词与介词连用构成的介词短语的用法.
一、代词思维导图
二、人称代词
人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：
1. 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。
2. 用法：（1）通常主格作主语（在句首，动词前）。（2）宾格作宾语（在动词或介词后）或作表语（在be动词后）。
三、物主代词
1. 定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。
2. 分类：
3. 用法
（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能放在名词前作定语，后面一定要跟一个名词。
名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能加名词，可单独使用，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。相当于＂形容词性物主代词+名词＂。
四、反身代词
1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He enjyed himself in the wild.
2. 作表语
It desn’ t matter. I’ll be myself sn.
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，意为＂亲自＂。用于加强语气，可紧跟在被修饰名词后或句末。
She herself went t the schl.（作主语同位语）
Yu shuld ask the teacher himself. （作宾语同位语）
4. 常用含反身代词短语：
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
yu
yu
yu
yu
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性物主代词
my
yur
his/her/its
ur
yur
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yurs
his/her/ its
urs
yurs
theirs
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
myself
yurself
himself/herself/itself
urselves
yurselves
themselves
by neself 亲自；独自
enjy neself 玩得开心
cme t neself恢复知觉
dress neself 自己穿衣服
devte neself t致力于
speak t neself 自言自语
teach neself 自学
help neself t 随便吃
in neself 本身固有
ccupy neself in ding 忙于做某事
五、介词思维导图
六、表示时间的介词
1．表示时间的介词at, n, in的用法
①at表示在某一时刻或时间点。如：at 8 a.m.。常用词组有：
at dawn, at dusk, at nn, at night, at midnight, at the end f, at that time, at the mment, at Christmas, at New Year等。
②n指具体的或特定的日子。如：
n Mnday, n Christmas Eve, n May Day, n a warm mrning, n September 12th, n that day等。
③in表示在某段时间内，如:年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。如：
in the mrning/afternn/evening, in Octber, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。
2.表示时间的in与after的用法
①in+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We will be back in three days. 我们将在3天后回来。
②after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如：After tw mnths, he returned. 两个月后，他回来了。
注意：after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。如：
After seven, the rain began t fall. 七点后开始下雨。
We will leave after lunch. 我们将在午饭后动身。
3.表示时间的befre, by, till/until, beynd
①befre 的用法：befre “早于；在……之前”。如：
The new rad will be cmpleted befre the end f the year.这条新道路将在年底以前建成。
②by 的用法：表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”；表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。如：
All f yu are t arrive at schl by seven 'clck.你们所有人必须在7点钟前到校。
He wrked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作，白天睡觉。
③until 和 till 的用法：
until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用，表示动作一直持续到 until 后面的时间为止；在否定句中和非延续性动词连用，表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till 意义与 until 相同。如：
He wrks frm mrning till night, day after day.他日复一日从早工作到晚。
④表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于” 。如：
It wn't g n beynd midnight. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。
七、表示方位的介词的用法
1．表示方位的介词in, n, t, ff
四个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in 表示在某范围之内；t 表示在某范围之外；n 表示“毗邻”“接壤”；ff 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。如：
Beijing is in the nrth f China. 北京位于华北。
Nrth Krea lies n the east f China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。
Japan lies t the east f China. 日本在中国的东方。
The bat was anchred ff the nrthern cast f the peninsula. 那只船停泊在了离半岛北海岸不远处。
2．表示“穿过……”的thrugh, acrss与ver
thrugh指从内部穿过；acrss则指表面上的横穿；ver指从上方过去、跨越。如：
The elephant can’t g thrugh the gate. 大象不能从门里穿过。
I help the blind man acrss the rad. 我帮助那位盲人过马路。
He climbed ver the wall. 他从墙上爬了过去。
3.表示“在……之间”的between 和amng
①between一般表示两者之间；有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。如：
Yu are t sit between yur father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。
②amng多表示“在……之间(指三者或三者以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。
I fund the letter amng his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了这封信。
The girl quickly disappeared amng the crwd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。
Agreements were made between the different cuntries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。
要点精讲4：表示上下的介词abve, belw, ver, under, n, beneath
abve 在某物的斜上方；belw 在某物的斜下方；ver 在某物的正上方；under 在某物的正下方；n 在某物的上面(两者接触)；beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触)
We were flying abve the cluds. 我们在云层上面飞行。
Please d nt write belw this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。
She put a blanket ver the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。
The dg squeezed under the gate and ran int the rad.
They fund the bdy buried beneath a pile f leaves. 他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。
八、表示工具、手段、方式的介词的用法
1.by涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还可以表示"靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……",后可接名词、代词或动词-ing。
by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/bat, by train, by spaceship
We can realize ur dream by wrking hard. 通过努力我们可以实现梦想。
Yu can make the cake by mixing eggs and flur. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
2.with表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
We see with ur eyes, hear with ur ears, and walk with ur legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
3.in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如：
The bk was written in Chinese.这本书是用中文写的。
He spke in a lud vice. 他大声说话。
Please write in ink，nt in pencil. 请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。
4.n表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。如
She learns English n the radi/n TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
九、高频介词短语分类
1.表示状态的介词短语
at a lss 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐
at peace 处于和平状态 at rest 静止
at war 在战争中 at wrk 在工作
in anger 生气 in bed 在床上
in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债
in despair 失望 in difficulty 处于困难中
in dubt 不确定，拿不准 in fear 在恐惧中
in high spirits 情绪高昂 in need 在危难中，在穷困中
in rder 秩序井然 in print 发表
in rags 穿着破旧 in surprise 吃惊
in truble 在困境中 in use 使用中
n a trip 在旅行 n business 因公出差
n display 在展出 n duty 在值班
n sale 在出售；低价出售 n shw 在展出
n strike 在罢工 n the g 非常忙碌
n the way 在途中 ut f balance 失去平衡
ut f cntrl 失去控制 ut f danger 脱离危险
ut f date 过期 ut f rder 出故障
ut f wrk 失业
2．表示方式的介词短语
by accident 偶然地 by means f 借助于
by chance 偶然地 by frce 用暴力
by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生地 by turns 轮流
by weight/vlume 按重量/体积算in cash 用现金支付
in detail 详细地with delight 高兴地
with ease 轻易地 with pleasure 愉快地
3.表示“在……”的介词短语
under attack 遭到袭击 under cnsideratin 在考虑中
under cnstructin 在建造中under cntrl 在控制之下
under discussin 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中under test 在测试中
考点一：人称代词用作宾语
例1．The scientists say an area f the brain assigns memries t smells and stres ________ (they) fr decades.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。句意：科学家说，大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味，并将其储存数十年。分析句子结构可知，设空处作动词stres的宾语，需填入they的宾格形式them。故填them。
考点三：人称代词用作定语
例2．When yu cme t Zhangjiajie, yu can fully appreciate ________ (it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing flk custm as well as ther thrilling turist activities.
【答案】its
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当你来到张家界，你可以充分欣赏其壮丽的自然风光，体验迷人的民俗风情和其他令人兴奋的旅游活动。空处应用形容词性物主代词its，修饰名词scenery。故填its。
考点三：反身代词用法
例3．The by ran away frm the rm, screaming ut in terrr, direct t hme and hid ________(he) in his clset.
【答案】himself
【解析】考查代词。句意：那男孩从房间里跑出来，惊恐地尖叫着，直接跑回家藏在衣柜里。结合句意，此处表示男孩把自己藏在他的壁橱里，故空处应用反身代词himself作hid的宾语。故填himself。
考点四：it用作形式主语或宾语
例4．The bridge links three areas, making ________ much mre cnvenient t travel frm ne t anther.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意：这座桥连接了三个地区，使人们从一个地区到另一个地区旅行更加方便。“make+it+adj.+t d”为固定用法，此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。
考点五：代词it用法
例5． My sn was excited, but I felt helpless. I didn’t have that kind f mney. __________ was ging t cst $300!
【答案】 It
【解析】考查代词。句意：我的儿子非常激动，但我感觉到无助。我没有这笔钱。它要花费300美元。此处是指代儿子要去做的这件事。故填It。
考点六：含it固定句型
例6．Yu can rely n _________ that he’ll pay back all yur mney.
【答案】it
【解析】考查形式宾语it。句意：您可以指望他偿还您所有的钱。rely n it that…表示“指望，依赖……”，it是形式宾语，代替that引导的从句。故填it。
考点七：不定代词的用法
例7． It was hard fr him t learn English in a family, in which ________f his parents spke the language.
【答案】neither
【解析】考查代词。句意：在一个父母都不说英语的家庭里，他很难学习英语。由前一句意义可知，父母两人都不说英语，应用neither f。故填neither。
考点八：“介词+名词” 短语
例8．Tw experts frm Stheby's cnfirmed the bwl was frm the 1400s when they were able t lk at it ________ persn.
【答案】in
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时，他们确信这件文物可追溯到15世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配in persn，表示“亲自”的意思，符合句意。故填in。
考点九：“形容词+介词”短语
例9．The “new fur great inventins” are all related __________ China’s high-tech innvatin (创新), which has imprved the peple’s living standard.
【答案】t
【解析】 考查固定词组。句意：“新四大发明”全都与中国的高科技创新有关系，这种创新已经改善了人们的生活水平。be related t是固定短语，意思是“同……有联系”。故填t。
考点十：“动词+介词”短语
例10．Yu are nt wearing yur seat belt, s yu can slide in and ut f yur seat easily. That sunds __________ a lt f fun.
【答案】like
【解析】考查固定词组。句意：你没有带安全带，因此你可以容易地在座椅上移动。这听起来像是很有趣。sund like意为“听起来像……”。故填：like。
考点十一：介词习惯用法
例11．The survey shws that rughly three-quarters f the 86 tree species surveyed have shifted their ppulatin centers westward __________ 1980.
【答案】since
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个调查表明自1980年以来，被研究的86个树种中大约有3/4的树种把种群中心往西移动。since作介词，意思是“自……以来”。故填since
考点十二：介词短语用法
例12． In additin __________ many awards Damn has received, including Academy Awards and Glden Glbe Awards, he received a star n the Hllywd Walk f Fame in 2007 fr his wrk in the film industry.
【答案】t
【解析】 考查固定词组。句意：Damn除了获得包括奥斯卡金像奖及金球奖的许多奖项外，他因为在电影业中的工作在2007成为好莱坞星光大道上的明星。in additin t是固定短语，意思是“除……之外”。故填t。
第一组（代词）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny, pening ____________ (it)first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
2.（2022北京卷）Since peple can’t always eat ut r ck fr ____________ (they), they get takeut r rder delivery.
3.（2021全国乙卷）Ecturism has ____________ (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept until the late 1980s.
4.（2021新高考I卷）As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in ____________ (I). While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is a must t
5.（2021浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f ____________ (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
6.（2020全国I卷）Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether ____________ (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
7.（2020新高考卷）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine ____________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
8. (2019北京卷) Nervusly facing challenges, I knw I will whisper t ________ (I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
9. (2018·全国Ⅲ卷)When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ________(they) alive.
10.(2017·浙江高考卷)Pahlssn screamed s ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. “She thught I had hurt __________(I),” says Pahlssn.
11.(2018天津卷) It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse ____________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
12. (2018浙江6月卷) Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap ____________can be t eat ut.
第二组（介词和介词短语）
1. (2023•浙江1月卷)Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry ___________ capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric events.
2.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas als serve ___________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
3.（2022全国甲卷）Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters ___________ Xi’an t Kashgar n seat 20, planning t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
4.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially ___________ the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019.
5.（2022北京卷）Helen was walking dwn the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grcery bags.
6. (2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It was built riginally t prtect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
7. (2021全国乙卷)Ecturism has its rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept __________ the late 1980s.
8. (2021浙江6月卷) In 1844 they bught it __________ $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their marriage ceremny in 1842.
9. (2021浙江1月卷) The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased __________2.1 in wmen and men.
10. (2020全国II卷)Bamb plants are assciated __________ health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy t care fr and make great presents.
11. (2020新高考卷)Museums must cmpete __________peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
12. (2020浙江6月卷)Sme time after 10,000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived __________, thrugh agriculture.
13. (2020浙江1月卷)This aging f the ppulatin is driven __________ tw factrs. The first is declining birth rates, which means ld generatins are large cmpared t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes lder than befre.
14. (2020北京卷) Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins. Over time, the bags fall apart __________cuntless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat sme f them.
15. (2020天津卷) Fr my fifth birthday, my mther baked me a cake __________ the shape f a mnkey.
16. (2020天津卷) I never wrried abut my sn while I was away because my mther kept an eye __________ him.
17. (2020江苏卷) Taking n this challenge will bring yu in cntact __________ smene wh shares yur interests.
18. (2019全国I卷) Mdern methds __________ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm cnsistently ver a large area.
19. (2019全国III卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __________ dgs, seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters wh had great experience with caring fr these animals.
20. (2019浙江6月卷) But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer __________ this questin is nt clear.
21. (2019北京卷) Earth Day, marked n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin. First celebrated __________1970, the Day nw includes events in mre than 190 cuntries and regins(地区).
22. (2018全国III卷)My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a scientist wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching __________ these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving.
23. (2018浙江6月卷)If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme __________ dinner, get a few cking tips frm her.
24. (2018全国I卷)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it is mre effective at lengthening life ____________ walking, cycling r swimming.
25. (2017全国II卷) It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and __________ wrk.
第一组（代词）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Building a new schl is ne thing, while keeping it running smthly is quite_______.
2．The dctr advised Mary strngly that she shuld take a hliday, but ______ didn’t help.
3．I’d appreciate ________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
4．Fr these reasns, I can draw a safe cnclusin that there is ________better than singing that will make my life wnderful.
5．—Brenda bught a Huawei P60 cellphne last week.
—Oh, really? Hw I wish I culd get ______ as well!
6．Within industries, cmpanies are always trying t develp prducts that are ne step better than ________ f ther cmpanies.
7．In many ways, the educatin system in China is different frm ______ in the UK.
8．We find _______ difficult t talk t him abut anything serius.
9．There are sme tall trees n _________side f the street. S yu will feel cl.
10．In rder t make her 45th birthday impressive, I intend t buy her a wnderful present, ________that is nt expensive but very meaningful.
11．____ is widely assumed that China is already ne f the leading cuntries in space technlgy.
12．It is reprted ________Zhng Nanshan was awarded the Medal f the Republic because f his cntributins t fighting against COVID-19.
13．I dn't like____________ when yu phne me s late at night.
14．Smith has tw strategies, ______ f which seems t have wrked very well.
15．Smetimes, we take ________fr granted that everything has t be perfect fr us and we expect high quality prducts and service.
16．When yu give a speech, yu shuld try t make _________ (yu) understd by the audiences.
17．Mst f the parents think their appraches t raising children different frm _________ f their parents．
18．____________ suddenly ccurred t him that he shuld study fr the test.
19．The ld man has three sns, but nne f ________ is a dctr.
20．I hpe there are enugh glasses fr each guest t have____________.
第二组（介词和介词短语）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．One f my friends mistk my sister____________ me yesterday, because we are twins and lk very similar.
2．Nwadays, mst f the peple have access ________________ the Internet.
3．Between tw peple wh have nthing ________cmmn, lve is impssible.
4．We must take the audience ________ accunt when making speeches.
5．The schl reading rm usually subscribes ________ a variety f newspapers and magazines.
6．As the car apprached the twn center, several tall buildings came ________ view.
7．Tday, a fall guy is a persn wh is tricked ________ taking the blame fr the crime r wrngding f smene else.
8．Abut Spring Festival, an imprtant traditin in China, peple may understand it differently, ______ (include) thse frm ther cultures.
9．_______reality，mst f the parents pay attentin t their children’s educatin.
10．They want all grups t be treated _______ an equal basis.
11．T cnfirm sme accunt details, can I call yu back later ________this number?
12．________ a wrd, I dn’t think what yu said makes sense at all.
13．The cncentratin f nitrgen dixide in Beijing’s air was reduced ________ an average f 20 per cent.
14．We must strive t make great effrts instead f being cntent________ such a small success.
15．It was very generus ___________them t share their meal with their ut-f-wrk neighbrs.
16．Much imprtance is attached ________ the develpment f the individual self.
17．A gd translatin shuld be similar________ the riginal text nt nly in frm but als in spirit.
18．The mther was _____ despair, fr she had n mney and her child was hungry.
19．Are yu capable ________ slving the prblem n yur wn?
20．Hw we read given text depends ________ sme extent n ur particular interest in reading it.