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重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测
高一英语试题
(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Places Named After Scientists in Antarctica
There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in Antarctic. Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they’re named for.
Jones Terrace (梯田)
The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victoria Land bears Jones’ name. In 1969, geochemist Lois M. Jones led the first all-female research team from the U.S. to work in Antarctica. Jones and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica. Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected, Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley’s ice-covered lakes.
Mount Fiennes
8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named for Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic. In 1985, Fiennes became the first female who was invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region.
Francis Peak
The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK. Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.
Peden Cliffs
Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic, where she used radio waves to study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
1. Which place is named after a builder of radio towers in the Antarctic?
A. Jones Terrace. B. Mount Fiennes.
C. Francis Peak. D. Peden Cliffs.
2. Who proved the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctic?
A. Lois M. Jones. B. Ginny Fiennes.
C. Dame Jane Francis. D. Irene Peden.
3. What is special about Irene Peden?
A. She could judge the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
B. She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic.
C. She was the first female American to explore the Antarctic.
D. She correctly measured the spreading speed of radio waves.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了南极洲四个以做出科学突破的女性科学家命名的地标。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mount Fiennes部分中“8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named for Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic.(8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南极洲最大的岛屿——亚历山大岛上，以Ginny Fiennes的名字命名。她在南极洲建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电发射塔)”可知，Fiennes山是以南极洲无线电发射塔建造者Ginny Fiennes的名字命名的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分中“Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.(她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候)”可知，Dame Jane Francis证明了南极洲以前有过更高的温度。故选C项。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分中“They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，Irene Peden的特别之处在于她可以判断南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选A项。
B
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
4. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
5. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
6. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
7. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
C
Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.
“Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research. Just as the OECD assesses primary and secondary education by testing randomly chosen groups of youngsters from each country in reading and mathematics, it will sample university students to see what they have learned. Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education. That may produce a fairer assessment than the two established rankings, though the British one does try to broaden its inquiry by taking opinions from academics and employers.
There is much to be said for the OECD’s approach. Of course a Nobel laureate’s view on where to study may be worth hearing, but those professors may be so busy writing and researching that they spend little or no time teaching—a big weakness at America’s famous universities. And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts. The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled(暴跌)from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.
The OECD plan awaits approval from an education ministers’ meeting in January. The first rankings are planned by 2021. They will be of interest not just as a guide for shoppers in the global market, but also as indicators of performance in domestic markets. They will help academics wondering whether to stay put or switch jobs, students choosing where to spend their time and money, and ambitious university bosses who want a sharper competitive edge for their institution.
The task the OECD has set itself is formidable. In many subjects, such as literature and history, the syllabus varies hugely from one country, and even one campus, to another. But OECD researchers think that problem can be overcome by concentrating on the transferable skills that employers value, such as critical thinking and analysis, and testing subject knowledge only in fields like economics and engineering, with a big common core.
Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching. Worst of all, ranking by reputation allows famous places to coast along, while making life hard for feisty upstarts. “We will not be reflecting a university’s history,” says Mr Schleicher, “but asking: what is a global employer looking for?” A fair question, even if not every single student’s destiny is to work for a multinational firm.
8. The project by OECD is aimed to__________.
A. assess primary and secondary education of each school that subscribe to the service
B. appraise the learning outcomes of university students as part of their academic performance
C. establish a new evaluation system for universities
D. set up a new ranking for compulsory education
9. The assessment method by OECD is different from the established rankings in__________.
A. that its inquiry is broader as to include all the students and staff
B. that its samples are chosen randomly based on statistical analysis of method
C. that it attaches more importance to the learning efficiency
D. that it takes opinions from the students to see what they have learnt
10. By the case of London School of Economies, the author wants to show that__________.
A. the OECD’s approach is very fair
B. the Nobel laureate’s opinion is not worth hearing
C. the British rankings pay more attention to the foreign students
D. different assessment methods may lead to different ranking results
11. The OECD’s ranking system will probably be welcomed most by__________.
A. parents who pay for the children’s secondary education
B. the famous colleges
C. those ambitious second-rank institutions
D. shoppers in the global market
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)通过新的方式对大学进行排名，建立新的大学评价体系。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.(计算出学生和纳税人花在大学上的钱到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情。现在，经济合作与发展组织（OECD），一个位于巴黎的富裕国家智囊团，正计划通过首次对大学教学的成功程度进行国际比较，使这项任务变得容易一些)”及第二段“Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education.(一旦有足够多的大学参与其中，它可能会发布排行榜，显示每个国家的排名，就像它现在对义务教育所做的那样)”可推知，OECD项目是为了建立新的大学评价体系。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可知，OECD组织的评估方法与现有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重学习成果。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.(例如，在上周公布的英国排名中，雄心勃勃的伦敦政治经济学院(London School of Economics)从第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外国学生数量令人印象深刻，但与前几年相比，它获得的赞誉有所减少)”及“And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts.(方法上的改变会带来惊人的转变)”可推知，这个评级的方法和之前的评级有所不同，而这个例子可能就是要说明这个问题，即，不同的评估方法可能导致不同的排名结果。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching.(此外，施莱歇尔表示，这是一项值得做的工作。他认为，今天的排名并不能帮助政府评估他们给大学教育本科生的钱是否得到了回报。学生们忽略了二流的学校，而选择了大牌学校，尽管那些不那么大牌的学校可能更擅长教学)”及上文第二段““Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可推知，OECD的排名系统可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大学欢迎。故选C项。
D
New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyse circadian blood pressure rhythms(节奏)in female mice.
The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period—contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips(下降)at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins (encoded by “clock genes”) that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.
Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PER1) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PERI and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups “kept an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PERI showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.
These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. “This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular(心血管的)function by the circadian clock,” the researchers wrote.
12. What does the new research find?
A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.
B. Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice act normally.
C. Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.
D. A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.
13 What role can circadian clock play according to the text?
A. Helping males cure heart disease.
B. Helping blood pressure vary normally.
C. Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.
D. Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.
14. The lack of PRRI ______
A. has the same impact on males and females
B. makes no difference to males
C. does harm to male’s health
D. is more likely to affect female’s health
15. What would be a suitable title for the text?
A. One clock gene is important
B. Women may benefit from body clock
C. New study analyses blood pressure rhythms
D. Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）”可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PER1) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因(PER1)中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。）”以及“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI对男性健康有害。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age.（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Envy is a natural human emotion, and we writers suffer from it constantly. But if we allow it, our envy will eat us up inside and turn something we once loved (writing) into something we hate now. ____16____. Here are some practical and effective steps you can follow.
Remind yourself why you write.
I write because it’s a main aspect of who I am. It satisfies me in a way nothing else does. Although I’m glad to cash whatever checks publishers send me, this is not my purpose. ____17____. As long as I remember why I write, I don’t feel envious of others.
Keep a positive comment file.
I’ve long kept a blurb(简介)file where I list positive comments reviewers have made about my work. I use these blurbs when it comes time to promote my work. I also read over them when I need to remind myself that I’m a pretty good writer. I take screenshots(截屏)of positive things people say about my work on social media. ____18____
____19____
You know what happens when you don’t see people posting about their writing successes all the time? You know nothing about them. And if you know nothing about them, you can’t be envious of them, can you? So sometimes leaving the social media alone might help you reduce the chance of being envious. Living your life in the real not the virtual world can remind you that your writing career is about you, not about anyone else.
Not focus on writing only.
You should bear in mind that there are more things to your life than your writing career. Hopefully you have friends and family who love you. Spend some time with them. Do you have any hobbies that don’t involve writing, something you do it simply because it’s fun and relaxing? Do that for a while. Take a break for a few days and don’t feel guilty about it. ____20____
A. Cut down on social media.
B. Pay no attention to others successes.
C. Using blurbs make me feel satisfied and relieved.
D. And I look at them when I need an emotional lift as well.
E. I write not for such financial reward, but for emotional reward.
F. Therefore, how can we learn to live with it and minimize its effects?
G. Recharging yourself mentally and emotionally in turn benefits your writing.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了作家如何学会与嫉妒共存，并将其影响降至最低的一些建议。
【16题详解】
上文“Envy is a natural human emotion, and we writers suffer from it constantly. But if we allow it, our envy will eat us up inside and turn something we once loved (writing) into something we hate now.(嫉妒是人类的一种自然情感，而我们作家却经常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我们允许，我们的嫉妒会吞噬我们的内心，把我们曾经喜欢（写）的东西变成我们现在讨厌的东西。)”说明嫉妒对作家不利，选项F“因此，我们如何学会与之共存，并将其影响降至最低？”与上文构成因果关系，因为嫉妒对作家不利，所以作家们要学会怎样与之共存。故选F项。
【17题详解】
上文“Although I’m glad to cash whatever checks publishers send me, this is not my purpose.(尽管我很乐意兑现出版商寄给我的任何支票，但这不是我的目的。)”说明作者的目的不是为了兑现支票，选项E“我写作不是为了金钱上的回报，而是为了情感上的回报。”承接上文，说明作者写作的目的不是为了钱而是情感。故选E项。
【18题详解】
上文“I’ve long kept a blurb(简介)file where I list positive comments reviewers have made about my work. I use these blurbs when it comes time to promote my work. I also read over them when I need to remind myself that I’m a pretty good writer. I take screenshots(截屏)of positive things people say about my work on social media.(我一直保存着一个简介文件，里面列出了评论者对我工作的正面评价。当需要推广我的作品时，我会使用这些简介。当我需要提醒自己我是一个很好的作家时，我也会读一遍。我把人们在社交媒体上对我作品的正面评价截屏。)”说明作者使用简介来列出对其正面评价，以推广作品，也用来提醒自己是个很好的作家。选项C“使用简介让我感到满足和宽慰。”承接上文，总结使用简介使作者感到愉悦。故选C项。
【19题详解】
下文“So sometimes leaving the social media alone might help you reduce the chance of being envious. Living your life in the real not the virtual world can remind you that your writing career is about you, not about anyone else.(因此，有时远离社交媒体可能会帮助你减少嫉妒的机会。生活在真实而非虚拟的世界中会提醒你，你的写作生涯是关于你自己的，而不是关于任何人的。)”建议作家要远离社交媒体，减少嫉妒。选项A“减少使用社交媒体。”概括了本段主题：远离社交媒体。故选A项。
【20题详解】
上文“You should bear in mind that there are more things to your life than your writing career. Hopefully you have friends and family who love you. Spend some time with them. Do you have any hobbies that don’t involve writing, something you do it simply because it’s fun and relaxing? Do that for a while. Take a break for a few days and don’t feel guilty about it. (你应该记住，你的生活中有比你的写作事业更多的事情。希望你有爱你的朋友和家人。花点时间和他们在一起。你有什么与写作无关的爱好吗？你做这些仅仅是因为有趣和放松？这样做一段时间。休息几天，不要为此感到内疚。)”建议作家要关注除写作以外其他的事情，如为了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他爱好的事情。选项G“给自己的精神和情感充电反过来对你的写作也有好处。”承接上文，说明为了乐趣和放松，要做一些与写作无关的事情，因为有益于写作。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I wrote my first novel when I was 22. It was a mess. I didn’t know how to properly organize dialogues and structure a plot (情节). Those were all ____21____. I planned to work out later. I gave the book to my father to read, and he left me a voice mail in a few days saying that it was ____22____ and that I was going to sell it for $300,000.
____23____, and rather quickly, the book was ____24____ by every publisher in New York. If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it. I was ____25____: of course, but I knew better than to give up—writing wasn’t an easy job, and if this book wasn’t my ____26____ in, maybe the next one would be. I got back to work.
But this scenario (剧情) happened again: I wrote books...and then they wouldn’t ____27____. Still my father’s faith in me never wavered (动摇), even if I worked a host of other jobs. Some of the jobs, like being a bookseller, were great and ____28____ to my writing life. Some, like selling overpriced jeans to 12-year-olds, were only insofar as they were material for future ____29____. And they were—because it finally _____30_____. I sold a book! I was going to make it big!
I completely agree with the motivation speaker and author John Maxwell’s words: “Successful and unsuccessful people do not vary greatly in their abilities but in their _____31_____ to reach their potential.” Life’s not _____32_____. It never was, it isn’t now, and it won’t ever be. But do not fall into the entitlement trap of feeling you are a(n) _____33_____. You are not. Get over it and _____34_____ with it. And yes, most things are more _____35_____ when you break a sweat to get them.
21. A. facts B. messages C. meanings D. details
22. A. practical B. complex C. wonderful D. puzzling
23. A. But B. Instead C. Therefore D. Regardless
24. A. rejected B. accepted C. abused D. commended
25. A. depressed B. amazed C. frightened D. pleased
26. A. card B. ticket C. pen D. bill
27. A. write B. buy C. work D. sell
28. A. unearthed B. taught C. led D. contributed
29. A. lives B. decisions C. stories D. jobs
30. A. happened B. failed C. made D. passed
31. A. request B. order C. recommendation D. desire
32. A. sad B. anxious C. hard D. easy
33. A. athlete B. loser C. owner D. winner
34. A. make up B. get along C. give out D. pass away
35. A. challenge B. demanding C. rewarding D. paying
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想成为一名作家，但他写的书卖不出去，他没有放弃，不断努力，最终获得了成功，成功卖出自己的书。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些都是细节。A. facts事实；B. messages信息；C. meanings意义；D. details细节。根据上文“I didn’t know how to properly organize dialogues and structure a plot (情节).”可知，我不知道如何正确地组织对话和构建情节，“对话和情节”属于一本小说的细节。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把这本书交给父亲阅读，几天后他给我留了一封语音邮件，说这本书精彩了，我打算以30万美元的价格把它卖掉。A. practical实用的；B. complex复杂的；C. wonderful精彩的；D. puzzling令人费解的。根据“I planned to work out later. I gave the book to my father to read, and he left me a voice mail in a few days”和下文“Still, my father’s faith in me never wavered”可知，父亲一直认为我的书写的很好，一直相信我，由此可知，他认为这本书是精彩的。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，这本书很快就遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。A. But只有；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. Regardless不管。根据上文“I was going to sell it for $300,000”和下文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我认为自己的书能够卖出去，相反，这本书遭到了出版商的拒绝。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，这本书很快就遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。A. rejected拒绝；B. accepted接受；C. abused滥用；D. commended称赞。根据下文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我可能会获得“最多拒绝”奖，由此可知，这本书遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧：当然，但我知道不能放弃——写作不是一件容易的事，如果这本书不是我的入场券，也许下一本会是。A. depressed沮丧的；B. amazed吃惊的；C. frightened害怕的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我的书遭到了很多出版商的拒绝，由此可知，我很沮丧。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧：当然，但我知道不能放弃——写作不是一件容易的事，如果这本书不是我的入场券，也许下一本会是。A. card卡片；B. ticket入场券；C. pen钢笔；D. bill账单。根据上文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我的书失败了，由此可知，这本书不是我跻身作家领域的“入场券”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种剧情再次发生：我写书……然后它们没卖掉。A. write写；B. buy买；C. work工作；D. sell卖。根据句中“But this scenario (剧情) happened again”可知，同样的剧情再次发生，由此可知，和之前一样，我的书没卖掉。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一些工作，比如做一名书商，非常棒，为我的写作生涯做出了贡献。A. unearthed挖掘；B. taught教；C. led引领；D. contributed贡献。根据下文“Some, like selling overpriced jeans to 12-year-olds, were only insofar as they were material for future ___9__.”可知，我的工作经历为我的写作提供了素材，由此可知，我的工作为我的写作生涯做出了贡献。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些，比如向12岁的孩子出售价格过高的牛仔裤，只是因为它们是未来故事的素材。A. lives生活；B. decisions决定；C. stories故事；D. jobs工作。根据上文“Some of the jobs, like being a bookseller, were great and ___8__ to my writing life.”可知，我的工作为我的写作生涯做出了贡献，由此可知，其中一些经历为我未来写的故事提供了素材。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是——因为事情终于发生了。A. happened发生；B. failed失败；C. made制造；D. passed通过。根据下文“I sold a book!”可知，我卖了一本书，由此可知，我期盼的事情终于发生了。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完全同意励志演说家兼作家约翰·麦克斯韦尔的话：“成功和不成功的人在能力上没有太大的差异，而是在发挥潜能的渴望上。”A. request要求；B. order订单；C. recommendation推荐；D. desire渴望。根据上文“And they were—because it finally __10___. I sold a book!”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，与不成功的人相比，成功的人更渴望发挥潜能。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活并不容易。从来没有，现在没有，将来也不会。A. sad悲伤的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. hard艰难的；D. easy容易的。根据上文“But this scenario (剧情) happened again: I wrote books...and then they wouldn’t ___7___.”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，作者想告诉我们生活并不容易。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不要陷入资格陷阱，觉得自己是个失败者。A. athlete运动员；B. loser失败者；C. owner物主；D. winner获胜者。根据上文“It never was, it isn’t now, and it won’t ever be. But do not fall into the entitlement trap”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，作者想告诉我们即使失败多次，也不要觉得自己是个失败者。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：克服它，并与它和睦相处。A. make up编造；B. get along与……和睦相处；C. give out释放；D. pass away去世。根据句中“Get over it”可知，我们要学会面对失败，克服困难，由此可知，我们要学会与失败和睦相处，不要恐惧失败。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词/形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：是的，当你为得到它们而流汗时，大多数事情都会更值得。A. challenge挑战；B. demanding要求高的；C. rewarding值得做的；D. paying付费。根据句中“when you break a sweat to get them”可知，当你为获得成功而流汗时，你会发现大多数事情都是值得的，空格处应用形容词，作表语。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Be Careful on the Internet
Parents of boys at a Sydney private school have been urged to monitor their sons’ use of social networking website, with a warning ____36____ any mistakes made in teenage years could be permanently recorded on the Internet and catch up with them later in life.
The headmaster, Timothy Wright, wrote to parents on Thursday, ____37____(explain) that younger boys were too immature to fully understand the possible consequences of disclosing private information on social networking sites. “We now know that those parts of the brain ____38____ deal with decision-making are still developing in a man in his 20s,” he said. “But mistakes ____39____(commit) at fifteen may be still accessible to an employer ten years later.”
Modern technology means that a careless word, an ill-willed comment or an inappropriate photograph, are on permanent record and freely available to ____40____ has access. Stupidities that ____41____(forget) immediately before now last, spread and damage in ways unknown before this decade.
Dr Wright said that ____42____ words spoken in the playground could be more easily forgotten, those captured on the Internet or on mobile phone text messages could have far more lasting and more hurtful consequences.
He urged parents to set ground rules for use of mobile phones and the Internet and in particular to set boundaries on taking and sending images that ____43____ be used to bully others. “Parents who are paying for the Internet service have an unquestionable right ____44____(insist) they are a friend on social networking websites. I would certainly insist on this _____45_____ at least the end of 16 if not later,” he wrote.
【答案】36. that
37. explaining
38. that##which
39. committed
40. whoever
41. were forgotten
42. though##although##while
43. may 44. to insist
45. until##till
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了悉尼一所私立学校的家长被要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，以防他们在青少年时期犯下可能被互联网永久记录的错误。
【36题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：悉尼一所私立学校的家长被要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，并被警告说，青少年时期的任何错误都可能被永久记录在互联网上，并在以后的生活中受到影响。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作warning的同位语，从句成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：校长Timothy Wright周四写信给家长，解释说小男孩还不成熟，不能完全理解在社交网站上泄露私人信息可能带来的后果。分析句子可知，空处作伴随状语，是非谓语动词，explain和The headmaster逻辑上是主动关系，应用explain的现在分词形式explaining。故填explaining。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们现在知道，20多岁的男性大脑中处理决策的部分仍在发育。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词those parts of the brain，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是15岁时犯的错误可能在10年后仍能被雇主发现。分析句子可知，空处作后置定语修饰mistakes，commit和mistakes逻辑上是被动关系，且结合语境可知，此处侧重已完成，应用commit的过去分词形式committed。故填committed。
【40题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：现代科技意味着一个粗心大意的词，一条恶意的评论或一张不合适的照片，都被永久记录下来，任何人都可以自由地获取。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合语境可知，此处表示“任何一个人”都可以获取，应用连接代词whoever作引导词。故填whoever。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：愚蠢行为以前会被立即遗忘，现在会以十年之前未知的方式持续存在、传播和破坏。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，从句的先行词是Stupidities，在从句中作主语，从句的时间状语是before，时态应用一般过去时，forget和主语之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were forgotten。
【42题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：Wright博士说，虽然在操场上说的话更容易被遗忘，但在互联网或手机短信上说的话可能会造成更持久、更有害的后果。根据“could be more easily forgotten”和“could have far more lasting and more hurtful consequences”可推知，that引导的宾语从句中，前后两部分语义有对立，且结合语境可知，此处表示让步关系，强调后面的内容，空处应用从属连词though、although或while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。故填though/although/while。
【43题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：他敦促家长为孩子使用手机和互联网制定基本规则，特别是在拍摄和发送可能被用来欺凌他人的照片方面设定界限。分析句子可知，此处that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词images，先行词在从句中作主语，从句描述的是通常性的行为，结合语境可知，此处表示这些照片“可能”被用来欺凌他人，空处应用情态动词may表示可能性。故填may。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为互联网服务付费的父母有无可置疑的权利坚持他们社交网站上的朋友身份。名词right常和不定式搭配，表示“做……的权利”，空处应用insist的不定式形式to insist。故填to insist。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：我肯定会坚持到至少16周岁，如果不是更晚的话。结合语境可推知，此处Wright校长在敦促家长要一直坚持对孩子的社交网站的监督，至少要到孩子16周岁的时候，空处应用介词until或till，表示“直到”。故填until/till。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
40%的同学反对：
1. 浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2. 可能会污染太空里的环境。
60%同学赞成：
1. 能更好地应对自然灾害；2. 可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。
注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：贫困poverty
Dear Editor,
Recently our class have had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore the space.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore space. The opinions were divided, with 40% of the students opposing the idea and 60% supporting it.
Those who are against space exploration argue that it is a waste of money, which could be used to solve pressing issues like poverty and hunger on Earth. They also worry about the potential pollution that may occur in space, which could further harm our environment.
On the other hand, the majority of students support space exploration. They believe that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters. Moreover, conducting scientific experiments in space could lead to groundbreaking discoveries, as some experiments can only be conducted in a zero-gravity environment.
Personally, I find myself leaning towards supporting space exploration. While I acknowledge the concerns about the cost and potential pollution, I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
观点：opinion→viewpoint
解决：solve→resolve
处理：cope with→deal with
反对：be against→be opposed to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：They believe that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters.
拓展句：They hold the belief that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters.
【点睛】[高分句型1] They also worry about the potential pollution that may occur in space, which could further harm our environment. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore space. (运用了whether引导宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The chain of kindness
The rain was coming down so hard that each drop seemed to explode as it hit the roof of the car. Tom looked out into the coal-black night, struggling desperately to keep his car on the road. The rain beatdown continuously and the road was deserted except for Tom and his car.
Tom could see his wheelchair in the backseat from the rear-view mirror and quickly looked down at his thin, broken legs. He could feel a familiar wave of despair start to wash over him. Suddenly, a loud noise shook him out of his moment of hopelessness as the car began to bump down the road. “Great,” he thought, “a flat tyre.”
With a heavy sigh, Tom brought the car to a stop, resting his head on the steering wheel, defeated! After a few seconds, he looked up and peered out of the window. In the distance, he could see a light twinkling in the blackness.
When Tom approached the house, a young girl around ten years old was standing in the doorway. He pulled up and rolled down the window. “Are your parents at home?” he shouted over the wind and rain. “I have a flat tyre and I need help.”
“Wait a minute,” the girl replied and went into the house. A few minutes later, she returned with an old man. The girl held his arm and smiled lovingly up at him.
Tom explained the problem to the old man and added, “I need help because my legs are paralyzed.” The words came out flat. But he did not know how else he could convey the fact that he needed help from this weak old man in the middle of the rainstorm. The old man simply nodded.
The old man and the little girl concentrated on their work and the rain was soaking them. Once again, Tom couldn’t help but feel he was useless. Soon the old man stepped to the window. “You’re all set,” he said. Tom handed some money to the old man, but he made no move to take it. Finally, the young girls aid, “Grandfather is blind.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Tom did not know what to say.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Inspired by the chance encounter, Tom started to see everything differently.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Tom did not know what to say. He just gestured towards the girl and the old man helplessly as he stumbled through an explanation that he would like to pay them for their help. The grandfather waved a hand and said, “There is no need. Just be careful about getting home and continue the chain of kindness.” Tom got back on to the road. The rain was now only a light mist, revealing the road ahead. A she drove through the night, he found himself looking forward to the journey ahead.
Inspired by the chance encounter, Tom started to see everything differently. He contacted his doctor the next day to see if he could do something to increase his mobility. Later, he pursued his long-lost dream of becoming a teacher and reconnected with his family. Perhaps Tom was disabled in one way, but he decided that he would not let this define who he was or what he could accomplish. Most importantly, he began to look forward to each new day and view it as an opportunity to help others so that he could continue the chain of kindness.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述一天夜里双腿残疾的Tom独自一人驾车行驶在倾盆大雨之中，突然他发现他的车子爆胎了。Tom将车开到路边的一幢小屋求助。在那里，一个小女孩和她的爷爷冒雨为Tom修好了车。当Tom准备给这对爷孙钱以示感谢时，他发现爷爷竟然是一位盲人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①根据第一段首句“Tom吃惊得说不出话来”可知，下文可描写Tom付钱给老人，但被拒绝，老人告诉他可以把这份传递下去。
②根据第二段首句“这件事让Tom大受鼓舞，他决定联系医生来改善自己的行动能力”可知，下文可描写Tom不再颓废，重拾自己的梦想，并努力将这份信念转化为有益于他人的行动。
2. 续写线索：吃惊——付钱——拒绝并叮嘱将爱心传递下去——受到鼓舞——不再颓废，重拾梦想——帮助他人
3词类激活
行为类
①发现：find/feel/realize
②联系：contact/get in touch with
③决定：decide/determine/make up one’s mind
情绪类
①善良：kindness/goodness
②无助地：helplessly/hopelessly
【点睛】[高分句型1]A she drove through the night, he found himself looking forward to the journey ahead.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]He contacted his doctor the next day to see if he could do something to increase his mobility.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型3]Most importantly, he began to look forward to each new day and view it as an opportunity to help others so that he could continue the chain of kindness.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句）
2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测
高一英语试题
(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Places Named After Scientists in Antarctica
There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in Antarctic. Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they’re named for.
Jones Terrace (梯田)
The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victoria Land bears Jones’ name. In 1969, geochemist Lois M. Jones led the first all-female research team from the U.S. to work in Antarctica. Jones and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica. Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected, Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley’s ice-covered lakes.
Mount Fiennes
8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named for Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic. In 1985, Fiennes became the first female who was invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region.
Francis Peak
The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK. Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.
Peden Cliffs
Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic, where she used radio waves to study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
1. Which place is named after a builder of radio towers in the Antarctic?
A. Jones Terrace. B. Mount Fiennes.
C. Francis Peak. D. Peden Cliffs.
2. Who proved the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctic?
A. Lois M. Jones. B. Ginny Fiennes.
C. Dame Jane Francis. D. Irene Peden.
3. What is special about Irene Peden?
A. She could judge the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
B. She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic.
C. She was the first female American to explore the Antarctic.
D. She correctly measured the spreading speed of radio waves.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了南极洲四个以做出科学突破的女性科学家命名的地标。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mount Fiennes部分中“8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named for Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic.(8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南极洲最大的岛屿——亚历山大岛上，以Ginny Fiennes的名字命名。她在南极洲建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电发射塔)”可知，Fiennes山是以南极洲无线电发射塔建造者Ginny Fiennes的名字命名的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分中“Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.(她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候)”可知，Dame Jane Francis证明了南极洲以前有过更高的温度。故选C项。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分中“They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，Irene Peden的特别之处在于她可以判断南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选A项。
B
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
4. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
5. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
6. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
7. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
C
Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.
“Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research. Just as the OECD assesses primary and secondary education by testing randomly chosen groups of youngsters from each country in reading and mathematics, it will sample university students to see what they have learned. Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education. That may produce a fairer assessment than the two established rankings, though the British one does try to broaden its inquiry by taking opinions from academics and employers.
There is much to be said for the OECD’s approach. Of course a Nobel laureate’s view on where to study may be worth hearing, but those professors may be so busy writing and researching that they spend little or no time teaching—a big weakness at America’s famous universities. And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts. The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled(暴跌)from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.
The OECD plan awaits approval from an education ministers’ meeting in January. The first rankings are planned by 2021. They will be of interest not just as a guide for shoppers in the global market, but also as indicators of performance in domestic markets. They will help academics wondering whether to stay put or switch jobs, students choosing where to spend their time and money, and ambitious university bosses who want a sharper competitive edge for their institution.
The task the OECD has set itself is formidable. In many subjects, such as literature and history, the syllabus varies hugely from one country, and even one campus, to another. But OECD researchers think that problem can be overcome by concentrating on the transferable skills that employers value, such as critical thinking and analysis, and testing subject knowledge only in fields like economics and engineering, with a big common core.
Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching. Worst of all, ranking by reputation allows famous places to coast along, while making life hard for feisty upstarts. “We will not be reflecting a university’s history,” says Mr Schleicher, “but asking: what is a global employer looking for?” A fair question, even if not every single student’s destiny is to work for a multinational firm.
8. The project by OECD is aimed to__________.
A. assess primary and secondary education of each school that subscribe to the service
B. appraise the learning outcomes of university students as part of their academic performance
C. establish a new evaluation system for universities
D. set up a new ranking for compulsory education
9. The assessment method by OECD is different from the established rankings in__________.
A. that its inquiry is broader as to include all the students and staff
B. that its samples are chosen randomly based on statistical analysis of method
C. that it attaches more importance to the learning efficiency
D. that it takes opinions from the students to see what they have learnt
10. By the case of London School of Economies, the author wants to show that__________.
A. the OECD’s approach is very fair
B. the Nobel laureate’s opinion is not worth hearing
C. the British rankings pay more attention to the foreign students
D. different assessment methods may lead to different ranking results
11. The OECD’s ranking system will probably be welcomed most by__________.
A. parents who pay for the children’s secondary education
B. the famous colleges
C. those ambitious second-rank institutions
D. shoppers in the global market
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)通过新的方式对大学进行排名，建立新的大学评价体系。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.(计算出学生和纳税人花在大学上的钱到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情。现在，经济合作与发展组织（OECD），一个位于巴黎的富裕国家智囊团，正计划通过首次对大学教学的成功程度进行国际比较，使这项任务变得容易一些)”及第二段“Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education.(一旦有足够多的大学参与其中，它可能会发布排行榜，显示每个国家的排名，就像它现在对义务教育所做的那样)”可推知，OECD项目是为了建立新的大学评价体系。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可知，OECD组织的评估方法与现有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重学习成果。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.(例如，在上周公布的英国排名中，雄心勃勃的伦敦政治经济学院(London School of Economics)从第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外国学生数量令人印象深刻，但与前几年相比，它获得的赞誉有所减少)”及“And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts.(方法上的改变会带来惊人的转变)”可推知，这个评级的方法和之前的评级有所不同，而这个例子可能就是要说明这个问题，即，不同的评估方法可能导致不同的排名结果。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching.(此外，施莱歇尔表示，这是一项值得做的工作。他认为，今天的排名并不能帮助政府评估他们给大学教育本科生的钱是否得到了回报。学生们忽略了二流的学校，而选择了大牌学校，尽管那些不那么大牌的学校可能更擅长教学)”及上文第二段““Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可推知，OECD的排名系统可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大学欢迎。故选C项。
D
New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyse circadian blood pressure rhythms(节奏)in female mice.
The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period—contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips(下降)at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins (encoded by “clock genes”) that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.
Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PER1) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PERI and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups “kept an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PERI showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.
These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. “This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular(心血管的)function by the circadian clock,” the researchers wrote.
12. What does the new research find?
A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.
B. Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice act normally.
C. Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.
D. A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.
13 What role can circadian clock play according to the text?
A. Helping males cure heart disease.
B. Helping blood pressure vary normally.
C. Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.
D. Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.
14. The lack of PRRI ______
A. has the same impact on males and females
B. makes no difference to males
C. does harm to male’s health
D. is more likely to affect female’s health
15. What would be a suitable title for the text?
A. One clock gene is important
B. Women may benefit from body clock
C. New study analyses blood pressure rhythms
D. Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）”可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PER1) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因(PER1)中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。）”以及“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI对男性健康有害。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age.（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Envy is a natural human emotion, and we writers suffer from it constantly. But if we allow it, our envy will eat us up inside and turn something we once loved (writing) into something we hate now. ____16____. Here are some practical and effective steps you can follow.
Remind yourself why you write.
I write because it’s a main aspect of who I am. It satisfies me in a way nothing else does. Although I’m glad to cash whatever checks publishers send me, this is not my purpose. ____17____. As long as I remember why I write, I don’t feel envious of others.
Keep a positive comment file.
I’ve long kept a blurb(简介)file where I list positive comments reviewers have made about my work. I use these blurbs when it comes time to promote my work. I also read over them when I need to remind myself that I’m a pretty good writer. I take screenshots(截屏)of positive things people say about my work on social media. ____18____
____19____
You know what happens when you don’t see people posting about their writing successes all the time? You know nothing about them. And if you know nothing about them, you can’t be envious of them, can you? So sometimes leaving the social media alone might help you reduce the chance of being envious. Living your life in the real not the virtual world can remind you that your writing career is about you, not about anyone else.
Not focus on writing only.
You should bear in mind that there are more things to your life than your writing career. Hopefully you have friends and family who love you. Spend some time with them. Do you have any hobbies that don’t involve writing, something you do it simply because it’s fun and relaxing? Do that for a while. Take a break for a few days and don’t feel guilty about it. ____20____
A. Cut down on social media.
B. Pay no attention to others successes.
C. Using blurbs make me feel satisfied and relieved.
D. And I look at them when I need an emotional lift as well.
E. I write not for such financial reward, but for emotional reward.
F. Therefore, how can we learn to live with it and minimize its effects?
G. Recharging yourself mentally and emotionally in turn benefits your writing.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了作家如何学会与嫉妒共存，并将其影响降至最低的一些建议。
【16题详解】
上文“Envy is a natural human emotion, and we writers suffer from it constantly. But if we allow it, our envy will eat us up inside and turn something we once loved (writing) into something we hate now.(嫉妒是人类的一种自然情感，而我们作家却经常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我们允许，我们的嫉妒会吞噬我们的内心，把我们曾经喜欢（写）的东西变成我们现在讨厌的东西。)”说明嫉妒对作家不利，选项F“因此，我们如何学会与之共存，并将其影响降至最低？”与上文构成因果关系，因为嫉妒对作家不利，所以作家们要学会怎样与之共存。故选F项。
【17题详解】
上文“Although I’m glad to cash whatever checks publishers send me, this is not my purpose.(尽管我很乐意兑现出版商寄给我的任何支票，但这不是我的目的。)”说明作者的目的不是为了兑现支票，选项E“我写作不是为了金钱上的回报，而是为了情感上的回报。”承接上文，说明作者写作的目的不是为了钱而是情感。故选E项。
【18题详解】
上文“I’ve long kept a blurb(简介)file where I list positive comments reviewers have made about my work. I use these blurbs when it comes time to promote my work. I also read over them when I need to remind myself that I’m a pretty good writer. I take screenshots(截屏)of positive things people say about my work on social media.(我一直保存着一个简介文件，里面列出了评论者对我工作的正面评价。当需要推广我的作品时，我会使用这些简介。当我需要提醒自己我是一个很好的作家时，我也会读一遍。我把人们在社交媒体上对我作品的正面评价截屏。)”说明作者使用简介来列出对其正面评价，以推广作品，也用来提醒自己是个很好的作家。选项C“使用简介让我感到满足和宽慰。”承接上文，总结使用简介使作者感到愉悦。故选C项。
【19题详解】
下文“So sometimes leaving the social media alone might help you reduce the chance of being envious. Living your life in the real not the virtual world can remind you that your writing career is about you, not about anyone else.(因此，有时远离社交媒体可能会帮助你减少嫉妒的机会。生活在真实而非虚拟的世界中会提醒你，你的写作生涯是关于你自己的，而不是关于任何人的。)”建议作家要远离社交媒体，减少嫉妒。选项A“减少使用社交媒体。”概括了本段主题：远离社交媒体。故选A项。
【20题详解】
上文“You should bear in mind that there are more things to your life than your writing career. Hopefully you have friends and family who love you. Spend some time with them. Do you have any hobbies that don’t involve writing, something you do it simply because it’s fun and relaxing? Do that for a while. Take a break for a few days and don’t feel guilty about it. (你应该记住，你的生活中有比你的写作事业更多的事情。希望你有爱你的朋友和家人。花点时间和他们在一起。你有什么与写作无关的爱好吗？你做这些仅仅是因为有趣和放松？这样做一段时间。休息几天，不要为此感到内疚。)”建议作家要关注除写作以外其他的事情，如为了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他爱好的事情。选项G“给自己的精神和情感充电反过来对你的写作也有好处。”承接上文，说明为了乐趣和放松，要做一些与写作无关的事情，因为有益于写作。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I wrote my first novel when I was 22. It was a mess. I didn’t know how to properly organize dialogues and structure a plot (情节). Those were all ____21____. I planned to work out later. I gave the book to my father to read, and he left me a voice mail in a few days saying that it was ____22____ and that I was going to sell it for $300,000.
____23____, and rather quickly, the book was ____24____ by every publisher in New York. If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it. I was ____25____: of course, but I knew better than to give up—writing wasn’t an easy job, and if this book wasn’t my ____26____ in, maybe the next one would be. I got back to work.
But this scenario (剧情) happened again: I wrote books...and then they wouldn’t ____27____. Still my father’s faith in me never wavered (动摇), even if I worked a host of other jobs. Some of the jobs, like being a bookseller, were great and ____28____ to my writing life. Some, like selling overpriced jeans to 12-year-olds, were only insofar as they were material for future ____29____. And they were—because it finally _____30_____. I sold a book! I was going to make it big!
I completely agree with the motivation speaker and author John Maxwell’s words: “Successful and unsuccessful people do not vary greatly in their abilities but in their _____31_____ to reach their potential.” Life’s not _____32_____. It never was, it isn’t now, and it won’t ever be. But do not fall into the entitlement trap of feeling you are a(n) _____33_____. You are not. Get over it and _____34_____ with it. And yes, most things are more _____35_____ when you break a sweat to get them.
21. A. facts B. messages C. meanings D. details
22. A. practical B. complex C. wonderful D. puzzling
23. A. But B. Instead C. Therefore D. Regardless
24. A. rejected B. accepted C. abused D. commended
25. A. depressed B. amazed C. frightened D. pleased
26. A. card B. ticket C. pen D. bill
27. A. write B. buy C. work D. sell
28. A. unearthed B. taught C. led D. contributed
29. A. lives B. decisions C. stories D. jobs
30. A. happened B. failed C. made D. passed
31. A. request B. order C. recommendation D. desire
32. A. sad B. anxious C. hard D. easy
33. A. athlete B. loser C. owner D. winner
34. A. make up B. get along C. give out D. pass away
35. A. challenge B. demanding C. rewarding D. paying
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想成为一名作家，但他写的书卖不出去，他没有放弃，不断努力，最终获得了成功，成功卖出自己的书。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些都是细节。A. facts事实；B. messages信息；C. meanings意义；D. details细节。根据上文“I didn’t know how to properly organize dialogues and structure a plot (情节).”可知，我不知道如何正确地组织对话和构建情节，“对话和情节”属于一本小说的细节。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把这本书交给父亲阅读，几天后他给我留了一封语音邮件，说这本书精彩了，我打算以30万美元的价格把它卖掉。A. practical实用的；B. complex复杂的；C. wonderful精彩的；D. puzzling令人费解的。根据“I planned to work out later. I gave the book to my father to read, and he left me a voice mail in a few days”和下文“Still, my father’s faith in me never wavered”可知，父亲一直认为我的书写的很好，一直相信我，由此可知，他认为这本书是精彩的。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，这本书很快就遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。A. But只有；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. Regardless不管。根据上文“I was going to sell it for $300,000”和下文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我认为自己的书能够卖出去，相反，这本书遭到了出版商的拒绝。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，这本书很快就遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。A. rejected拒绝；B. accepted接受；C. abused滥用；D. commended称赞。根据下文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我可能会获得“最多拒绝”奖，由此可知，这本书遭到了纽约所有出版商的拒绝。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧：当然，但我知道不能放弃——写作不是一件容易的事，如果这本书不是我的入场券，也许下一本会是。A. depressed沮丧的；B. amazed吃惊的；C. frightened害怕的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我的书遭到了很多出版商的拒绝，由此可知，我很沮丧。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧：当然，但我知道不能放弃——写作不是一件容易的事，如果这本书不是我的入场券，也许下一本会是。A. card卡片；B. ticket入场券；C. pen钢笔；D. bill账单。根据上文“If there were a literary prize for Most Rejections, I would have won it.”可知，我的书失败了，由此可知，这本书不是我跻身作家领域的“入场券”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种剧情再次发生：我写书……然后它们没卖掉。A. write写；B. buy买；C. work工作；D. sell卖。根据句中“But this scenario (剧情) happened again”可知，同样的剧情再次发生，由此可知，和之前一样，我的书没卖掉。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一些工作，比如做一名书商，非常棒，为我的写作生涯做出了贡献。A. unearthed挖掘；B. taught教；C. led引领；D. contributed贡献。根据下文“Some, like selling overpriced jeans to 12-year-olds, were only insofar as they were material for future ___9__.”可知，我的工作经历为我的写作提供了素材，由此可知，我的工作为我的写作生涯做出了贡献。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些，比如向12岁的孩子出售价格过高的牛仔裤，只是因为它们是未来故事的素材。A. lives生活；B. decisions决定；C. stories故事；D. jobs工作。根据上文“Some of the jobs, like being a bookseller, were great and ___8__ to my writing life.”可知，我的工作为我的写作生涯做出了贡献，由此可知，其中一些经历为我未来写的故事提供了素材。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是——因为事情终于发生了。A. happened发生；B. failed失败；C. made制造；D. passed通过。根据下文“I sold a book!”可知，我卖了一本书，由此可知，我期盼的事情终于发生了。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完全同意励志演说家兼作家约翰·麦克斯韦尔的话：“成功和不成功的人在能力上没有太大的差异，而是在发挥潜能的渴望上。”A. request要求；B. order订单；C. recommendation推荐；D. desire渴望。根据上文“And they were—because it finally __10___. I sold a book!”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，与不成功的人相比，成功的人更渴望发挥潜能。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活并不容易。从来没有，现在没有，将来也不会。A. sad悲伤的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. hard艰难的；D. easy容易的。根据上文“But this scenario (剧情) happened again: I wrote books...and then they wouldn’t ___7___.”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，作者想告诉我们生活并不容易。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不要陷入资格陷阱，觉得自己是个失败者。A. athlete运动员；B. loser失败者；C. owner物主；D. winner获胜者。根据上文“It never was, it isn’t now, and it won’t ever be. But do not fall into the entitlement trap”可知，作者经历了多次失败后才取得成功，由此可知，作者想告诉我们即使失败多次，也不要觉得自己是个失败者。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：克服它，并与它和睦相处。A. make up编造；B. get along与……和睦相处；C. give out释放；D. pass away去世。根据句中“Get over it”可知，我们要学会面对失败，克服困难，由此可知，我们要学会与失败和睦相处，不要恐惧失败。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词/形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：是的，当你为得到它们而流汗时，大多数事情都会更值得。A. challenge挑战；B. demanding要求高的；C. rewarding值得做的；D. paying付费。根据句中“when you break a sweat to get them”可知，当你为获得成功而流汗时，你会发现大多数事情都是值得的，空格处应用形容词，作表语。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Be Careful on the Internet
Parents of boys at a Sydney private school have been urged to monitor their sons’ use of social networking website, with a warning ____36____ any mistakes made in teenage years could be permanently recorded on the Internet and catch up with them later in life.
The headmaster, Timothy Wright, wrote to parents on Thursday, ____37____(explain) that younger boys were too immature to fully understand the possible consequences of disclosing private information on social networking sites. “We now know that those parts of the brain ____38____ deal with decision-making are still developing in a man in his 20s,” he said. “But mistakes ____39____(commit) at fifteen may be still accessible to an employer ten years later.”
Modern technology means that a careless word, an ill-willed comment or an inappropriate photograph, are on permanent record and freely available to ____40____ has access. Stupidities that ____41____(forget) immediately before now last, spread and damage in ways unknown before this decade.
Dr Wright said that ____42____ words spoken in the playground could be more easily forgotten, those captured on the Internet or on mobile phone text messages could have far more lasting and more hurtful consequences.
He urged parents to set ground rules for use of mobile phones and the Internet and in particular to set boundaries on taking and sending images that ____43____ be used to bully others. “Parents who are paying for the Internet service have an unquestionable right ____44____(insist) they are a friend on social networking websites. I would certainly insist on this _____45_____ at least the end of 16 if not later,” he wrote.
【答案】36. that
37. explaining
38. that##which
39. committed
40. whoever
41. were forgotten
42. though##although##while
43. may 44. to insist
45. until##till
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了悉尼一所私立学校的家长被要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，以防他们在青少年时期犯下可能被互联网永久记录的错误。
【36题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：悉尼一所私立学校的家长被要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，并被警告说，青少年时期的任何错误都可能被永久记录在互联网上，并在以后的生活中受到影响。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作warning的同位语，从句成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：校长Timothy Wright周四写信给家长，解释说小男孩还不成熟，不能完全理解在社交网站上泄露私人信息可能带来的后果。分析句子可知，空处作伴随状语，是非谓语动词，explain和The headmaster逻辑上是主动关系，应用explain的现在分词形式explaining。故填explaining。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们现在知道，20多岁的男性大脑中处理决策的部分仍在发育。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词those parts of the brain，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是15岁时犯的错误可能在10年后仍能被雇主发现。分析句子可知，空处作后置定语修饰mistakes，commit和mistakes逻辑上是被动关系，且结合语境可知，此处侧重已完成，应用commit的过去分词形式committed。故填committed。
【40题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：现代科技意味着一个粗心大意的词，一条恶意的评论或一张不合适的照片，都被永久记录下来，任何人都可以自由地获取。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合语境可知，此处表示“任何一个人”都可以获取，应用连接代词whoever作引导词。故填whoever。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：愚蠢行为以前会被立即遗忘，现在会以十年之前未知的方式持续存在、传播和破坏。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，从句的先行词是Stupidities，在从句中作主语，从句的时间状语是before，时态应用一般过去时，forget和主语之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were forgotten。
【42题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：Wright博士说，虽然在操场上说的话更容易被遗忘，但在互联网或手机短信上说的话可能会造成更持久、更有害的后果。根据“could be more easily forgotten”和“could have far more lasting and more hurtful consequences”可推知，that引导的宾语从句中，前后两部分语义有对立，且结合语境可知，此处表示让步关系，强调后面的内容，空处应用从属连词though、although或while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。故填though/although/while。
【43题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：他敦促家长为孩子使用手机和互联网制定基本规则，特别是在拍摄和发送可能被用来欺凌他人的照片方面设定界限。分析句子可知，此处that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词images，先行词在从句中作主语，从句描述的是通常性的行为，结合语境可知，此处表示这些照片“可能”被用来欺凌他人，空处应用情态动词may表示可能性。故填may。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为互联网服务付费的父母有无可置疑的权利坚持他们社交网站上的朋友身份。名词right常和不定式搭配，表示“做……的权利”，空处应用insist的不定式形式to insist。故填to insist。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：我肯定会坚持到至少16周岁，如果不是更晚的话。结合语境可推知，此处Wright校长在敦促家长要一直坚持对孩子的社交网站的监督，至少要到孩子16周岁的时候，空处应用介词until或till，表示“直到”。故填until/till。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
40%的同学反对：
1. 浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2. 可能会污染太空里的环境。
60%同学赞成：
1. 能更好地应对自然灾害；2. 可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。
注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：贫困poverty
Dear Editor,
Recently our class have had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore the space.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore space. The opinions were divided, with 40% of the students opposing the idea and 60% supporting it.
Those who are against space exploration argue that it is a waste of money, which could be used to solve pressing issues like poverty and hunger on Earth. They also worry about the potential pollution that may occur in space, which could further harm our environment.
On the other hand, the majority of students support space exploration. They believe that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters. Moreover, conducting scientific experiments in space could lead to groundbreaking discoveries, as some experiments can only be conducted in a zero-gravity environment.
Personally, I find myself leaning towards supporting space exploration. While I acknowledge the concerns about the cost and potential pollution, I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
观点：opinion→viewpoint
解决：solve→resolve
处理：cope with→deal with
反对：be against→be opposed to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：They believe that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters.
拓展句：They hold the belief that it provides us with a better means to cope with natural disasters.
【点睛】[高分句型1] They also worry about the potential pollution that may occur in space, which could further harm our environment. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for mankind to explore space. (运用了whether引导宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The chain of kindness
The rain was coming down so hard that each drop seemed to explode as it hit the roof of the car. Tom looked out into the coal-black night, struggling desperately to keep his car on the road. The rain beatdown continuously and the road was deserted except for Tom and his car.
Tom could see his wheelchair in the backseat from the rear-view mirror and quickly looked down at his thin, broken legs. He could feel a familiar wave of despair start to wash over him. Suddenly, a loud noise shook him out of his moment of hopelessness as the car began to bump down the road. “Great,” he thought, “a flat tyre.”
With a heavy sigh, Tom brought the car to a stop, resting his head on the steering wheel, defeated! After a few seconds, he looked up and peered out of the window. In the distance, he could see a light twinkling in the blackness.
When Tom approached the house, a young girl around ten years old was standing in the doorway. He pulled up and rolled down the window. “Are your parents at home?” he shouted over the wind and rain. “I have a flat tyre and I need help.”
“Wait a minute,” the girl replied and went into the house. A few minutes later, she returned with an old man. The girl held his arm and smiled lovingly up at him.
Tom explained the problem to the old man and added, “I need help because my legs are paralyzed.” The words came out flat. But he did not know how else he could convey the fact that he needed help from this weak old man in the middle of the rainstorm. The old man simply nodded.
The old man and the little girl concentrated on their work and the rain was soaking them. Once again, Tom couldn’t help but feel he was useless. Soon the old man stepped to the window. “You’re all set,” he said. Tom handed some money to the old man, but he made no move to take it. Finally, the young girls aid, “Grandfather is blind.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Tom did not know what to say.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Inspired by the chance encounter, Tom started to see everything differently.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Tom did not know what to say. He just gestured towards the girl and the old man helplessly as he stumbled through an explanation that he would like to pay them for their help. The grandfather waved a hand and said, “There is no need. Just be careful about getting home and continue the chain of kindness.” Tom got back on to the road. The rain was now only a light mist, revealing the road ahead. A she drove through the night, he found himself looking forward to the journey ahead.
Inspired by the chance encounter, Tom started to see everything differently. He contacted his doctor the next day to see if he could do something to increase his mobility. Later, he pursued his long-lost dream of becoming a teacher and reconnected with his family. Perhaps Tom was disabled in one way, but he decided that he would not let this define who he was or what he could accomplish. Most importantly, he began to look forward to each new day and view it as an opportunity to help others so that he could continue the chain of kindness.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述一天夜里双腿残疾的Tom独自一人驾车行驶在倾盆大雨之中，突然他发现他的车子爆胎了。Tom将车开到路边的一幢小屋求助。在那里，一个小女孩和她的爷爷冒雨为Tom修好了车。当Tom准备给这对爷孙钱以示感谢时，他发现爷爷竟然是一位盲人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①根据第一段首句“Tom吃惊得说不出话来”可知，下文可描写Tom付钱给老人，但被拒绝，老人告诉他可以把这份传递下去。
②根据第二段首句“这件事让Tom大受鼓舞，他决定联系医生来改善自己的行动能力”可知，下文可描写Tom不再颓废，重拾自己的梦想，并努力将这份信念转化为有益于他人的行动。
2. 续写线索：吃惊——付钱——拒绝并叮嘱将爱心传递下去——受到鼓舞——不再颓废，重拾梦想——帮助他人
3词类激活
行为类
①发现：find/feel/realize
②联系：contact/get in touch with
③决定：decide/determine/make up one’s mind
情绪类
①善良：kindness/goodness
②无助地：helplessly/hopelessly
【点睛】[高分句型1]A she drove through the night, he found himself looking forward to the journey ahead.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]He contacted his doctor the next day to see if he could do something to increase his mobility.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型3]Most importantly, he began to look forward to each new day and view it as an opportunity to help others so that he could continue the chain of kindness.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句）
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