第06讲 介词--2023-2024学年新七年级英语暑假精品课(人教版)
展开第06讲 介词
【学习目标】
考点分布
考点内容
命题焦点
1) 地点介词
2) 时间介词
3) 方式介词
4) 方向介词
1) 了解表示地点、时间、方式和方向介词。
2) 知道常见介词on, in, at, to, for, with等的基本用法。
3) 熟记常见介词短语的搭配。
考查重点:常见介词的基本用法及常见介词短语的搭配
常考题型:选择题、填空题、完形填空
【基础知识】
考点01 地点介词
at
用在表示地域面积不大的某个点的地方。
at the cinema 在电影院
at the airport 在机场
at home 在家
on
“在……的上面”表示两个物体的表面。
on the table 在桌子上
on the river 在河里
on a small island 在一个小岛上
in
“在……的里面”,也可以表示在一个很大的空间内。
in the box 在盒子里
in Paris 在巴黎
in the zoo 在动物园
under
“在……的正下方”,与物体表面不接触,反义词是over。
There is a cat under the bed. 床下有一只猫。
The rivers under the bridge. 河水从桥下流过。
over
“在……的正上方”,与物体表面不接触,反义词是under。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
A lamp hung over us. 我们上方有一盏灯。
above
“在……的上方”,但不一定是正上方,两个物体之间也没有接触,反义词是below。
The plane is flying above the city. 飞机在城市上方飞行。
A lot of birds are flying above the trees. 许多鸟在树的上空飞。
below
“在……的下方”,但不一定是正下方,两个物体之间没有接触,反义词是above。
We could find something below the surface of water. 我们能在水面下发现一些东西。
The fields are below the sea level. 地面低于海平面。
near
“在……附近”
I don’t need a car because I live near my company. 我不需要汽车,因为我住在公司附近。
There is an underground car-park near here. 附近有一个地下停车场。
next to
“紧挨着”
She sat down next to him on the sofa. 她紧挨着他的沙发坐下来。
The cinema locates next to the hospital. 电影院在医院附近。
behind
“在……的后面”
The rabbit is behind the Easter Egg. 这只兔子复活节彩蛋的后面。
Oliver hid behind tree. Oliver 藏在树的后面。
between
“在两者之间”
The office building is between the library and school gym. 办公楼在图书馆和操场之间。
He was sitting between two ladies. 他坐在两位女士的中间。
in front of
“在……的前面”,某个范围以外。
There are some trees in front of the building. 在这建筑物前面有很多树。
My father is in front of the house. 我的爸爸正站在房子的前面。
in the front of
“在……的前面”,某个范围以内。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 老师正坐在教室的前面。
The dog is in the front of the car. 那只狗坐在车的前面。
beside
“在……旁边”
Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
A football is beside the door. 一个足球在门的旁边。
考点02 时间介词
at
1) 具体时刻:at four thirty 在4:30
2) 节日:at Christmas 在圣诞节
3) 年龄:at the age of eleven 11岁
4) 一天中的某段时间:at night 在夜里 at noon在中午
on
1) 某一天的某时段:on Sunday afternoon
2) 具体到某一天:on June 23rd 在6月23日 on Monday 在周一
3) 周末:on weekends 在周末
in
1) 月份:in June 在六月
2) 季节:in summer 在夏天
3) 年份:in 2008 在2008年
4) 一天中某段时间:
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
before
表示时间“在……之前”。
I get up before 7:00 everyday morning. 每天早上我都是七点之前起床。
We have to finish the work before tomorrow morning. 我们必须在明天早上之前完成工作。
after
表示时间“在……之后”。
I went to my grandma’s house after school. 放学后我去了奶奶家。
My mother often walks the dog after supper. 我的妈妈经常在晚饭后去遛狗。
from…to
“从……到……”
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五去上学。
I work hard from morning to evening. 从早到晚我一直努力工作。
考点03 方式介词
by
乘坐……,表示交通方式。
by car 开车 by plane 坐飞机 by air 坐飞机
by subway 坐地铁 by bike 骑自行车 by train 坐火车 by taxi 打车
on
使用每种交通工具。
on a bus 乘坐公交车 on foot 步行(步行只能用on)
in
使用某种语言、工具。
in English 用英语 in Chinese 用中文 in a taxi 乘坐出租车
with
表示使用某种工作或身体某部位。
I can see with my eyes. 我可以用我的眼睛看到。
He eats jiaozi with chopsticks. 他用筷子吃饺子。
考点04方向介词
into
表示“从外向里”。
He jumped into the water to save the girl. 他跳进水里去救那个女孩。
I put my phone into my handbag, but now I can’t find it. 我把手机放在了手包里,但是现在找不到了。
out of
表示“有里向外”。
We look out the window and see the mountains. 我们望出窗外,看到了群山。
The husband took the gift out of the bag. 丈夫从包里拿出了礼物。
up
表示“由下向上”。
I climbed up the top of the hill. 我爬到了小山的山顶。
I ran up the stairs. 我爬上了楼梯。
down
表示“由上到下”。
They climbed down from the roof. 他们从屋顶上爬下来。
She went down to the first floor. 她下到一楼去了。
from
表示“从……”,“来自……”
Sara is from Canada. Sara来自加拿大。
I got a birthday gift from my parents. 我收到了爸妈给我的生日礼物。
to
表示“到……,向……,往……”
I go to the school at 7:00. 我七点去学校。
That spring we went to Paris. 那年春天我们去了巴黎。
across
含有“横穿”的意思,常与street,bridge等名词联用。
There is a bridge across the river. 有一座桥横跨河两岸。
Go across the street, and you’ll see the hospital.
through
表示“从……里面穿过”。
The train went through the tunnel. 火车穿过了隧道。
We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。
along
表示“沿着……”,常与road,street,river等名词联用。
Go along the street, you’ll see the bank. 沿着这条街走,你会看到银行。
He drove his car along East Street. 他开车沿着东大街走。
其他介词:
for
1) 表示目的、对象,意思是“为……”
I buy a pair of shoes for my grandma. 我给奶奶买了一双鞋。
2) 表示原因,意思是“因为”。
I am sorry for being late. 对不起,我来晚了。
3) for+一段时间
They have lived in China for ten years. 他们在中国已经生活了十年了。
about
表示某种事物的内容,意思是“关于”。
Can you tell me more about the movie? 你能告诉我关于这个电影的更多信息吗?
with
表示“和……在一起”。
Can you go to the hospital with me? 你能和我去医院吗?
in
表示“穿着,带着”。
The girl in the blue is my little sister. 那个穿蓝衣服女孩是我的小妹妹。
of
表示所属关系,意思是“……的”。
This is a map of the world. 这是一张世界地图。
like
表示比较,意思是“像……”。
This lady looks like Zhang Ziyi. 这位女士看上去像章子怡。
【考点剖析】
考点1、时间介词
1.I had breakfast at about 8:00 Tuesday morning.( )
A.in B.on C.at
2.He will go to school ________ 7:00 ________ the morning.( )
A.in;on B.at;in C.in;at
考点2、地点介词
1.They are ____ the playground.( )
A.out B.on C.at
2.The art room is __________ the first floor.( )
A.at B.on C.in
考点3、方向介词
1.Kim is_____Li Ming and Danny.( )
A.in B.under C.between
2.Walk_____Winter Street.( )
A.along B.right C.left
3.Does Jimmy sit_____your right?( )
A.in B.on C.by
4.The boys are in front of the girls.
The girls are the boys.( )
A.beside B.behind
考点4、方式介词
1.﹣﹣How do you come to school? ﹣﹣I often come bike.( )
A.to B.by C.in
2.She often eats noodles____chopsticks.( )
A.of B.for C.with
【真题演练】
1.Children's Day is ____ June 1st.( )
A.at B.in C.of D.on
2.I go to school ____ Mondays.( )
A.at B.in C.on
3.Visit Uncle Booky________six o'clock.( )
A.on B.at C.in
4.We will have a singing contest______ May.( )
A.in B.at C.on
5.He has a dog____ the farm.( )
A.in B.at C.on
6.Lingling is sitting ______Amy and Daming. (A﹣﹣L﹣﹣D)( )
A.beside B.between
7.We will meet____the gate of the museum tomorrow.( )
A.on B.in C.at D.about
8.John is behind Mike.Mike is______ John.( )
A.behind B.between
C.in front of
9.This is my room.There is a desk ________ the bed.( )
A.in B.between C.beside
10.﹣﹣﹣ How do I get to the hotel? ﹣﹣﹣ Walk Green Street.( )
A.along B.long C.away
11.The trash bin is ________ the door.( )
A.in B.on C.behind
12.It's ______ your desk.( )
A.under B.this C.No
13.The box falls_____the floor.The nails are on the floor.( )
A.on B.onto C.down
14.We are going to Hangzhou _______ ship.( )
A.by B.on C.with
15.﹣How do you come to school? ﹣I usually come foot.Sometimes bus.( )
A.on;by B.by;by C.by;on
16.I like to play sports ___________ my friends.( )
A.for B.to C.with
【过关检测】
一、选择题
1.Father's Day is ___ the third Sunday ___June.( )
A.on;in B.in;on C.at;on
2.It will start_____seven o'clock.( )
A.on B.at C.of
3.It's warm ____ April in Guangdong.( )
A.in B.on C.at
4.Our classroom is ________ the second floor.( )
A.next B.on C.to
5.The restaurant is ____ the hospital.( )
A.front B.in front C.beside
6.It's ____ the map!( )
A.dad B.head C.under
7.You can turn left ______the traffic lights.( )
A.to B.at C.on
8.My aunt flew ________ Shanghai last Sunday.( )
A.in B.of C.to
9.Look _____ the library rules.( )
A.at B.for C.in
10.Many people like to travel ______ plane.( )
A.by B.with C.on
11.Are you going ______ air ?( )
A.by B.in C.on
12.He usually goes to school foot.( )
A.in B.by C.on
二.填空题
13.Sarah and her family will eat mooncakes (on/in)Mid﹣Autumn Day.
14.What do you enjoy doing (on/at) weekends?
15.My parents don't go to work Saturdays and Sundays.
16.He watches TV the evening.
17.﹣Where is the cat?﹣She is (on/in ) the kitchen.
18.The football is (在….下面) the desk.
19.My coat is _____ (在…后面) the door.
20.There are some umbrellas ______ _ the door,You can't see them.
21.What's ___ __ the tree?There is a bird.
22.The little bear is the tiger and the panda.
23.Is there a dog the table?Yes,there is.
24.Peter lives London.
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