浙江省绍兴市2024届高三英语上学期模拟预测试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份浙江省绍兴市2024届高三英语上学期模拟预测试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2024届嘉兴市高考适应性考试
英语试题
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：短对话(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the speakers do on the woman’s birthday?
A. Hold a party. B. Take a trip. C. See a movie.
2. What does the man think of driving to work?
A. Annoying. B. Satisfactory. C. Time-consuming
3. When will the speakers meet?
A. 3 P.M. B. 5 P.M. C. 6 P.M.
4. Where is the woman’s phone?
A. On the sofa. B. Near the TV set. C. On the table.
5. Who are the speakers talking about?
A. An old friend. B. An American tourist. C. A German tourist.
第二节：(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the relationship between the man and Jack?
A. Workmates. B. Neighbours. C. Schoolmates.
7. Why does Jack stand close when talking to someone?
A. He doesn’t hear well.
B. He’s interest in the topic.
C. It’s the custom of his country.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who will the man live with?
A. His friends. B. His family. C. Nobody else.
9. Where does the man work?
A. At college. B. In a Bank. C. In a car factory
10. How many bedrooms does the man prefer to have?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four,
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What did Paul do when he left school?
A. A waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A zookeeper
12. How did Paul’s relative help him?
A. She introduced him to her boss.
B. She gave him some advice.
C. She offered him a job.
13. What did Paul say about the job at the animal rescue center?
A. It was highly-paid. B. It was perfect for him.
C. It required few qualifications.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the man doing?
A. Placing an order. B. Selling insurance. C. Conducting an interview.
15. What did the woman study for a degree?
A. Finance. B. Insurance. C. Public relations.
16. What is an advantage of a smaller business according to the woman?
A. Greater contributions to the neighbourhood.
B. Closer employer-employee relationship.
C. More flexibility in providing services.
17. What is the woman’s plan for the next two weeks?
A. To stay with her parents.
B. To call her relatives.
C. To finish her work.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What kind of tour is Sally talking about?
A. A bus tour. B. A train tour. C. A walking tour.
19. What were the original buildings in this area?
A. Houses. B. Industrial buildings. C. Shops.
20. What did the local residents want to use the site for?
A. Leisure. B. Apartment blocks. C. A sports center.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：(共15个小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Eggs-perimenting with eggs
What can you do with eggs other than eat them?
Naked Eggs
What does an egg look like without its shell? You may be picturing the white and yolk in a bowl after cracking it, but that isn’t the only way to remove the shell.
Materials: an egg, white vinegar, a bowl, a spoon
Directions: Fill a bowl with one cup of vinegar. Add the egg to the bowl, and wait at least 24 hours. When you check it after a day, you’ll notice some bubbles on the egg and a residue (残留物) in the water. Use the spoon to gently remove the egg from the bowl. Dump out the old vinegar, and add a cup of fresh vinegar. Return the egg to the bowl, and wait another 24 hours. When you remove the egg this time, the shell should be completely dissolved. What remains will be the contents of the egg.
Walking on Eggshells
Can Eggs hold the weight of your entire body?
Materials: six cartons (硬纸盒) of eggs, a garbage bag
Directions: Place the garbage bag on the floor to make any necessary clean up easier. Place the cartons of eggs into two rows of three. Make sure all the eggs are pointing in the same direction— either all pointy end up or all rounded end up. Step onto the first carton of eggs carefully. Make sure your foot is as flat as possible and that you are distributing your weight evenly. If you’re careful, you will succeed. Eggs are actually incredibly strong. The arch shape at the top and the bottom of the egg allows pressure to be distributed evenly over the egg. If you were to place the eggs on their sides instead, you’d be likely to wind up with a gooey (胶粘的) mess.
1. In the first experiment, what causes the eggshell to dissolve?
A. Vinegar. B. Water. C. Bubbles. D. Residue
2 What makes the eggs strong enough to walk across?
A. The position of eggs. B. The number of eggs.
C. The weight of eggs. D. The distribution of eggs.
3. What was the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A. To persuade readers to use eggs in new ways.
B. To entertain readers with funny use for eggs.
C. To tell readers some ways to experiment with eggs.
D. To inspire readers to conduct experiments carefully.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了两个用鸡蛋做实验的方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Naked Eggs下的Directions：“Fill a bowl with one cup of vinegar. Add the egg to the bowl, and wait at least 24 hours. When you check it after a day, you’ll notice some bubbles on the egg and a residue (残留物) in the water. Use the spoon to gently remove the egg from the bowl. Dump out the old vinegar, and add a cup of fresh vinegar. Return the egg to the bowl, and wait another 24 hours. When you remove the egg this time, the shell should be completely dissolved. What remains will be the contents of the egg. (在碗中加入一杯醋。将鸡蛋加入碗中，等待至少24小时。当你一天后检查它时，你会注意到鸡蛋上有一些气泡和水中的残留物。用勺子轻轻地把鸡蛋从碗里舀出来。倒出旧醋，加入一杯新醋。将鸡蛋放回碗中，再等24小时。当你这次取出鸡蛋时，蛋壳应该完全溶解了。剩下的将是蛋的成分（蛋黄和蛋清）。)” 可知在第一个实验中，是醋导致蛋壳溶解，故选A。
2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Walking on Eggshells下的“Eggs are actually incredibly strong. The arch shape at the top and the bottom of the egg allows pressure to be distributed evenly over the egg. If you were to place the eggs on their sides instead, you’d be likely to wind up with a gooey (胶粘的) mess.（鸡蛋实际上非常结实。鸡蛋顶部和底部的拱形形状可以使压力均匀地分布在鸡蛋上。如果你把鸡蛋放在它们的侧面，你可能会得到一团黏糊糊的东西。）” 可知是鸡蛋的分布让这些蛋足够结实，可以走过去，故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述两个用鸡蛋做实验的方法，所以目的就是告诉我们鸡蛋除了吃，还可以用来做实验以及具体的实验方法，故选C。
B
Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment. Nick would sit with computers on his lap trying for hours to book an appointment on different sites, which ended up in vain no matter how concentrated he was. “I felt hopeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard about Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mother of three who was helping to secure appointments for vulnerable individuals like Nick. So he messaged Zwinggi on Facebook: Can you help? Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reported back—Nick successfully had an appointment to get the vaccine.
Zwinggi’s vaccine hunting started on February 1, when she learned that her parents—her father has diabetes and her mother is a breast cancer survivor with a heart condition—were unable to get appointments themselves. She hated that they had to wait. Clicking around on vaccine registration sites, Zwinggi, who has helped her husband develop websites, says “It was like trying to get a ticket to the Baseball World Series final”.
She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open, refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says. Soon enough, Zwinggi had secured appointments for both of her parents. “I felt like a rock star,” she says.
Zwinggi decided that helping others would be her way of giving back. “I feel like I need to will us out of this pandemic,” she says. On February 10, she logged on to Facebook to let people know that she was assisting with bookings. By March 2, she’d secured appointments for 400 people, a feat (壮举) that made Nick conclude, “Marla is an angel.”
4. The underlined words “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer to those ______.
A. who are too old to book an appointment. B. who need vaccine badly with serious disease.
C. who have little experience with computers. D. who have little spare time with many kids.
5. Why did Zwinggi start to search for vaccines online?
A. Because she has helped her husband develop websites.
B. Because Nick made contact with her on Facebook for help.
C. Because her parents failed to secure appointments themselves.
D. Because she was familiar with the vaccine registration sites.
6. Which of the following best describes Zwinggi?
A. Caring and confident B. Passionate and persevering
C. Thoughtful and talented D. Supportive and skillful
7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. A Tough Battle Against COVID- 19 B. The Vaccine Hunter
C. A Great Way to Get the Vaccine D. The Vaccine Chaos
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Zwinggi帮助他人预约疫苗的事迹。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment.(俄亥俄州53岁的肾移植受者Nick Verel本应排在接种COVID-19疫苗的前列。然而，和其他数百万人一样，他也没能安排好预约)”以及划线词后文“like Nick”可知，Nick需要肾移植但是预约不上疫苗，故划线词意思是“患有严重疾病急需疫苗的人”。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Zwinggi’s vaccine hunting started on February 1, when she learned that her parents—her father has diabetes and her mother is a breast cancer survivor with a heart condition—were unable to get appointments themselves. She hated that they had to wait. Clicking around on vaccine registration sites, Zwinggi, who has helped her husband develop websites, says “It was like trying to get a ticket to the Baseball World Series final”.(Zwinggi寻找疫苗的工作始于2月1日，当时她得知她的父母——她的父亲患有糖尿病，她的母亲是患有心脏病的乳腺癌幸存者——无法自己预约疫苗。她讨厌他们不得不等待。Zwinggi帮助她的丈夫开发了一些网站，她点击了一些疫苗注册网站，她说：“这就像试图买一张棒球世界系列赛决赛的门票。”)”可知，Zwinggi开始在网上搜索疫苗是因为她的父母自己没能预约到。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open, refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says.(她采用了网络内部人士熟悉的策略（保持多个浏览器打开，每20秒刷新一次网站，删除cookie），并添加了一些她的特殊技能。“我喝很多咖啡，而且打字很快，”她说)”以及最后一段“Zwinggi decided that helping others would be her way of giving back.( Zwinggi认为帮助他人是她回馈社会的方式)”可推知，Zwinggi乐于助人且对预约疫苗很熟练。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“By March 2, she’d secured appointments for 400 people, a feat (壮举) that made Nick conclude, “Marla is an angel.”(到3月2日，她已经为400人安排了预约，这一壮举让尼克得出结论：“玛拉是一位天使。”)”结合文章主要说明了Zwinggi帮助他人预约疫苗的事迹。可知，B选项“疫苗搜寻者”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
Top European hotel chains are hiring workers without experience or even a resume as executives admit years of underpaying staff have come back to bite, leaving them unable to meet post-pandemic travel demand.
Thousands of workers left the hospitality industry (酒店业) when international travel shut down during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Many chose not to return, finding better paid employment elsewhere, leaving hoteliers facing a desperate shortage.
Europe’s largest hotelier Accor ACCP. PA is running trial initiatives to recruit people who haven’t previously worked in the industry, Chief Executive Sebastien Bazin said at the Qatar Economic Forum last month.” We tried in Lyon and Bordeaux 10 days ago and this weekend we’re having people interviewed with no resume, no prior job experience and they are hired within 24 hours. The new recruits are given six hours of training and learn on the job,” he said.
In the short term, Accor is filling roles in France with young people and migrants while also limiting services. “It’s students, people coming from North Africa,” Bazin said. “And basically closing restaurants for lunch or opening them only five days a week. There’s no other solution.”
Staff shortages are particularly pressing in Spain and Portugal. Spain’s hospitality industry is 200,000 workers short and Portuguese hotels need at least 15,000 more people to meet growing demand, according to national hospitality associations.
Bazin said that while hotels are only 60 percent or 70 percent occupied they can cope with staff shortages, but the time will come when they’re fully booked.
“In the past, the industry has neither paid enough or focused on developing staff,” Bazin said, “Half of it is that we’ve been blind, we’ve been not paying attention to a lot of people and probably underpaying some people for too long as well,” he said. “So it’s a wake-up call.”
8. What problem is the European hospitality industry facing?
A. Shortage of resources. B. International travel bans.
C. Staffing challenges. D. Dissatisfactory service.
9. What’s the essential reason for the problem?
A. The travel demand is increasing. B. The job is highly demanding.
C. The hospitality industry isn’t developed. D. The staff hasn’t been fairly paid.
10. What needs to be done before someone starts working in Accor at present?
A. Explaining previous work experience. B. Sending the resume in advance.
C. Receiving a six-hour training for the job. D. Going through a competitive interview.
11. Which of the following would Bazin agree with concerning the problem?
A. Hoteliers have been turning a blind eye to the problem.
B. The problem is a reminder that hotel staff deserves attention.
C. The problem is too pressing for hoteliers to address right now.
D. The problem can be solved with the help of students and migrants.
【答案】8 C 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲的酒店业员工短缺问题及其原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由文第二段“Thousands of workers left the hospitality industry when international travel shut down during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Many chose not to return, finding better paid employment elsewhere, leaving hoteliers facing a desperate shortage.”（当国际旅行在新冠肺炎疫情期间停止时，成千上万的工人离开了酒店业。许多人选择不回来，在其他地方找到了收入更高的工作，这让酒店经营者面临着严重的短缺。）可知，欧洲的酒店业务主要面临的是职工短缺问题，故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由文第一段“Top European hotel chains are hiring workers without experience or even a resume as executives admit years of underpaying staff have come back to bite, leaving them unable to meet post-pandemic travel demand”（欧洲顶级连锁酒店正在雇佣没有经验甚至没有简历的员工，因为高管们承认，多年来薪酬过低的员工进行反击了，使他们无法满足疫情后的旅行需求）可知，问题的关键原因是员工报酬过低，故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由文第三段最后一句“The new recruits are given six hours of training and learn on the job”（新员工会接受六个小时的培训并在工作中学习）可知，该酒店的员工在开始工作前要先接受六个小时的培训，故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由文最后一段Bazin所说的话“Half of it is that we’ve been blind, we’ve been not paying attention to a lot of people and probably underpaying some people for too long as well”（一半的原因是我们之前一直是盲目的，我们一直没有关注员工，可能对一些人的报酬也过低太久了）可知，他认为应该要多多关注员工，故选B项。
D
New research found that children with positive, early interactions with their care givers - characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and a stimulating home environment -were at reduced risk of childhood obesity.
“A lot of the discussion around childhood obesity and other health risks focuses on identifying and studying the exposure to risk,” said Professor Brandi Rollins. ”We took a strength-based approach in our analysis. We found that a supportive family and environment early in a child’s life may outweigh some of the cumulative (累计的)risk factors that children can face. ”
The study recently appeared in the journal Pediatrics. In the article, Rollins analyzed data from over 1,000 mother-child pairs and found that children’s early exposures to family psychosocial assets (有价值的 事物)- including a quality home environment, emotional warmth from the mother, and a child’s ability to self-regulate - reduced the risk of developing childhood obesity.
“Research on parenting has shown that these types of family assets influence children’s behavior, academic success, career, and-not surprisingly - health,” Rollins said. “It’s inspiring to know that, by providing a loving, safe environment, we can reduce the risk that children will develop obesity.”
This work is based on research in parenting and child development. Responsive parenting, one of the family assets measured in the study, involves responding to children in a timely, sensitive, and age-appropriate manner based on the child’s presenting needs. This study focused on childhood obesity, but the researchers said that parents may improve many outcomes for their children by learning responsive-parenting skills. Knowledge of responsive-parenting skills, however, may not lead directly to implementing those skills in the home.
“No one can read a pamphlet (小册子) about cars and suddenly expect to drive,” said Rollins. “Driving is a skill that requires education and practice. The same is true of responsive parenting. Public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to help families develop psychosocial assets, including responsive parenting and a structured home environment. This could improve childhood obesity rates and other important quality-of-life outcomes,” she continued.
12. What was the focus of the new research?
A. The potential psychosocial causes of childhood obesity.
B. Contributing factors to children’s reduced risk of obesity.
C. The link between childhood obesity and other health risks.
D. The harmful impacts of obesity on kids’ psychosocial health.
13. According to the text, kids _______ are less likely to develop obesity.
A. living in a loving home environment B. leading a high quality life
C. good at expressing their emotions D. having a balanced diet
14. Why does the author mention driving in the last paragraph?
A. To show reading instructions isn’t a good way to learn driving.
B. To indicate not everyone can acquire driving skills without training.
C. To illustrate responsive-parenting skills require education and practice.
D. To stress it’s necessary to learn knowledge of responsive-parenting skills.
15. Which of the following would Professor Rollins agree with?
A. Kids’ early exposures to family psychosocial assets are hard to measure.
B. Kids’ academic success largely depends on family psychosocial assets.
C. Responsive parenting is the most important family psychosocial asset.
D. Developing psychosocial assets is a joint effort of experts and families.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新的研究发现，儿童在早期与照顾者进行积极的互动可以降低儿童肥胖的风险。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research found that children with positive, early interactions with their care givers - characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and a stimulating home environment -were at reduced risk of childhood obesity.”（新的研究发现，与照顾者有积极、早期互动的孩子——以温暖、回应和刺激的家庭环境为特征——患儿童肥胖的风险降低。）以及第二段中“We found that a supportive family and environment early in a child’s life may outweigh some of the cumulative (累计的)risk factors that children can face.”（我们发现，在孩子生命早期，一个支持性的家庭和环境可能会超过孩子可能面临的一些累积的风险因素。）可知，这项新研究的重点是降低儿童肥胖风险的因素。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the article, Rollins analyzed data from over 1,000 mother-child pairs and found that children’s early exposures to family psychosocial assets (有价值的 事物)- including a quality home environment, emotional warmth from the mother, and a child’s ability to self-regulate - reduced the risk of developing childhood obesity.”（在这篇文章中，罗林斯分析了1000多对母子的数据，发现儿童早期接触家庭社会心理资产(包括高质量的家庭环境、来自母亲的情感温暖和孩子的自我调节能力)可以降低儿童肥胖的风险。）以及第四段中“It’s inspiring to know that, by providing a loving, safe environment, we can reduce the risk that children will develop obesity.”（通过提供一个充满爱、安全的环境，我们可以降低儿童患肥胖症的风险，这一点令人鼓舞。）可推知，根据这篇文章，生活在一个充满爱的家庭环境中的孩子不太可能患肥胖症。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Driving is a skill that requires education and practice. The same is true of responsive parenting.”（驾驶是一项需要教育和实践的技能。响应式养育也是如此。）可推知，作者在最后一段提到驾驶是为了说明响应式养育技巧需要教育和实践。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to help families develop psychosocial assets, including responsive parenting and a structured home environment.”（公共卫生专业人员、临床医生和研究人员必须合作，帮助家庭发展心理社会资产，包括响应式养育和有组织家庭环境。）可推知，发展心理社会资产是专家和家庭的共同努力。故选D项。
第二节：(共5个小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. ____16____ They are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. This makes for an extremely dangerous attack. You might not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. ____17____
Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, they are worth around $10,000 on the black-market. ____18____ Many Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties.
____19____ However, perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, but over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range.
A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary (独居的) animals. ____20____ Since tigers need so much territory, it is difficult for conservationists to acquire land enough to support a large population of tigers. Even when these considerable spaces are provided, it is even more difficult to move around such large areas to prevent the illegal hunting. There is no easy way to preserve the wild tiger population without making large sacrifices.
A. The tiger is an endangered species.
B. Restoring the world’s tiger population is possible.
C. Other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny.
D. That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species.
E. Traditional Chinese medicine use tiger bones in some prescriptions.
F. This means they generally do not share with other tigers the areas they claim.
G. Humans have done considerable damage to the tiger population through hunting.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍老虎濒临灭绝及其原因。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. (好吧，如果大小和这件事有关系的话，老虎会赢。)”可推测后文是说老虎会赢的原因，选项D “那是因为老虎是所有猫科动物中体型最大的。”符合题意，并且选项中的“the largest”呼应上文的“size”，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文“You might not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. (你可能认为如此庞大、快速、凶猛的生物不需要帮助也能生存，但它们确实需要。) ”可推测下文说明老虎这么凶猛的生物也需要帮助的原因，A选项“老虎是濒临灭绝的物种。”符合题意，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, they are worth around $10,000 on the black-market. (虽然现在交易虎皮在世界上大部分地区都是非法的，但在黑市上它们的价值约为1万美元。) ”可推测下文也是讲用老虎的其他部分赚钱，C选项“老虎的其他部位也能卖个好价钱。”紧扣上文，并且选项中的“Other parts”照应下文的“various tiger parts”，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文“However, perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, but over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. (然而，也许更多的损害是由于栖息地的破坏造成的。老虎曾经广泛分布在亚洲，但在过去的100年里，老虎已经失去了93%的历史范围。) ”可知是对比上文的打猎造成的伤害，G选项“人类通过捕猎对老虎的数量造成了相当大的损害。”符合语境，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Tigers are also both territorial and solitary (独居的) animals. (老虎也是有领地意识和独居的动物。) ”和下文“Since tigers need so much territory, it is difficult for conservationists to acquire land enough to support a large population of tigers. (由于老虎需要如此多的领地，自然资源保护主义者很难获得足够的土地来养活大量的老虎。)”可推测设空处是关于老虎需要领地的话题，F选项“这意味着它们通常不会与其他老虎共享自己的领地。”承上启下，符合题意，故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Devi had never been to a swimming lesson in her life. But now that her mother had found a new job in the city, Devi faced a new ____21____—school field trips to the local pool.
The first time Devi went with her class to the pool, she had no ____22____ what she was in for. Devi ____23____ into the water and held onto the side of the pool, expecting to be able to touch the ____24____ with her feet. But when Devi ____25____ the side of the pool, she sank under the water. Devi soon ____26____ the cement ledge (水泥平台) to prevent herself drowning. Then, seized by ____27____, she just sat on a bench, too embarrassed to try again.
When she came home, her mother ____28____ right away that Devi was upset. “Honey, I made a call to the local pool, and you start lessons this weekend.” Devi felt ____29____ that lessons would help, but she had to _____30_____ her fear.
_____31_____, when the time came to take her first lesson, Devi was even more embarrassed than before. “I’m 13, and I’m taking lessons with all little kids! This is _____32_____!”
When she was standing there, her _____33_____ came over and said, “Hi, Devi! I’m Angela. You know what, I didn’t learn to swim until I was 20, and now I’m a swimming teacher!”
Angela’s words put Devi _____34_____. She couldn’t help but smile, realizing that she might never be a fearless swimmer, but she would sure have fun _____35_____.
21. A. platform B. opportunity C. challenge D. project
22. A. idea B. hope C. view D. intention
23. A. dived B. sank C. leapt D. slipped
24. A. side B. bottom C. surface D. edge
25. A. took hold of B. let go of C. got rid of D. caught sight of
26. A. grabbed B. obtained C. recalled D. fixed
27. A. puzzle B. delight C. horror D. regret
28. A. imagined B. concluded C. noticed D. wondered
29. A. content B. grateful C. curious D. doubtful
30. A. hide B. overcome C. support D. convey
31. A. Still B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Moreover
32. A. fantastic B. ridiculous C. tolerant D. accessible
33. A. parent B. friend C. partner D. instructor
34. A. at ease B. in trouble C. at risk D. in need
35. A. competing B. playing C. trying D. winning
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了德维在学校到当地游泳池的实地考察的活动中，因为不会游泳产生了恐惧心理，最后在游泳教练的帮助下，她克服对游泳的恐惧大胆尝试的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：德维面临着一个新的挑战——学校到当地游泳池的实地考察。A. platform平台；B. opportunity机会；C. challenge挑战；D. project项目。根据前文“Devi had never been to a swimming lesson in her life.”可知，德维人生中从没有上过游泳课，说明学校到当地游泳池的实地考察对她是一个挑战。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：德维第一次和她的同学一起去游泳池时，她不知道自己在做什么。A. idea想法；B. hope希望；C. view观点；D. intention打算。根据前文“The first time Devi went with her class to the pool”可知，德维第一次和她的同学一起去游泳池时，推断出她不知道做什么，have no idea为固定搭配，意为“不知道”，符合句意。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：德维滑入水中，抓住池边，希望能够用脚触底。A. dived跳水；B. sank下沉；C. leapt跳跃；D. slipped滑动。根据后文“and held onto the side of the pool”可知，德维当时是边划入水中边抓住泳池的边缘。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：德维滑入水中，抓住池边，希望能够用脚触底。A. side旁边；B. bottom底部；C. surface表面；D. edge边沿。根据后文“with her feet”可知，德维想用脚触碰泳池底部。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但当德维放开池边时，她沉入了水下。A. took hold of握住；B. let go of放开；C. got rid of处理；D. caught sight of看见。根据后文“Devi soon ____6____ the cement ledge (水泥平台) to prevent herself drowning.”可知，德维很快抓住水泥平台以防溺水，推断出她之前沉入水下是因为放开了泳池旁边造成的。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：德维很快抓住水泥平台以防溺水。A. grabbed抓住；B. obtained获得；C. recalled回忆；D. fixed安装。根据后文“the cement ledge”及常识可知，泳池里的水泥平台是游泳时用来抓握的，推断出她抓住了水泥平台以防溺水。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，被恐惧所抓住，她坐在长椅上，尴尬到不想再试一次。A. puzzle迷惑；B. delight高兴；C. horror恐惧；D. regret后悔。根据后文“but she had to ____10____ her fear.”可知，德维认为她必须要克服恐惧，说明她在第一次游泳时感到恐惧。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她回家时，她的母亲立刻注意到德维很沮丧。A. imagined想象；B. concluded得出结论；C. noticed注意到；D. wondered想知道。根据后文“that Devi was upset”可知，母亲注意到了德维的沮丧。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德维怀疑这些课程是否有帮助，但她必须克服恐惧。A. content满意的；B. grateful感激的；C. curious好奇的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据前文“Devi had never been to a swimming lesson in her life. ”可知，德维因为没有上过游泳课，推断出她怀疑游泳课是否有助于她克服恐惧。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：德维怀疑这些课程是否有帮助，但她必须克服恐惧。A. hide隐藏；B. overcome克服；C. support支持；D. convey表达。根据后文“when the time came to take her first lesson”可知，德维去上了她的第一节游泳课，说明她觉得自己需要去克服恐惧。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，当她上第一课的时候，德维比以前更尴尬了。A. Still尽管如此；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover此外。根据前文“but she had to ____10____ her fear”和后文“when the time came to take her first lesson, Devi was even more embarrassed than before.”可知，两句话之间是转折关系，应用still表示这种关系。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太可笑了！A. fantastic极好的；B. ridiculous可笑的；C. tolerant容忍的；D. accessible可接近的。根据前文“I’m 13, and I’m taking lessons with all little kids!”可知，德维觉得和小孩一起上课是一件可笑的事情。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她站在那里时，她的教练走过来说：“嗨，德维！我是安吉拉。你知道吗，我直到20岁才学会游泳，现在我是一名游泳老师！”A. parent父/母亲；B. friend朋友；C. partner伙伴；D. instructor教练。根据后文“now I’m a swimming teacher”可知，安吉拉说她自己是一名游泳教师，说明她现在是德维的教练。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：安吉拉的话让德维放松了。A. at ease放松；B. in trouble有麻烦；C. at risk有风险；D. in need有需要。根据后文“She couldn’t help but smile”可知，德维笑了说明她感到放松。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她忍不住笑了，意识到自己可能永远都不是一个无所畏惧游泳运动员，但她一定会很开心地尝试。A. competing比赛；B. playing玩耍；C. trying尝试；D. winning获胜。根据前文“she just sat on a bench, too embarrassed to try again”可知，德维第一次游泳失败了，使她不敢继续尝试，推断出教练的话让她认为她一定会很开心地尝试，try为原词复现。故选C项。
第Ⅱ卷
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第二节：(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s top legislature (立法机构) passed the Yellow River Protection Law on Sunday. Due ____36____ (come) into effect from April 1, the law explains water conservation on the river basin, ecological protection and ____37____ (restore), conservation and intensive use of water resources, flood control and pollution prevention among other measures.
The Yellow River, the second ____38____ (long) river in China, is called the mother river of the Chinese nation. Since the founding of new China, large-scale protection of the river ____39____ (carry) out and remarkable achievements made. The introduction of the Yellow River Protection Law will further enhance the river’s governance (管理) and protection.
The law ____40____ (cover) a series of key issues, such as ecological environment fragility and water shortage. This means the settlement of some of the “pain points” ____41____ have long troubled the river now has a legal basis. The law also ____42____ (specific) highlights the need to strengthen the protection, inheritance and promotion of the Yellow River culture.
The Yellow River basin is home ____43____ a lot of cultural relics, ancient documents and other important cultural heritage, and ____44____ (they) protection is a very important part of the river’s protection and governance, since it is of irreplaceable significance to promoting _____45_____ inheritance (继承) of Chinese civilization.
【答案】36. to come
37. restoration
38. longest
39. has been carried
40. covers 41. that##which
42. specifically 43. to
44. their 45. the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍中国第二部流域法律——《中华人民共和国黄河保护法》通过，并将于2023年4月1日起实行，黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展将有法可依。
【36题详解】
考查不定式。句意：该法将于4月1日起实施，对流域水资源保护、生态保护和修复、水资源保护和集约利用、防洪和污染防治等措施作出解释。形容词due“预定的，预期发生的”后跟不定式，构成due to do sth意为“预定……，设空处填动词不定式to come。故填to come。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：该法将于4月1日起实施，对流域水资源保护、生态保护和修复、水资源保护和集约利用、防洪和污染防治等措施作出解释。句子分析可知，设空处与空前的“protection”并列，在句中作动词explains的宾语，设空处应填所给词restore的名词restoration，意为“修复”。故填restoration。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：黄河是中国第二大河，被称为中华民族的母亲河。根据空前“the second”以及常识可知黄河是中国第二长河，设空处应填形容词long的最高级longest。故填longest。
【39题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：新中国成立以来，对黄河进行了大规模的保护，并取得了显著的成就。句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语“Since the founding of new China”可知此句用现在完成时，主语large-scale protection of the river 与动词短语carry out之间为被动关系，此句谓语动词用现在完成时的被动语态；large-scale protection of the river作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has been carried。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：该法涵盖了生态环境脆弱性和水资源短缺等一系列关键问题。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由下文“The law also ___7____ (specific) highlights the need to strengthen the protection, inheritance and promotion of the Yellow River culture.”以及句意可知此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，The law作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填covers。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这意味着解决长期困扰黄河的一些“痛点”现在有了法律依据。句子分析可知，“___6___ have long troubled the river”为限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，指代先行词“pain points”，指物，此定语从句用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：该法还特别强调要加强黄河文化的保护、传承和弘扬。设空处在句中修饰动词highlights，作状语，应填所给词specific的副词specifically。故填specifically。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：黄河流域拥有大量的文物、古代文献和其他重要的文化遗产，它们的保护是河流保护和治理的重要组成部分，因为它对促进中华文明的传承具有不可替代的意义。固定短语be home to“是……所在地，……的家乡”符合句意，设空处填介词to。故填to
【44题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：黄河流域拥有大量的文物、古代文献和其他重要的文化遗产，它们的保护是河流保护和治理的重要组成部分，因为它对促进中华文明的传承具有不可替代的意义。设空处作定语修饰名词protection，应填they的形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：黄河流域拥有大量的文物、古代文献和其他重要的文化遗产，它们的保护是河流保护和治理的重要组成部分，因为它对促进中华文明的传承具有不可替代的意义。由空后的“of Chinese civilization”可知设空处应填定冠词，表示特指“中华文明的传承”。故填the。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，某国际学校校书画社主席，昨天下午外教Mr. Black应邀给书画社作题为“A Short History of Western Painting”的讲座。请你给外教写一封感谢信，内容包括：
1.感谢对方作讲座；2.同学们的收获；3.希望有机会再次邀请。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Black,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Black,
First of all, I would like to thank you for your lecture entitled “A Short History of Western Painting”.
The lecture was very informative, through which the students have a deeper understanding of the history of Western painting. The students’ interest and enthusiasm for western painting have been greatly improved, and some students even make up their minds to go abroad to learn Western painting.
All the students hope that we can invite you to give us more lectures.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Mr. Black写封感谢信，感谢对方作讲座，描述同学们的收获，表示希望有机会再次邀请。
【详解】1.词汇积累
热情：enthusiasm→passion
提高：improve→enhance
首先：first of all→in the first place
决定做某事：make up one’s mind to do→be determined to do
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, I would like to thank you for your lecture entitled “A Short History of Western Painting”.
拓展句：First of all, I would like to thank you for your lecture which was entitled “A Short History of Western Painting”.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The lecture was very informative, through which the students have a deeper understanding of the history of Western painting. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] All the students hope that we can invite you to give us more lectures. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I’ve spent my adult life as a college professor teaching people how to think more creatively and use more of their brainpower. Interestingly, this lifetime passion was awakened by a casual contest when I was a child.
At a family picnic for employees of the company where my father worked, they held contests for the children — who could blow the biggest bubble-gum (泡泡糖) bubble, who could hop the longest on one leg. I was 13, full of enthusiasm and the spirit of competition, so I threw myself into the contests. The grand finale, the handkerchief-throwing contest, I realize now, was not meant to demonstrate any real skill, but simply for laughs. But it stirred my love of thinking outside the box.
The judge gave each of the dozen children a cloth handkerchief and told us the winner would be the one who threw it the farthest. The first throwers, the little ones, took mighty wind-ups (挥臂动作), but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and fluttered (飘动) to the ground a few inches in front of them. The crowd roared with laughter, and being 13, I didn’t like adults laughing at us.
So it made me angry to see the kids throwing harder when the handkerchief always opened, caught the air and died. The secret was not to throw harder but to keep the cloth from opening. Suppose I hid a rock in the cloth without tying it. The rock would drive the cloth at least farther than the others, and when they separated, people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass. I had a good chance of getting away with it, but I didn’t want to win by cheating. What I really wanted to do was to show them that a kid could beat them at their own game. I had to make the handkerchief fly like a rock. Like a rock! That was it! But the question was how.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: I was thinking really hard when suddenly a good idea struck me.
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Paragraph 2: “It’s just the handkerchief,” the judge declared, holding it up and untying the knots (结).
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【答案】 I was thinking really hard when suddenly a good idea struck me. I secretly tied knot after knot until it was the size of a little rock. When it was my turn, there were a dozen cloth handkerchiefs littering the ground. I took a long wind-up, and the balled handkerchief rocketed off into the trees approximately 60 feet away. The emcee stared at me, with narrowed eyes, shocked, and then ran to locate the balled handkerchief. Before the emcee found my handkerchief, a man said, “He must have cheated.”
“It’s just the handkerchief,” the judge declared, holding it up and untying the knots (结). “We didn’t say he couldn’t tie it.” The adults burst into applause and I felt proud and thrilled. But it was more than that. What I learned from this contest was the secret to creative thinking. If you want to maximize your brainpower, you can’t accept rules at face value. You should think deeply about the rules, use your imagination as much as possible, and be creative to do what the rules require, so that you can break the rules and be innovative.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者作为一名大学教授，教导人们如何更有创造性地思考，如何更多地利用他们的脑力，作者一生的这种激情是在小时候的一次偶然的比赛中被唤醒的，作者回忆了那次比赛，那是一个扔手帕的比赛，谁扔得最远谁就赢，孩子们用力扔的时候手帕总是打开，秘诀不在于用力扔，而在于不让布张开，作者原本想在手帕里藏个石头，但是他不想作弊，他得让手帕像石头一样飞起来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我正在苦苦思索，突然想到一个好主意。”可知，第一段可描写作者的好主意是什么以及所取得的结果。
②由第二段首句内容“‘这只是手帕，’法官说着举起手帕，解开了上面的结。”可知，第二段可描写作者的收获。
2.续写线索：打结——手帕飞得很远——主持人盯着作者——有人怀疑作者作弊——主持人解释只有手帕而已——观众鼓掌——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①打结：tie knot after knot/kink knot after knot
②高速飞走：rocket off/fly away swiftly
③盯着：stare at/gaze at
情绪类
①震惊的：shocked/astonished
②兴奋的：thrilled/excited
【点睛】[高分句型1] When it was my turn, there were a dozen cloth handkerchiefs littering the ground. (由when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] What I learned from this contest was the secret to creative thinking. (由what引导的主语从句)