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福建省莆田市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份福建省莆田市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共23页。
莆田市 2022-2023 学年下学期期末质量监测
高二英语
考试时间：120分钟，试卷满分：150分
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
注意事项：
1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成, 答在本试卷上无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分 30 分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话, 每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What was the man expected to do last night?
A. Ring up the woman.
B. Watch a football game.
C. Get a cup of chocolate.
2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a cinema. B. On a plane. C. On a train.
3.What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Drink iced coffee. B. Wash the car. C. Take a rest.
4. What is the boy going to do next?
A. Read a book. B. Eat dinner. C. Turn off the lamp.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Co-workers. B. Family members. C. Teacher and student.
第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How will the boy go to his grandmother’s house?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot.
7 What will the boy’s teachers do on Friday?
A. Take one day off. B. Go on a trip. C. Attend a meeting.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Who is the woman?
A. A visitor. B. A tour guide. C. A museum worker.
9. What does the woman agree to do for the man?
A. Treat him to a drink. B. Introduce the statues.C.Take pictures.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. Where are the speakers now?
A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home.
11. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Check an agreement.
B Help her with cooking.
C. Have some Brazilian food.
12. How much did the man pay for the buffet?
A. $50. B. $100. C. $150.
13. What will the man do next?
A. Eat out.
B. Talk to Garry.
C. Continue his report.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is probably the man?
A. A hotel clerk. B. A ticket seller. C. A travel agent.
15. How may the woman travel in Thailand?
A. By bus. B. By train. C. By plane.
16. What will be the first stop of the woman’s trip?
A. Bangkok. B. Chiang Mai. C. Pattaya.
17. What will the woman do next?
A. Book hotels.
B. Telephone the man.
C. Discuss with her family.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the speaker?
A. A teacher. B. A volunteer. C. A club owner.
19. What is the list about?
A. Different clubs. B. New subjects. C. Volunteer programs.
20. What do we know about Mr. Harper?
A. He is a PE teacher.
B. He will move to Australia.
C. He plans to form an after-school club.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节 (共 11小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 27.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As a long-time resident of Beijing, I had always wanted to travel around and see more of China. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, I never found the right opportunity to go traveling. But, in May 2021, I finally found my big chance.
During the week-long Labor Day holiday, there happened to be few restrictions (限制) on travel, so I took this as my chance to go to Shanghai. What made this trip special was that not only was it my first time traveling by rail, but high-speed rail. Many Americans are unused to taking public transportation, instead mainly relying on cars to get around.
For me, riding to Shanghai by train was especially fascinating since I could get a good look through the spacious windows at the different kinds of beautiful scenery and towns as they rushed past me. In particular, I have always been a fan of the uniquely-shaped mountains of China, enjoying their elegant rolling lines as they make up the peaceful beauty. Another benefit of riding on trains was the spacious legroom which allowed me to relax more easily during my trip.
After arriving in Shanghai, I could not help but wonder why the US could not build a similarly useful and convenient railway system. Considering how cities are so spread out in the US, it is almost a no-brainer to see how the US would benefit from this kind of public investment. This could lead to less reliance on car ownership and have a positive impact on both the economy and environment.
1. How did the author usually travel in America?
A. By bike. B. By car. C. By plane. D. By train.
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Why the author loves the mountains in China.
B. Why the author chose the seat by the window.
C. What the author thinks is important when traveling.
D. What the author likes most about traveling by train.
3. What if the US builds a high-speed railway system?
A. It would be convenient, but expensive.
B. It would be beneficial in many aspects.
C. It’s unnecessary given its geography.
D. It is an unprofitable investment.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个美国人去上海的高铁之旅。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Many Americans are unused to taking public transportation, instead mainly using cars to get around. (许多美国人不习惯乘坐公共交通工具，而是主要使用汽车出行。)”可知，作者主要是通过开车旅行的。故选B。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“For me, riding to Shanghai by train was especially fascinating since I could get a good look through the spacious windows at the different kinds of beautiful scenery and towns as they rushed past me. In particular, I have always been a fan of the uniquely-shaped mountains of China, enjoying their elegant rolling lines as they make up the peaceful beauty. Another benefit of riding on trains was the spacious legroom which allowed me to relax more easily during my trip.(对我来说，乘火车去上海是特别迷人，因为我可以通过宽敞的窗户看到各种美丽的风景和城镇，因为他们从我身边匆匆而过。我特别喜欢中国的山川，我欣赏着山川起伏的线条，它们构成了一种宁静的美。乘坐火车的另一个好处是宽敞的腿部空间，这让我在旅行中更容易放松。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了乘火车旅行作者最喜欢的是什么。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Considering how cities are so spread out in the US, it is almost a no-brainer to see how the US would benefit from this kind of public investment. This could lead to less reliance on car ownership and have a positive impact on both the economy and environment.(考虑到美国的城市如此分散，美国将如何从这种公共投资中受益几乎是不言而喻的。这可能会减少对汽车所有权的依赖，对经济和环境都有积极的影响。)”可知，如果美国建立高铁系统，那么在很多方面都是有益的。故选B。
B
Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple (主食), could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. The banana-like crop has the potential to feed more than 100 million people in a warming world, according to a new study.
Enset or “false banana”, almost unknown outside of Ethiopia, is a close relative of the banana, but is consumed only in one part of this country. The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems (茎) and roots can be used to make porridge and bread. Research suggests the crop can be grown over a much larger range in Africa. “This is a crop that can play a really important role in addressing food security and sustainable development,” said a university professor in Awasa, Ethiopia.
Using agricultural surveys and modelling work, scientists predicted the potential range of enset over the next four decades. They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.
Study researcher Dr James Borrell, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, said planting enset, as an alternative for lean times, could help boost food security. “It’s got some really unusual features that make it absolutely unique as a crop,” he said. “You plant it at any time, you harvest it at any time. That’s why they call it the tree against hunger.”
There is growing interest in seeking new plants to feed the world, given our reliance on a few staple crops. Nearly half of all the calories we eat come from three species — rice, wheat, and maize. “We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a species because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,” said Dr Borrell.
4. What does the underlined word “inedible” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Not secure enough. B. Not diverse enough.
C. Not fit to be planted. D. Not suitable to be eaten.
5. What do we know about Ethiopia’s enset from the text?
A. It is a special species of banana.
B. It can help with solving food shortage.
C. It has fed more than 100 million people.
D. It can be grown at anytime and anywhere.
6. What is Dr Borrell’s attitude towards seeking new staple plants?
A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Approving. D. Doubtful.
7. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To provide a solution to food problems.
B. To advertise a unique banana-like staple.
C. To recommend a magic crop against hunger.
D. To introduce a wonder crop for climate change.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了埃塞俄比亚的的一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset，该作物的茎和根富含淀粉，有可能养活超过1亿人。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and roots can be fermented and used to make porridge and bread. (这种植物的香蕉状果实是inedible，但富含淀粉的茎和根可以发酵并用来制作粥和面包。)”可知，这种植物的茎和根部可被食用，连接词but表示转折关系，推测划线单词表示“不宜食用的”，即not suitable to be eaten。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. (他们发现，这种作物有可能养活一亿多人，并提高埃塞俄比亚和其他包括肯尼亚、乌干达和卢旺达在内的非洲国家的粮食保障。)”可知，enset可以提高非洲国家的粮食保障，在解决粮食短缺方面发挥重要作用。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a species because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,’ said Dr Borrell. (博雷尔博士说：‘我们作为一个物种，需要在全球范围内让植物更多样化，因为目前我们所有的鸡蛋都放在一个非常小的篮子里。’)”可知，博雷尔博士认为需要使我们使用的植物多样化，所以对于寻找新的主食植物持有支持态度。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple, could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. (科学家说，埃塞俄比亚的主要作物enset或将成为一种新的‘超级食物’，一种可以应对气候变化的救星。)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset。故选D项。
C
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, indicating the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be solved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature has beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
8. What does the hen-and-egg problem refer to?
A. A problem hard to clarify.
B. A problem easy to deal with.
C. A problem common to be seen .
D. A problem unnecessary to solve.
9. How did researchers collect evidence for the study?
A. By quoting authoritative experts.
B. By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C. By researching on a previous theory.
D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
10. What contribution did Simone’s team mainly make?
A. Confirming nature’s benefits to brain health.
B. Supporting a commonview of urban exposure.
C. Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D. Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
11. What may the follow-up research focus on ?
A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B. An appeal for living in urban regions.
C. Nature’s positive effects on different groups.
D. Relationship between nature and brain health.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于自然对人大脑产生的影响的研究结果。研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益。研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，探究自然环境对母亲和婴儿的压力的影响方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, indicating the potential benefits of nature. ‘But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be solved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,’ says Sonja Sudimac. (众所周知，生活在城市是患精神疾病的一个危险因素，而生活在大自然附近对精神健康和大脑有很大好处。与生活在城市的人相比，生活在农村地区的人在面临压力时，大脑中央区域杏仁核的活跃程度较低，这表明自然的潜在好处。Sonja Sudimac说：“但到目前为止，这个‘先有鸡还是先有蛋’的问题还无法解决，也就是说，究竟是大自然真的造成了大脑的影响，还是特定的个体选择住在农村还是城市地区”。)”可知，“先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature has beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress. (为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在格吕内瓦尔德森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后，检查了与压力处理有关的大脑区域的活动。结果显示，在大自然中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少了，这表明大自然对大脑中与压力有关的区域有有益的影响。)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. (研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正向关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究。)”可知，Simone及其团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies. (为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时如何影响母亲和婴儿的压力)”可知，后续研究的重点为“调查自然环境对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响”，故选C项。
第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Listen Actively
In the course of the last 20 years, I was a taker. Everything was all about me. But that has changed for me. I consistently look for ways to help others — personally and professionally.
I now focus on what the other person needs before my own needs as a way to build stronger relationships. ____12____
What is active listening? Active listening is an analytical exercise. ____13____ To make active listening more effective, you can also add complementary (互补的) skill sets. Mirroring what people have just said in your own words helps them feel heard and helps ensure your understanding is accurate. That is why active listening, not listening while doing, is essential for building better relationships with your team.
____14____ Learning to become an active listener requires you to slow down, have patience, and learn to ignore distractions (especially emails and texts). Techniques like reflective listening can help. If you are regularly repeating what has been said, you won’t miss any part of the conversation. ____15____ This helps build trust, making the speakers like you more and therefore more likely work on what you both agree on.
What will active listening do for you and your career? Active listening isn’t just about managing a team member or a conflict. Do leaders respond to the concerns and issues they hear from the staff? Do you have the skill set to actively listen and address them? ____16____ If you do it, you might just find your team or your organization is more adaptive than most ones.
A. I am able to do that when I stop talking and start listening.
B. You also show that the speaker has your full attention.
C. These are the questions employees are asking.
D. What should you do to benefit your speaker?
E. How do you become a better active listener?
F. It requires concentration on what is said.
G. Why do you want to be a listener?
【答案】12. A 13. F 14. E 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何成为积极倾听者，以及积极倾听带来的好处。
【12题详解】
上文“I now focus on what the other person needs before my own needs as a way to build stronger relationships. (我现在把别人的需求放在自己的需求之前，以此来建立更牢固的关系。)”说明作者现在更关注对方的需求，而不是自己的；下文“What is active listening? Active listening is an analytical exercise. (什么是积极倾听？积极倾听是一种分析练习。)”说明作者通过倾听来关注对方的需求。A项“I am able to do that when I stop talking and start listening.(当我停止说话，开始倾听时，我就能做到这一点。)”阐述如何关注对方的需求，也自然引出下文的“active listening”，符合语境；选项中的“that”指代前文“focus on what the other person needs before my own needs”。故选A项。
【13题详解】
根据上文“Active listening is an analytical exercise. (积极倾听是一种分析练习)”以及下文“To make active listening more effective, you can also add complementary (互补的) skill sets. Mirroring what people have just said in your own words helps them feel heard and helps ensure your understanding is accurate.(为了使积极倾听更有效，你还可以添加互补的技能组合。用你自己的话模仿别人刚才说的话可以帮助他们感到被倾听，并有助于确保你的理解是准确的。)”可知，积极倾听是可以训练出来的，积极倾听要专注于对方所说的话。F项“It requires concentration on what is said. (它需要专注于所说的话。)”是对前一句的具体解释，说明积极倾听需要专注于对方所说的话，选项中的“It”指代上文“Active listening”；下文详细阐述如何专注于对方所说的话；由此可知，F选项符合语境。故选F项。
【14题详解】
文章结构分析可知，设空处是本段主题句；下文“Learning to become an active listener requires you to slow down, have patience, and learn to ignore distractions (especially emails and texts).(学习成为一个积极的倾听者需要你慢下来，有耐心，学会忽略干扰（特别是电子邮件和短信）)。”阐述了成为一名积极倾听者需要的具体做法，回答了E选项“How do you become a better active listener?(如何成为一个更好的积极倾听者？)”所提出的问题；由此可知，E选项作为主题句引出后文，符合语境。故选E项。
【15题详解】
上文“If you are regularly repeating what has been said, you won’t miss any part of the conversation.(如果你经常重复别人说过的话，你就不会错过谈话的任何部分。) ”说明了重复对方的话带来的好处；B项“You also show that the speaker has your full attention.(你也要表现出你对说话者有充分的注意力。) ”进一步阐述重复对方的话带来的另一个好处，B项中“also”符合两句之间的并列关系 ；且下文“This helps build trust, making the speakers like you more and therefore more likely work on what you both agree on.(这有助于建立信任，使说话的人更喜欢你，因此更有可能在你们都同意的问题上达成一致。) ”阐述充分关注对方所带来的的益处，下文中“This”指B选项的内容“You also show that the speaker has your full attention.”。故选B项。
【16题详解】
上文“Do leaders respond to the concerns and issues they hear from the staff? Do you have the skill set to actively listen and address them?(领导是否对他们从员工那里听到的担忧和问题作出回应？你是否具备积极倾听和解决问题的技能？)”阐述了员工们会问到的一些问题；C选项“These are the questions employees are asking.(这些是员工们问的问题。)”指出前面两个问题是员工问的问题，符合语境，“These”指代上文提到的问题；下文“If you do it, you might just find your team or your organization is more adaptive than most ones.(如果你是，你可能会发现你的团队或组织比大多数团队更具有适应性。)”说明，如果作为老板，能对员工的问题和担忧做出回应并且具备积极倾听和解决问题的技能，那么你的团队就会更优秀，对前文中的问题进行了假设性的回答，因此C项承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分 英语知识运用 (共三节, 满分 45分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1分, 满分 15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was in Australia. By mid-afternoon on Thursday, Adrian Main was working outside in the ___17___. Over the years, he had ___18___many animals while digging around in soil, but he knew how to ___19___the dangerous ones.
Now his shovel(铲子) was in his car, parked 50 meters away. He considered getting it, but the job was ___20___. So he used his hands instead. Just as his fingers slid under the pile of ___21___, he felt a ___22___ pain in his left hand. Adrian quickly ___23___ out his hand, seeing a spider biting his finger.
Adrian knew immediately that the spider was a Sydney funnel-web(漏斗型蜘蛛), the ___24___ in Australia. He___25___his hand up and down to throw off the spider and after three or four seconds, it finally let go and dropped to fallen leaves again.
He____26____to his coworker, Phil, who was working close by. Phil____27____his shovel and ran over. The pair calmly walked to the car while Adrian pressed down on his finger to ____28____ the spread of venom(毒液) into his bloodstream. They both knew a bite like this, if left untreated, could____29____death within an hour.
____30____, the forests where they had been working was not very far from the hospital. Adrian walked into the emergency department with____31____still streaming down his finger. He calmly told the nurse that he’d been bitten by a Sydney funnel-web, and was quickly brought to a bed. He finally was saved.
17. A. woods B. zoo C. yard D. park
18. A. saved B. hurt C. killed D. encountered
19. A. struggle with B. come across C. tell apart D. look after
20. A. dangerous B. small C. steady D. demanding
21. A. branches B. leaves C. soil D. waste
22. A. slight B. bearable C. sharp D. lasting
23. A. pulled B. put C. reached D. checked
24. A. mildest B. wildest C. strongest D. deadliest
25. A. kept B. waved C. checked D. pushed
26. A. shouted B. showed C. jumped D. whispered
27. A. dropped B. took C. folded D. packed
28. A. clear B. forbid C. ignore D. slow
29. A. add to B. turn to C. lead to D. adjust to
30. A. Gradually B. Fortunately C. Therefore D. Actually
31. A. poison B. sweat C. blood D. liquid
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Adrian Main在森林工作的时候被漏斗网蜘蛛咬伤，在同事菲尔的帮助下及时得到救治的故事。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：周四下午三点左右，阿德里安·梅因（Adrian Main）在森林里工作。A. woods森林；B. zoo动物园；C. yard院子；D. park公园。根据“___14___, the forests where they had been working was not very far from the hospital”可知，阿德里安·梅因在森林里工作，空处和“forests”对应。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，他在挖掘土壤时遇到过许多动物，但他知道如何区分危险的动物。A. saved节省，拯救；B. hurt使受伤；C. killed杀死；D. encountered遇到。根据上文和“digging around in soil”可知，Adrian在森林里工作，所以在工作过程中会遇到过许多动物。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. struggle with与……斗争；B. come across偶然遇到；C. tell apart区分，分辨；D. look after照顾。上文说Adrian在森林中遇到过许多动物，结合句中转折连词“but”和“the dangerous ones”可推知，虽然会遇到过许多动物，但他能识别哪些是危险的，不会受到伤害。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他考虑过去拿铲子，但任务小，很简单。A. dangerous危险的；B. small小的；C. steady稳定的；D. demanding要求高的。根据下文“So he used his hands instead.”可推知，Adrian最终决定不用铲子而直接用手，说明任务小，很简单，不需要工具。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在他的手指滑到那堆树叶下面时，他感到左手一阵剧痛。A. branches树枝；B. leaves树叶；C. soil土壤；D. waste废物。根据下文“He___9__his hand up and down to throw off the spider and after three or four seconds, it finally let go and dropped to fallen leaves again.”可知，他把手指伸到了树叶下面，此处是信息词leaves的词汇复现。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. slight轻微的；B. bearable可忍受的；C. sharp剧烈的，强烈的；D. lasting持续的。根据下文“Adrian quickly ___7___ out his hand, seeing a spider biting his finger.”可知，剧烈的疼痛让Adrian迅速把手抽了出来。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Adrian看到一只蜘蛛在咬他的手指，赶紧把手抽出来。A. pulled拉，拽；B. put放置；C. reached到达；D. checked检查。根据上文“Just as his fingers slid under the pile of ___5___”可知，他把手伸到了树叶下面，所以现在是把手抽出来。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Adrian立刻知道这是悉尼漏斗网蜘蛛，是澳大利亚最致命的蜘蛛。A. mildest最温和的；B. wildest最狂野的；C. strongest最强壮的；D. deadliest最致命的。根据下文“They both knew a bite like this, if left untreated, could___13___death within an hour.”可知，漏斗网蜘蛛是最致命的，如果不及时治疗，可能会在一小时内死亡。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他上下挥挥手，想把蜘蛛甩开，过了三四秒钟，蜘蛛终于松开了，又掉到了落叶上。A. kept保持；B. waved挥舞；C. checked检查；D. pushed推。根据句中“up and down to throw off the spider”可知，他想挥舞手来甩掉蜘蛛。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他朝在附近工作的同事Phil大喊。A. shouted喊叫；B. showed显示；C. jumped跳跃；D. whispered低语。根据句中“Phil, who was working close by”可知，Adrian大喊向附近的同事求助。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析句意：Phil扔下铲子跑了过来。A. dropped丢弃；B. took带走；C. folded折叠；D. packed打包。结合常识和句中“his shovel”可知，知道同事遇险，所以Phil扔下铲子就跑了过来。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人平静地走向汽车，Adrian用手按住手指，以减缓毒液进入血液的速度。A. clear清除；B. forbid禁止；C. ignore忽视；D. slow减缓。结合常识和句中“Adrian pressed down on his finger”与“the spread of venom (毒液) into his bloodstream”可推知，按住被咬的手指可以减缓毒液在血液中流动的速度。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们都知道这样的伤口，如果不及时治疗，可能会在一小时内死亡。A. add to增加；B. turn to转向；C. lead to导致；D. adjust to适应。根据句中“if left untreated”可知，被澳大利亚最致命的蜘蛛咬伤，如果不及时治疗，会导致死亡。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他们工作的森林离医院不远。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Therefore因此；D. Actually事实上。根据下文“the forests where they had been working was not very far from the hospital”可知，他们离医院不远，这是幸运的事情。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Adrian走进急诊室时，血还在顺着手指往下流。A. poison毒药；B. sweat汗水；C. blood血液；D. liquid液体。根据句中“streaming down his finger”可知，是血液从伤口中流出来。故选C。
第 II 卷
注意事项：
用 0.5 毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题，每小题 1.5分，满分 15分)
语法填空
It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art. Perhaps the best way____32____ (understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose ____33____ Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested inpainting realistic____34____ (scene). This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone, ____35____paintings showed real people in a real environment. Next came the Renaissance, when old ideas and values____36____ (replace) gradually by new ones from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life, ____37____ (use) perspective and oil paints. The emphasis____38____ (increasing) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. After the invention ofphotography, paintings were no longer needed to preserve____39____people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from____40____painting by Claude Monet called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene. After impressionism, Picasso, one of the painters of Modern Art, used Cubism, a new way, to analyse the shapes which _____41_____ (exist) in the natural world. What modern artists attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?”
【答案】32. to understand
33. of 34. scenes
35. whose 36. were replaced
37. using 38. increasingly
39 what 40. the
41. existed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方艺术绘画几个世纪以来的发展。
【32题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：也许了解西方艺术的最好方法是看看西方绘画几个世纪以来的发展。此处修饰名词way应用不定式作后置定语，短语the best way to do sth.“做某事最好的方式”。故填to understand。
【33题详解】
考查介词。句意：在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。表示“……的目的”短语为the purpose of。故填of。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：因此，艺术家们对绘制现实场景不感兴趣。空处需填名词作宾语，scene是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填scenes。
【35题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种情况在13世纪的乔托·迪·邦多内开始改变，他的画作展示了真实环境中的真实人物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Giotto di Bondone，在从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：接下来是文艺复兴时期，这个时候旧的思想和价值观逐渐被中世纪的新思想和价值观所取代。when引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，根据“came”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语old ideas and values和replace为被动关系，需用被动语态，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were replaced。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：画家们对生活采取了更加人性化的态度，运用透视法和油画。分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Painters构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填using。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：重点越来越多地从宗教主题转移到人们和我们周围的世界。修饰动词shift应用副词increasingly，作状语。故填increasingly。
【39题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在摄影术发明之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的样子。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈的画作《日出印象》。名词painting此处特指克劳德·莫奈的《日出印象》这幅画，应用定冠词。故填the。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：继印象派之后，现代艺术画家之一的毕加索采用了立体主义这一新的方法来分析自然界中存在的形状。which引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，此处陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时。故填existed。
第三节 根据课文内容完成句子(共 10小题;每题 1分，满分 10分)
42. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
Perhaps no other scientist _________ China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
【答案】has had a greater impact on
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“对……有更大影响”应用have a greater impact on，此处使用现在完成时，表示“从过去开始持续到现在”，主语为 no other scientist，助动词用单数has。故填has had a greater impact on。
43. 学费和生活开销比国内贵多了，多数家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。
Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could _________ most families an arm and a leg.
【答案】end up costing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处为“最终会花费”，“最终做某事”表达为动词短语end up doing，动名词作宾语；此处考查动词短语cost sb an arm and a leg，意为“花了某人一大笔钱”，空前为情态动词could，后接动词原形，故填end up costing。
44. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
Cooperating with people from _________ helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
【答案】diverse cultural backgrounds
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和名词。表示“不同的”应用形容词diverse，作定语；表示“文化的”应用cultural，作定语；表示“背景”应用名词background，此处使用名词复数形式。故填diverse cultural backgrounds。
45. 例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。
For example, some of them may ________ tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
【答案】become involved in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“沉溺于”应用动词短语become involved in，位于情态动词may后面，使用动词原形。故填become involved in。
46. 有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are _________.”
【答案】what we repeatedly do
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。此处为谚语，使用一般现在时，表示“重复地”应用repeatedly；表示“做”应用do；表示“重复的行为造就了我们”应用We are what we repeatedly do，其中what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。故填what we repeatedly do。
47. 这只是该展览供您参观的一小部分.
This is just a small taste of what is _________ you in this exhibition.
【答案】in store for
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“就要落到……，即将发生”应用介词短语in store for。故填in store for。
48. 我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢？我们都属于人类大家庭，我们都有责任心，关心彼此的幸福。
How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all _________
to look after one another’s welfare.
【答案】have a responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、时态。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处为“有责任心”，此处考查动词短语have a responsibility to do sth（有责任做某事），其中不定式作后置定语；and前的简单句为一般现在时，and后的简单句也用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词用动词原形。故填have a responsibility。
49. 她们站在远处眺望，看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。
Standing in the distance, they _________ misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.
【答案】were astonished to see
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“对……感到惊讶”应用be astonished to，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为they，be动词用were；表示“看到”应用see，位于动词不定式后面，使用动词原形。故填were astonished to see。
50. 又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began _________ the best food we had ever eaten.
【答案】filling our table with
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“在我们桌上摆满了”应用fill our table with，begin doing sth.为固定用法，意为“开始做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填filling our table with。
51. 无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。
This is true _________ how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
【答案】regardless of##no matter
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和复合连词。根据句意，“无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康”是让步状语，可用regardless of构成介词短语作让步状语，其后接宾语从句how healthy the rest of their diet might be；也可用复合连词no matter how引导让步状语从句。故填regardless of/no matter。
第四部分 书面表达(共两节, 满分 40分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
52. 最近，你校英语俱乐部计划举办分享会，主题是分享你印象最深刻的一次学习技能的经历。内容包括：
1. 一项学会的技能；
2. 学习的过程；
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear boys and girls,
When it comes to my most memorable skill learning experience, I want to share my journey of learning to play the guitar.
I started with online tutorials and books, learned chords and strumming techniques, and practiced regularly. It was challenging but rewarding, teaching me patience and dedication. Later, I joined a guitar class for professional guidance. It enhanced my musical abilities, taught me discipline, and provided a creative outlet. Learning the guitar impressed on me the importance of goals, consistency, and never giving up. I’m grateful for this unforgettable experience.
That’s all. Thanks for your attention.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在学校英语俱乐部计划举办分享会上分享自己印象最深刻的一次学习技能的经历，内容包括所学会的技能，学习的过程，以及自己的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
从……开始：start with → begin with
定期地：regularly → on a regular basis
提高，改善：enhance → improve
重要性：importance → significance
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Later, I joined a guitar class for professional guidance. It enhanced my musical abilities, taught me discipline, and provided a creative outlet.
拓展句：Later, I joined a guitar class for professional guidance, which enhanced my musical abilities, taught me discipline, and provided a creative outlet.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it comes to my most memorable skill learning experience, I want to share my journey of learning to play the guitar.（运用了固定句式When it comes to）
【高分句型2】Learning the guitar impressed on me the importance of goals, consistency, and never giving up.（运用了动名词作主语）
第二节 读后续写(满分 25分)
53. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was four weeks before New Year, and our youth group wanted to do something together as a New Year project for our community. The concept was great, but none of us seventeen-year-olds had any idea what to do.
“Maybe we could have a food drive to help the homeless,” John suggested at our Sunday night meeting. “But we have done that many times”, answered Brian with a frown.
Ten minutes passed without any proposal good enough to win our hearts. Finally I decided to speak. “Why don’t we think about our project for a few days and then come back with three or four suggestions we can vote on?” Everyone agreed to wait a week before deciding.
I knew time was running out to get something going before New Year, but I had no clue what we should do. During the following week, one idea after another ran through my mind, but I was still indecisive.
Thursday after school, I wandered into the kitchen as my dad prepared for dinner. Sensing my uneasiness, he asked what troubled me without even looking up. “Well... it...” I let out a long breath. “Our youth group wants to do something for New Year, but we don’t know what to do...”
“Hmm.” My dad thought out loud. “There’s a seniors’ home I’ve worked with close to St. Joseph’s Hospital. The residents don’t get out much around New Year with the snow and ice. It might be an idea to take them out to see the New Year lights around here.”
I stood still for a few moments thinking of all the spectacular（绚丽的）New Year light displays in our neighborhood. To be honest, I never thought about that, but it might just work.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为130左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Next Sunday evening, our youth group met.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On New Year’s Day, the bus we rented arrived at the seniors’ home in the snow.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Next Sunday evening, our youth group met. My fellows put forward several suggestions and I also contributed Dad’s idea for discussion. To my pleasant surprise, the New Year lights tour won their hearts. We called the seniors’ home and they were thrilled about our proposal. The following weeks, we were busy lining up everything for the tour, including the bus to drive the seniors along the planned route.
On New Year’s Day, the bus we rented arrived at the seniors’ home in the snow. Despite the cold, the snow added a magical white blanket to the neighborhood. All residents slowly found seats on the bus and the tour began. The spectacular light displays lit up their faces and I even saw some eyes filling up. Returning to the seniors’ home, they couldn’t stop talking about all they’d seen and thanked us again and again. Looking at their excited and grateful faces, we’d never felt warmer.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者跟朋友们打算做有意义的事情来过新年，正在作者毫无头绪时，父亲建议他们带养老院的老人们去街上看灯饰，最后，作者跟朋友们精心准备，带养老院的老人们去街上看灯饰，老人们很开心，非常感谢他们的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下个星期天的晚上，我们一群年轻人碰面。”可知，第一段可描写作者跟朋友们商量在新年那天做什么有意义的事情，作者提出父亲给的建议，大家赞同，精心准备。
②由第二段首句内容“在新年那天，我们租的公交车在雪天到达了养老院。”可知，第二段可描写作者和朋友们到养老院，带着老人们去街上看灯饰，老人们很开心，非常感谢他们。
2.续写线索：提议父亲的建议——朋友赞同——准备——达到养老院接老人——陪老人们看夜景，灯饰——老人们感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①提出：put forward/come up with
②忙于做某事：be busy (in) doing sth./be occupied (in) doing sth.
③忍不住：couldn’t stop/couldn’t resist
情绪类
①激动：thrilled/excited
②感谢：grateful /thankful/appreciative
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Returning to the seniors’ home, they couldn’t stop talking about all they’d seen and thanked us again and again. (运用了现在分词作状语和省略关系代词引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]. Looking at their excited and grateful faces, we’d never felt warmer. (运用了现在分词作状语)
莆田市 2022-2023 学年下学期期末质量监测
高二英语
考试时间：120分钟，试卷满分：150分
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
注意事项：
1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成, 答在本试卷上无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分 30 分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话, 每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What was the man expected to do last night?
A. Ring up the woman.
B. Watch a football game.
C. Get a cup of chocolate.
2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a cinema. B. On a plane. C. On a train.
3.What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Drink iced coffee. B. Wash the car. C. Take a rest.
4. What is the boy going to do next?
A. Read a book. B. Eat dinner. C. Turn off the lamp.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Co-workers. B. Family members. C. Teacher and student.
第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How will the boy go to his grandmother’s house?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot.
7 What will the boy’s teachers do on Friday?
A. Take one day off. B. Go on a trip. C. Attend a meeting.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Who is the woman?
A. A visitor. B. A tour guide. C. A museum worker.
9. What does the woman agree to do for the man?
A. Treat him to a drink. B. Introduce the statues.C.Take pictures.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. Where are the speakers now?
A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home.
11. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Check an agreement.
B Help her with cooking.
C. Have some Brazilian food.
12. How much did the man pay for the buffet?
A. $50. B. $100. C. $150.
13. What will the man do next?
A. Eat out.
B. Talk to Garry.
C. Continue his report.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is probably the man?
A. A hotel clerk. B. A ticket seller. C. A travel agent.
15. How may the woman travel in Thailand?
A. By bus. B. By train. C. By plane.
16. What will be the first stop of the woman’s trip?
A. Bangkok. B. Chiang Mai. C. Pattaya.
17. What will the woman do next?
A. Book hotels.
B. Telephone the man.
C. Discuss with her family.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the speaker?
A. A teacher. B. A volunteer. C. A club owner.
19. What is the list about?
A. Different clubs. B. New subjects. C. Volunteer programs.
20. What do we know about Mr. Harper?
A. He is a PE teacher.
B. He will move to Australia.
C. He plans to form an after-school club.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节 (共 11小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 27.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As a long-time resident of Beijing, I had always wanted to travel around and see more of China. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, I never found the right opportunity to go traveling. But, in May 2021, I finally found my big chance.
During the week-long Labor Day holiday, there happened to be few restrictions (限制) on travel, so I took this as my chance to go to Shanghai. What made this trip special was that not only was it my first time traveling by rail, but high-speed rail. Many Americans are unused to taking public transportation, instead mainly relying on cars to get around.
For me, riding to Shanghai by train was especially fascinating since I could get a good look through the spacious windows at the different kinds of beautiful scenery and towns as they rushed past me. In particular, I have always been a fan of the uniquely-shaped mountains of China, enjoying their elegant rolling lines as they make up the peaceful beauty. Another benefit of riding on trains was the spacious legroom which allowed me to relax more easily during my trip.
After arriving in Shanghai, I could not help but wonder why the US could not build a similarly useful and convenient railway system. Considering how cities are so spread out in the US, it is almost a no-brainer to see how the US would benefit from this kind of public investment. This could lead to less reliance on car ownership and have a positive impact on both the economy and environment.
1. How did the author usually travel in America?
A. By bike. B. By car. C. By plane. D. By train.
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Why the author loves the mountains in China.
B. Why the author chose the seat by the window.
C. What the author thinks is important when traveling.
D. What the author likes most about traveling by train.
3. What if the US builds a high-speed railway system?
A. It would be convenient, but expensive.
B. It would be beneficial in many aspects.
C. It’s unnecessary given its geography.
D. It is an unprofitable investment.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个美国人去上海的高铁之旅。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Many Americans are unused to taking public transportation, instead mainly using cars to get around. (许多美国人不习惯乘坐公共交通工具，而是主要使用汽车出行。)”可知，作者主要是通过开车旅行的。故选B。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“For me, riding to Shanghai by train was especially fascinating since I could get a good look through the spacious windows at the different kinds of beautiful scenery and towns as they rushed past me. In particular, I have always been a fan of the uniquely-shaped mountains of China, enjoying their elegant rolling lines as they make up the peaceful beauty. Another benefit of riding on trains was the spacious legroom which allowed me to relax more easily during my trip.(对我来说，乘火车去上海是特别迷人，因为我可以通过宽敞的窗户看到各种美丽的风景和城镇，因为他们从我身边匆匆而过。我特别喜欢中国的山川，我欣赏着山川起伏的线条，它们构成了一种宁静的美。乘坐火车的另一个好处是宽敞的腿部空间，这让我在旅行中更容易放松。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了乘火车旅行作者最喜欢的是什么。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Considering how cities are so spread out in the US, it is almost a no-brainer to see how the US would benefit from this kind of public investment. This could lead to less reliance on car ownership and have a positive impact on both the economy and environment.(考虑到美国的城市如此分散，美国将如何从这种公共投资中受益几乎是不言而喻的。这可能会减少对汽车所有权的依赖，对经济和环境都有积极的影响。)”可知，如果美国建立高铁系统，那么在很多方面都是有益的。故选B。
B
Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple (主食), could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. The banana-like crop has the potential to feed more than 100 million people in a warming world, according to a new study.
Enset or “false banana”, almost unknown outside of Ethiopia, is a close relative of the banana, but is consumed only in one part of this country. The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems (茎) and roots can be used to make porridge and bread. Research suggests the crop can be grown over a much larger range in Africa. “This is a crop that can play a really important role in addressing food security and sustainable development,” said a university professor in Awasa, Ethiopia.
Using agricultural surveys and modelling work, scientists predicted the potential range of enset over the next four decades. They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.
Study researcher Dr James Borrell, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, said planting enset, as an alternative for lean times, could help boost food security. “It’s got some really unusual features that make it absolutely unique as a crop,” he said. “You plant it at any time, you harvest it at any time. That’s why they call it the tree against hunger.”
There is growing interest in seeking new plants to feed the world, given our reliance on a few staple crops. Nearly half of all the calories we eat come from three species — rice, wheat, and maize. “We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a species because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,” said Dr Borrell.
4. What does the underlined word “inedible” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Not secure enough. B. Not diverse enough.
C. Not fit to be planted. D. Not suitable to be eaten.
5. What do we know about Ethiopia’s enset from the text?
A. It is a special species of banana.
B. It can help with solving food shortage.
C. It has fed more than 100 million people.
D. It can be grown at anytime and anywhere.
6. What is Dr Borrell’s attitude towards seeking new staple plants?
A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Approving. D. Doubtful.
7. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To provide a solution to food problems.
B. To advertise a unique banana-like staple.
C. To recommend a magic crop against hunger.
D. To introduce a wonder crop for climate change.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了埃塞俄比亚的的一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset，该作物的茎和根富含淀粉，有可能养活超过1亿人。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and roots can be fermented and used to make porridge and bread. (这种植物的香蕉状果实是inedible，但富含淀粉的茎和根可以发酵并用来制作粥和面包。)”可知，这种植物的茎和根部可被食用，连接词but表示转折关系，推测划线单词表示“不宜食用的”，即not suitable to be eaten。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. (他们发现，这种作物有可能养活一亿多人，并提高埃塞俄比亚和其他包括肯尼亚、乌干达和卢旺达在内的非洲国家的粮食保障。)”可知，enset可以提高非洲国家的粮食保障，在解决粮食短缺方面发挥重要作用。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a species because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,’ said Dr Borrell. (博雷尔博士说：‘我们作为一个物种，需要在全球范围内让植物更多样化，因为目前我们所有的鸡蛋都放在一个非常小的篮子里。’)”可知，博雷尔博士认为需要使我们使用的植物多样化，所以对于寻找新的主食植物持有支持态度。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple, could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. (科学家说，埃塞俄比亚的主要作物enset或将成为一种新的‘超级食物’，一种可以应对气候变化的救星。)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset。故选D项。
C
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, indicating the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be solved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature has beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
8. What does the hen-and-egg problem refer to?
A. A problem hard to clarify.
B. A problem easy to deal with.
C. A problem common to be seen .
D. A problem unnecessary to solve.
9. How did researchers collect evidence for the study?
A. By quoting authoritative experts.
B. By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C. By researching on a previous theory.
D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
10. What contribution did Simone’s team mainly make?
A. Confirming nature’s benefits to brain health.
B. Supporting a commonview of urban exposure.
C. Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D. Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
11. What may the follow-up research focus on ?
A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B. An appeal for living in urban regions.
C. Nature’s positive effects on different groups.
D. Relationship between nature and brain health.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于自然对人大脑产生的影响的研究结果。研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益。研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，探究自然环境对母亲和婴儿的压力的影响方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, indicating the potential benefits of nature. ‘But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be solved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,’ says Sonja Sudimac. (众所周知，生活在城市是患精神疾病的一个危险因素，而生活在大自然附近对精神健康和大脑有很大好处。与生活在城市的人相比，生活在农村地区的人在面临压力时，大脑中央区域杏仁核的活跃程度较低，这表明自然的潜在好处。Sonja Sudimac说：“但到目前为止，这个‘先有鸡还是先有蛋’的问题还无法解决，也就是说，究竟是大自然真的造成了大脑的影响，还是特定的个体选择住在农村还是城市地区”。)”可知，“先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature has beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress. (为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在格吕内瓦尔德森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后，检查了与压力处理有关的大脑区域的活动。结果显示，在大自然中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少了，这表明大自然对大脑中与压力有关的区域有有益的影响。)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. (研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正向关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究。)”可知，Simone及其团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies. (为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时如何影响母亲和婴儿的压力)”可知，后续研究的重点为“调查自然环境对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响”，故选C项。
第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Listen Actively
In the course of the last 20 years, I was a taker. Everything was all about me. But that has changed for me. I consistently look for ways to help others — personally and professionally.
I now focus on what the other person needs before my own needs as a way to build stronger relationships. ____12____
What is active listening? Active listening is an analytical exercise. ____13____ To make active listening more effective, you can also add complementary (互补的) skill sets. Mirroring what people have just said in your own words helps them feel heard and helps ensure your understanding is accurate. That is why active listening, not listening while doing, is essential for building better relationships with your team.
____14____ Learning to become an active listener requires you to slow down, have patience, and learn to ignore distractions (especially emails and texts). Techniques like reflective listening can help. If you are regularly repeating what has been said, you won’t miss any part of the conversation. ____15____ This helps build trust, making the speakers like you more and therefore more likely work on what you both agree on.
What will active listening do for you and your career? Active listening isn’t just about managing a team member or a conflict. Do leaders respond to the concerns and issues they hear from the staff? Do you have the skill set to actively listen and address them? ____16____ If you do it, you might just find your team or your organization is more adaptive than most ones.
A. I am able to do that when I stop talking and start listening.
B. You also show that the speaker has your full attention.
C. These are the questions employees are asking.
D. What should you do to benefit your speaker?
E. How do you become a better active listener?
F. It requires concentration on what is said.
G. Why do you want to be a listener?
【答案】12. A 13. F 14. E 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何成为积极倾听者，以及积极倾听带来的好处。
【12题详解】
上文“I now focus on what the other person needs before my own needs as a way to build stronger relationships. (我现在把别人的需求放在自己的需求之前，以此来建立更牢固的关系。)”说明作者现在更关注对方的需求，而不是自己的；下文“What is active listening? Active listening is an analytical exercise. (什么是积极倾听？积极倾听是一种分析练习。)”说明作者通过倾听来关注对方的需求。A项“I am able to do that when I stop talking and start listening.(当我停止说话，开始倾听时，我就能做到这一点。)”阐述如何关注对方的需求，也自然引出下文的“active listening”，符合语境；选项中的“that”指代前文“focus on what the other person needs before my own needs”。故选A项。
【13题详解】
根据上文“Active listening is an analytical exercise. (积极倾听是一种分析练习)”以及下文“To make active listening more effective, you can also add complementary (互补的) skill sets. Mirroring what people have just said in your own words helps them feel heard and helps ensure your understanding is accurate.(为了使积极倾听更有效，你还可以添加互补的技能组合。用你自己的话模仿别人刚才说的话可以帮助他们感到被倾听，并有助于确保你的理解是准确的。)”可知，积极倾听是可以训练出来的，积极倾听要专注于对方所说的话。F项“It requires concentration on what is said. (它需要专注于所说的话。)”是对前一句的具体解释，说明积极倾听需要专注于对方所说的话，选项中的“It”指代上文“Active listening”；下文详细阐述如何专注于对方所说的话；由此可知，F选项符合语境。故选F项。
【14题详解】
文章结构分析可知，设空处是本段主题句；下文“Learning to become an active listener requires you to slow down, have patience, and learn to ignore distractions (especially emails and texts).(学习成为一个积极的倾听者需要你慢下来，有耐心，学会忽略干扰（特别是电子邮件和短信）)。”阐述了成为一名积极倾听者需要的具体做法，回答了E选项“How do you become a better active listener?(如何成为一个更好的积极倾听者？)”所提出的问题；由此可知，E选项作为主题句引出后文，符合语境。故选E项。
【15题详解】
上文“If you are regularly repeating what has been said, you won’t miss any part of the conversation.(如果你经常重复别人说过的话，你就不会错过谈话的任何部分。) ”说明了重复对方的话带来的好处；B项“You also show that the speaker has your full attention.(你也要表现出你对说话者有充分的注意力。) ”进一步阐述重复对方的话带来的另一个好处，B项中“also”符合两句之间的并列关系 ；且下文“This helps build trust, making the speakers like you more and therefore more likely work on what you both agree on.(这有助于建立信任，使说话的人更喜欢你，因此更有可能在你们都同意的问题上达成一致。) ”阐述充分关注对方所带来的的益处，下文中“This”指B选项的内容“You also show that the speaker has your full attention.”。故选B项。
【16题详解】
上文“Do leaders respond to the concerns and issues they hear from the staff? Do you have the skill set to actively listen and address them?(领导是否对他们从员工那里听到的担忧和问题作出回应？你是否具备积极倾听和解决问题的技能？)”阐述了员工们会问到的一些问题；C选项“These are the questions employees are asking.(这些是员工们问的问题。)”指出前面两个问题是员工问的问题，符合语境，“These”指代上文提到的问题；下文“If you do it, you might just find your team or your organization is more adaptive than most ones.(如果你是，你可能会发现你的团队或组织比大多数团队更具有适应性。)”说明，如果作为老板，能对员工的问题和担忧做出回应并且具备积极倾听和解决问题的技能，那么你的团队就会更优秀，对前文中的问题进行了假设性的回答，因此C项承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分 英语知识运用 (共三节, 满分 45分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1分, 满分 15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was in Australia. By mid-afternoon on Thursday, Adrian Main was working outside in the ___17___. Over the years, he had ___18___many animals while digging around in soil, but he knew how to ___19___the dangerous ones.
Now his shovel(铲子) was in his car, parked 50 meters away. He considered getting it, but the job was ___20___. So he used his hands instead. Just as his fingers slid under the pile of ___21___, he felt a ___22___ pain in his left hand. Adrian quickly ___23___ out his hand, seeing a spider biting his finger.
Adrian knew immediately that the spider was a Sydney funnel-web(漏斗型蜘蛛), the ___24___ in Australia. He___25___his hand up and down to throw off the spider and after three or four seconds, it finally let go and dropped to fallen leaves again.
He____26____to his coworker, Phil, who was working close by. Phil____27____his shovel and ran over. The pair calmly walked to the car while Adrian pressed down on his finger to ____28____ the spread of venom(毒液) into his bloodstream. They both knew a bite like this, if left untreated, could____29____death within an hour.
____30____, the forests where they had been working was not very far from the hospital. Adrian walked into the emergency department with____31____still streaming down his finger. He calmly told the nurse that he’d been bitten by a Sydney funnel-web, and was quickly brought to a bed. He finally was saved.
17. A. woods B. zoo C. yard D. park
18. A. saved B. hurt C. killed D. encountered
19. A. struggle with B. come across C. tell apart D. look after
20. A. dangerous B. small C. steady D. demanding
21. A. branches B. leaves C. soil D. waste
22. A. slight B. bearable C. sharp D. lasting
23. A. pulled B. put C. reached D. checked
24. A. mildest B. wildest C. strongest D. deadliest
25. A. kept B. waved C. checked D. pushed
26. A. shouted B. showed C. jumped D. whispered
27. A. dropped B. took C. folded D. packed
28. A. clear B. forbid C. ignore D. slow
29. A. add to B. turn to C. lead to D. adjust to
30. A. Gradually B. Fortunately C. Therefore D. Actually
31. A. poison B. sweat C. blood D. liquid
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Adrian Main在森林工作的时候被漏斗网蜘蛛咬伤，在同事菲尔的帮助下及时得到救治的故事。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：周四下午三点左右，阿德里安·梅因（Adrian Main）在森林里工作。A. woods森林；B. zoo动物园；C. yard院子；D. park公园。根据“___14___, the forests where they had been working was not very far from the hospital”可知，阿德里安·梅因在森林里工作，空处和“forests”对应。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，他在挖掘土壤时遇到过许多动物，但他知道如何区分危险的动物。A. saved节省，拯救；B. hurt使受伤；C. killed杀死；D. encountered遇到。根据上文和“digging around in soil”可知，Adrian在森林里工作，所以在工作过程中会遇到过许多动物。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. struggle with与……斗争；B. come across偶然遇到；C. tell apart区分，分辨；D. look after照顾。上文说Adrian在森林中遇到过许多动物，结合句中转折连词“but”和“the dangerous ones”可推知，虽然会遇到过许多动物，但他能识别哪些是危险的，不会受到伤害。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他考虑过去拿铲子，但任务小，很简单。A. dangerous危险的；B. small小的；C. steady稳定的；D. demanding要求高的。根据下文“So he used his hands instead.”可推知，Adrian最终决定不用铲子而直接用手，说明任务小，很简单，不需要工具。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在他的手指滑到那堆树叶下面时，他感到左手一阵剧痛。A. branches树枝；B. leaves树叶；C. soil土壤；D. waste废物。根据下文“He___9__his hand up and down to throw off the spider and after three or four seconds, it finally let go and dropped to fallen leaves again.”可知，他把手指伸到了树叶下面，此处是信息词leaves的词汇复现。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. slight轻微的；B. bearable可忍受的；C. sharp剧烈的，强烈的；D. lasting持续的。根据下文“Adrian quickly ___7___ out his hand, seeing a spider biting his finger.”可知，剧烈的疼痛让Adrian迅速把手抽了出来。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Adrian看到一只蜘蛛在咬他的手指，赶紧把手抽出来。A. pulled拉，拽；B. put放置；C. reached到达；D. checked检查。根据上文“Just as his fingers slid under the pile of ___5___”可知，他把手伸到了树叶下面，所以现在是把手抽出来。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Adrian立刻知道这是悉尼漏斗网蜘蛛，是澳大利亚最致命的蜘蛛。A. mildest最温和的；B. wildest最狂野的；C. strongest最强壮的；D. deadliest最致命的。根据下文“They both knew a bite like this, if left untreated, could___13___death within an hour.”可知，漏斗网蜘蛛是最致命的，如果不及时治疗，可能会在一小时内死亡。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他上下挥挥手，想把蜘蛛甩开，过了三四秒钟，蜘蛛终于松开了，又掉到了落叶上。A. kept保持；B. waved挥舞；C. checked检查；D. pushed推。根据句中“up and down to throw off the spider”可知，他想挥舞手来甩掉蜘蛛。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他朝在附近工作的同事Phil大喊。A. shouted喊叫；B. showed显示；C. jumped跳跃；D. whispered低语。根据句中“Phil, who was working close by”可知，Adrian大喊向附近的同事求助。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析句意：Phil扔下铲子跑了过来。A. dropped丢弃；B. took带走；C. folded折叠；D. packed打包。结合常识和句中“his shovel”可知，知道同事遇险，所以Phil扔下铲子就跑了过来。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人平静地走向汽车，Adrian用手按住手指，以减缓毒液进入血液的速度。A. clear清除；B. forbid禁止；C. ignore忽视；D. slow减缓。结合常识和句中“Adrian pressed down on his finger”与“the spread of venom (毒液) into his bloodstream”可推知，按住被咬的手指可以减缓毒液在血液中流动的速度。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们都知道这样的伤口，如果不及时治疗，可能会在一小时内死亡。A. add to增加；B. turn to转向；C. lead to导致；D. adjust to适应。根据句中“if left untreated”可知，被澳大利亚最致命的蜘蛛咬伤，如果不及时治疗，会导致死亡。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他们工作的森林离医院不远。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Therefore因此；D. Actually事实上。根据下文“the forests where they had been working was not very far from the hospital”可知，他们离医院不远，这是幸运的事情。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Adrian走进急诊室时，血还在顺着手指往下流。A. poison毒药；B. sweat汗水；C. blood血液；D. liquid液体。根据句中“streaming down his finger”可知，是血液从伤口中流出来。故选C。
第 II 卷
注意事项：
用 0.5 毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题，每小题 1.5分，满分 15分)
语法填空
It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art. Perhaps the best way____32____ (understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose ____33____ Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested inpainting realistic____34____ (scene). This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone, ____35____paintings showed real people in a real environment. Next came the Renaissance, when old ideas and values____36____ (replace) gradually by new ones from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life, ____37____ (use) perspective and oil paints. The emphasis____38____ (increasing) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. After the invention ofphotography, paintings were no longer needed to preserve____39____people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from____40____painting by Claude Monet called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene. After impressionism, Picasso, one of the painters of Modern Art, used Cubism, a new way, to analyse the shapes which _____41_____ (exist) in the natural world. What modern artists attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?”
【答案】32. to understand
33. of 34. scenes
35. whose 36. were replaced
37. using 38. increasingly
39 what 40. the
41. existed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方艺术绘画几个世纪以来的发展。
【32题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：也许了解西方艺术的最好方法是看看西方绘画几个世纪以来的发展。此处修饰名词way应用不定式作后置定语，短语the best way to do sth.“做某事最好的方式”。故填to understand。
【33题详解】
考查介词。句意：在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。表示“……的目的”短语为the purpose of。故填of。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：因此，艺术家们对绘制现实场景不感兴趣。空处需填名词作宾语，scene是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填scenes。
【35题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种情况在13世纪的乔托·迪·邦多内开始改变，他的画作展示了真实环境中的真实人物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Giotto di Bondone，在从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：接下来是文艺复兴时期，这个时候旧的思想和价值观逐渐被中世纪的新思想和价值观所取代。when引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，根据“came”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语old ideas and values和replace为被动关系，需用被动语态，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were replaced。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：画家们对生活采取了更加人性化的态度，运用透视法和油画。分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Painters构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填using。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：重点越来越多地从宗教主题转移到人们和我们周围的世界。修饰动词shift应用副词increasingly，作状语。故填increasingly。
【39题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在摄影术发明之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的样子。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈的画作《日出印象》。名词painting此处特指克劳德·莫奈的《日出印象》这幅画，应用定冠词。故填the。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：继印象派之后，现代艺术画家之一的毕加索采用了立体主义这一新的方法来分析自然界中存在的形状。which引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，此处陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时。故填existed。
第三节 根据课文内容完成句子(共 10小题;每题 1分，满分 10分)
42. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
Perhaps no other scientist _________ China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
【答案】has had a greater impact on
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“对……有更大影响”应用have a greater impact on，此处使用现在完成时，表示“从过去开始持续到现在”，主语为 no other scientist，助动词用单数has。故填has had a greater impact on。
43. 学费和生活开销比国内贵多了，多数家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。
Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could _________ most families an arm and a leg.
【答案】end up costing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处为“最终会花费”，“最终做某事”表达为动词短语end up doing，动名词作宾语；此处考查动词短语cost sb an arm and a leg，意为“花了某人一大笔钱”，空前为情态动词could，后接动词原形，故填end up costing。
44. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
Cooperating with people from _________ helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
【答案】diverse cultural backgrounds
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和名词。表示“不同的”应用形容词diverse，作定语；表示“文化的”应用cultural，作定语；表示“背景”应用名词background，此处使用名词复数形式。故填diverse cultural backgrounds。
45. 例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。
For example, some of them may ________ tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
【答案】become involved in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“沉溺于”应用动词短语become involved in，位于情态动词may后面，使用动词原形。故填become involved in。
46. 有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are _________.”
【答案】what we repeatedly do
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。此处为谚语，使用一般现在时，表示“重复地”应用repeatedly；表示“做”应用do；表示“重复的行为造就了我们”应用We are what we repeatedly do，其中what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。故填what we repeatedly do。
47. 这只是该展览供您参观的一小部分.
This is just a small taste of what is _________ you in this exhibition.
【答案】in store for
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“就要落到……，即将发生”应用介词短语in store for。故填in store for。
48. 我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢？我们都属于人类大家庭，我们都有责任心，关心彼此的幸福。
How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all _________
to look after one another’s welfare.
【答案】have a responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、时态。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处为“有责任心”，此处考查动词短语have a responsibility to do sth（有责任做某事），其中不定式作后置定语；and前的简单句为一般现在时，and后的简单句也用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词用动词原形。故填have a responsibility。
49. 她们站在远处眺望，看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。
Standing in the distance, they _________ misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.
【答案】were astonished to see
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“对……感到惊讶”应用be astonished to，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为they，be动词用were；表示“看到”应用see，位于动词不定式后面，使用动词原形。故填were astonished to see。
50. 又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began _________ the best food we had ever eaten.
【答案】filling our table with
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“在我们桌上摆满了”应用fill our table with，begin doing sth.为固定用法，意为“开始做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填filling our table with。
51. 无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。
This is true _________ how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
【答案】regardless of##no matter
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和复合连词。根据句意，“无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康”是让步状语，可用regardless of构成介词短语作让步状语，其后接宾语从句how healthy the rest of their diet might be；也可用复合连词no matter how引导让步状语从句。故填regardless of/no matter。
第四部分 书面表达(共两节, 满分 40分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
52. 最近，你校英语俱乐部计划举办分享会，主题是分享你印象最深刻的一次学习技能的经历。内容包括：
1. 一项学会的技能；
2. 学习的过程；
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear boys and girls,
When it comes to my most memorable skill learning experience, I want to share my journey of learning to play the guitar.
I started with online tutorials and books, learned chords and strumming techniques, and practiced regularly. It was challenging but rewarding, teaching me patience and dedication. Later, I joined a guitar class for professional guidance. It enhanced my musical abilities, taught me discipline, and provided a creative outlet. Learning the guitar impressed on me the importance of goals, consistency, and never giving up. I’m grateful for this unforgettable experience.
That’s all. Thanks for your attention.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在学校英语俱乐部计划举办分享会上分享自己印象最深刻的一次学习技能的经历，内容包括所学会的技能，学习的过程，以及自己的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
从……开始：start with → begin with
定期地：regularly → on a regular basis
提高，改善：enhance → improve
重要性：importance → significance
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Later, I joined a guitar class for professional guidance. It enhanced my musical abilities, taught me discipline, and provided a creative outlet.
拓展句：Later, I joined a guitar class for professional guidance, which enhanced my musical abilities, taught me discipline, and provided a creative outlet.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it comes to my most memorable skill learning experience, I want to share my journey of learning to play the guitar.（运用了固定句式When it comes to）
【高分句型2】Learning the guitar impressed on me the importance of goals, consistency, and never giving up.（运用了动名词作主语）
第二节 读后续写(满分 25分)
53. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was four weeks before New Year, and our youth group wanted to do something together as a New Year project for our community. The concept was great, but none of us seventeen-year-olds had any idea what to do.
“Maybe we could have a food drive to help the homeless,” John suggested at our Sunday night meeting. “But we have done that many times”, answered Brian with a frown.
Ten minutes passed without any proposal good enough to win our hearts. Finally I decided to speak. “Why don’t we think about our project for a few days and then come back with three or four suggestions we can vote on?” Everyone agreed to wait a week before deciding.
I knew time was running out to get something going before New Year, but I had no clue what we should do. During the following week, one idea after another ran through my mind, but I was still indecisive.
Thursday after school, I wandered into the kitchen as my dad prepared for dinner. Sensing my uneasiness, he asked what troubled me without even looking up. “Well... it...” I let out a long breath. “Our youth group wants to do something for New Year, but we don’t know what to do...”
“Hmm.” My dad thought out loud. “There’s a seniors’ home I’ve worked with close to St. Joseph’s Hospital. The residents don’t get out much around New Year with the snow and ice. It might be an idea to take them out to see the New Year lights around here.”
I stood still for a few moments thinking of all the spectacular（绚丽的）New Year light displays in our neighborhood. To be honest, I never thought about that, but it might just work.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为130左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Next Sunday evening, our youth group met.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On New Year’s Day, the bus we rented arrived at the seniors’ home in the snow.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Next Sunday evening, our youth group met. My fellows put forward several suggestions and I also contributed Dad’s idea for discussion. To my pleasant surprise, the New Year lights tour won their hearts. We called the seniors’ home and they were thrilled about our proposal. The following weeks, we were busy lining up everything for the tour, including the bus to drive the seniors along the planned route.
On New Year’s Day, the bus we rented arrived at the seniors’ home in the snow. Despite the cold, the snow added a magical white blanket to the neighborhood. All residents slowly found seats on the bus and the tour began. The spectacular light displays lit up their faces and I even saw some eyes filling up. Returning to the seniors’ home, they couldn’t stop talking about all they’d seen and thanked us again and again. Looking at their excited and grateful faces, we’d never felt warmer.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者跟朋友们打算做有意义的事情来过新年，正在作者毫无头绪时，父亲建议他们带养老院的老人们去街上看灯饰，最后，作者跟朋友们精心准备，带养老院的老人们去街上看灯饰，老人们很开心，非常感谢他们的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下个星期天的晚上，我们一群年轻人碰面。”可知，第一段可描写作者跟朋友们商量在新年那天做什么有意义的事情，作者提出父亲给的建议，大家赞同，精心准备。
②由第二段首句内容“在新年那天，我们租的公交车在雪天到达了养老院。”可知，第二段可描写作者和朋友们到养老院，带着老人们去街上看灯饰，老人们很开心，非常感谢他们。
2.续写线索：提议父亲的建议——朋友赞同——准备——达到养老院接老人——陪老人们看夜景，灯饰——老人们感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①提出：put forward/come up with
②忙于做某事：be busy (in) doing sth./be occupied (in) doing sth.
③忍不住：couldn’t stop/couldn’t resist
情绪类
①激动：thrilled/excited
②感谢：grateful /thankful/appreciative
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Returning to the seniors’ home, they couldn’t stop talking about all they’d seen and thanked us again and again. (运用了现在分词作状语和省略关系代词引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]. Looking at their excited and grateful faces, we’d never felt warmer. (运用了现在分词作状语)
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