2023年秋高二英语开学摸底考试检测卷及参考答案

2023年秋高二开学摸底考试检测卷

                        英语         分值：120分 时间：90分钟

第一部分  阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Imagine standing on one spot where the only direction is south. You can experience it if you join a group of just 128 passengers for your trip to the pole of the world. Your icebreaker ship, 50 Years of Victory, will take you to the North Pole, which is more commonly associated with fairy tales.

Days 1 & 2—From Helsinki to Murmansk

Your adventure begins from Helsinki, Finland's capital. From Helsinki, you'll join your fellow passengers on the flight to Murmansk, Russia, where you'll start your voyage to the North Pole and get to know 50 Years of Victory.

Days 3-6—Traveling towards the north in the Arctic Ocean

Being on Victory and feeling the icebreaker as it cuts through the Arctic pack ice is an experience you'll never forget. You'll have plenty of time to get to know your shipmates, and be treated to lectures and discussions about the trip by our expedition team while seeing various birds. There are other things you can do, such as swimming and playing basketball.

Day 7—90° North

Take photos, call your family and wave a flag; just be sure to enjoy your moment at the pole. If environmental conditions permit, you can jump into the icy waters around the North Pole. We'll also attempt to send passengers high above the pole in our hot-air balloon to celebrate this great moment (highly weather dẹpendent).

Days 8 & 9—Traveling towards the south in the Arctic Ocean

As you head further south, you may get lucky and spot polar bears hunting for seals.

Days 10 & 11—Franz Josef Land

This group of 191 islands lies entirely within the Arctic Circle. Here you'll explore Cape Flora and discover historic remains from three ill-fated arctic adventures.

Days 12 & 13—Getting off Victory in Murmansk and flying to Helsinki

When you return to Murmansk, it will be time to say goodbye to 50 Years of Victory. You'll be sent to the airport for your flight to Helsinki.

1. What can passengers do from Day 3 to Day 6?

A. Break the pack ice in the Arctic. B. Get to know more about the trip.

C. Feed a variety of birds on board. D. Compete with your shipmates in skiing.

2. Which of the following highly depends on the weather at the North Pole?

A. Taking a hot-air balloon ride.

B. Sending passengers deep into the icy waters.

C. Contacting your family by telephoning.

D. Waving flags and taking photos in the wind.

3. When is it possible for you to discover historic remains?

A. From Day 3 to Day 6. B. On Days 8 & 9.

C. On Days 10 & 11.  D. On Days 12 & 13.

B

On the night of 14th June 1904, New York's Chinatown was in a deep gloom(低迷). For the past 20 years, the restaurants were filled with those crazy about a taste of real Chinese cooking "chop suey". But suddenly, all that seemed at risk. A few days earlier, a chef named Lem Sen had arrived, saying he had invented it a decade before while working at a restaurant in San Francisco. His recipe had been stolen by an American diner to make money. Through his lawyer, he demanded restaurants pay him for using his recipe.

Chop suey was first mentioned by Chinese-American journalist Wang Chin Foo in a list of common dishes he thought most attractive to Western tastes. As he explained, "each Chinese cook has his own recipe. The main parts are pork, bacon, chicken, mushroom, bamboo shoots, onion, and pepper, while accidental ones are duck, beef, salted black beans etc. Yet it is often considered by Westerners that this is a 'national dish of China' more than any other dish they've known."

Although a hyperbolic way to introduce this dish, it clearly showed that chop suey was indeed of Chinese origin. Where exactly its roots lay has been debated; but it was probably first cooked in Taishan, Guangdong, where most early immigrants to America had grown up. In 1866, the journalist Allan Forman noticed it as a delicious dish despite its "mysterious nature", and nine years later, the first recipe appeared in magazines, with some un-Chinese ingredients thrown in.

It was not long before a myth making began. In 1896, Li Hongzhang visited New York, and newspapers mistakenly reported that while refusing Western dishes at a banquet(宴会), he had enthusiastically accepted a plate of chop suey. This caused a great hit, and many who never heard of it before simply assumed that it was introduced to the U.S. by Li Hongzhang, which accidentally promoted the dish's popularity.

4. What is the purpose of a chef's story in Paragraph 1?

A. To describe food history. B. To bring out chop suey.

C. To show risky business world. D. To introduce a law case.

5. What would Wang Chin Foo most agree with about chop suey?

A. Fixed ingredients. B. Its popularity overseas.

C. Un-Chinese nature. D. Mixed national identities.

6. When chop suey was introduced in a "hyperbolic" way, it was ________.

A. remarked beyond reality B. explained in greater details

C. praised in something common D. commented based on the origin

7. What can be inferred about the myth making on chop suey?

A. Li Hongzhang promoted this dish. B. Its popularity was based on facts.

C. Mass media belonged to the root cause. D. Public opinions voiced acceptance.

C

Plastic remains one of the most-used materials for making many of the things we use in our everyday lives. Things made of plastic can be very strong and last a long time. They also do well in extreme heat and cold. Plastic is also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. This makes the material ideal for countless uses across many different industries.

But the widespread use of plastics across the world is causing major problems for the environment. Plastic material is flooding landfills and causing severe damage in the world's oceans. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. It has been estimated that even the most reusable kinds of plastic can only be recycled at a rate of 20 to 30 percent. Even when recycling is possible, the process is costly, can use a lot of energy and, in many cases, produces poor-quality materials.

But a team of researchers working at the U.S. Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. The team recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry. The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer(聚合物) called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports that the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures, colors and more. The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again—without the plastic material losing any performance or quality.

Brett Helms is a scientist who worked on the study. He said, "Then we would be able to more effectively divert plastic from landfills and the oceans. This is an exciting time to start thinking about how to design both materials and recycling facilities to enable circular plastics."

8. What is the feature of plastic according to Paragraph 1?

A. Light and cold.  B. Easy to break down.

C. Firm and changeable. D. Colorful and endurable.

9. What do we know about plastic products?

A. Few are highly recycled. B. They have quality problems.

C. They are environmentally friendly. D. The process of recycling is cheap.

10. What is Helms' attitude to the new plastic?

A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Negative.

11. Where does the text probably come from?

A. A chemistry paper. B. A research plan.

C. A medical report.  D. A science magazine.

D

Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.

The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?

We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.

Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.

The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.

With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.

Many of us equate(视……等同于) "commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.

12. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.

A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity

B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal

C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate

D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success

13. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.

B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.

C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.

D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.

14. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?

A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.

B. A wise man can live without self-pity.

C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.

D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.

15. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.

B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.

C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.

D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

According to a study done by University of Michigan researchers, shopping to relieve stress was up to 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad compared to those that only looked around for items.

More than half of the 1,000 respondents said they have impulsively shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. ___16___ In fact, shopping to reduce stress can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. Shopping to relieve stress is also called retail therapy as a form of regulating stress. ___17___ For many, what starts out as a relatively harmless mood booster could possibly grow into a forced reaction that empties wallets and causes conflict, thus adding a significant amount of stress to a person's life.

In order not to be overwhelmed by retail therapy, you might refer to the following tips.

•___18___

Whether you're purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with clarity and order while you're shopping. Reward yourself for sticking to your list and you'll be more likely to commit to it: buy a cup of coffee while shopping or plan a fun activity for when you return home.

• Think about what you struggle with most financially.

Do you spend too much money at the mall? Eating out? Vacations? ___19___ For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on the weekends, stock your cupboard with groceries on Friday so you'll be more likely to stay in and cook.

• Give up the need to keep up with your neighbors, co-workers, and friends.

Everyone's financial situation is different and it's dependent upon a variety of factors, least of all being one's self worth. ___20___ Appreciate what you currently have by practicing gratitude.

A. Prepare a list prior to shopping.

B. This may encourage consumerism and impulse buying.

C. However, the side effect of retail therapy cannot be overlooked.

D. More men tended to purchase alcohol when stressed than women.

E. 23% said they've maxed out(刷爆) a credit card in the past year.

F. Comparison leads to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have.

G. Track down where your money is going and then try to avoid temptations.

第二部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I was informed that my four-grade daughter was not going to make it to the fifth grade. The teacher said, "She may not be ___21___ what we're trying to accomplish." He was actually saying she didn't have the ___22___. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was ___23___ in school. We had her tested and found that the trouble she was having was dyslexia—difficulty in reading, which was ___24___ what I had had. By then I was a successful television writer, and had ___25___ an Emmy Award for "The Rockford Files".

Writing and writing, I worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s, ___26___ to hear people praise me, because I did badly in all my courses. Eventually, I did become successful, and people now say to me, "So you've ___27___ dyslexia."

No. I don't overcome it, but just switch to something within my ___28___. Some easy things are very hard for me. Most people who go through college ___29___ twice as fast as I do. I avoid ___30___ a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right.

Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a ___31___, not a misfortune. Many dyslexics are ___32___ at right-brain, abstract thought, and that's what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my ___33___.

The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not that they ___34___ in school, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create ___35___ for them, whether it's in music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, "Yeah, reading is hard. But I have other things I can do."

21. A. up to  B. in fear of  C. in favor of  D. next to

22. A. confidence  B. intelligence C. perseverance  D. preference

23. A. adventuring  B. wandering  C. failing  D. declining

24. A. vaguely  B. randomly  C. temporarily  D. exactly

25. A. sought  B. presented  C. established  D. won

26. A. desperate  B. ready  C. curious D. willing

27. A. acknowledged B. developed       C. overcome  D. challenged

28. A. reach  B. distance  C. responsibility  D. zone

29. A. run  B. read  C. write  D. hear

30. A. touching  B. unfolding  C. dialing  D. fixing

31. A. burden  B. gift  C. mercy D. skill

32. A. poor  B. surprised  C. good  D. fascinated

33. A. strength  B. security C. identity  D. acquisition

34. A. persist  B. struggle  C. resist D. regret

35. A. challenges  B. convenience  C. affection D. victories

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On December 9th, Chinese astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu, ___36___ (conduct) the science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth, as they orbited in the Tiangong space station.

They showed viewers ___37___ they lived and worked inside the space station. In response to ___38___ Hong Kong student's question about water, Wang said the water they drank was recycled, noting that there was no difference in taste between regular and ___39___ (recycle) water. "With a water recycling system, every drop of water ___40___ (make) full use of," she said.

Wang said the astronauts might look ___41___ (fat) than they were on earth as the microgravity in space can affect blood circulation. Zhai introduced the ___42___ (special) designed uniform Ye was wearing during the class. According to Zhai, it is called a "penguin jumpsuit" and it has multiple elastic bands inside to help the astronauts maintain their muscle ___43___ (strong).

Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in the weightless environment in space, during ___44___ he compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity so as ___45___ (study) their changing rules and mechanisms.

第三部分  写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假如你是李华，你学校的交换生Peter周末要去你们的老师家做客，他给你发电子邮件询问做客应该注意的问题，请你回复，内容包括：

1. 到达时间；

2. 礼物；

3. 就餐时注意的问题。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,
Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Laila lived with her mom and her grandparents in a small house. She is a humble girl who loves to smile and always helps people. Her dad died years ago in a car accident. It was a really hard time for her and the family. But life must go on. She always remembers what her dad told her, she must be a good girl, smart and humble. She missed her daddy every single day. Every morning, her mother made all kinds of traditional snacks and sold them in front of their house and cleaned up their neighbours' houses to fulfill their needs. Laila wanted to be a ballerina(芭蕾舞演员). She loves dancing. But her mother told her that it's impossible, because they have no money. Laila said, "I will become a ballerina someday."

One morning, Laila was playing in the garden next to her house alone. She danced beautifully and tried to catch a butterfly until she saw an old man who walked too fast and suddenly fell into a drain(下水道). Laila ran to help him but it was too deep and she could not raise the old man. Laila ran to her house, told her mother about the old man and they ran again so fast to help him. Her mother tried to ask him his name. Meanwhile, Laila called the others. His name is Grandpa Rudi. He was in recovery time from his heart attack weeks ago. Laila cried. She just felt so sad about Grandpa's injury. His face was bleeding. Laila gave her mom a bottle of water to wash the sand and blood from his face. He said "thank you" to Laila and her mom.

Laila became famous in her school and in her neighborhood. Local newspaper made news about her kindness. The title is "Laila, A Lovely Girl with An Awesome Heart". All people talked about her. The government heard this great news. They came to her school to give her an invitation to the meeting.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:

The next morning, Laila, her mother and her teachers came to the government office to attend the meeting. ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

Laila couldn't believe her ears. Holding her hands, the governor said, _______________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________