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【期中知识点归纳】（译林版2020）2023-2024学年高一上册英语 必修1 Unit 1 Back to school 知识点归纳 试卷.zip
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这是一份【期中知识点归纳】（译林版2020）2023-2024学年高一上册英语 必修1 Unit 1 Back to school 知识点归纳 试卷.zip，文件包含期中知识点归纳译林版20202023-2024学年高一上册英语必修1Unit1Backtoschool知识点归纳讲义原卷版docx、期中知识点归纳译林版20202023-2024学年高一上册英语必修1Unit1Backtoschool知识点归纳讲义解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 1 Back to school
Unit 1
话题
学校生活
核心词汇
potential,senior,challenge,opportunity,effort,attitude,individual,character, independent, remind, professional,material,exchange, tough
重点短语
make a difference，make the most of, look forward to,,take advantage of , last but not least, as a result of,stick to,over time
重点句型
1.介词短语+不及物动词/系动词be+主语
2.find+宾语+adj./doing/done(宾语补足语)结构
3.can’t wait to do. . . 等不及要做……
4.v. -ing形式作主语
5.as +形容词+名词+ as
语法
句子成分和句子结构
写作
提出建议
1.challenge n. & vt.挑战 ;质疑
【教材原句】 The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. (P2)
你们面前的路通向一个充满挑战的世界:新环境,新知识和新的思维方式。
【基础演练】
①There will still be lots of ______________(challenge) if we are to classify garbage in a short time.
②I challenge you ______________(race)me across the lake.
③______________ (challenge) work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age.
④After-school activities at school will give you good chances to challenge ______________ (you).
【知识拓展】
face a challenge 面临挑战
meet a challenge 迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
rise to the challenge 接受挑战,奋起迎战
【写作积累】
When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up. 当你面临挑战的时候,你必须相信你能克服它,而且绝不放弃。
2.effort n.努力,费力的事;试图
【教材原句】 Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. (P2) 最重要的是,你们在高中阶段度过的时光和付出的努力将会为你们叩开潜能的大门。
【基础演练】
①I will make every effort ______________(achieve) my goal.
②With their patience and ______________(effort), they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction.
【知识拓展】
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into sth. 在……上花力气
with (an) effort 费力地
without effort 毫不费力地
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
【写作积累】
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment, because it is shared by all the human beings.
我们应不遗余力地美化我们的环境,因为它是全人类共有的。
3.advance n.进步,进展;前进,行进 vt. & vi. 发展,进步
【教材原句】Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!(P3)
谁知道未来你们能创作出哪些精美的艺术品,实现哪些医学突破,或者开发出哪些不可思议的技术!
【基础演练】
①We need to learn ______________(advance) technology from foreign countries.
②She decided to go back to college ______________(advance) her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
【知识拓展】
in advance 预先,事先
in advance of... (时间上)在……前面;(发展上)超前
make an advance/advances in 在……方面取得进展
【写作积累】
①This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。
②As is known to us all, China has made great advances in science and technology in the past decades.
众所周知的是,在过去几十年里,中国在科技方面取得了巨大进步。
4.equal adj. 相等的;平等的;相当的n. 同等的人(物)linking v. 与……相等vt. 比得上
【教材原句】 Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (P3)同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
【基础演练】
①The quality of life in France is ______________(equal) excellent.
②One unit of alcohol is equal ______________ half a pint of beer.
③Don’t you believe in ______________(equal) between men and women?
【知识拓展】
be equal to sth. 相当于某事物;能应付/能胜任……
equal opportunities 机会均等
be equal in... 在……方面平等/相同
equal treatment 平等对待
equal rights 平等权利
equal pay (男女)同工同酬
be without equal/have no equal无敌;无与伦比
【写作积累】
I think I am equal to the job because I can communicate with foreigners in English.
我认为我能胜任这项工作,因为我有能力用英语与外国人交流。
5.remind vt. 提醒,使想起
【教材原句】 This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. (P7)
这会提醒你为了什么而努力,并且让你保持专注。
【基础演练】
①Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me ______________ the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.
② However, her dad ______________(remind) her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
③It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member ______________(take)medicine or taking family photos.
【知识拓展】
(1)remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what... 提醒(某人)……
(2)reminder n. 提示,通知单;提醒人的事物
【写作积累】
The old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.
这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。
6.aim n. 目的,目标vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对
【教材原句】With the aim of raising some money for the local charity, we invited several famous musicians.
为了给当地的慈善机构筹款,我们邀请了几位著名的音乐家。
【基础演练】
①Our aim was ______________(see) if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
②He aims______________ (finish)his journey by mid-July.
③It shows that local governments should have a professional and qualified team, which can offer scientific project evaluation and investment suggestions, to avoid ______________(aim)development.
④Marked on 22 April, Earth Day is an annual event ______________ (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【知识拓展】
(1)with the aim of 旨在;瞄准;致力于……
take aim at 瞄准;盯着;注意到;以……为目标
achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目标
(2)aim at 针对;瞄准;目的在于
aim for 瞄准;以……为目标
aim high 胸怀大志,力争上游;向高处瞄准
aim low 向低处瞄准(尤指拳击比赛中不道德的打法);志向不高
aim to do sth.=aim at doing sth.=be aimed at doing sth.力求做某事;旨在(做)某事
【写作积累】
Our school has held the activity with the aim of encouraging students to read more books.
为了鼓励学生们多读书,我们学校举办了这场活动。
7.exchange n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换
【教材原句】 Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. (P11)
去年,我有机会作为交换在英国的一所中学学习。
【基础演练】
①(2021·浙江高考)On August 5, the number of postcards ______________(exchange) by members topped 31 million.
②I’d like to exchange some pounds ______________dollars.
③Before making a decision, he likes to exchange ideas ______________ his parents.
【知识拓展】
in exchange for 作为对……的交换
have/make an exchange of... 交换……
exchange students 交换生
cultural exchange 文化交流
【写作积累】
We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience and love us most in the world. 我们学生应该经常与我们的父母交流想法,他们经验丰富并且是这个世界上最爱我们的。
8.make a difference起作用,有影响
【教材原句】 The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (P3)
可能性无穷无尽,而且我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭、你们的社区和我们的国家。
【基础演练】
①But does one plastic straw or cup really make ______________difference?
②“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a ______________ (different),” David Bond says.
③I believe such measures will make a difference ______________ your life and study.
【知识拓展】
make a difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物来说有影响/有关系
It makes a difference (to sb.)+wh-从句……(对某人来说)有影响/有关系
make little/no difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某物)几乎没有/没有影响
make some/much difference (to sb./sth.)(对某人/某物)有一些/很大影响
tell the difference 区分/辨别不同
【写作积累】
Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有当我们言行一致时,我们才能在我们希望完成的事情上有所作为。
9.make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受
【教材原句】To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. (P3)
要想全面发挥你们的潜能,充分利用我们学校的资源很重要。
【基础演练】
①So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use ______________a wider vocabulary than ever before.
②She really tries to make ______________ most of herself by dressing well.
【知识拓展】make use of/ take advantage of 利用;使用
make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用
make the best of 充分利用
【写作积累】
I have made up my mind to make the best of every minute to study English.
我决心充分利用每一分钟学习英语。
10.look forward to盼望,期待
【教材原句】 In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and responsible for my own learning. (P5)
事实上,我希望自己能更加独立,对自己的学习更有责任心。
【基础演练】
①Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to ______________ (receive) your earliest reply.
②I often ______________ the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
③I like to ______________ my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.
【知识拓展】look up to 尊敬; 仰视
look into 调查; 观察
look up 抬头看; 查阅
look back on 回忆, 回顾
look out(for...) 注意; 留意
look through 浏览; 仔细查看
11.Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
【基础演练】
Folded in the card ______________ (be) a piece of paper.
【知识拓展1】
(1)句首是表示地点等的介词短语且后有不及物动词come, sit, live,stand, lie, exist等或系动词be时,常用完全倒装。(介词短语+不及物动词/系动词be+主语)
(2)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
(3)句首是表示方向、地点、时间的副词(如now, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off等),主语是名词,且谓语动词是be, come, go,rush, run, begin, fall 等词的时候,句子要进行完全倒装。
【知识拓展2】
(1)主语为人称代词时,主语和谓语的语序不变。
(2)完全倒装句中,句子中的谓语动词的单复数要与后面的主语保持一致。
【写作积累】
①Under that tree stands a beautiful girl who is reading a book.
那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘,正在读书。
②Gone are the days when we were lacking in food and clothes.
我们缺衣少食的日子一去不复返了。
12.In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
最终,你会发现自己已逐渐成为一个全面发展的人。
【基础演练】
①When she came into the room, she found them ______________ (sit)together singing.
②But when the police arrived, they found the door ______________ (lock) and all windows closed.
③You will certainly find the exhibition most ______________ (enjoy) and fall in love with the art.
【知识拓展】
(1)find+宾语+adj.(宾语补足语)结构
(2)find+宾语+doing(宾语补足语)结构
(3)find+宾语+done(宾语补足语)结构
【写作积累】
And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
当你静静地坐在角落里拿着一本好书的时候,你可能会发现把你的孩子带到半个小时的故事时间,是很放松的。
I.语法基础：句子成分和句子结构
【图解语法】
词类与句子成分
英语句子的五大基本结构
【语法详解】
句子表达一个完整的意思, 是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分, 每个部分在句中具有一定的功能, 称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。
一、句子基本成分
1. 主语(subject)
主语是一句话的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。
China is firmly determined to safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests.
中国坚决维护国家主权、安全和发展利益。(名词)
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow in experiments using some common vegetables.
他最近的一个项目是用蔬菜做实验让植物发光。(代词)
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
回读一本你读过多遍的书, 感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。(动名词)
Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water. 地球表面的十分之七被水覆盖。(数词)
To harm animals is to harm ourselves. 伤害动物就是伤害我们自己。(动词不定式)
2. 谓语(predicate)
谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. 许多车站的停车场或车站月台入口都有轮椅通道。(简单谓语)
Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大的变化。(复合谓语)
3. 表语(predicative)
表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。
It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
我们很容易在感到有点被误解的一天结束的时候入睡。(形容词)
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
重读的美妙之处在于, 我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。(过去分词)
The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.
夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是50公里竞走, 比马拉松比赛长约5英里。(名词)
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
大多数演讲的目的都是使听众受益。(不定式)
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the bottom line is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.
也许这是一种不合理的恐惧。但底线是我不应该对我的孩子撒谎。(宾语从句)
4. 宾语(object)
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
有过此类伤病史的人在接受这项运动时可能要谨慎一些。(不定式)
Recent studies have found positive effects. 最近的研究发现了积极的影响。(名词)
Why do you follow them? 你为什么要跟随他们? (代词)
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路以来, 我和妻子一直告诉他们, 我们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。(动名词)
5. 宾语补足语(object complement)
有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library.
现在, 我看到我的孩子带着他们的孩子去图书馆。(现在分词)
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.
他已经证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。(名词)
You will find her humorous and easy to get along with.
你会发现她幽默, 容易相处。(形容词)
I can invite my friends to eat doughnuts.
我可以邀请我的朋友们吃甜甜圈。(动词不定式短语)
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage.
他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。(过去分词)
6. 定语(attribute)
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。
There are three books I reread annually. 有三本书我每年重读一遍。(数词)
It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity.
正是这种奇怪的形式使竞走成为如此吸引人的活动。(形容词)
A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。(过去分词)
They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.
在那方面, 它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。(定语从句)
There is nothing to do today. 今天没有事要做。(动词不定式)
7. 状语(adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。
The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.
玩智力游戏的孩子比不玩的表现更好。(副词)
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
研究结果发表在《发育科学》杂志上。(介词短语)
I always read, using different voices. 我总是用不同的声音阅读。(现在分词)
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
无论它是什么, 其结果都是对中亚最纯粹传统的细致而生动的描述。(状语从句)
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
筋疲力尽, 我滑到床上, 很快就睡着了。(形容词)
8. 同位语(appositive)
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. 我是李华, 学生会主席。(名词)
I have the confidence that you’ll have a joyful day. 我有信心你会度过快乐的一天。(同位语从句)
【基础练习】
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
(1)The students got on the school bus. ( )
(2)He handed me the newspaper. ( )
(3)I shall answer your question after class. ( )
(4)What a beautiful Chinese painting! ( )
(5)They went hunting together early in the morning. ( )
(6)His job is to train swimmers. ( )
(7)He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( )
(8)There is going to be an American film tonight. ( )
(9)He found it important to master English. ( )
(10)His wish is to become a scientist. ( )
二、七种基本句型
1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Time flies. 时间飞逝。
Most birds can fly. 大部分鸟类都会飞。
2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
Chris and Tim work at a zoo. 克里斯和提姆在一家动物园工作。
This development did not take place overnight. 这个发展不是一夜之间发生的。
3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
SVO句式的句型特点为: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当), 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。
This can affect your work. 这会影响你的工作。
Little children should not wear masks. 婴幼儿不应戴口罩。
4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语
Andrew Mazoleny is finishing his lunch at the bar. 安德鲁·马佐莱尼正在酒吧吃午饭。
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 我们昨天在农场栽了很多树。
5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。
I will tell you some details. 我将告诉你一些细节。
It gives us a great feeling of peace. 它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。
注：常见的接双宾语的及物动词
(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。
She handed me advice. =She handed advice to me. 她给了我建议。
(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语来表示。
Her father bought her an iPad. =Her father bought an iPad for her.
她爸爸给她买了个 iPad。
(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。
This car cost me 2 000 yuan for the repair. 这次修车花了我两千元。
6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的, 直接跟在宾语之后。
You can make a broom stand upright today.
你今天可以让扫把立起来。
As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.
作为一名高中生, 我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
7. SVP句式: 主语+系动词+表语
SVP句式就是我们常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。
My ideal university is Nanjing University. 我的理想大学是南京大学。
As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study hard.
作为一名高中生, 最重要的任务是努力学习。
【基础练习】按要求翻译下列句子
(1)主谓结构 (主语+不及物动词)
①你应当努力学习。
_______________________________________________________
②她昨天回家很晚。
_______________________________________________________
③那天早上我们谈了很多。
_______________________________________________________
④会议将持续两个小时。
_______________________________________________________
(2)主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
①昨晚我写了一封信。
_______________________________________________________
②今天下午我想同你谈谈。
_______________________________________________________
③这本书他读过多次了。
_______________________________________________________
④他们成功地完成了计划。
_______________________________________________________
(3)双宾语结构(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
①约翰逊先生去年教我们德语。
_______________________________________________________
②奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
_______________________________________________________
③玛丽把钱包交给了校长。
_______________________________________________________
④请把字典递给我好吗?
_______________________________________________________
(4)复合宾语结构(主语+谓语+宾语+补语)
①我们都认为他是诚实的。
_______________________________________________________
②他们推开了门。
_______________________________________________________
③他们把小偷放了。
_______________________________________________________
④我们将使我们的学校更美丽。
_______________________________________________________
II．写作基础：提出建议
黄金写作模板
模板①
Dear________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建议的内容).
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good luck with your________________(祝愿).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
模板②
Dear_______,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to _________________(引出对方需要建议的主题).
Here are a few suggestion(引出作者的建议). First , It is important to ______________. Then, it also helps to ___________. Besides, it should be a good idea to __________. You can also ___________.
(可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下)
As to __________, I suggest _____________(需要具体到某一方面). In addition, _________(其他的建议). I’m sure ______________(预测可能的结果， 给对方以行为的信心和决心).
I hope ____________(表达愿望)。
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
一、常用词汇与句式
第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.
很遗憾听说你在适应新学校方面有困难。这样的问题是很正常的。可能下面的建议会有一些帮助。
2. I have received your letter saying you plan to play a visit to China for ten days next month. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful to you.
我已经收到了你的来信。信上说你打算下个月来参观中国十天。可能下面的建议对你是有帮助的。
3. I'm writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to attract more clients（顾客）.
我给你写信是想说明一下我对于进一步改善我们旅馆的一些想法，以吸引更多顾客。
4. You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese , and I will try to make some suggestions here.
你关于如何学习汉语询问我的建议，那么我就在这里给出一些建议。
5. I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life. Here are a few suggestions.
很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。下面是我的一些建议。
6. I'm very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I'm writing to give you some advice on how to learn English well in high school.
很高兴收到你的电子邮件。现在，关于如何在高中学好英语，我写信给你一些建议。
第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因
套语：
(1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
(3) 下午，我们会一起……
During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
(4) 记得带上水和午餐。
Remember to take water and lunch with you.
(5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 and it will take you directly to the club.
(6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。
I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
(7) 既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
(8) 我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
第三部分：提出建议
套语：
我建议……
I’d like to suggest that…
May I suggest that…?
In my opinion…
I would like to make a recommendation that…
I am writing to advise…
If I were you, I would…
第四部分：希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
套语：
1. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：有志者事竟成。
2. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”(一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”。
3. Best wishes!
（给你）最美好的祝愿！
4. I hope that my suggestions are helpful for you anyway. I would be more than happy to see improvement.
无论如何，我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。我会非常高兴看到情况改善。
5. I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work！
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。无论你决定做什么，祝你学习/工作好运。
6. I sincerely hope my advice will be some help for you. If there is more I can do to help, please let me know.
我真诚的希望我的建议对你有一些帮助。如果有更多我可以帮忙的，请告诉我。
二、写作示例
为了丰富同学们的课外活动, 校学生会决定成立一个自行车俱乐部(Cycling Club), 现向全体学生征求建议。假如你是李华, 请根据以下提示, 用英语写一份关于自行车俱乐部的建议。
1. 自行车俱乐部的目的;
2. 俱乐部的主要活动内容: 每周一次的基础训练, 有教师辅导, 安排在课外体育活动时间;
3. 其他事项: 器材自备, 俱乐部的宣传等。
注意: 1. 建议应包括以上所有信息, 可适当发挥; 2. 词数80个左右。
【写作布局】
【句式构建】
1. 很高兴得知学生会已经决定建立自行车俱乐部。
_______________________________________________________ has decided to set up _______________________________________________________.
2. 我写信提出我的建议。
_______________________________________________________
3. 它应该每周提供一次基础培训。
It should _______________________________________________________.
4. 基础培训将由老师指导。
_______________________________________________________
5. 我们应该充分利用各种方式使所有学生了解我们的俱乐部。
We should _______________________________________________________ to make our club known by all students.
6. 用非谓语动词升级句1和句2
_______________________________________________________
7. 用定语从句升级句3和句4
_______________________________________________________
8. 用被动语态升级句5
_______________________________________________________
【连句成篇】
Dear President,
Yours,
Li Hua
单
词
1. ______________ adj. 潜在的, 可能的
n. 潜力, 可能性
2. ______________ adj. 高级水平的; 年长的; 级别高的
3. ______________ n. &vt. 挑战; 质疑
4. ______________ n. 时机; 机会
5. ______________ n. 努力; 费力的事; 试图
6. ______________ n. 资源, 资料; 谋略
7. ______________ n. 设施; 设备; 场所
8. ______________ n. 态度; 看法
9. ______________ n. 目标; 进球得分
10. ______________ adj. 单独的; 个别的 n. 个人
11. ______________ n. 品质; 性格; 特点; 人物; 角色; 文字
12. ______________ adv. (时间、空间)向前; 提前
13. ______________ adj. 自主的; 有主见的; 自立的
14. ______________ n. 焦点; 重点 v. 集中
15. ______________ vt. 提醒; 使想起
16. ______________ n. 建议, 提议, 动议
17. ______________ n. 技巧; 技能
18. ______________ adj. 职业的; 专业的; 有职业的; 娴熟的, 精通业务的
n. 专门人员; 专业人士
19. ______________ n. 材料; 素材
adj. 物质的; 实际的; 客观存在的
20. ______________ n. 海报; (在网络留言板上)发布消息的人
21. ______________ n. &vt. 交换; 交流; 兑换
22. ______________ n. 主人; 东道主; 主持人
23. ______________ n. 生物学
24. ______________ adj. 艰难的; 严厉的; 坚强的; 坚固的
25. positive adj. 积极乐观的; 良好的; 正面的
→ ______________ adv. 肯定地; 明确地
26. acquire vt. 获得; 得到
→ ______________ n. 取得; 获得
27. advance n. 发展; 前进; 进展
→ ______________ adj. 先进的; 高级的
28. amazing adj. 令人惊异的
→ ______________ adj. 大为惊奇的, 惊讶的
→ ______________ n. 惊异; 惊愕
29. confidence n. 信心; 信任
→ ______________ adj. 自信的; 确信的
30. balance n. 平衡 vt. 使平衡
→ ______________ adj. 平衡的; 和谐的
31. improve vt. 改善, 改进
→ ______________ n. 改进, 改善; 提高
32. responsible adj. 负责的, 可靠的; 有责任的
→ ______________ n. 责任, 职责; 义务
33. detail n. 细节; 具体情况
→ ______________ adj. 详细的, 精细的
34. contribution n. 贡献; 捐献; 投稿
→ ______________ vt. 贡献, 出力; 投稿
35. option n. 选择; 可选择的事物; 选修课
→ ______________ adj. 可选择的, 随意的
36. fortunately adv. 幸运地
→ ______________ adj. 幸运的; 侥幸的
37. attract vt. 吸引; 引起(反应)
→ ______________ n. 吸引, 吸引力
短
语
1. ______________ 起作用, 有影响
2. ______________ 充分利用, 尽情享受
3. ______________ 利用
4. ______________ 最后但同样重要的
5. ______________ 盼望, 期待
6. ______________ 由于
7. ______________ 坚持; 固守, 维持
8. ______________ 随着时间流逝, 久而久之
句
式
结
构
1. can’t wait to do. . . 等不及要做……
The boy ______________.
这个男孩等不及要看电视。
2. v. -ing形式作主语
______________ every day helps you protect your eyesight.
每天做眼保健操有助于保护你的视力。
3. it is important for sb. to do sth.
______________ to make the most of your school resources.
充分利用学校的资源对你们来说很重要。
4. 介词短语提前, 主句倒装
______________ are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的是良好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。
5. find +宾语+宾语补足语
I ______________ because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
我发现数学很容易, 也很有趣, 因为英国的教材难度不如中国的大。
6. as +形容词+名词+ as
The young man spent ______________ with his uncle.
这个年轻人尽可能多地和他叔叔待在一起。
Unit 1 Back to school
Unit 1
话题
学校生活
核心词汇
potential,senior,challenge,opportunity,effort,attitude,individual,character, independent, remind, professional,material,exchange, tough
重点短语
make a difference，make the most of, look forward to,,take advantage of , last but not least, as a result of,stick to,over time
重点句型
1.介词短语+不及物动词/系动词be+主语
2.find+宾语+adj./doing/done(宾语补足语)结构
3.can’t wait to do. . . 等不及要做……
4.v. -ing形式作主语
5.as +形容词+名词+ as
语法
句子成分和句子结构
写作
提出建议
1.challenge n. & vt.挑战 ;质疑
【教材原句】 The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. (P2)
你们面前的路通向一个充满挑战的世界:新环境,新知识和新的思维方式。
【基础演练】
①There will still be lots of ______________(challenge) if we are to classify garbage in a short time.
②I challenge you ______________(race)me across the lake.
③______________ (challenge) work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age.
④After-school activities at school will give you good chances to challenge ______________ (you).
【知识拓展】
face a challenge 面临挑战
meet a challenge 迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
rise to the challenge 接受挑战,奋起迎战
【写作积累】
When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up. 当你面临挑战的时候,你必须相信你能克服它,而且绝不放弃。
2.effort n.努力,费力的事;试图
【教材原句】 Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. (P2) 最重要的是,你们在高中阶段度过的时光和付出的努力将会为你们叩开潜能的大门。
【基础演练】
①I will make every effort ______________(achieve) my goal.
②With their patience and ______________(effort), they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction.
【知识拓展】
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into sth. 在……上花力气
with (an) effort 费力地
without effort 毫不费力地
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
【写作积累】
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment, because it is shared by all the human beings.
我们应不遗余力地美化我们的环境,因为它是全人类共有的。
3.advance n.进步,进展;前进,行进 vt. & vi. 发展,进步
【教材原句】Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!(P3)
谁知道未来你们能创作出哪些精美的艺术品,实现哪些医学突破,或者开发出哪些不可思议的技术!
【基础演练】
①We need to learn ______________(advance) technology from foreign countries.
②She decided to go back to college ______________(advance) her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
【知识拓展】
in advance 预先,事先
in advance of... (时间上)在……前面;(发展上)超前
make an advance/advances in 在……方面取得进展
【写作积累】
①This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。
②As is known to us all, China has made great advances in science and technology in the past decades.
众所周知的是,在过去几十年里,中国在科技方面取得了巨大进步。
4.equal adj. 相等的;平等的;相当的n. 同等的人(物)linking v. 与……相等vt. 比得上
【教材原句】 Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (P3)同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
【基础演练】
①The quality of life in France is ______________(equal) excellent.
②One unit of alcohol is equal ______________ half a pint of beer.
③Don’t you believe in ______________(equal) between men and women?
【知识拓展】
be equal to sth. 相当于某事物;能应付/能胜任……
equal opportunities 机会均等
be equal in... 在……方面平等/相同
equal treatment 平等对待
equal rights 平等权利
equal pay (男女)同工同酬
be without equal/have no equal无敌;无与伦比
【写作积累】
I think I am equal to the job because I can communicate with foreigners in English.
我认为我能胜任这项工作,因为我有能力用英语与外国人交流。
5.remind vt. 提醒,使想起
【教材原句】 This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. (P7)
这会提醒你为了什么而努力,并且让你保持专注。
【基础演练】
①Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me ______________ the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.
② However, her dad ______________(remind) her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
③It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member ______________(take)medicine or taking family photos.
【知识拓展】
(1)remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what... 提醒(某人)……
(2)reminder n. 提示,通知单;提醒人的事物
【写作积累】
The old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.
这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。
6.aim n. 目的,目标vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对
【教材原句】With the aim of raising some money for the local charity, we invited several famous musicians.
为了给当地的慈善机构筹款,我们邀请了几位著名的音乐家。
【基础演练】
①Our aim was ______________(see) if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
②He aims______________ (finish)his journey by mid-July.
③It shows that local governments should have a professional and qualified team, which can offer scientific project evaluation and investment suggestions, to avoid ______________(aim)development.
④Marked on 22 April, Earth Day is an annual event ______________ (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【知识拓展】
(1)with the aim of 旨在;瞄准;致力于……
take aim at 瞄准;盯着;注意到;以……为目标
achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目标
(2)aim at 针对;瞄准;目的在于
aim for 瞄准;以……为目标
aim high 胸怀大志,力争上游;向高处瞄准
aim low 向低处瞄准(尤指拳击比赛中不道德的打法);志向不高
aim to do sth.=aim at doing sth.=be aimed at doing sth.力求做某事;旨在(做)某事
【写作积累】
Our school has held the activity with the aim of encouraging students to read more books.
为了鼓励学生们多读书,我们学校举办了这场活动。
7.exchange n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换
【教材原句】 Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. (P11)
去年,我有机会作为交换在英国的一所中学学习。
【基础演练】
①(2021·浙江高考)On August 5, the number of postcards ______________(exchange) by members topped 31 million.
②I’d like to exchange some pounds ______________dollars.
③Before making a decision, he likes to exchange ideas ______________ his parents.
【知识拓展】
in exchange for 作为对……的交换
have/make an exchange of... 交换……
exchange students 交换生
cultural exchange 文化交流
【写作积累】
We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience and love us most in the world. 我们学生应该经常与我们的父母交流想法,他们经验丰富并且是这个世界上最爱我们的。
8.make a difference起作用,有影响
【教材原句】 The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (P3)
可能性无穷无尽,而且我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭、你们的社区和我们的国家。
【基础演练】
①But does one plastic straw or cup really make ______________difference?
②“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a ______________ (different),” David Bond says.
③I believe such measures will make a difference ______________ your life and study.
【知识拓展】
make a difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物来说有影响/有关系
It makes a difference (to sb.)+wh-从句……(对某人来说)有影响/有关系
make little/no difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某物)几乎没有/没有影响
make some/much difference (to sb./sth.)(对某人/某物)有一些/很大影响
tell the difference 区分/辨别不同
【写作积累】
Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有当我们言行一致时,我们才能在我们希望完成的事情上有所作为。
9.make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受
【教材原句】To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. (P3)
要想全面发挥你们的潜能,充分利用我们学校的资源很重要。
【基础演练】
①So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use ______________a wider vocabulary than ever before.
②She really tries to make ______________ most of herself by dressing well.
【知识拓展】make use of/ take advantage of 利用;使用
make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用
make the best of 充分利用
【写作积累】
I have made up my mind to make the best of every minute to study English.
我决心充分利用每一分钟学习英语。
10.look forward to盼望,期待
【教材原句】 In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and responsible for my own learning. (P5)
事实上,我希望自己能更加独立,对自己的学习更有责任心。
【基础演练】
①Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to ______________ (receive) your earliest reply.
②I often ______________ the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
③I like to ______________ my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.
【知识拓展】look up to 尊敬; 仰视
look into 调查; 观察
look up 抬头看; 查阅
look back on 回忆, 回顾
look out(for...) 注意; 留意
look through 浏览; 仔细查看
11.Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
【基础演练】
Folded in the card ______________ (be) a piece of paper.
【知识拓展1】
(1)句首是表示地点等的介词短语且后有不及物动词come, sit, live,stand, lie, exist等或系动词be时,常用完全倒装。(介词短语+不及物动词/系动词be+主语)
(2)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
(3)句首是表示方向、地点、时间的副词(如now, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off等),主语是名词,且谓语动词是be, come, go,rush, run, begin, fall 等词的时候,句子要进行完全倒装。
【知识拓展2】
(1)主语为人称代词时,主语和谓语的语序不变。
(2)完全倒装句中,句子中的谓语动词的单复数要与后面的主语保持一致。
【写作积累】
①Under that tree stands a beautiful girl who is reading a book.
那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘,正在读书。
②Gone are the days when we were lacking in food and clothes.
我们缺衣少食的日子一去不复返了。
12.In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
最终,你会发现自己已逐渐成为一个全面发展的人。
【基础演练】
①When she came into the room, she found them ______________ (sit)together singing.
②But when the police arrived, they found the door ______________ (lock) and all windows closed.
③You will certainly find the exhibition most ______________ (enjoy) and fall in love with the art.
【知识拓展】
(1)find+宾语+adj.(宾语补足语)结构
(2)find+宾语+doing(宾语补足语)结构
(3)find+宾语+done(宾语补足语)结构
【写作积累】
And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
当你静静地坐在角落里拿着一本好书的时候,你可能会发现把你的孩子带到半个小时的故事时间,是很放松的。
I.语法基础：句子成分和句子结构
【图解语法】
词类与句子成分
英语句子的五大基本结构
【语法详解】
句子表达一个完整的意思, 是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分, 每个部分在句中具有一定的功能, 称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。
一、句子基本成分
1. 主语(subject)
主语是一句话的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。
China is firmly determined to safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests.
中国坚决维护国家主权、安全和发展利益。(名词)
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow in experiments using some common vegetables.
他最近的一个项目是用蔬菜做实验让植物发光。(代词)
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
回读一本你读过多遍的书, 感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。(动名词)
Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water. 地球表面的十分之七被水覆盖。(数词)
To harm animals is to harm ourselves. 伤害动物就是伤害我们自己。(动词不定式)
2. 谓语(predicate)
谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. 许多车站的停车场或车站月台入口都有轮椅通道。(简单谓语)
Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大的变化。(复合谓语)
3. 表语(predicative)
表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。
It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
我们很容易在感到有点被误解的一天结束的时候入睡。(形容词)
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
重读的美妙之处在于, 我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。(过去分词)
The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.
夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是50公里竞走, 比马拉松比赛长约5英里。(名词)
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
大多数演讲的目的都是使听众受益。(不定式)
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the bottom line is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.
也许这是一种不合理的恐惧。但底线是我不应该对我的孩子撒谎。(宾语从句)
4. 宾语(object)
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
有过此类伤病史的人在接受这项运动时可能要谨慎一些。(不定式)
Recent studies have found positive effects. 最近的研究发现了积极的影响。(名词)
Why do you follow them? 你为什么要跟随他们? (代词)
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路以来, 我和妻子一直告诉他们, 我们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。(动名词)
5. 宾语补足语(object complement)
有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library.
现在, 我看到我的孩子带着他们的孩子去图书馆。(现在分词)
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.
他已经证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。(名词)
You will find her humorous and easy to get along with.
你会发现她幽默, 容易相处。(形容词)
I can invite my friends to eat doughnuts.
我可以邀请我的朋友们吃甜甜圈。(动词不定式短语)
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage.
他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。(过去分词)
6. 定语(attribute)
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。
There are three books I reread annually. 有三本书我每年重读一遍。(数词)
It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity.
正是这种奇怪的形式使竞走成为如此吸引人的活动。(形容词)
A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。(过去分词)
They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.
在那方面, 它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。(定语从句)
There is nothing to do today. 今天没有事要做。(动词不定式)
7. 状语(adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。
The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.
玩智力游戏的孩子比不玩的表现更好。(副词)
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
研究结果发表在《发育科学》杂志上。(介词短语)
I always read, using different voices. 我总是用不同的声音阅读。(现在分词)
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
无论它是什么, 其结果都是对中亚最纯粹传统的细致而生动的描述。(状语从句)
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
筋疲力尽, 我滑到床上, 很快就睡着了。(形容词)
8. 同位语(appositive)
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. 我是李华, 学生会主席。(名词)
I have the confidence that you’ll have a joyful day. 我有信心你会度过快乐的一天。(同位语从句)
【基础练习】
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
(1)The students got on the school bus. ( )
(2)He handed me the newspaper. ( )
(3)I shall answer your question after class. ( )
(4)What a beautiful Chinese painting! ( )
(5)They went hunting together early in the morning. ( )
(6)His job is to train swimmers. ( )
(7)He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( )
(8)There is going to be an American film tonight. ( )
(9)He found it important to master English. ( )
(10)His wish is to become a scientist. ( )
二、七种基本句型
1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Time flies. 时间飞逝。
Most birds can fly. 大部分鸟类都会飞。
2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
Chris and Tim work at a zoo. 克里斯和提姆在一家动物园工作。
This development did not take place overnight. 这个发展不是一夜之间发生的。
3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
SVO句式的句型特点为: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当), 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。
This can affect your work. 这会影响你的工作。
Little children should not wear masks. 婴幼儿不应戴口罩。
4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语
Andrew Mazoleny is finishing his lunch at the bar. 安德鲁·马佐莱尼正在酒吧吃午饭。
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 我们昨天在农场栽了很多树。
5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。
I will tell you some details. 我将告诉你一些细节。
It gives us a great feeling of peace. 它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。
注：常见的接双宾语的及物动词
(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。
She handed me advice. =She handed advice to me. 她给了我建议。
(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语来表示。
Her father bought her an iPad. =Her father bought an iPad for her.
她爸爸给她买了个 iPad。
(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。
This car cost me 2 000 yuan for the repair. 这次修车花了我两千元。
6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的, 直接跟在宾语之后。
You can make a broom stand upright today.
你今天可以让扫把立起来。
As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.
作为一名高中生, 我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
7. SVP句式: 主语+系动词+表语
SVP句式就是我们常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。
My ideal university is Nanjing University. 我的理想大学是南京大学。
As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study hard.
作为一名高中生, 最重要的任务是努力学习。
【基础练习】按要求翻译下列句子
(1)主谓结构 (主语+不及物动词)
①你应当努力学习。
_______________________________________________________
②她昨天回家很晚。
_______________________________________________________
③那天早上我们谈了很多。
_______________________________________________________
④会议将持续两个小时。
_______________________________________________________
(2)主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
①昨晚我写了一封信。
_______________________________________________________
②今天下午我想同你谈谈。
_______________________________________________________
③这本书他读过多次了。
_______________________________________________________
④他们成功地完成了计划。
_______________________________________________________
(3)双宾语结构(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
①约翰逊先生去年教我们德语。
_______________________________________________________
②奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
_______________________________________________________
③玛丽把钱包交给了校长。
_______________________________________________________
④请把字典递给我好吗?
_______________________________________________________
(4)复合宾语结构(主语+谓语+宾语+补语)
①我们都认为他是诚实的。
_______________________________________________________
②他们推开了门。
_______________________________________________________
③他们把小偷放了。
_______________________________________________________
④我们将使我们的学校更美丽。
_______________________________________________________
II．写作基础：提出建议
黄金写作模板
模板①
Dear________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建议的内容).
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good luck with your________________(祝愿).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
模板②
Dear_______,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to _________________(引出对方需要建议的主题).
Here are a few suggestion(引出作者的建议). First , It is important to ______________. Then, it also helps to ___________. Besides, it should be a good idea to __________. You can also ___________.
(可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下)
As to __________, I suggest _____________(需要具体到某一方面). In addition, _________(其他的建议). I’m sure ______________(预测可能的结果， 给对方以行为的信心和决心).
I hope ____________(表达愿望)。
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
一、常用词汇与句式
第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.
很遗憾听说你在适应新学校方面有困难。这样的问题是很正常的。可能下面的建议会有一些帮助。
2. I have received your letter saying you plan to play a visit to China for ten days next month. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful to you.
我已经收到了你的来信。信上说你打算下个月来参观中国十天。可能下面的建议对你是有帮助的。
3. I'm writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to attract more clients（顾客）.
我给你写信是想说明一下我对于进一步改善我们旅馆的一些想法，以吸引更多顾客。
4. You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese , and I will try to make some suggestions here.
你关于如何学习汉语询问我的建议，那么我就在这里给出一些建议。
5. I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life. Here are a few suggestions.
很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。下面是我的一些建议。
6. I'm very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I'm writing to give you some advice on how to learn English well in high school.
很高兴收到你的电子邮件。现在，关于如何在高中学好英语，我写信给你一些建议。
第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因
套语：
(1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
(3) 下午，我们会一起……
During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
(4) 记得带上水和午餐。
Remember to take water and lunch with you.
(5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 and it will take you directly to the club.
(6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。
I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
(7) 既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
(8) 我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
第三部分：提出建议
套语：
我建议……
I’d like to suggest that…
May I suggest that…?
In my opinion…
I would like to make a recommendation that…
I am writing to advise…
If I were you, I would…
第四部分：希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
套语：
1. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：有志者事竟成。
2. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”(一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”。
3. Best wishes!
（给你）最美好的祝愿！
4. I hope that my suggestions are helpful for you anyway. I would be more than happy to see improvement.
无论如何，我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。我会非常高兴看到情况改善。
5. I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work！
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。无论你决定做什么，祝你学习/工作好运。
6. I sincerely hope my advice will be some help for you. If there is more I can do to help, please let me know.
我真诚的希望我的建议对你有一些帮助。如果有更多我可以帮忙的，请告诉我。
二、写作示例
为了丰富同学们的课外活动, 校学生会决定成立一个自行车俱乐部(Cycling Club), 现向全体学生征求建议。假如你是李华, 请根据以下提示, 用英语写一份关于自行车俱乐部的建议。
1. 自行车俱乐部的目的;
2. 俱乐部的主要活动内容: 每周一次的基础训练, 有教师辅导, 安排在课外体育活动时间;
3. 其他事项: 器材自备, 俱乐部的宣传等。
注意: 1. 建议应包括以上所有信息, 可适当发挥; 2. 词数80个左右。
【写作布局】
【句式构建】
1. 很高兴得知学生会已经决定建立自行车俱乐部。
_______________________________________________________ has decided to set up _______________________________________________________.
2. 我写信提出我的建议。
_______________________________________________________
3. 它应该每周提供一次基础培训。
It should _______________________________________________________.
4. 基础培训将由老师指导。
_______________________________________________________
5. 我们应该充分利用各种方式使所有学生了解我们的俱乐部。
We should _______________________________________________________ to make our club known by all students.
6. 用非谓语动词升级句1和句2
_______________________________________________________
7. 用定语从句升级句3和句4
_______________________________________________________
8. 用被动语态升级句5
_______________________________________________________
【连句成篇】
Dear President,
Yours,
Li Hua
单
词
1. ______________ adj. 潜在的, 可能的
n. 潜力, 可能性
2. ______________ adj. 高级水平的; 年长的; 级别高的
3. ______________ n. &vt. 挑战; 质疑
4. ______________ n. 时机; 机会
5. ______________ n. 努力; 费力的事; 试图
6. ______________ n. 资源, 资料; 谋略
7. ______________ n. 设施; 设备; 场所
8. ______________ n. 态度; 看法
9. ______________ n. 目标; 进球得分
10. ______________ adj. 单独的; 个别的 n. 个人
11. ______________ n. 品质; 性格; 特点; 人物; 角色; 文字
12. ______________ adv. (时间、空间)向前; 提前
13. ______________ adj. 自主的; 有主见的; 自立的
14. ______________ n. 焦点; 重点 v. 集中
15. ______________ vt. 提醒; 使想起
16. ______________ n. 建议, 提议, 动议
17. ______________ n. 技巧; 技能
18. ______________ adj. 职业的; 专业的; 有职业的; 娴熟的, 精通业务的
n. 专门人员; 专业人士
19. ______________ n. 材料; 素材
adj. 物质的; 实际的; 客观存在的
20. ______________ n. 海报; (在网络留言板上)发布消息的人
21. ______________ n. &vt. 交换; 交流; 兑换
22. ______________ n. 主人; 东道主; 主持人
23. ______________ n. 生物学
24. ______________ adj. 艰难的; 严厉的; 坚强的; 坚固的
25. positive adj. 积极乐观的; 良好的; 正面的
→ ______________ adv. 肯定地; 明确地
26. acquire vt. 获得; 得到
→ ______________ n. 取得; 获得
27. advance n. 发展; 前进; 进展
→ ______________ adj. 先进的; 高级的
28. amazing adj. 令人惊异的
→ ______________ adj. 大为惊奇的, 惊讶的
→ ______________ n. 惊异; 惊愕
29. confidence n. 信心; 信任
→ ______________ adj. 自信的; 确信的
30. balance n. 平衡 vt. 使平衡
→ ______________ adj. 平衡的; 和谐的
31. improve vt. 改善, 改进
→ ______________ n. 改进, 改善; 提高
32. responsible adj. 负责的, 可靠的; 有责任的
→ ______________ n. 责任, 职责; 义务
33. detail n. 细节; 具体情况
→ ______________ adj. 详细的, 精细的
34. contribution n. 贡献; 捐献; 投稿
→ ______________ vt. 贡献, 出力; 投稿
35. option n. 选择; 可选择的事物; 选修课
→ ______________ adj. 可选择的, 随意的
36. fortunately adv. 幸运地
→ ______________ adj. 幸运的; 侥幸的
37. attract vt. 吸引; 引起(反应)
→ ______________ n. 吸引, 吸引力
短
语
1. ______________ 起作用, 有影响
2. ______________ 充分利用, 尽情享受
3. ______________ 利用
4. ______________ 最后但同样重要的
5. ______________ 盼望, 期待
6. ______________ 由于
7. ______________ 坚持; 固守, 维持
8. ______________ 随着时间流逝, 久而久之
句
式
结
构
1. can’t wait to do. . . 等不及要做……
The boy ______________.
这个男孩等不及要看电视。
2. v. -ing形式作主语
______________ every day helps you protect your eyesight.
每天做眼保健操有助于保护你的视力。
3. it is important for sb. to do sth.
______________ to make the most of your school resources.
充分利用学校的资源对你们来说很重要。
4. 介词短语提前, 主句倒装
______________ are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的是良好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。
5. find +宾语+宾语补足语
I ______________ because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
我发现数学很容易, 也很有趣, 因为英国的教材难度不如中国的大。
6. as +形容词+名词+ as
The young man spent ______________ with his uncle.
这个年轻人尽可能多地和他叔叔待在一起。
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