技巧14 如何刻画心理-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练

这是一份技巧14 如何刻画心理-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练，共15页。试卷主要包含了内心独白，从旁叙述，梦境幻觉，动作暗示，神态暗示，语言暗示，感官刺激，环境烘托等内容，欢迎下载使用。


心理描写常用方式
1.内心独白
内心独自是作品中人物语言的表现形式之一，指通过人物的内心表白来揭示人物隐秘的内心世界，充分地展示人物的思想、性格，使读者更深刻地理解人物的思想感情和精神面貌。例如在莎士比亚的《哈姆莱特》中，哈姆莱特那段着名的“生存还是毁灭”的内心独白，是他对于“生”和“死”的思考，表现了他内心的困惑，极具哲理性。
2.从旁叙述
从旁叙述中采用第三人称的方式描写人物心理。在这种写法中，作，作者可以是“全知全能”的。因此，这种方式较少受到时间和空间的约束，作者可以根据自己想法的需要叙述。用第三人称写人物心理时，作者是站在观察者的角度，所以对人物的情感倾向会表现得相对鲜明些，甚至可以进行即时的议论。
3.梦境幻觉
作品中的人物由于现实中无法达到某种目标，于是会陷入空想的心态，而这种心态常通过幻觉或梦境的形式来得到表现。
4.动作暗示
动作是人物的体态语言。抓住某一人物的某一个动作，通过具体描写，表现这个人物的内心世界，这就是动作暗示心理的手法。
5.神态暗示
一个人的神态变化往往是在特殊事态的刺激下产生心理波动。引发脸部表情的变化，所以它始终和人物的心理状况联系在一起。和动作描写一样，成功的神态描写也应该根据表达的目的来选择材料，抓住最值得写的，最能反映出人物内心活动、性格特点的神态来写。
6.语言暗示
鲁迅说：“如果删除了不必要之点，只摘出各人的有特色的谈话来，我想，就可以使别人从谈话里推见每个说话的人物。”这里所说的“各人的有特色的谈话”，就是具有个性特征的语言。抓住人物个性化语言进行描写，就能展示人物的个性特征。
7.感官刺激
“心理学”中将人的感觉分为视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉等几类。在文学作品中只要抓住了人物瞬间的感受，任何一种感觉的描写都可以起到体现人物心理状况的作用。
8.环境烘托
环境描写是指对人物所处的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境描写可以起到烘托人物心理的作用。
心理描写示例
1.表“害怕”的心理
①My thrat tightened and my knees felt weak.
我喉咙发紧，双膝发软。
②I frze with terrr, t scared t mve an inch.
我吓呆了，一动也不动。
2.表“愤怒”的心理
①Her face cluded with anger.
她满脸怒气。
②His vice trembled with anger.
他气得声音发抖。
③He let ut cries f anger.
他发出愤怒的喊声。
3.表“悲伤和绝望”的心理
①His heart sank at the news.
听到这个消息，他的心一沉。
②Overcme with bitter disappintment, he lcked himself up in his rm.
由于极度失望，他把自己锁在房间里。
③He was abruptly thrwn int a wrld f darkness and sank int hpelessness.
他突然被抛进一个黑暗的世界，陷入绝望。
4.表“尴尬、紧张”的心理
Sweat was puring dwn my face.
汗水从我脸上滚落下来。
5.表“震惊”的心理
①She frze with shck, as if rted t the spt.
她吃惊得呆住了，就像在原地生了根似的。
②Her eyes widened further and his muth pened.
她的眼睛睁得更大了，他的嘴张开了。
1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Our church charity in Trnt has a way f assisting thse wh have financial difficulties withut making the receiver feel ashamed r guilty. They ften drpped mney int an ffering bx with nly the name f the receiver n the envelpe.The envelpes are then distributed t thse members withut them knwing the name f the giver.
There came a time when my husband and I were amng thse in need. We did nt talk abut ur financial difficulty with anyne.The nly reasn ur children knew was that we had t cut back n many things. Still, we hped they were nt aware f the extent f ur need, nr f hw much their father and I were suffering because f it.We did nt want t burden them with a prblem they culd d nthing t slve.
Unfrtunately, ur situatin wasn’t imprving, and my husband and I knew that we wuld have t lk fr utside help. Just as we reached the pint f desperatin, ur church gave us a gift envelpe that had been left in the ffering bx.We were verjyed t receive a very large amunt f mney, enugh t bring us thrugh that desperate time.We culdn’t help but wnder wh had given such a generus gift. We were extremely relieved and grateful.
A year later, ur seventeen-year-ld sn was applying fr a student lan s he culd attend university. It was then that we discvered his savings accunt was almst empty.His father and I were very disturbed by this.We had trusted him t put part f his wages frm his part-time jb int the bank twards his educatin.Actually,frm the time he was nine years ld he had been a paper carrier fr The Trnt Star, and he had wrked very hard fr his small earnings t achieve his university dream.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I asked him repeatedly where the mney had gne.
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Several busy days later, there appeared an envelpe in the bx.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Ms. Jhnsn will never frget Chelsea, a wunded sul. Over the years Chelsea had always struggled, bth academically and with self-cnfidence. Additinally, her mther had died after a heric battle with a terminal illness when Chelsea was a fifth grader. As she began her sixth grade, Chelsea was still hurting. Ms. Jhnsn wrried abut her with gd reasn.
Each fall, Ms. Jhnsn takes the students fr a five-day adventure at Wlf Ridge, an envirnmental learning center in the wds f Nrthern Minnesta verlking Lake Superir. The week is filled with learning, team building, and vercming seemingly impssible challenges. They g in Octber, and the turning leaves f trees cme t symblize the changes happening t the students ver the week. The steps and grwth students make at Wlf Ridge becme a metaphr Ms. Jhnsn uses thrughut the year as her students face challenges in the classrm.
The mst difficult activity is the High Adventure Rpes Curse, which stretches frm twer t twer high amngest the treetps frty feet abve the grund. Ms. Jhnsn knew this experience wuld be particularly difficult fr Chelsea.
When it was time fr her t fasten the harness (安全带), Chelsea was already trembling. The harness ffers physical prtectin, but nt much mental cmfrt when nthing but a slippery bard r an unsteady wire is between yur feet and the grund far belw. Chelsea stepped hesitantly nt the Swinging Wd Bridge, and nly after the instructr’s encuragement, slwly made her way acrss its shaky bards up t the first twer. With the supprt f a chaperne (监护人) statined there, she began her way acrss the Burma Bridge, made f merely three wires and straps. Her trembling bdy added t its shaking. Frm dwn belw, her grund partners shuted up supprtively, “Cme n, Chelsea, yu’re ding great!”
Chelsea finally reached the secnd twer and eventually stepped ut nt the next challenge and slwly inched her way acrss.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Nw she faced what fr many is the mst difficult activity: the Single Wire.
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Paragraph 2:
The final challenge is a zip line (滑索), which requires leaping ff the last twer and sliding t the grund.
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3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Riya, an 8-year-ld pupil, lived happily in a big city with her parents, wh lved Riya dearly and did what they culd t buy what she wanted fr her. Riya was smart and excellent in her studies. Nt nly that, she was always ready t help thers.
One day when Riya entered her classrm, she saw a crwd admiring Riya’s friend Mary’s new pen and talking cheerfully. Riya fell in lve with that pen at first glance and desired t get Mary’s permissin t let her use it. Secnds later, the schl bell rang, sending the children hurrying t the schl grunds fr mrning prayers.
After a while, their teacher Grace let Riya fetch sme chalk frm the classrm, in which Riya nce again saw Mary’s delicate pen, lying n the desk elegantly. Riya tk it fndly and went t her desk, ready t write n her bk with the lvely pen when she heard the sund f smene walking by. Withut thinking, she put the pen in her pcket and saw wh it was. Jane, her ther friend, was returning t the classrm. Riya immediately ran ut frm the back dr niselessly and went t the playgrund t pray
The mrning prayers finished, everyne went t class, fllwed by their teacher Grace. The mment Mary fund her pen was missing, she gt annyed. Withut delay, she ran t the frnt and cmplained t Grace, saying in tears, “Smene must have stlen my new pen.”
Having quietened the nisy class, Grace asked them wh was in the classrm during the prayers. Almst everyne pinted at Jane, wh explained she just felt uncmfrtable when praying and came back t rest. Grace asked Jane if she had taken Mary’s new pen, t which Jane said n firmly, insisting she knew nthing abut that pen. But she had nbdy t prve her wrds. Suspected and feeling sad, Jane burst ut crying.
Everything happened fast and unexpectedly befre Riya suddenly realized the pen was still in her pcket. She frze n the spt, afraid f being treated as a thief.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But Riya knew what was the right thing t d.
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Grace ndded and patted Riya n the back with a relieved smile.
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4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lily lved schl. Hwever, there was ne class Lily wrried abut mre than any ther — art. She didn’t knw why she just wasn’t gd at drawing r painting.
Ms. Clay, the art teacher, std in the frnt f the rm. “Bys and girls, an art cmpetitin will be held in ur schl,” she annunced. Ms. Clay was a great teacher, and Lily liked her a lt. But this annuncement made Lily nervus. “Every ne f the 210 students in the schl is required t create a piece f artwrk. Any type f artwrk is welcmed. Next Friday yu will have t hand in yur artwrks.” Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spke while Lily fund herself sinking lwer in her chair.
Lily had the whle weekend t wrk n her artwrk, but she culd nt think f anything t d. On Mnday, Lily felt discuraged, s after schl Lily went t Ms. Clay and asked if there was any pssibility that she wuldn’t enter the cmpetitin.
“I understand it may wrry and upset yu, Lily,” Ms. Clay said. “But just remember: art isn’t always painting r drawing. It can be smething else. I am sure yu can think f smething very creative, and I can’t wait t see it.”
When Lily arrived hme, she sat at the table and was lst in thught. She thught f Ms. Clay’s wrds. “Art isn’t always painting r drawing. It can be smething else.” Staring at her table, suddenly she was attracted t a pair f scissrs and sme paper.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右。
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
At that mment, a gd idea struck her.
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On Friday, Lily went t schl early with her artwrk.
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5．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After watering the trees and grass in ur yard yesterday, I’m pleased t see that it is raining this mrning. The tree and grass are dry and they are dying fr lack f water. We really need sme shwers t give the yard a drink and bring freshness t the air and clness, making the mrning pleasant. There is nthing quite like a rainy day in spring and the simple jys it brings.
In fact, as a by I hated rainy days. They meant that I was stuck in the huse and culdn’t g ut t play. It was nly as the years passed that I realized there culd be n water withut rain and there culd be n life withut water. The truth is that rain is a gift frm nature. Nw I lk at each gentle rainfall with a smile and knw that nature is giving the wrld and us the water we need t live.
Of curse, we all prefer the sunshine after the rain. The sun gives us light. It energizes us. The white cluds and blue skies just naturally make us feel gd. When my thughts are racing, my mther cmes ver. “Henry, yur mrning cffee. It’s raining tday. Why dn’t yu sleep mre?” I smile and say, “Mum, it is a nice day. After the rain, the plants in ur yard will cme alive again. But I have an imprtant thing t d tday.” She seems t understand and says, “G ahead, baby. Have a gd day!”
Maybe rainy days give us a chance t rest tday, and even rest n the fields fr the next day. I knw there wuld be n mrning cffee r afternn tea withut rain. I think when I g ut t help thers in the rain tday, I will send thanks t nature. When the rain falls n my head, it brings me great fun, but it als causes truble fr sme hmeless peple n the streets. On the ther hand, the rain seems t make me a little sad. I decide t walk ut and see if there is anyne in need.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I am walking alng the streets.
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I decide t help the persn in need.
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参考答案
1.
I asked him repeatedly where the mney had gne. At first he wuld nt tell me, which made me even angrier. I wuld nt let the matter alne. I kept hunding him, determined t find ut where the mney had gne. I als asked his ther brthers abut the mney, but n ne knew. Afterwards, I planned t cnsult the bank abut the accunt f my sn. Hwever, I was busy with my wrking, s I didn’t g t the bank all the time.
Several busy days later, there appeared an envelpe in the bx. In the letter, my sn admitted that the year befre he had put his savings in the ffering bx fr his father and me. After reading the letter, I std there speechless, tears filling my eyes. It had taken my sn years t save that mney. He had given it t us willingly—withut telling us what he had dne.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了我和丈夫有一段时间陷入了经济困难，但是没有人知道，孩子们也只是知道我们不断的削减开支，但是情况一直都没有得到改善，在我们快要绝望的时候，我们的教堂送来了一大笔钱，帮助我们渡过了难关。但是我们不知道是谁捐赠的。一年后，我们17岁的儿子为上大学申请学生贷款，在那时，我们发现他的储蓄账户几乎空的，所以我们开始追查儿子的钱到底去了哪里。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我一再问他钱到哪里去了”可知，第一段可描写作者盘问儿子及追查儿子钱到底去了哪里。
②由第二段首句内容“忙了几天之后，盒子里出现了一个信封。”可知，第二段可描写作者的儿子承认自己把钱捐给了父亲和作者，这让作者很感动。
2.续写线索：盘问钱去了哪里——追查——收到一封信——儿子承认捐钱——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.不理会，不注意：let alne/ take n ntice f/ pay n attentin t
②.决定去做：determine t d/decide t d/make up ne’s mind t d
③.承认：admit/ recgnize/ acknwledge
情绪类
①.生气：angry/shw anger/mad
②.流泪：tears filling my eyes / burst int tears
【典型句式】
[高分句型1]. I kept hunding him, determined t find ut where the mney had gne. （由连接词where引导的宾语从句作find ut的宾语）
[高分句型2]. In the letter, my sn admitted that the year befre he had put his savings in the ffering bx fr his father and me.（由that引导的宾语从句和befre引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型3]. He had given it t us willingly—withut telling us what he had dne.（what引导的宾语从句）

Nw she faced what fr many is the mst difficult activity: the Single Wire. Thinking abut the fact that there was nly ne wire, Chelsea was trembling again and afraid t make ne mre step. But hearing the cheers frm her teacher and classmates belw, she gt t gain curage. Hlding the harness tightly, Chelsea began t walk step by step carefully and cautiusly. Finally, she made it.
The final challenge is a zip line (滑索), which requires leaping ff the last twer and sliding t the grund. Staring at the zip line, Chelsea didn’t feel frightened any lnger. Because she fund it is much easier t slide t the grund with the line. She had experienced much tugher activities befre, s she had the faith t g thrugh it. Withut hesitatin, Chelsea slid alng the zip line and landed n the grund safe and sund. All her teacher and classmates applauded fr her and there was a wide smile n her face.
【写作指导】本文是以人物为线索展开，主要描述Jhnsn老师和同学们见证了Chelsea在一个秋天举办的探险活动中重拾信心的故事。
1.段落续写：
①根据第一段首句内容“现在，她面临着对许多人来说最困难的活动：单线。”可知，第一段可描写是切尔西如何成功挑战单线的。
②根据第二段首句内容“最后的挑战是拉链滑索，这需要跳下最后一座塔并滑到地面。”可知，第二段可描写切尔西拉链滑索挑战的情况。
2.续写线索：害怕——鼓励——鼓起勇气——成功
3.词汇激活
行为类
①再迈出一步：make ne mre step/walk a little farther
②成功做到：made it/d sth. successfully
③抓住：Hld/catch hld f
情绪类
①害怕的：frightened/fearful/ afraid
②相信：had the faith/be faithful/believe in
【典型句式】
【高分句型1】Thinking abut the fact that there was nly ne wire, Chelsea was trembling again and afraid t make ne mre step.（由that引导的同位语从句）
【高分句型2】Because she fund it is much easier t slide t the grund with the line.（由Because引导的原因状语从句）
3．
But Riya knew what was the right thing t d. Nervus and anxius as she was, Riya tk curage t walk tward Jane, standing in frnt f her and saying in an aplgetic vice, “Srry, Jane, it was I that made yu misunderstd by thers.” Then, Riya turned arund t tell Grace what was the truth and claimed that the misunderstanding was caused by her incnsideratin. She aplgized t Mary with head bwed and tears running dwn her cheeks, asking sincerely, “I am really srry fr using the new pen withut yur permissin. But I did nt d it n purpse.Culd yu please frgive me?” After her wrds, the air in the classrm seemed t be still like dead water.
Grace ndded and patted Riya n the back with a relieved smile. She cleared her thrat, uttering, “Riya, I am s tuched by yur hnesty and curage. Yu are a gd girl.” She als expressed her aplgy t Jane and cmfrted her. She tld the whle class that making a mistake was nt terrible and that the curage t admit it truly cunted. Apparently, Riya set a gd example fr everyne else. Since it was a misunderstanding, Mary grinned understandingly at Riya and replied, “I frgive yu and I’d like t share this new pen with yu.” Hearing her wrds, Riya culdn’t help hugging Mary. It was at that time that Riya came t realize what mattered mst was nt the mistake made by her but hnesty and curage t take the blame fr it.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Riya因为很欣赏朋友Mary的钢笔，而想拿Mary的钢笔写下她的名字，结果突然Jane走进教室，慌乱之下的Riya赶紧把笔放进口袋里。于是一场误会就此产生，Jane被当作小偷。当然，Riya最终勇敢地解决了这场误会。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但Riya知道什么是正确的做法。”可知，第一段可描述Riya勇敢地承认是她拿了Mary的新钢笔，并向Mary她们解释事情的经过及寻求原谅。
②由第二段首句内容“Grace点点头，拍了拍Riya的背，欣慰地笑了。”可知，第二段可描述Grace赞赏Riya的诚实和勇敢，并告诉大家诚实面对错误的勇气以及误会消除了。
2.续写线索：坦白——承认拿笔——道歉——希望获得原谅——Grace赞赏——教导大家——和解——误会消除——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①向前走：walk tward/step tward/head tward
②道歉：aplgize/make an aplgy
③拥抱：hug her/give her a hug
情绪类
①紧张的：nervus/tense
②感动的：tuched/mved
【典型句式】
[高分句型1] Then, Riya turned arund t tell Grace what was the truth and claimed that the misunderstanding was caused by her incnsideratin.（由what引导宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2] She tld the whle class that making a mistake was nt terrible and that the curage t admit it truly cunted.（由that引导的宾语从句）
4．Para. 1:
At that mment, a gd idea struck her. Why nt make a paper-cutting? She remembered Grandma Li next dr culd make sme lifelike paper-cuttings. Lily jumped with jy at the thught. “I can ask Grandma Li t teach me t make paper-cuttings!” She grabbed the scissrs and ran ut. Fr the next few days, the mment Lily went back frm schl, she went t learn paper-cuttings frm Grandma Li. She was very excited when her artwrk was finally cmpleted.
Para. 2:
On Friday, Lily went t schl early with her artwrk. The bell rang and Ms. Clay stepped in. “Are yur artwrks ready?” Lily and her classmates answered ludly “Yes!”. Seeing Lily sitting in her chair cnfidently, Ms. Clay went t her and gently picked up her paper-cutting—several children playing in the garden. “Hw creative yur artwrk is!” Ms. Clay said and gave Lily a thumbs-up. Lily felt very prud and thught, “Maybe I can make an artist in the future.”
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了莉莉不擅长绘画，但是学校将要举行一场艺术比赛，每个人都要参加。莉莉感到气馁，但老师还是鼓励她参加比赛。最终莉莉想到了剪纸，拿到学校后得到了老师的夸奖。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“就在这时，她想到了一个好主意。”可知，第一段可描写莉莉的主意是让隔壁的李奶奶教自己剪纸，完成了作品。
②由第二段首句内容“星期五，莉莉带着她的艺术作品很早就去上学了。”可知，第二段可描写莉莉把作品带到学校后的事情。
2.续写线索：想到好主意——找李奶奶学习剪纸——完成作品——带着作品去学校——得到夸奖——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
回来：g back /return
完成：cmplete/accmplish
回答：answer/reply
情绪类
快乐：jy /pleasure
激动：excited /thrilled
【典型句式】
[高分句型1] Fr the next few days, the mment Lily went back frm schl, she went t learn paper-cuttings frm Grandma Li. (运用了the mment引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Seeing Lily sitting in her chair cnfidently, Ms. Clay went t her and gently picked up her paper-cutting—several children playing in the garden. (运用了现在分词作状语)
5．参考范文：
I am walking alng the streets. I find that there is nly a “hmeless” persn tday. The rainy weather makes his situatin mre difficult. He just has a wrn-ut tent which is leaking everywhere. I decide t d smething fr him. S I buy a new tent, a raincat, an umbrella t keep ut the rain. He is very grateful and says. “Thanks, sir. I just lse cntact with my family at present. I dn’t have much cash n me and my cell phne has run ut.”
I decide t help the persn in need. S I ask him fr his family’s phne number and call them. I als give him sme mney and a prtable charger. He thinks I am the kindest persn in the wrld fr him. The sun cmes ut after the rain as usual. Then I walk, chat, and share my feelings abut rain and my experiences n rainy days with him. When he is n his way hme, he says he will help peple in need as I d. I hpe the kindness will be passed n.
【写作指导】本文以事物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候不喜欢雨天，几年后，意识到没有雨就没有水，没有水就没有生命，于是作者想到在雨中出去帮助别人，向大自然表达感谢。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我正沿着街道走。”可知，第一段可描写作者遇到想要帮助的人并且帮助了他。
②由第二段首句内容“我决定帮助有需要的人。”可知，第二段可描写作者帮助了那个人，而那个人也要像作者一样帮助其他人，把善意传递下去。
2.续写线索：遇到无家可归的人——帮助——给钱和充电器——分享经历——传递善意
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.决定做某事：decide t d/make up ne’s mind t d/make a decisin t d
②.失去联系：lse cntact with / lse tuch with/ ut f tuch
③.用完：run ut/ use up
情绪类
①.感谢：shwing his appreciatin/shw his gratitude/be grateful
②.善良的：kind/ kind-hearted/ virtuus
【典型句式】
[高分句型1]. He just has a wrn-ut tent which is leaking everywhere. （由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. When he is n his way hme, he says he will help peple in need as I d.（由when引导的时间状语从句）