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高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration优秀课后作业题
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这是一份高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration优秀课后作业题，共19页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Big Space Events T Put In Yur Calendar Fr 2022
MAY — CHINA’S SPACE STATION GETS BIGGER
May will see the launch f a new mdule fr the Tiangng space statin, China’s “Palace in the sky”. Its first cre mdule, Tianhe was launched last April. The next mdule will be Wentian, a labratry expected t launch between May and June. It will als serve as a backup cre mdule and the place where future spacewalks frm the taiknauts will take place. It will be fllwed by a secnd labratry mdule, Mengtian, in August-September.
JUNE — INDIA’S SPACECRAFT TAKES ITS FIRST FLIGHT
ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organizatin, has annunced that Gaganyaan (which translates t Sky Craft) will have is first unscrewed fight in June. The craft is panned t be a key vehicle in the Indian Human Spaceflight Prgram and, all ging well in this test; it will be fllwed by a crewed test next year.
JULY — RUSSIA EYES THE MOONAGAIN
Russia’s Luna prgram had many successes with landers, rvers, and even sample returns, and Luna 25 is expected t fllw in that traditin accrding t Russian Space Agency, Rscms. The missin this fine is just a lander expected t tuch dwn near the Lunar Suth Ple with instruments designed t study the sil. The lcatin might be a pssible area f interest fr a permanent base n the Mn.
AUGUST — MORE LUNAR MISSIONS
August will see the launch f the Krea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, a panned lunar rbiter by the Krea Aerspace Research Institute (KARI). This will be the first Krean Lunar Missin, a technlgy demnstratin fr KARI.
1．Which cuntry will carry ut multiple space tasks this year?
A．China.B．India.C．Russia.D．Krea.
2．What d we knw abut Luna 25?
A．It will perate in lw lunar rbit.B．It will take a land n the Mn.
C．It will serve as a permanent base.D．It will take its first crewed flight.
3．When is the first Krean Lunar Missin scheduled?
A．In May.B．In June.C．In July.D．In August.
B
An 82-year-ld Chinese female pilt has set a recrd in the cuntry's airline industry (航空业) after flying a small plane fr 40 minutes in Beijing. Mia Xiahng, ne f China's secnd batch (一批) f female pilts, cntrlled the Tecnam P2010 plane t take ff, turn, climb, dive and land safely at the Shifsi Airprt in Pinggu District f Bejjing.
In 1956, Mia Xiahng, wh graduated frm a high schl in Jinan, wn a psitin in the secnd batch. She graduated frm the flight schl in 1958. In the fllwing years, she flew many imprtant missins (任务). In 1963, she accepted a missin t airdrp materials fr the fld-stricken areas in Hebei Prvince. Pr visibility (能见度) prevented her lcating the target areas as the cluds were abut 100 meters abve the grund, but she managed t finish the task.
In 1989, she retired and started her writing carer. When she cllected materials fr her bks, she fund that many aged pilts in ther cuntries still flew, s she had the idea t return t the sky. T prepare fr the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and mved her arms t meet the requirements fr high-altitude flight during the past tw mnths. Different frm past flights fr missins, this time her gal was t enjy the flight. She said that it was exciting and fresh. “Seeing the bundless blue sky unfld in frnt f me, I feel it is very pen,” she said.
The trainer said that Mia Xiahng culd finish 30 hurs f flight t get a license fr cmmercial flight. She said, “My physical cnditin is gd enugh t finish the 30-hur flight but it is nt s imprtant fr me t get such a license. After achieving my dream f returning t the sky, I hpe t encurage yung wmen t jin the airline industry. I'm 82 years ld and I can fly again. Yu, the yung peple, can fly and will fly better than me.”
4．What can we learn frm the airdrp missin carried ut by Mia Xiahng?
A．She was a very lucky pilt.B．She had excellent flying skills.
C．She suffered frm pr eyesight.D．She always finished hard tasks.
5．What made Mia Xiahng have the idea f flying a plane at the age f 82?
A．Her deep lve fr sky.B．Her wish t set a flying recrd.
C．The influence f ther aged pilts.D．The requirements f her bks.
6．Which f the fllwing wrd can best describe Mia Xiahng?
A．Faithful.B．Stubbrn.C．Generus.D．Determined.
7．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．Returning t the Blue SkyB．Imprving Yur Flight Skills
C．Managing t Finish Difficult TasksD．Imprving Yurself t Set a Recrd
C
T say that the face f aviatin (航空) has changed beynd recgnitin ver the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With abut 500, 000 peple in the air at any given time tday, flying has becme a much mre accessible mde f transprt than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying t wealthy passengers.
The inside f aircraft has changed dramatically t. Cabins (机舱) in the 1920s were lud and cld as planes were cnstructed f metal sheets that did nt preserve heat.
While the very first scheduled cmmercial passenger service set ff between Tampa, Finland and St Petersburg in 1914, it tk until the 1920s fr cmmercial fights t really gain grund. The lack f cmmercial activity in aviatin was reflected in the state f wrld airprts at the turn f the 1920s, with the vast majrity simply being pen dirt fields. Hydrgen- fuelled (以氢为燃料的) airships began t appear in the skies in large numbers after the clse f the First Wrld War in 1919, and it was with the help f these aviatic giants that wrld flying recrds were brken.
By 1929, the first rund-the-wrld fight was cmpleted by the German- made Graf Zeppelin, which tk 12 days acrss fur stages. Owing t repeated deadly accidents hydrgen-fuelled airships were sn phased ut. 1922 saw the first aerial crssing f the Suth Atlantic by tw Prtuguese pilts wh flew frm Lisbn t Ri de Janeir in stages. It tk them 79 days t cmplete the 5, 200-mile jurney. Tday, a direct flight takes just ver nine hurs.
COVID-19 saw cmmercial air traffic decline t recrd lws, but as travel picks up again the pressure ver the future f air travel remains t be climate change. As envirnmentally cnscius travellers lk twards train r bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting t Sustainable (可持续的) Aviatin Fuel.
8．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements is true?
A．Cmmercial flights gained grund in 1914.
B．The ticket fr a flight is much mre affrdable nw.
C．Planes used t be prly cnstructed t save the cst.
D．Flying was a ppular means f transprt in the 1920s.
9．What dcs the underlined wrds “phased ut” in paragraph 4 prbably mean? .
A．Imprved.B．Cancelled.C．Used.D．Brken.
10．In which sectin f a magazine might this passage appear?
A．Travel.B．Technlgy.C．Envirnment.D．Entertainment
11．What’s the authr’s writing purpse?
A．T advertise mre accessible and sustainable flights.
B．T praise human beings’ great achievements in flying,
C．T intrduce the develpment f the aviatin industry.
D．T analyze the challenges faced by cmmercial flights.
D
Space explratin, investigatin, by means f crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, f the reaches f the universe beynd Earth’s atmsphere and the use f the infrmatin s gained t increase knwledge f the csms and benefit humanity.
Humans have always lked at the heavens and wndered abut the nature f the bjects seen in the night sky. With the develpment f rckets and the advances in electrnics and ther technlgies in the 20th century, it became pssible t send machines and animals and then peple abve Earth’s atmsphere int uter space. Well befre technlgy made these achievements pssible, hwever, space explratin had already captured the minds f many peple, nt nly aircraft pilts and scientists but als writers and artists. The strng hld that space travel has always had n the imaginatin may well explain why prfessinal astrnauts and laypeple alike cnsent at their great peril, in the wrds f Tm Wlfe in The Right Stuff (1979), t sit “n tp f an enrmus Rman candle, such as a Redstne, Atlas, Titan r Saturn rcket, and wait fr smene t light the fuse.” It perhaps als explains why space explratin has been a cmmn and enduring theme in literature and art. As centuries f speculative fictin in bks and mre recently in films make clear,“ne small step fr a man, ne giant leap fr mankind” was taken by the human spirit many times and in many ways befre Neil Armstrng stamped humankind’s first ftprint n the Mn.
Achieving spaceflight enabled humans t begin t explre the slar system and the rest f the universe, t understand the many bjects and phenmena that are better bserved frm a space perspective, and t use fr human t benefit the resurces and attributes f the space envirnment. All f these activities—discvery, scientific understanding, and the applicatin f that understanding t serve human purpses—are elements f space explratin.
12．What is the functin f the first paragraph?
A．Identificatin.
B．Demnstratin.
C．Clarificatin.
D．Definitin.
13．Which f the fllwing has nt been sent int space?
A．Machines.
B．Peple.
C．Animals.
D．War.
14．Hw did peple get t space befre real space explratin?
A．By using their imaginatin.
B．By reading fictinal bks.
C．By visiting space museums.
D．By using their telescpes.
15．What is the authr’s attitude twards the space activities?
A．NegativeB．BeneficialC．HarmfulD．Superb
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
China welcmed three heric astrnauts hme n April 16. The re-entry mdule carrying astrnauts tuched dwn safely at the Dngfeng Landing Site in Inner Mnglia autnmus regin. This ended the Shenzhu XIII astrnauts’ six-mnth space missin. This return marks a majr breakthrugh fr China’s effrts in space. ____16____
Speed recrd
The missin set a new speed recrd. The Shenzhu XII return capsule revlved arund the Earth 11 times ver 24 hurs. ____17____ The Shenzhu XIII missin was simplified t nly five rbits and was designed t return mre efficiently, accrding t the Chinese Academy f Space Technlgy.
____18____It als needed mre accurate rbital calculatins. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it culd quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Ya’nan, editr-in-chief f Beijing-based Aerspace Knwledge magazine, tld the Glbal Times.
Temperature cntrl
Anther challenge fr astrnauts returning t Earth is traveling thrugh the atmsphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmsphere, there is fierce frictin with the air. ____19____ T slve this prblem, the researchers designed a heat-resistant cating n the surface f the Shenzhu XIII return capsule. They als laid a layer f a special material that takes away the heat.
Landing
The re-entry capsule landed upright in the right area. Such a landing psitin is rare in China’s space flight histry. ____20____ T achieve this, astrnauts must perate and let g f parachute (降落伞) with accurate timing. Landing upright is the ideal way t land, ensuring astrnauts have the sftest landing, Pang Zhiha, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing, tld Science and Technlgy Daily.
A．We have made great effrts t land successfully fr years.
B．Let’s lk at sme f the technical details f the missin.
C．Sme strategies may help yu better understand the missin.
D．This apprach required mre precise cntrl f the spacecraft.
E．The surface temperature f the capsule can reach thusands f degrees.
F．Shenzhu XIII shrtened the time t abut 9 hurs, rbiting Earth five times.
G．S far, nly Shenzhu VI and Shenzhu XIII have achieved an upright landing.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In September 2016, six peple came ut frm a small slar-pwered building n the side f a vlcan in Hawaii. They were ____21____ f a simulated (模拟的) missin t Mars, and they had been living in the building fr nearly ne year, ____22____ frm the rest f the wrld.
This missin t Mars was part f an nging ____23____ t see hw peple wuld deal with the challenges f living n anther planet. Based n the ____24____ f the experiment s far, here are fur abilities yu wuld need t ____25____ n Mars.
The first is Resurcefulness (足智多谋). When the water system brke, the grup had tw ____26____. They culd figure ut hw t fix it r they culd ____27____ mnths fr supplies t be delivered frm “Earth”—by which pint they wuld be dead. S they ____28____ it themselves.
The secnd is Imaginatin. The grup members have said bredm was a majr ____29____. On Mars, yu wuldn’t have Netflix r Xbx, s yu’d have t _____30_____ ther frms f entertainment (娱乐活动).
The third is Tlerance (宽容). The building is nly a quarter f the size f a basketball curt. If yu’re _____31_____ annyed by peple, life n Mars might nt be fr yu. Whether eating, wrking, exercising, r relaxing, yu wuld hardly be _____32_____.
The last is Independence. During a missin, there is n real-time _____33_____ between the grup and anyne n “Earth.” They have email, _____34_____ messages are n a 20-minute delay (延迟), simulating hw lng it wuld take messages t _____35_____ between Earth and Mars. S yu wuld be remved frm the lives f yur lved nes back n Earth.
21．A．captainsB．membersC．astrnautsD．directrs
22．A．pulledB．kept freeC．prtectedD．cut ff
23．A．explanatinB．hlidayC．experimentD．game
24．A．resultsB．riginsC．wishesD．requirements
25．A．refuseB．cpyC．argueD．survive
26．A．tasksB．chicesC．dreamsD．cnditins
27．A．spreadB．prepareC．waitD．leave
28．A．fixedB．wateredC．calledD．planted
29．A．desireB．habitC．abilityD．challenge
30．A．limitB．frgetC．findD．leap
31．A．hardlyB．easilyC．secretlyD．suddenly
32．A．alneB．pliteC．successfulD．nrmal
33．A．cmmunicatin B．systemC．teachingD．meeting
34．A．sB．butC．ifD．unless
35．A．escapeB．walkC．travelD．change
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many cuntries spend large amunts f mney and time ___36___(explre) space. Sme peple are cnvinced that it’s ___37___ waste f time and mney.___38___, thers think space explratin is f great significance. Firstly, it has helped rid the wrld ___39___ hunger. Many satellites ___40___ (rbit) Earth can recrd data n land and weather patterns ___41___(prvide) useful advice fr farmers. Secndly, space explratin needs advanced technlgy t make high-end prducts, ___42___ has prmted technlgical imprvements. Finally, because ur planet’s ___43___(resurce) are insufficient, scientists are trying t find ther planets that culd be ur new hme in the future. In clsing, explring space ___44___(benefit) the wrld in many ways. By ding this, we can find mre and ____45____(gd ) slutins t ur prblems.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假设你是新华中学的学生李华，2022年3月23日你和同学一起观看了神舟十三号航天员天宫授课，请你发送一封电子邮件给三位宇航员。
内容包括：
1.感谢宇航员们的精彩授课；
2.观看太空授课后的收获和感想；
3.祝愿宇航员凯旋归来。
注意：
1.词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear astrnauts,
I’m Li Hua frm Xinhua Middle Schl.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
That night, I quarreled with my mther, then strmed ut f the huse. While n the rad, I remembered that I did nt have any mney in my pcket, I did nt even take my cell phne with me t make a call hme.
$At the same time, I went thrugh a ndle shp, and I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished fr a bwl f ndles, but I had n mney!
The seller saw me standing befre the cunter and asked, “Hey little girl, yu want t eat a bwl?”
“But … but I d nt carry mney …” I shyly replied.
“Okay, I’ll treat yu.” the seller said, “cme in, I will ck yu a bwl.”
A few minutes later the wner brught me a steaming bwl f ndles. After eating sme pieces, I cried.
“What is it?” He asked.
“Nthing. I am just tuched by yur kindness!” I said as I wiped my tears. “Even a stranger n the street gives me a bwl f ndles, and my mther, after a quarrel, chased me ut f the huse. She is cruel (残忍的)!!”
The seller sighed, “Girl, why did yu think s? Think again. I nly gave yu a bwl f ndles and yu felt that way. Yur mther has been taking care f yu since yu were little, why were yu nt grateful and why did yu hurt yur mm?”
I was really surprised after hearing that.
Why did I nt think f that? A bwl f ndles frm a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mther has raised me since I was little and I have never felt s, nt even a little.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
Just at that mment, many memries came back int my mind.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When arriving hme, I saw my mther sitting at the dinner table, wrried and tired.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要内容是2022年大型太空活动的日历。日历中，主要介绍了中国、韩国、俄罗斯和印度四国在2022年间的太空计划。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一个板块“May will see the launch f a new mdule fr the Tiangng space statin, China’s “Palace in the sky”. Its first cre mdule, Tianhe was launched last April. The next mdule will be Wentian, a labratry expected t launch between May and June. It will als serve as a backup cre mdule and the place where future spacewalks frm the taiknauts will take place. It will be fllwed by a secnd labratry mdule, Mengtian, in August-September.”(5月将看到中国“空中宫殿”天宫空间站新模块的发射。它的第一个核心模块天河于去年四月推出。下一个模块将是问天，这是一个预计在5月至6月之间启动的实验室。它还将作为备用核心模块，也是未来宇航员太空行走的地方。紧随其后的是第二个实验室模块，梦天，在8月至9月。)可知，中国将进行空中宫殿、问天、梦天等系列的航天任务。A项“China”(中国)符合题意，故选A项。
2．细节理解题。文章第三个版块“Russia’s Luna prgram had many successes with landers, rvers, and even sample returns, and Luna 25 is expected t fllw in that traditin accrding t Russian Space Agency, Rscms. The missin this fine is just a lander expected t tuch dwn near the Lunar Suth Ple with instruments designed t study the sil. The lcatin might be a pssible area f interest fr a permanent base n the Mn.”(俄罗斯的Luna计划在着陆器、探月车甚至样本返回方面取得了许多成功，据俄罗斯航天局 Rscms 称，预计Luna 25 将遵循这一传统。这项任务只是一个着陆器，预计将在月球南极附近着陆，配备用于研究土壤的仪器。该位置可能是在月球上建立永久基地的一个可能感兴趣的区域。)可知Luna 25将在月球南极附近着陆。B项“It will take a land n the Mn.”(它将登陆月球。)符合原文表述，故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一个版块“August will see the launch f the Krea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, a panned lunar rbiter by the Krea Aerspace Research Institute (KARI). This will be the first Krean Lunar Missin, a technlgy demnstratin fr KARI.”(8月将看到韩国探路者月球轨道器的发射，这是一个由韩国航空航天研究所 (KARI) 制造的平移月球轨道器。这将是韩国首次登月任务，是KARI的技术演示。)可知，韩国计划在8月实施第一次登月任务。D项“In August”(在8月)符合题意，故选D项。
4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名82岁的中国女飞行员苗晓红在北京驾驶一架小型飞机飞行40分钟后，创造了中国航空业的一项记录。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句“In 1963, she accepted a missin t airdrp materials fr the fld-stricken areas in Hebei Prvince. Pr visibility prevented her lcating the target areas as the cluds were abut 100 meters abve the grund, but she managed t finish the task.(1963年，她接受了河北省洪涝灾区空投物资的任务。由于云层离地面约100米，能见度很低，无法确定目标区域，但她成功地完成了任务)”可推知，苗晓红的空投任务的圆满完成体现出了她高超的飞行技术。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“When she cllected materials fr her bks, she fund that many aged pilts in ther cuntries still flew, s she had the idea t return t the sky.(当她为她的书收集材料时，她发现其他国家的许多老飞行员还在飞行，所以她有了回到天空的想法)”可知，她是受许多老飞行员的影响，才有了重回天空的想法。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三句“T prepare fr the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and mved her arms t meet the requirements fr high-altitude flight during the past tw mnths.(为了准备飞行，她在过去的两个月里，为了满足高空飞行的要求，每天走3000步，移动手臂)”可知，苗晓红是一个非常有决心的人。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“After achieving my dream f returning t the sky, I hpe t encurage yung wmen t jin the airline industry.(在实现了我重返天空的梦想后，我希望鼓励年轻女性加入航空行业)”结合全文可知，本文主要是在介绍82岁的中国女飞行员苗晓红重返天空并取得优异成绩的故事和经历。由此可知，Returning t the Blue Sky(重返蓝天)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了航空业的发展过程。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“With abut 500, 000 peple in the air at any given time tday, flying has becme a much mre accessible mde f transprt than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying t wealthy passengers.(如今，在任何特定的时间都有大约50万人在空中飞行，与20世纪20年代相比，飞行已经成为一种更容易获得的交通方式，当时极高的费用限制富裕乘客乘坐飞机)”可推知，飞机已经不再是富人专享的交通工具，机票的费用越来越低，越来越多的人可以支付机票的费用。故选B。
9．短语猜测题。根据“Owing t repeated deadly accidents(由于多次发生致命事故)”可知，由于多次发生致命事故，所以氢燃料飞机不久就被取消了，所以phase ut的意思为“取消”。故选B。
10．文章出处题。根据第一段“T say that the face f aviatin (航空) has changed beynd recgnitin ver the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With abut 500, 000 peple in the air at any given time tday, flying has becme a much mre accessible mde f transprt than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying t wealthy passengers.(在过去的一百年里，航空业的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是准确的，但仍然是轻描淡写的说法。如今，在任何特定的时间都有大约50万人在空中飞行，与20世纪20年代相比，飞行已经成为一种更容易获得的交通方式，当时极高的费用限制富裕乘客乘坐飞机)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了航空的发展过程，而飞机是人们出行的交通方式，所以本篇文章最有可能出自杂志中有关旅游的部分。故选A。
11．目的意图题。根据第一段第一句话“T say that the face f aviatin (航空) has changed beynd recgnitin ver the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. (在过去的一百年里，航空业的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是准确的，但仍然是轻描淡写的说法)”以及最后一段最后一句话“As envirnmentally cnscius travellers lk twards train r bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting t Sustainable (可持续的) Aviatin Fuel.(随着有环保意识的旅客将火车或公共汽车旅行视为替代品，航空公司已开始采取措施，如转向可持续航空燃料)”可知，本文主要的意图是介绍航空业的发展。故选C。
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对太空的探索。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Space explratin, investigatin, by means f crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, f the reaches f the universe beynd Earth’s atmsphere and the use f the infrmatin s gained t increase knwledge f the csms and benefit humanity.(利用载人和无人飞船对地球大气层以外的宇宙范围进行空间探索和调查，并利用由此获得的信息增进对宇宙的认识，造福人类。)”及全文可推断，第一段作者阐明了人类对太空探索的事实。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“With the develpment f rckets and the advances in electrnics and ther technlgies in the 20th century, it became pssible t send machines and animals and then peple abve Earth’s atmsphere int uter space.(随着20世纪火箭的发展、电子技术和其他技术的进步，把机器和动物，然后把人送到地球大气层外的太空成为可能。)”可知，送到太空的有机器、动物和人。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Well befre technlgy made these achievements pssible, hwever, space explratin had already captured the minds f many peple, nt nly aircraft pilts and scientists but als writers and artists. The strng hld that space travel has always had n the imaginatin may well explain why prfessinal astrnauts and laypeple alike cnsent at their great peril, in the wrds f Tm Wlfe in The Right Stuff (1979), t sit “n tp f an enrmus Rman candle, such as a Redstne, Atlas, Titan r Saturn rcket, and wait fr smene t light the fuse.” It perhaps als explains why space explratin has been a cmmn and enduring theme in literature and art. (然而，早在科技使这些成就成为可能之前，太空探索就已经吸引了许多人的注意力，不仅是飞行员和科学家，而且还有作家和艺术家。太空旅行一直以来都是人们想象中的一部分，这很好地解释了为什么专业宇航员和门外行人都同意冒着巨大的危险，用汤姆·沃尔夫在《太空英雄》(1979)中的话说，“坐在一个巨大的罗马蜡烛上，比如红石、阿特拉斯、泰坦或土星火箭，等待有人点燃引信。”这也许也解释了为什么太空探索一直是文学和艺术中一个普遍而持久的主题。)”可知，在真正的太空探索之前，人类是通过读虚构的书到达太空的。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Achieving spaceflight enabled humans t begin t explre the slar system and the rest f the universe, t understand the many bjects and phenmena that are better bserved frm a space perspective, and t use fr human t benefit the resurces and attributes f the space envirnment. All f these activities—discvery, scientific understanding, and the applicatin f that understanding t serve human purpses—are elements f space explratin. (航天的实现使人类开始探索太阳系和宇宙的其他部分，更好地了解从空间角度观察到的许多物体和现象，并利用空间环境的资源和属性为人类造福。所有这些活动——发现、科学认识以及应用这些认识为人类服务——都是太空探索的要素。)”可推断，作者认为太空活动是有益的。故选B。
16．B 17．F 18．D 19．E 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十三号的一些任务技术细节。
16．根据上文“China welcmed three heric astrnauts hme n April 16. The re-entry mdule carrying astrnauts tuched dwn safely at the Dngfeng Landing Site in Inner Mnglia autnmus regin. This ended the Shenzhu XIII astrnauts’ six-mnth space missin. This return marks a majr breakthrugh fr China’s effrts in space.(4月16日，中国迎来了三名英勇的宇航员。搭载宇航员的返回舱在内蒙古自治区的东风着陆点安全着陆。这结束了神舟十三号宇航员为期六个月的太空任务。这次返回标志着中国太空努力的重大突破)”结合后文主要介绍了这次任务的一些细节情况，故B选项“让我们看看这次任务的一些技术细节”符合语境，故选B。
17．根据上文“The missin set a new speed recrd. The Shenzhu XII return capsule revlved arund the Earth 11 times ver 24 hurs.(这次任务创造了新的速度记录。神舟十二号返回舱在24小时内绕地球旋转了11圈)”可知，上文介绍了神舟十二号的飞行数据，且提到这次任务创造了记录，可见本句是在说明神舟十三号的飞行情况，故F选项“神舟十三号将时间缩短到9小时左右，绕地球飞行了5次”符合语境，故选F。
18．根据上文“The Shenzhu XIII missin was simplified t nly five rbits and was designed t return mre efficiently, accrding t the Chinese Academy f Space Technlgy.(据中国空间技术研究院表示，神舟十三号的任务被简化为只有5个轨道，并被设计为更有效地返回)”以及后文“It als needed mre accurate rbital calculatins. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it culd quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Ya’nan, editr-in-chief f Beijing-based Aerspace Knwledge magazine, tld the Glbal Times.(它还需要更精确的轨道计算。北京《航天知识》杂志主编王亚南告诉《环球时报》，这意味着当航天器分离时，它可以快速瞄准着陆区域，计算返回路径，并调整高度)”可知，上一段介绍了神舟十三号的技术改进，后文则提到了这一技术改进的优势，可知本句与后文并列，都是在对这一技术进行说明。故D选项“这种方法需要对航天器进行更精确的控制”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据上文“Anther challenge fr astrnauts returning t Earth is traveling thrugh the atmsphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmsphere, there is fierce frictin with the air.(宇航员返回地球的另一个挑战是穿越大气层。返回舱进入大气层后，与空气摩擦激烈)”可知，上文提到返回舱与空气摩擦激烈，故本句是在说明其结果：太空舱表面温度可达数千度。故E选项“太空舱表面温度可达数千度”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据上文“The re-entry capsule landed upright in the right area. Such a landing psitin is rare in China’s space flight histry.(返回舱着陆直立在正确的区域。这样的着陆位置在中国航天飞行史上是罕见的)”可知，本句主要是关于中国航天飞行史上返回舱直立着陆的说明，故G选项“到目前为止，只有神舟六号和神舟十三号实现了垂直着陆”符合语境，故选G。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验，六名成员经过长达近一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”体验，总结了人类移居火星前应该具备的四种能力。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是模拟火星任务的成员，在这座建筑物里生活了将近一年，与世界其他地方隔绝。A. captains队长；B. members成员；C. astrnauts宇航员；D. directrs导演。根据上文的“six peple”和文章第四段中的“grup members”可知，句中的“They”代指的是上文提到的从建筑物中出来的六个人，他们是这次任务的小组成员。故选B项。
22．考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们是模拟火星任务的成员，在这座建筑物里生活了将近一年，与世界其他地方隔绝。A. pulled拉；B. kept free保持自由；C. prtected保护；D. cut ff隔离，阻断。根据句中“a simulated (模拟的) missin t Mars”可知，他们在进行一个模拟火星的任务，由此可知，他们模拟在火星上的生活，待在建筑物里不出来，与世界其他地方隔绝了，“cut ff frm…”意为“与……隔绝”。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分，旨在探索人类如何应对生活在另一个星球上的挑战。A. explanatin解释；B. hliday假期；C. experiment实验；D. game游戏。根据下文“Based n the _____ f the experiment s far”中的“experiment”可知，句中的火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分。故选C项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据目前为止的实验结果，以下是你在火星上生存所需的四种能力。A. results结果；B. rigins起源；C. wishes愿望；D. requirements要求。根据句中“here are fur abilities yu wuld need t _____ n Mars”可知，下文介绍了在火星上生存所需的四种能力，这四种能力应该是通过实验结果总结出来的，由此可知，句中指根据目前为止的实验结果。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据目前为止的实验结果，以下是你在火星上生存所需的四种能力。A. refuse拒绝；B. cpy复制；C. argue争论；D. survive生存。根据上文“hw peple wuld deal with the challenges f living n anther planet”可知，这次实验旨在探索人类如何生活在另一个星球上，由此可知，实验结果展示的是在另一个星球上生存所需的能力。故选D项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当供水系统中断时，该小组有两个选择。A. tasks任务；B. chices选择；C. dreams梦想；D. cnditins条件。根据下文“They culd figure ut hw t fix it r they culd _____ mnths fr supplies t be delivered frm “Earth””可知，当供水系统中断时，他们可以想办法解决问题，也可以等从“地球”运送来的物资，由此可知，这是该小组面临的两个选择。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可以想办法修理它，也可以等几个月再从“地球”运来物资——到那时他们就死定了。所以他们自己修好了。A. spread传播；B. prepare准备；C. wait等待；D. leave离开。根据句中“by which pint they wuld be dead”可知，等从“地球”运来物资时，他们就死定了，由此可知，要想获得从地球运送来的物资，需要等待几个月。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他们自己修好了。A. fixed修理；B. watered给……浇水；C. called呼叫；D. planted种植。根据上文“They culd figure ut hw t fix it”中的“fix”可知，他们可以选择想办法修理它，由此可知，他们没有等待“地球”运来的物资，而是自己修好了供水系统。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小组成员表示，无聊是一个重大挑战。A. desire渴望；B. habit习惯；C. ability能力；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“On Mars, yu wuldn’t have Netflix r Xbx”可知，在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbx等娱乐活动，你会感到无聊，由此可知，无聊对小组成员来说是一个重大挑战。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbx，所以你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。A. limit限制；B. frget忘记；C. find找到；D. leap跳跃。根据句中“On Mars, yu wuldn’t have Netflix r Xbx”可知，在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbx等娱乐活动，由此可知，你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。故选C项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你很容易被人惹恼，火星上的生活可能不适合你。A. hardly几乎不；B. easily容易地；C. secretly秘密地；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“The third is Tlerance (宽容).”可知，在火星上生活，宽容很重要，由此可知，如果你很容易被人惹恼，那么你不适合在火星上生活。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是吃饭、工作、锻炼还是放松，你都几乎不会独自一人。A. alne单独的；B. plite礼貌的；C. successful成功的；D. nrmal正常的。根据上文“The building is nly a quarter f the size f a basketball curt.”可知，这座建筑只有篮球场的四分之一，空间很小，由此可知，你几乎不会单独吃饭、工作、锻炼或是放松。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在执行任务期间，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。A. cmmunicatin通信，交流；B. system系统；C. teaching教学；D. meeting会议。根据下文“They have email, ____ messages are n a 20-minute delay (延迟)”可知，小组成员与“地球”之间的信息交流会延迟20分钟，由此可知，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。故选A项。
34．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。A. s所以；B. but但是；C. if如果；D. unless除非。根据空格前“They have email”和空格后“messages are n a 20-minute delay”可知，空格前后为转折关系，虽然他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，“but”意为“但是”，符合语境。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。A. escape逃脱；B. walk步行；C. travel传播，转送；D. change改变。根据空格前“messages are n a 20-minute delay”和空格后“between Earth and Mars”可知，信息延迟20分钟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间，“travel”意为“传播，转送”，符合语境。故选C项。
explring 37．a 38．Hwever 39．f 40．rbiting 41．t prvide
42．which 43．resurces 44．benefits 45．better
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了探索太空的好处。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多国家花费大量的金钱和时间探索太空。spend time ding表示“花费时间做某事”。故填explring。
37．考查冠词。句意：有些人认为这是浪费时间和金钱。a waste f time and mney为固定搭配，表示“浪费时间和金钱”。故填a。
38．考查副词。句意：然而，探索太空有很大的帮助。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，且置于句首，用副词hwever。故填Hwever。
39．考查介词。句意：首先，它帮助世界摆脱了饥饿。表示“使……摆脱……”。故填f。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多环绕地球运行的卫星可以记录土地和天气模式的数据，为农民提供有用的建议。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，satellites与 rbit为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填rbiting。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多环绕地球运行的卫星可以记录土地和天气模式的数据，为农民提供有用的建议。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式表目的。故填t prvide。
42．考查定语从句。句意：第二，太空探索需要先进的技术来制造高端产品，这促进了技术进步。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为high-end prducts，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43．考查名词的数。句意：最后，鉴于我们星球的资源有限，科学家们正试图寻找其他可能成为我们未来新家园的星球。结合句意和are可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语。故填resurces。
44．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最后，探索太空在许多方面对世界有益。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为explring space，谓语动词用三单形式。故填benefits。
45．考查比较级。句意：通过这样做，我们可以找到更多更好的解决问题的方法。结合句意可知，此处表示“更好的”，所以用形容词比较级形式。故填better。
46．Dear astrnauts,
I’m Li Hua frm Xinhua Middle Schl. I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.
After watching the hur-lng televised demnstratins, I have a better knwledge f space science. What’s mre, I’m mre enthusiastic abut ur cuntry’s space explratin prgram. I’m s prud f ur cuntry’s advances in science that I’m determined t be engaged in space industry and make cntributins t ur mtherland.
Wish yu a triumphant return.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在和同学一起观看了神舟十三号航天员太空授课后发送一封电子邮件给三位宇航员。
【详解】1.词汇积累
感激：gratitude→appreciatin
极好的：marvelus→excellent
而且：what’s mre→mrever
参与：be engaged in=get invlved in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.
拓展句：I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture that yu delivered inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
[高分句型2]I’m s prud f ur cuntry’s advances in science that I’m determined t be engaged in space industry and make cntributins t ur mtherland.（运用了的结果状语从句）
47．Just at that mment, many memries came back int my mind. When I was ill, she was always the ne taking care f me. When I had truble with my study, she never lst faith in me and encuraged me t keep ging. When I arrived hme during the weekend, she always prepared my favurite fd. All her kindness came back t me. I shuld be grateful fr all she had dne fr me. I realized that I shuld return hme immediately and say srry t my mther.
When arriving hme, I saw my mther sitting at the dinner table, wrried and tired. She must have been lking fr me everywhere. I was ready fr her anger and shuts. Hwever, befre I culd aplgize, my mther saw me and gently said :“h, hney, thank Gd, yu’re back! Cme inside. Yu are prbably very hungry? I cked yur favrite ndles, cme and eat while they are still ht...” N lnger able t cntrl myself, I cried in her arms. “I ’m srry, mm, please frgive me.” I whispered t her thrugh tears, extremely ashamed f myself.
【分析】本文是一篇读后续写。
【详解】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，作者因为和妈妈吵架跑了出去。之后他饿了，但是没带钱，幸运的是好心的店主给了她一碗面条，她因为感动而落泪。而店主知道后对她说，自己就给了你一碗面就让你这么感激，而你小时候母亲一直在照顾你，为什么你不感恩，为什么？你伤害了你妈妈吗？店主的话让作者开始反思自己。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：就那一瞬间，很多回忆涌入脑海……，所以这一段应该写我的回忆。要详细描写妈妈是如何照顾我支持我的。第二段开头是：回到家之后，我看见妈妈坐在餐桌边，担忧又疲惫。本段应该写我回到家之后妈妈的反应，妈妈没有责怪我，反而在关心我。我因为愧疚向妈妈道歉，希望能得到她的原谅。
续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: when引导的时间状语从句When I had truble with my study, she never lst faith in me and encuraged me t keep ging. that引导的宾语从句I realized that I shuld return hme immediately and say srry t my mther.高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Big Space Events T Put In Yur Calendar Fr 2022
MAY — CHINA’S SPACE STATION GETS BIGGER
May will see the launch f a new mdule fr the Tiangng space statin, China’s “Palace in the sky”. Its first cre mdule, Tianhe was launched last April. The next mdule will be Wentian, a labratry expected t launch between May and June. It will als serve as a backup cre mdule and the place where future spacewalks frm the taiknauts will take place. It will be fllwed by a secnd labratry mdule, Mengtian, in August-September.
JUNE — INDIA’S SPACECRAFT TAKES ITS FIRST FLIGHT
ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organizatin, has annunced that Gaganyaan (which translates t Sky Craft) will have is first unscrewed fight in June. The craft is panned t be a key vehicle in the Indian Human Spaceflight Prgram and, all ging well in this test; it will be fllwed by a crewed test next year.
JULY — RUSSIA EYES THE MOONAGAIN
Russia’s Luna prgram had many successes with landers, rvers, and even sample returns, and Luna 25 is expected t fllw in that traditin accrding t Russian Space Agency, Rscms. The missin this fine is just a lander expected t tuch dwn near the Lunar Suth Ple with instruments designed t study the sil. The lcatin might be a pssible area f interest fr a permanent base n the Mn.
AUGUST — MORE LUNAR MISSIONS
August will see the launch f the Krea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, a panned lunar rbiter by the Krea Aerspace Research Institute (KARI). This will be the first Krean Lunar Missin, a technlgy demnstratin fr KARI.
1．Which cuntry will carry ut multiple space tasks this year?
A．China.B．India.C．Russia.D．Krea.
2．What d we knw abut Luna 25?
A．It will perate in lw lunar rbit.B．It will take a land n the Mn.
C．It will serve as a permanent base.D．It will take its first crewed flight.
3．When is the first Krean Lunar Missin scheduled?
A．In May.B．In June.C．In July.D．In August.
B
An 82-year-ld Chinese female pilt has set a recrd in the cuntry's airline industry (航空业) after flying a small plane fr 40 minutes in Beijing. Mia Xiahng, ne f China's secnd batch (一批) f female pilts, cntrlled the Tecnam P2010 plane t take ff, turn, climb, dive and land safely at the Shifsi Airprt in Pinggu District f Bejjing.
In 1956, Mia Xiahng, wh graduated frm a high schl in Jinan, wn a psitin in the secnd batch. She graduated frm the flight schl in 1958. In the fllwing years, she flew many imprtant missins (任务). In 1963, she accepted a missin t airdrp materials fr the fld-stricken areas in Hebei Prvince. Pr visibility (能见度) prevented her lcating the target areas as the cluds were abut 100 meters abve the grund, but she managed t finish the task.
In 1989, she retired and started her writing carer. When she cllected materials fr her bks, she fund that many aged pilts in ther cuntries still flew, s she had the idea t return t the sky. T prepare fr the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and mved her arms t meet the requirements fr high-altitude flight during the past tw mnths. Different frm past flights fr missins, this time her gal was t enjy the flight. She said that it was exciting and fresh. “Seeing the bundless blue sky unfld in frnt f me, I feel it is very pen,” she said.
The trainer said that Mia Xiahng culd finish 30 hurs f flight t get a license fr cmmercial flight. She said, “My physical cnditin is gd enugh t finish the 30-hur flight but it is nt s imprtant fr me t get such a license. After achieving my dream f returning t the sky, I hpe t encurage yung wmen t jin the airline industry. I'm 82 years ld and I can fly again. Yu, the yung peple, can fly and will fly better than me.”
4．What can we learn frm the airdrp missin carried ut by Mia Xiahng?
A．She was a very lucky pilt.B．She had excellent flying skills.
C．She suffered frm pr eyesight.D．She always finished hard tasks.
5．What made Mia Xiahng have the idea f flying a plane at the age f 82?
A．Her deep lve fr sky.B．Her wish t set a flying recrd.
C．The influence f ther aged pilts.D．The requirements f her bks.
6．Which f the fllwing wrd can best describe Mia Xiahng?
A．Faithful.B．Stubbrn.C．Generus.D．Determined.
7．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．Returning t the Blue SkyB．Imprving Yur Flight Skills
C．Managing t Finish Difficult TasksD．Imprving Yurself t Set a Recrd
C
T say that the face f aviatin (航空) has changed beynd recgnitin ver the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With abut 500, 000 peple in the air at any given time tday, flying has becme a much mre accessible mde f transprt than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying t wealthy passengers.
The inside f aircraft has changed dramatically t. Cabins (机舱) in the 1920s were lud and cld as planes were cnstructed f metal sheets that did nt preserve heat.
While the very first scheduled cmmercial passenger service set ff between Tampa, Finland and St Petersburg in 1914, it tk until the 1920s fr cmmercial fights t really gain grund. The lack f cmmercial activity in aviatin was reflected in the state f wrld airprts at the turn f the 1920s, with the vast majrity simply being pen dirt fields. Hydrgen- fuelled (以氢为燃料的) airships began t appear in the skies in large numbers after the clse f the First Wrld War in 1919, and it was with the help f these aviatic giants that wrld flying recrds were brken.
By 1929, the first rund-the-wrld fight was cmpleted by the German- made Graf Zeppelin, which tk 12 days acrss fur stages. Owing t repeated deadly accidents hydrgen-fuelled airships were sn phased ut. 1922 saw the first aerial crssing f the Suth Atlantic by tw Prtuguese pilts wh flew frm Lisbn t Ri de Janeir in stages. It tk them 79 days t cmplete the 5, 200-mile jurney. Tday, a direct flight takes just ver nine hurs.
COVID-19 saw cmmercial air traffic decline t recrd lws, but as travel picks up again the pressure ver the future f air travel remains t be climate change. As envirnmentally cnscius travellers lk twards train r bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting t Sustainable (可持续的) Aviatin Fuel.
8．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements is true?
A．Cmmercial flights gained grund in 1914.
B．The ticket fr a flight is much mre affrdable nw.
C．Planes used t be prly cnstructed t save the cst.
D．Flying was a ppular means f transprt in the 1920s.
9．What dcs the underlined wrds “phased ut” in paragraph 4 prbably mean? .
A．Imprved.B．Cancelled.C．Used.D．Brken.
10．In which sectin f a magazine might this passage appear?
A．Travel.B．Technlgy.C．Envirnment.D．Entertainment
11．What’s the authr’s writing purpse?
A．T advertise mre accessible and sustainable flights.
B．T praise human beings’ great achievements in flying,
C．T intrduce the develpment f the aviatin industry.
D．T analyze the challenges faced by cmmercial flights.
D
Space explratin, investigatin, by means f crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, f the reaches f the universe beynd Earth’s atmsphere and the use f the infrmatin s gained t increase knwledge f the csms and benefit humanity.
Humans have always lked at the heavens and wndered abut the nature f the bjects seen in the night sky. With the develpment f rckets and the advances in electrnics and ther technlgies in the 20th century, it became pssible t send machines and animals and then peple abve Earth’s atmsphere int uter space. Well befre technlgy made these achievements pssible, hwever, space explratin had already captured the minds f many peple, nt nly aircraft pilts and scientists but als writers and artists. The strng hld that space travel has always had n the imaginatin may well explain why prfessinal astrnauts and laypeple alike cnsent at their great peril, in the wrds f Tm Wlfe in The Right Stuff (1979), t sit “n tp f an enrmus Rman candle, such as a Redstne, Atlas, Titan r Saturn rcket, and wait fr smene t light the fuse.” It perhaps als explains why space explratin has been a cmmn and enduring theme in literature and art. As centuries f speculative fictin in bks and mre recently in films make clear,“ne small step fr a man, ne giant leap fr mankind” was taken by the human spirit many times and in many ways befre Neil Armstrng stamped humankind’s first ftprint n the Mn.
Achieving spaceflight enabled humans t begin t explre the slar system and the rest f the universe, t understand the many bjects and phenmena that are better bserved frm a space perspective, and t use fr human t benefit the resurces and attributes f the space envirnment. All f these activities—discvery, scientific understanding, and the applicatin f that understanding t serve human purpses—are elements f space explratin.
12．What is the functin f the first paragraph?
A．Identificatin.
B．Demnstratin.
C．Clarificatin.
D．Definitin.
13．Which f the fllwing has nt been sent int space?
A．Machines.
B．Peple.
C．Animals.
D．War.
14．Hw did peple get t space befre real space explratin?
A．By using their imaginatin.
B．By reading fictinal bks.
C．By visiting space museums.
D．By using their telescpes.
15．What is the authr’s attitude twards the space activities?
A．NegativeB．BeneficialC．HarmfulD．Superb
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
China welcmed three heric astrnauts hme n April 16. The re-entry mdule carrying astrnauts tuched dwn safely at the Dngfeng Landing Site in Inner Mnglia autnmus regin. This ended the Shenzhu XIII astrnauts’ six-mnth space missin. This return marks a majr breakthrugh fr China’s effrts in space. ____16____
Speed recrd
The missin set a new speed recrd. The Shenzhu XII return capsule revlved arund the Earth 11 times ver 24 hurs. ____17____ The Shenzhu XIII missin was simplified t nly five rbits and was designed t return mre efficiently, accrding t the Chinese Academy f Space Technlgy.
____18____It als needed mre accurate rbital calculatins. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it culd quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Ya’nan, editr-in-chief f Beijing-based Aerspace Knwledge magazine, tld the Glbal Times.
Temperature cntrl
Anther challenge fr astrnauts returning t Earth is traveling thrugh the atmsphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmsphere, there is fierce frictin with the air. ____19____ T slve this prblem, the researchers designed a heat-resistant cating n the surface f the Shenzhu XIII return capsule. They als laid a layer f a special material that takes away the heat.
Landing
The re-entry capsule landed upright in the right area. Such a landing psitin is rare in China’s space flight histry. ____20____ T achieve this, astrnauts must perate and let g f parachute (降落伞) with accurate timing. Landing upright is the ideal way t land, ensuring astrnauts have the sftest landing, Pang Zhiha, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing, tld Science and Technlgy Daily.
A．We have made great effrts t land successfully fr years.
B．Let’s lk at sme f the technical details f the missin.
C．Sme strategies may help yu better understand the missin.
D．This apprach required mre precise cntrl f the spacecraft.
E．The surface temperature f the capsule can reach thusands f degrees.
F．Shenzhu XIII shrtened the time t abut 9 hurs, rbiting Earth five times.
G．S far, nly Shenzhu VI and Shenzhu XIII have achieved an upright landing.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In September 2016, six peple came ut frm a small slar-pwered building n the side f a vlcan in Hawaii. They were ____21____ f a simulated (模拟的) missin t Mars, and they had been living in the building fr nearly ne year, ____22____ frm the rest f the wrld.
This missin t Mars was part f an nging ____23____ t see hw peple wuld deal with the challenges f living n anther planet. Based n the ____24____ f the experiment s far, here are fur abilities yu wuld need t ____25____ n Mars.
The first is Resurcefulness (足智多谋). When the water system brke, the grup had tw ____26____. They culd figure ut hw t fix it r they culd ____27____ mnths fr supplies t be delivered frm “Earth”—by which pint they wuld be dead. S they ____28____ it themselves.
The secnd is Imaginatin. The grup members have said bredm was a majr ____29____. On Mars, yu wuldn’t have Netflix r Xbx, s yu’d have t _____30_____ ther frms f entertainment (娱乐活动).
The third is Tlerance (宽容). The building is nly a quarter f the size f a basketball curt. If yu’re _____31_____ annyed by peple, life n Mars might nt be fr yu. Whether eating, wrking, exercising, r relaxing, yu wuld hardly be _____32_____.
The last is Independence. During a missin, there is n real-time _____33_____ between the grup and anyne n “Earth.” They have email, _____34_____ messages are n a 20-minute delay (延迟), simulating hw lng it wuld take messages t _____35_____ between Earth and Mars. S yu wuld be remved frm the lives f yur lved nes back n Earth.
21．A．captainsB．membersC．astrnautsD．directrs
22．A．pulledB．kept freeC．prtectedD．cut ff
23．A．explanatinB．hlidayC．experimentD．game
24．A．resultsB．riginsC．wishesD．requirements
25．A．refuseB．cpyC．argueD．survive
26．A．tasksB．chicesC．dreamsD．cnditins
27．A．spreadB．prepareC．waitD．leave
28．A．fixedB．wateredC．calledD．planted
29．A．desireB．habitC．abilityD．challenge
30．A．limitB．frgetC．findD．leap
31．A．hardlyB．easilyC．secretlyD．suddenly
32．A．alneB．pliteC．successfulD．nrmal
33．A．cmmunicatin B．systemC．teachingD．meeting
34．A．sB．butC．ifD．unless
35．A．escapeB．walkC．travelD．change
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many cuntries spend large amunts f mney and time ___36___(explre) space. Sme peple are cnvinced that it’s ___37___ waste f time and mney.___38___, thers think space explratin is f great significance. Firstly, it has helped rid the wrld ___39___ hunger. Many satellites ___40___ (rbit) Earth can recrd data n land and weather patterns ___41___(prvide) useful advice fr farmers. Secndly, space explratin needs advanced technlgy t make high-end prducts, ___42___ has prmted technlgical imprvements. Finally, because ur planet’s ___43___(resurce) are insufficient, scientists are trying t find ther planets that culd be ur new hme in the future. In clsing, explring space ___44___(benefit) the wrld in many ways. By ding this, we can find mre and ____45____(gd ) slutins t ur prblems.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假设你是新华中学的学生李华，2022年3月23日你和同学一起观看了神舟十三号航天员天宫授课，请你发送一封电子邮件给三位宇航员。
内容包括：
1.感谢宇航员们的精彩授课；
2.观看太空授课后的收获和感想；
3.祝愿宇航员凯旋归来。
注意：
1.词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear astrnauts,
I’m Li Hua frm Xinhua Middle Schl.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
That night, I quarreled with my mther, then strmed ut f the huse. While n the rad, I remembered that I did nt have any mney in my pcket, I did nt even take my cell phne with me t make a call hme.
$At the same time, I went thrugh a ndle shp, and I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished fr a bwl f ndles, but I had n mney!
The seller saw me standing befre the cunter and asked, “Hey little girl, yu want t eat a bwl?”
“But … but I d nt carry mney …” I shyly replied.
“Okay, I’ll treat yu.” the seller said, “cme in, I will ck yu a bwl.”
A few minutes later the wner brught me a steaming bwl f ndles. After eating sme pieces, I cried.
“What is it?” He asked.
“Nthing. I am just tuched by yur kindness!” I said as I wiped my tears. “Even a stranger n the street gives me a bwl f ndles, and my mther, after a quarrel, chased me ut f the huse. She is cruel (残忍的)!!”
The seller sighed, “Girl, why did yu think s? Think again. I nly gave yu a bwl f ndles and yu felt that way. Yur mther has been taking care f yu since yu were little, why were yu nt grateful and why did yu hurt yur mm?”
I was really surprised after hearing that.
Why did I nt think f that? A bwl f ndles frm a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mther has raised me since I was little and I have never felt s, nt even a little.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
Just at that mment, many memries came back int my mind.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When arriving hme, I saw my mther sitting at the dinner table, wrried and tired.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要内容是2022年大型太空活动的日历。日历中，主要介绍了中国、韩国、俄罗斯和印度四国在2022年间的太空计划。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一个板块“May will see the launch f a new mdule fr the Tiangng space statin, China’s “Palace in the sky”. Its first cre mdule, Tianhe was launched last April. The next mdule will be Wentian, a labratry expected t launch between May and June. It will als serve as a backup cre mdule and the place where future spacewalks frm the taiknauts will take place. It will be fllwed by a secnd labratry mdule, Mengtian, in August-September.”(5月将看到中国“空中宫殿”天宫空间站新模块的发射。它的第一个核心模块天河于去年四月推出。下一个模块将是问天，这是一个预计在5月至6月之间启动的实验室。它还将作为备用核心模块，也是未来宇航员太空行走的地方。紧随其后的是第二个实验室模块，梦天，在8月至9月。)可知，中国将进行空中宫殿、问天、梦天等系列的航天任务。A项“China”(中国)符合题意，故选A项。
2．细节理解题。文章第三个版块“Russia’s Luna prgram had many successes with landers, rvers, and even sample returns, and Luna 25 is expected t fllw in that traditin accrding t Russian Space Agency, Rscms. The missin this fine is just a lander expected t tuch dwn near the Lunar Suth Ple with instruments designed t study the sil. The lcatin might be a pssible area f interest fr a permanent base n the Mn.”(俄罗斯的Luna计划在着陆器、探月车甚至样本返回方面取得了许多成功，据俄罗斯航天局 Rscms 称，预计Luna 25 将遵循这一传统。这项任务只是一个着陆器，预计将在月球南极附近着陆，配备用于研究土壤的仪器。该位置可能是在月球上建立永久基地的一个可能感兴趣的区域。)可知Luna 25将在月球南极附近着陆。B项“It will take a land n the Mn.”(它将登陆月球。)符合原文表述，故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一个版块“August will see the launch f the Krea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, a panned lunar rbiter by the Krea Aerspace Research Institute (KARI). This will be the first Krean Lunar Missin, a technlgy demnstratin fr KARI.”(8月将看到韩国探路者月球轨道器的发射，这是一个由韩国航空航天研究所 (KARI) 制造的平移月球轨道器。这将是韩国首次登月任务，是KARI的技术演示。)可知，韩国计划在8月实施第一次登月任务。D项“In August”(在8月)符合题意，故选D项。
4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名82岁的中国女飞行员苗晓红在北京驾驶一架小型飞机飞行40分钟后，创造了中国航空业的一项记录。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句“In 1963, she accepted a missin t airdrp materials fr the fld-stricken areas in Hebei Prvince. Pr visibility prevented her lcating the target areas as the cluds were abut 100 meters abve the grund, but she managed t finish the task.(1963年，她接受了河北省洪涝灾区空投物资的任务。由于云层离地面约100米，能见度很低，无法确定目标区域，但她成功地完成了任务)”可推知，苗晓红的空投任务的圆满完成体现出了她高超的飞行技术。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“When she cllected materials fr her bks, she fund that many aged pilts in ther cuntries still flew, s she had the idea t return t the sky.(当她为她的书收集材料时，她发现其他国家的许多老飞行员还在飞行，所以她有了回到天空的想法)”可知，她是受许多老飞行员的影响，才有了重回天空的想法。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三句“T prepare fr the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and mved her arms t meet the requirements fr high-altitude flight during the past tw mnths.(为了准备飞行，她在过去的两个月里，为了满足高空飞行的要求，每天走3000步，移动手臂)”可知，苗晓红是一个非常有决心的人。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“After achieving my dream f returning t the sky, I hpe t encurage yung wmen t jin the airline industry.(在实现了我重返天空的梦想后，我希望鼓励年轻女性加入航空行业)”结合全文可知，本文主要是在介绍82岁的中国女飞行员苗晓红重返天空并取得优异成绩的故事和经历。由此可知，Returning t the Blue Sky(重返蓝天)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了航空业的发展过程。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“With abut 500, 000 peple in the air at any given time tday, flying has becme a much mre accessible mde f transprt than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying t wealthy passengers.(如今，在任何特定的时间都有大约50万人在空中飞行，与20世纪20年代相比，飞行已经成为一种更容易获得的交通方式，当时极高的费用限制富裕乘客乘坐飞机)”可推知，飞机已经不再是富人专享的交通工具，机票的费用越来越低，越来越多的人可以支付机票的费用。故选B。
9．短语猜测题。根据“Owing t repeated deadly accidents(由于多次发生致命事故)”可知，由于多次发生致命事故，所以氢燃料飞机不久就被取消了，所以phase ut的意思为“取消”。故选B。
10．文章出处题。根据第一段“T say that the face f aviatin (航空) has changed beynd recgnitin ver the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With abut 500, 000 peple in the air at any given time tday, flying has becme a much mre accessible mde f transprt than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying t wealthy passengers.(在过去的一百年里，航空业的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是准确的，但仍然是轻描淡写的说法。如今，在任何特定的时间都有大约50万人在空中飞行，与20世纪20年代相比，飞行已经成为一种更容易获得的交通方式，当时极高的费用限制富裕乘客乘坐飞机)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了航空的发展过程，而飞机是人们出行的交通方式，所以本篇文章最有可能出自杂志中有关旅游的部分。故选A。
11．目的意图题。根据第一段第一句话“T say that the face f aviatin (航空) has changed beynd recgnitin ver the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. (在过去的一百年里，航空业的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是准确的，但仍然是轻描淡写的说法)”以及最后一段最后一句话“As envirnmentally cnscius travellers lk twards train r bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting t Sustainable (可持续的) Aviatin Fuel.(随着有环保意识的旅客将火车或公共汽车旅行视为替代品，航空公司已开始采取措施，如转向可持续航空燃料)”可知，本文主要的意图是介绍航空业的发展。故选C。
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对太空的探索。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Space explratin, investigatin, by means f crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, f the reaches f the universe beynd Earth’s atmsphere and the use f the infrmatin s gained t increase knwledge f the csms and benefit humanity.(利用载人和无人飞船对地球大气层以外的宇宙范围进行空间探索和调查，并利用由此获得的信息增进对宇宙的认识，造福人类。)”及全文可推断，第一段作者阐明了人类对太空探索的事实。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“With the develpment f rckets and the advances in electrnics and ther technlgies in the 20th century, it became pssible t send machines and animals and then peple abve Earth’s atmsphere int uter space.(随着20世纪火箭的发展、电子技术和其他技术的进步，把机器和动物，然后把人送到地球大气层外的太空成为可能。)”可知，送到太空的有机器、动物和人。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Well befre technlgy made these achievements pssible, hwever, space explratin had already captured the minds f many peple, nt nly aircraft pilts and scientists but als writers and artists. The strng hld that space travel has always had n the imaginatin may well explain why prfessinal astrnauts and laypeple alike cnsent at their great peril, in the wrds f Tm Wlfe in The Right Stuff (1979), t sit “n tp f an enrmus Rman candle, such as a Redstne, Atlas, Titan r Saturn rcket, and wait fr smene t light the fuse.” It perhaps als explains why space explratin has been a cmmn and enduring theme in literature and art. (然而，早在科技使这些成就成为可能之前，太空探索就已经吸引了许多人的注意力，不仅是飞行员和科学家，而且还有作家和艺术家。太空旅行一直以来都是人们想象中的一部分，这很好地解释了为什么专业宇航员和门外行人都同意冒着巨大的危险，用汤姆·沃尔夫在《太空英雄》(1979)中的话说，“坐在一个巨大的罗马蜡烛上，比如红石、阿特拉斯、泰坦或土星火箭，等待有人点燃引信。”这也许也解释了为什么太空探索一直是文学和艺术中一个普遍而持久的主题。)”可知，在真正的太空探索之前，人类是通过读虚构的书到达太空的。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Achieving spaceflight enabled humans t begin t explre the slar system and the rest f the universe, t understand the many bjects and phenmena that are better bserved frm a space perspective, and t use fr human t benefit the resurces and attributes f the space envirnment. All f these activities—discvery, scientific understanding, and the applicatin f that understanding t serve human purpses—are elements f space explratin. (航天的实现使人类开始探索太阳系和宇宙的其他部分，更好地了解从空间角度观察到的许多物体和现象，并利用空间环境的资源和属性为人类造福。所有这些活动——发现、科学认识以及应用这些认识为人类服务——都是太空探索的要素。)”可推断，作者认为太空活动是有益的。故选B。
16．B 17．F 18．D 19．E 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十三号的一些任务技术细节。
16．根据上文“China welcmed three heric astrnauts hme n April 16. The re-entry mdule carrying astrnauts tuched dwn safely at the Dngfeng Landing Site in Inner Mnglia autnmus regin. This ended the Shenzhu XIII astrnauts’ six-mnth space missin. This return marks a majr breakthrugh fr China’s effrts in space.(4月16日，中国迎来了三名英勇的宇航员。搭载宇航员的返回舱在内蒙古自治区的东风着陆点安全着陆。这结束了神舟十三号宇航员为期六个月的太空任务。这次返回标志着中国太空努力的重大突破)”结合后文主要介绍了这次任务的一些细节情况，故B选项“让我们看看这次任务的一些技术细节”符合语境，故选B。
17．根据上文“The missin set a new speed recrd. The Shenzhu XII return capsule revlved arund the Earth 11 times ver 24 hurs.(这次任务创造了新的速度记录。神舟十二号返回舱在24小时内绕地球旋转了11圈)”可知，上文介绍了神舟十二号的飞行数据，且提到这次任务创造了记录，可见本句是在说明神舟十三号的飞行情况，故F选项“神舟十三号将时间缩短到9小时左右，绕地球飞行了5次”符合语境，故选F。
18．根据上文“The Shenzhu XIII missin was simplified t nly five rbits and was designed t return mre efficiently, accrding t the Chinese Academy f Space Technlgy.(据中国空间技术研究院表示，神舟十三号的任务被简化为只有5个轨道，并被设计为更有效地返回)”以及后文“It als needed mre accurate rbital calculatins. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it culd quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Ya’nan, editr-in-chief f Beijing-based Aerspace Knwledge magazine, tld the Glbal Times.(它还需要更精确的轨道计算。北京《航天知识》杂志主编王亚南告诉《环球时报》，这意味着当航天器分离时，它可以快速瞄准着陆区域，计算返回路径，并调整高度)”可知，上一段介绍了神舟十三号的技术改进，后文则提到了这一技术改进的优势，可知本句与后文并列，都是在对这一技术进行说明。故D选项“这种方法需要对航天器进行更精确的控制”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据上文“Anther challenge fr astrnauts returning t Earth is traveling thrugh the atmsphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmsphere, there is fierce frictin with the air.(宇航员返回地球的另一个挑战是穿越大气层。返回舱进入大气层后，与空气摩擦激烈)”可知，上文提到返回舱与空气摩擦激烈，故本句是在说明其结果：太空舱表面温度可达数千度。故E选项“太空舱表面温度可达数千度”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据上文“The re-entry capsule landed upright in the right area. Such a landing psitin is rare in China’s space flight histry.(返回舱着陆直立在正确的区域。这样的着陆位置在中国航天飞行史上是罕见的)”可知，本句主要是关于中国航天飞行史上返回舱直立着陆的说明，故G选项“到目前为止，只有神舟六号和神舟十三号实现了垂直着陆”符合语境，故选G。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验，六名成员经过长达近一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”体验，总结了人类移居火星前应该具备的四种能力。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是模拟火星任务的成员，在这座建筑物里生活了将近一年，与世界其他地方隔绝。A. captains队长；B. members成员；C. astrnauts宇航员；D. directrs导演。根据上文的“six peple”和文章第四段中的“grup members”可知，句中的“They”代指的是上文提到的从建筑物中出来的六个人，他们是这次任务的小组成员。故选B项。
22．考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们是模拟火星任务的成员，在这座建筑物里生活了将近一年，与世界其他地方隔绝。A. pulled拉；B. kept free保持自由；C. prtected保护；D. cut ff隔离，阻断。根据句中“a simulated (模拟的) missin t Mars”可知，他们在进行一个模拟火星的任务，由此可知，他们模拟在火星上的生活，待在建筑物里不出来，与世界其他地方隔绝了，“cut ff frm…”意为“与……隔绝”。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分，旨在探索人类如何应对生活在另一个星球上的挑战。A. explanatin解释；B. hliday假期；C. experiment实验；D. game游戏。根据下文“Based n the _____ f the experiment s far”中的“experiment”可知，句中的火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分。故选C项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据目前为止的实验结果，以下是你在火星上生存所需的四种能力。A. results结果；B. rigins起源；C. wishes愿望；D. requirements要求。根据句中“here are fur abilities yu wuld need t _____ n Mars”可知，下文介绍了在火星上生存所需的四种能力，这四种能力应该是通过实验结果总结出来的，由此可知，句中指根据目前为止的实验结果。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据目前为止的实验结果，以下是你在火星上生存所需的四种能力。A. refuse拒绝；B. cpy复制；C. argue争论；D. survive生存。根据上文“hw peple wuld deal with the challenges f living n anther planet”可知，这次实验旨在探索人类如何生活在另一个星球上，由此可知，实验结果展示的是在另一个星球上生存所需的能力。故选D项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当供水系统中断时，该小组有两个选择。A. tasks任务；B. chices选择；C. dreams梦想；D. cnditins条件。根据下文“They culd figure ut hw t fix it r they culd _____ mnths fr supplies t be delivered frm “Earth””可知，当供水系统中断时，他们可以想办法解决问题，也可以等从“地球”运送来的物资，由此可知，这是该小组面临的两个选择。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可以想办法修理它，也可以等几个月再从“地球”运来物资——到那时他们就死定了。所以他们自己修好了。A. spread传播；B. prepare准备；C. wait等待；D. leave离开。根据句中“by which pint they wuld be dead”可知，等从“地球”运来物资时，他们就死定了，由此可知，要想获得从地球运送来的物资，需要等待几个月。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他们自己修好了。A. fixed修理；B. watered给……浇水；C. called呼叫；D. planted种植。根据上文“They culd figure ut hw t fix it”中的“fix”可知，他们可以选择想办法修理它，由此可知，他们没有等待“地球”运来的物资，而是自己修好了供水系统。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小组成员表示，无聊是一个重大挑战。A. desire渴望；B. habit习惯；C. ability能力；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“On Mars, yu wuldn’t have Netflix r Xbx”可知，在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbx等娱乐活动，你会感到无聊，由此可知，无聊对小组成员来说是一个重大挑战。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbx，所以你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。A. limit限制；B. frget忘记；C. find找到；D. leap跳跃。根据句中“On Mars, yu wuldn’t have Netflix r Xbx”可知，在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbx等娱乐活动，由此可知，你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。故选C项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你很容易被人惹恼，火星上的生活可能不适合你。A. hardly几乎不；B. easily容易地；C. secretly秘密地；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“The third is Tlerance (宽容).”可知，在火星上生活，宽容很重要，由此可知，如果你很容易被人惹恼，那么你不适合在火星上生活。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是吃饭、工作、锻炼还是放松，你都几乎不会独自一人。A. alne单独的；B. plite礼貌的；C. successful成功的；D. nrmal正常的。根据上文“The building is nly a quarter f the size f a basketball curt.”可知，这座建筑只有篮球场的四分之一，空间很小，由此可知，你几乎不会单独吃饭、工作、锻炼或是放松。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在执行任务期间，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。A. cmmunicatin通信，交流；B. system系统；C. teaching教学；D. meeting会议。根据下文“They have email, ____ messages are n a 20-minute delay (延迟)”可知，小组成员与“地球”之间的信息交流会延迟20分钟，由此可知，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。故选A项。
34．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。A. s所以；B. but但是；C. if如果；D. unless除非。根据空格前“They have email”和空格后“messages are n a 20-minute delay”可知，空格前后为转折关系，虽然他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，“but”意为“但是”，符合语境。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。A. escape逃脱；B. walk步行；C. travel传播，转送；D. change改变。根据空格前“messages are n a 20-minute delay”和空格后“between Earth and Mars”可知，信息延迟20分钟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间，“travel”意为“传播，转送”，符合语境。故选C项。
explring 37．a 38．Hwever 39．f 40．rbiting 41．t prvide
42．which 43．resurces 44．benefits 45．better
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了探索太空的好处。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多国家花费大量的金钱和时间探索太空。spend time ding表示“花费时间做某事”。故填explring。
37．考查冠词。句意：有些人认为这是浪费时间和金钱。a waste f time and mney为固定搭配，表示“浪费时间和金钱”。故填a。
38．考查副词。句意：然而，探索太空有很大的帮助。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，且置于句首，用副词hwever。故填Hwever。
39．考查介词。句意：首先，它帮助世界摆脱了饥饿。表示“使……摆脱……”。故填f。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多环绕地球运行的卫星可以记录土地和天气模式的数据，为农民提供有用的建议。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，satellites与 rbit为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填rbiting。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多环绕地球运行的卫星可以记录土地和天气模式的数据，为农民提供有用的建议。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式表目的。故填t prvide。
42．考查定语从句。句意：第二，太空探索需要先进的技术来制造高端产品，这促进了技术进步。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为high-end prducts，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43．考查名词的数。句意：最后，鉴于我们星球的资源有限，科学家们正试图寻找其他可能成为我们未来新家园的星球。结合句意和are可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语。故填resurces。
44．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最后，探索太空在许多方面对世界有益。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为explring space，谓语动词用三单形式。故填benefits。
45．考查比较级。句意：通过这样做，我们可以找到更多更好的解决问题的方法。结合句意可知，此处表示“更好的”，所以用形容词比较级形式。故填better。
46．Dear astrnauts,
I’m Li Hua frm Xinhua Middle Schl. I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.
After watching the hur-lng televised demnstratins, I have a better knwledge f space science. What’s mre, I’m mre enthusiastic abut ur cuntry’s space explratin prgram. I’m s prud f ur cuntry’s advances in science that I’m determined t be engaged in space industry and make cntributins t ur mtherland.
Wish yu a triumphant return.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在和同学一起观看了神舟十三号航天员太空授课后发送一封电子邮件给三位宇航员。
【详解】1.词汇积累
感激：gratitude→appreciatin
极好的：marvelus→excellent
而且：what’s mre→mrever
参与：be engaged in=get invlved in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.
拓展句：I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture that yu delivered inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m writing t express my gratitude t yu fr yur marvelus science lecture inside the space statin n March 23, 2022.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
[高分句型2]I’m s prud f ur cuntry’s advances in science that I’m determined t be engaged in space industry and make cntributins t ur mtherland.（运用了的结果状语从句）
47．Just at that mment, many memries came back int my mind. When I was ill, she was always the ne taking care f me. When I had truble with my study, she never lst faith in me and encuraged me t keep ging. When I arrived hme during the weekend, she always prepared my favurite fd. All her kindness came back t me. I shuld be grateful fr all she had dne fr me. I realized that I shuld return hme immediately and say srry t my mther.
When arriving hme, I saw my mther sitting at the dinner table, wrried and tired. She must have been lking fr me everywhere. I was ready fr her anger and shuts. Hwever, befre I culd aplgize, my mther saw me and gently said :“h, hney, thank Gd, yu’re back! Cme inside. Yu are prbably very hungry? I cked yur favrite ndles, cme and eat while they are still ht...” N lnger able t cntrl myself, I cried in her arms. “I ’m srry, mm, please frgive me.” I whispered t her thrugh tears, extremely ashamed f myself.
【分析】本文是一篇读后续写。
【详解】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，作者因为和妈妈吵架跑了出去。之后他饿了，但是没带钱，幸运的是好心的店主给了她一碗面条，她因为感动而落泪。而店主知道后对她说，自己就给了你一碗面就让你这么感激，而你小时候母亲一直在照顾你，为什么你不感恩，为什么？你伤害了你妈妈吗？店主的话让作者开始反思自己。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：就那一瞬间，很多回忆涌入脑海……，所以这一段应该写我的回忆。要详细描写妈妈是如何照顾我支持我的。第二段开头是：回到家之后，我看见妈妈坐在餐桌边，担忧又疲惫。本段应该写我回到家之后妈妈的反应，妈妈没有责怪我，反而在关心我。我因为愧疚向妈妈道歉，希望能得到她的原谅。
续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: when引导的时间状语从句When I had truble with my study, she never lst faith in me and encuraged me t keep ging. that引导的宾语从句I realized that I shuld return hme immediately and say srry t my mther.高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
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