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2024届黑龙江省高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题（黑龙江辽宁名校联考）（含解析）
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这是一份2024届黑龙江省高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题（黑龙江辽宁名校联考）（含解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书信写作，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解
Jbs Week: Find Yur Next Jb Here
▲ A Registered Nurse
Average salary: $65,470 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: San Antni, Texas; Chicag, Illinis; Dallas, Texas
In the United States, registered nurses (RNs) are clinicians wh have cmpleted at least an assciate degree in nursing. The Bureau f Labr Statistics (BLS) has identified it as ne f the tp ten ccupatins fr career grwth. RNs can either practice independently r as part f a healthcare team.
▲ A Retail Assciate
Average salary: $21,410 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: Atlanta, Gergia; Hustn, Texas; Chicag, Illinis
Retail wrkers sell prducts and help custmers find the prducts they want. Accrding t the BLS, nearly 14.8 millin peple were emplyed as retail wrkers in 2017. Tp places t find retail psitins include Walmart, Target and Macy’s.
▲ A Truck Driver
Average salary: $46,000 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: Atlanta, Gergia; Hustn, Texas; Indianaplis, Indiana
Truck driving desn’t require a cllege degree and can pay well even at the entry-level stage. It takes a certain kind f persn t wrk the lng weeks away frm hme—but with a high level f demand, it can be a great career chice fr smene wh wants jb security withut the cubicle （格子间）.
▲ A Web Develper
Average salary: $62,500 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: Chicag, Illinis; New Yrk; Atlanta, Gergia
Tech jbs like Web Develper frequently tp lists f the best jbs fr pay, wrk-life balance, and career welfare. The wide use f the Internet means that web develpers are in cntinuus demand, and there are n educatin barriers preventing jb seekers frm learning prgramming languages like Java r Pythn.
1．Wh may get the highest salary every year accrding t the text?
A．A truck driver.B．A web develper.
C．A registered nurse.D．A retail assciate.
2．What is the fact abut retail assciates?
A．They design prducts and help prduce them.
B．They help custmers get their desired prducts.
C．They must have an assciate degree in business.
D．They shuld learn prgramming languages like Java r Pythn.
3．What can we infer frm the cntent abut a web develper?
A．They can find a jb mre easily.
B．They can wrk as part f a healthcare team.
C．Designing a web desn’t require much mental wrk.
D．The jb is fit fr smene wh desn’t need a cubicle.
I’ve wrked in the factries surrunding my hmetwn every summer since I graduated frm high schl. But making the transitin between schl and full-time blue-cllar wrk during the break never gets any easier. Fr a student like me wh cnsiders any class befre nn t be uncivilized, getting t a factry by 6 ’clck each mrning is a kind f suffering. My friends never seem t understand why I’m s relieved t be back at schl r that my summer vacatin has been anything but a vacatin.
There are few peple as self-cnfident as a cllege student wh has never been ut in the real wrld. Peple f my age always seem t verestimate(高估)the value f their time and knwledge. In fact, all the classes did nt prepare me fr my battles with the machine I ran in the plant, which wuld jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward r upside dwn.
The mst stressful thing abut blue-cllar life is knwing yur jb culd disappear vernight. Issues like dwnsizing(裁员)and verseas relcatin(重新安置)had always seemed distant t me until my c-wrkers tld me that the unit I was wrking in wuld shut dwn within six mnths and mve t Mexic, where peple wuld wrk fr 60 cents an hur.
After wrking 12-hur shifts in a factry, the ther ptins have becme nly t clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems t irrespnsible after seeing what I wuld be ding withut schl. All the advice and public-service annuncements abut the value f educatin that used t sund bring nw ring true.
These lessns I’m learning, hwever precius, are always accmpauied by a sense f guilt. Many peple pass their lives in the places I briefly wrk, spending 30 years where I spend nly tw mnths at a time. “This jb pays well, but it’s a kind f physical suffering,” said ne c-wrker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factries have inspired me t make the mst f my cllege years befre I enter the real wrld fr gd.
4．Hw des the authr feel after his summer vacatin?
A．Exhausted.B．Happy.C．Discuraged.D．Cnfident.
5．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2?
A．A cllege student wh has never been ut in the real wrld is hardly self-cnfident.
B．Peple f the authr’s age seem t ignre the value f their time and knwledge.
C．What the authr learned at schl didn’t apply t his wrk in the factry.
D．The authr hardly made mistakes when making use f the machine.
6．What did the authr’s clleagues reveal t the authr accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．They might lse their jb sn.
B．The unit wuld take in mre staff.
C．They wuld cntinue wrking in Mexic.
D．The unit had run f mney and wuld stp perating.
7．What des the authr emphasize in the last three paragraphs?
A．The cnsequence f the authr’s skipping classes.
B．The purpse f the authr’s wrking in the plant.
C．The way many peple pass their lives in the plant.
D．The significance f the authr’s receiving educatin.
Next time yu hear peple say that Neanderthals (穴居人), an extinct type f man living in Eurpe in the Stne Age, aren’t s bright, tell them this stry.
At least 400,000 years ag, campfires went mainstream as early humans used them as a means f survival. As time went by, they made fires inside the caves where they lived and did s withut a fireplace (壁炉) r a chimney.
This is n easy skill. “When yu make a fire in an enclsed space, there is a danger f breathing in smke. And in many cases, it desn’t allw ne even t stay near the fire because f smke,” said Ran Barkai, an archaelgist at Tel Aviv University.
S hw did Neanderthals d it? Barkai and his team were determined t find ut. They built a virtual mdel f the Lazaret Cave n France’s Mediterranean cast—a place early humans called hme 170,000 years ag. The scientists placed 16 fireplaces thrughut the cave and studied where the smke went. “In the middle f the cave is the best place if yu wish t avid as much smke as pssible,” said Barkai. As it happens, the middle f the cave is exactly where prehistric peple put their fires fr generatins.
Barkai said there was a bit f trial and errr invlved. “It’s clear t us that Neanderthals made a survey f the cave nce they entered and invited a Neanderthal internal designer. And then they decided where they put the kitchen, the sleeping area and s n,” he said.
Sarah Hlubik f Gerge Washingtn University wasn’t invlved in the study but called it clever. “The experiment illustrates hw early humans used their intelligence t deal with a punishing climate. What I want mst is t take a lk at ther sites that have relatively cmplete and undamaged caves and see if the practice supprts their cnclusin,” she said.
8．What can we knw frm Paragraph 2?
A．Neanderthals used a fireplace in a unique way.
B．The caves where Neanderthals lived had a chimney.
C．Neanderthals relying n campfires breathed in much smke.
D．The way Neanderthals made use f fires develped ver time.
9．Why did Barkai’s team build a virtual mdel f the Lazaret Cave?
A．T chse the perfect place fr the 16 fireplaces.
B．T study prehistric humans’ hbbies and habits.
C．T research what materials Neanderthals burnt t make fires.
D．T find ut hw Neanderthals used fires in an enclsed place.
10．Hw did early Neanderthals avid smke when making fires?
A．By keeping the fires away frm the bedrms.
B．By putting the fires at the entrance f the cave.
C．By making fires in the central part f the cave.
D．By making sme hles in the cave t let smke ut.
11．Hw did Sarah Hlubik evaluate the experiment?
A．Its result seemed t be quite believable.
B．Its results needed mre supprting evidence.
C．Its results were nt as reliable as she had thught.
D．Its results were the same as sme ther studies had revealed.
Pverty has frced mst Eurpeans t skip (跳过) meals during the past three years, accrding t a survey cnducted by Ipss n behalf f the charity French Securs Ppulaire, which supprts peple n lw incmes. The survey f 10,000 Eurpeans in 10 natins asked whether mney wrries had wrsened r imprved during the past three years. Mre than half said their situatin had wrsened, with 29 percent saying they were s shrt f mney that a single unexpected expense wuld put them int difficulty. The results, published n Mnday in the charity’s Eurpean Barmeter n Pverty and Precariusness, fund 38 percent f Eurpeans were n lnger able t eat three meals a day n a regular basis. And 21 percent f parents had skipped meals s they culd feed their children.
The survey quizzed peple living in France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mldva, Pland, Prtugal, Rmania, Serbia, and the United Kingdm. The pllsters fund the main reasn fr the pr financial situatin in many Eurpean families was the fast-rising cst f gds and services, with price inflatin (通货膨胀) increasing by three times during 2022 and the cst f husing, water, and fuel rising by 18 percent during the curse f a year. At the same time wages remained relatively unchanged.
The survey fllwed ther recent wrrying assessments f increasing levels f pverty thrughut Eurpe, with Eurstat, the Eurpean Unin’s statistics agency reprting 17 percent f the ppulatin f the 27-natin grup was “at risk f pverty” and that nly 15percent f Eurpeans had enugh mney nt t have financial wrries. Anther survey, cnducted by the Jseph Rwntree Fundatin in June, fund the UK had 5.7 millin lw-incme husehlds that were s lacking in mney that they had n adequate access t fd.
And anther survey, by the Equality Trust, fund the great difference between rich and pr in the UK was actually being wrsened by the gvernment, which, it cncluded, was spending mre mney than any ther Eurpean natin n subsidizing (补贴) the rich thrugh structural inequality. Priya Sahni-Nichlas, the c-executive directr f the Equality Trust, tld The Guardian newspaper the grwing chasm between rich and pr was “causing huge damage” t the ecnmy. As a result, she said, “We have shrter healthy wrking lives, prer educatin systems, mre crime, and less happy scieties.” The survey released this week fr French Securs Ppulaire fund mney wrries amng Eurpe’s ppulatin nw mean a significant number f peple have turned ff heaters, avided treatment fr medical prblems, and brrwed mney r ther things as a result. The survey fund ne persn in 12in Italy is in “abslute pverty” and relies n discunted fd and fd banks. And the situatin was even wrse in Greece and Mldva, which had mre peple at risk frm pverty than any ther Eurpean natin.
12．Why is there a pr financial situatin in many Eurpean families?
A．On accunt f increasing taxes.B．Because f their pay’s being cut.
C．Owing t many peple’s lsing jbs.D．Due t rising prices f gds and services.
13．What is the percentage f Eurpeans wh had n financial wrries?
A．15%.B．17%.C．18%.D．21%.
14．What is the pssible meaning f the underlined wrd “chasm” in the last paragraph?
A．Misunderstanding.B．Difference.C．Cnflict.D．Cncern.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the news reprt?
A．Study shws rising pverty in Eurpe
B．Wages remain relatively unchanged in Eurpe
C．Pr peple in Eurpe rely n discunted fd
D．Survey quizzes peple living in rich Eurpean cuntries
Living car-free in the US
Culdesac admitted its first thirty-six residents in Tempe, Arizna, US, earlier this year. 16 . The $170 millin neighbrhd, with its white buildings and narrw walkways(走道), is expected t hld arund 1,000 peple when the full 760 units are cmpleted by 2025, accrding t The Guardian. Similar prjects in Charltte, Nrth Carlina, and Hustn, Texas, are als underway, said Blmberg.
In a cuntry as car-dependent as the US, Culdesac is nthing shrt f visinary (有远见的). 17 althugh sme densely(稠密地) ppulated cstal US cities like Bstn and New Yrk City are walkable and have varius public transprtatin ptins like bus and light rail. In the 2019 US Census, it was fund that rughly 85% f Americans relied n a car t get t wrk. 18 . In a 2023 study, the American Autmbile Assciatin said that it csts an average f abut $12,000 per year t wn and maintain a car in the US. S, what is stpping Americans frm abandning cars and embracing relatively cheaper alternatives like e-bikes? In a wrd, unsafe rads that priritize cars ver peple. Accrding t a 2019 reprt by the Wrld Health Organizatin, the US traffic fatality rate is 12.4 deaths per 100,000. At the same time, pedestrians and cyclists in the US are ften blamed fr being hit by drivers rather than the ther way arund.
19 . By embracing a new car-free way f living, US prjects like Culdesac can prvide an alternative way f living that is bth healthier and mre affrdable and, in turn, influence thers t live a better way as well. As Vanessa Fx, a 32-year-ld resident f Culdesac, said, “ 20 . Freedm is being t just simply walk ut and access places.”
A．Still, there is hpe
B．Cars are allwed, but parking is limited
C．This can effectively avid traffic accidents n a rad
D．This reliance n cars desn’t cme cheap, unfrtunately
E．Fr sme, cars equal freedm, but fr me, it’s a restrictin
F．It describes itself as the first car-free neighburhd built in the US
G．The vast majrity f Americans are entirely dependant n cars t get arund
二、完形填空
The true test f an effective team is ne where the members perate as a self-managing team. The 21 allws the members n the team t establish teamwrk, adjust its wrk prcesses, and 22 a cmmunicatin channel t the rest f the rganizatin.
I fllwed up with ne f ur custmers t see first-hand what a very successful team lked and felt like. Here is their stry n what they d t 23 as a team.
This team 24 eighteen members that wrked in a manufacturing facility in Texas. Their wrking 25 were nt the best. During the night when I 26 them, they were perfrming a ht and dirty jb and 27 that, they wrked frm 12 pm t 8 am. Their 28 was nt the best and the prducts they were making had a terrible 29 , which mst peple can’t stand.
The reasn why I knw this infrmatin is that when yu have the pprtunity t see hw a team really wrks, yu want t 30 their secrets. S I was lking fr answers.
As I stayed and cmmunicated with the team members t find ut hw they wrked tgether, they described t me their requirements fr team develpment.
They said, “Each member has a gd time, and we are in tune (协调)with each ther, and we have a great 31 f team spirit, believe in ur 32 , and run the peratin withut a frmal leader in the middle f things. We have a ‘shared’ philsphy.”
Their hard wrk and effrt paid ff as they became knwn as “the stars” f the cmpany. They were described as “ 33 ” cmpared t ther 156 teams. They were mtivated by the psitive attentin, and the 34 that went alng with being the best.
It is clear that this team develped t cmpete fr the gal instead f against each ther. This team has stayed 35 and self-directed because f being allwed t becme mre than their “individual selves”.
21．A．leaderB．learnerC．waiterD．custmer
22．A．defend againstB．lk intC．leave utD．serve as
23．A．set utB．stand utC．wrk utD．run ut
24．A．accunts frB．cncentrates nC．cnsists fD．cares abut
25．A．cnditinsB．habitsC．statesD．attitudes
26．A．btheredB．remindedC．trainedD．bserved
27．A．far frmB．in return frC．apart frmD．in case f
28．A．payB．mdC．dietD．rent
29．A．deliveryB．smellC．qualityD．shape
30．A．cmpareB．uncverC．adjustD．keep
31．A．tasteB．biteC．reviewD．sense
32．A．limitatinB．prejudiceC．purpseD．cmplaint
33．A．specialB．nrmalC．hesitantD．ridiculus
34．A．pityB．securityC．prideD．tense
35．A．self-centeredB．self-emplyedC．self-fundedD．self-driven
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Oct 2, 2023, the furth day f the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Natinal Day hliday, a rural cffee shp in 36 eastern prvince f Zhejiang sld mre than 7,100 cups f the drink. It brke 37 (it) wn recrd f selling mre than 5,100 cups during the Labr Day hliday in May.
The Dark Blue X Cafe in Hngmia village, Meixi twn, Anji cunty, was built n the grunds f an 38 (abandn) mine that 39 (be) idle (闲置的) fr mre than 10 years. The scenery attracts turists frm nearby cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhu, Zhejiang’s capital, and Huzhu, als in Zhejiang.
Described by netizens as an “Iceland-like site in Anji”, the heart-shaped mine shaft (矿井) is 108 meters deep and filled with rainwater, which reflects the deep blue sky.
There are mre than 300 cffee shps in Anji, a muntainus cunty 40 a ppulatin f abut 580,000 in the nrth f the prvince, surpassing Shanghai in terms f per capita cafes. The cunty was declared by Lnely Planet magazine as “China’s City f Cffee in 2022.”
Lcal authrities spent a lng time planning the transfrmatin f the mine int a new business pprtunity. Fr example, Shen Yngtian, secretary f the lcal Party branch, made a fact-finding visit t Shanghai’s Zhujiajia Water Twn, 41 the camping industry was grwing rapidly.
Accrding t Shen, early last year, a grup f cllege students prpsed building a cafe in 42 (cperate) with the village. Their diligent research and innvative plan set them apart frm all ther cmpetitrs. “Their detailed prpsal was rather 43 (persuasin) and cnvincing,” Shen said.
44 (prmte) rural vitalizatin (振兴)further, villages in Anji have widely adpted a mdel called “Tw investments and three returns”, in which residents and the village 45 (cllective) invest capital and resurces, and in return they earn rent, wages and dividends(分红)frm peratins managed by cperating cmpanies r entrepreneurial teams.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，正在英国某高中上学。从你校网站上获悉你校将举办运动会并在招聘相关记者。你打算给相关人员发一封电子邮件应聘，内容包括：
1. 发邮件的原因；
2. 你的能力和特点；
3. 盼望得到肯定的答复。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I am an utdr lver and I’ve made it a rutine t explre different regins annually with a friend during ur vacatin. This year, in additin t beauty f nature, I’ve experienced smething mre.
It was late afternn. A few hurs befre sunset, Darcy and I decided t hike t Acmat Falls, hidden in the rainfrest.
Expecting t spend n mre than an hur at the falls, we wre T-shirts and swimsuits and hadn’t tld anyne where we were ging. After crssing the wide river at a shallw spt and walking upstream abut 100 yards, we reached the falls at arund 4 pm. We dived int the green pl and flated n ur backs, amazed at the canyn(峡谷) walls.
By 4:30, Darcy reminded me that we needed t head back t the car befre dark, but I was waist-deep in the river trying t phtgraph the falls, the hanging vines(葡萄藤), and the dreaminess f the place. Darcy had t wait n a stne. I finally tk a gd pht—and then she screamed.
With a crack like thunder, a vilent wall f water rushed ver the falls, turning the dreamy swimming pl int a churning(旋涡的) mnster. Flash fld! I jumped ut f the river secnds befre the fld crashed ver the spt where I’d just been standing. Darcy climbed bareft ff tward higher grund. Darcy and I climbed up the canyn n all furs, grabbing vines t pull urselves up. I lked ver my shulder and saw that the water had risen 20 feet in less than a minute.
Darcy led us thrugh the dense bush, prickly trees, and ankle-deep mud. After we’d climbed 200 feet, we stpped t catch ur breath. Nw we had a different prblem: The rad was n the ther side f the swllen river. We were stuck in the frested muntain.
We had n rain jackets and were exhausted frm the climb. Darcy asked if I had my phne. It was saking wet, but still blinked n. N service. We decided t mve tward higher grund t get a better signal. It was almst dark. Fr a mment, I gt thrugh, and I heard the faint vice f Grace, ur rental hst. She said she’d call fr help. Then the phne went silent—n signal again.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
It seemed that we were in a desperate situatin.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Trapped there, we wndered whether and hw rescuers culd find us.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要围绕四个职业——注册护士、零售店员、卡车司机和网页开发者进行说明，介绍了这些职业的平均薪资、招聘量最大的城市以及职业特点，帮助读者了解这些职业的相关信息，以便他们根据自己的兴趣和需求来选择合适的职业。
1．细节理解题。根据文章A Registered Nurse部分中的“Average salary: $65,470 per year(平均年薪：65,470美元)”、A Retail Assciate部分中的“Average salary: $21,410 per year(平均年薪：21410美元)”、A Truck Driver部分中的“Average salary: $46,000 per year(平均年薪：4.6万美元)”和A Web Develper部分中的“Average salary: $62,500 per year(平均年薪：62,500美元)”可知，平均年薪最高的职业是“A Registered Nurse”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章A Retail Assciate部分中“Retail wrkers sell prducts and help custmers find the prducts they want.(零售助理销售产品并帮助顾客找到他们想要的产品)”可知，零售助理帮助顾客找到他们想要的产品。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章A Web Develper部分中的“The wide use f the Internet means that web develpers are in cntinuus demand, and there are n educatin barriers preventing jb seekers frm learning prgramming languages like Java r Pythn.(互联网的广泛使用意味着对web开发人员的需求是持续的，并且没有教育障碍阻止求职者学习像Java或Pythn这样的编程语言)”可知，互联网的广泛使用意味着对Web开发人员的需求是持续的；由此推知，网络开发员更容易找到工作。故选A。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者从高中毕业以后每个夏天在家乡附近工厂工作的经历，以及这些经历如何影响了他对学习和工作的看法。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“My friends never seem t understand why I’m s relieved t be back at schl r that my summer vacatin has been anything but a vacatin.(我的朋友们似乎从来都不明白，为什么回到学校后我如释重负，或者我的暑假一点都不像假期)”可知，作者暑假结束回到学校后会感到如释重负，也就是感到快乐。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Peple f my age always seem t verestimate the value f their time and knwledge. In fact, all the classes did nt prepare me fr my battles with the machine I ran in the plant, which wuld jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward r upside dwn.(像我这样年纪的人似乎总是高估他们的时间和知识的价值。事实上，所有的课程都没有让我做好与我在工厂里运行的机器战斗的准备，每当我心不在焉地把一个零件倒着或倒着放进去时，它就会卡住)”可推断出，作者在学校学到的东西并不适用于他在工厂的工作。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The mst stressful thing abut blue-cllar life is knwing yur jb culd disappear vernight. Issues like dwnsizing and verseas relcatin had always seemed distant t me until my c-wrkers tld me that the unit I was wrking in wuld shut dwn within six mnths and mve t Mexic, where peple wuld wrk fr 60 cents an hur.(蓝领生活中压力最大的事情就是知道你的工作可能一夜之间消失。裁员和海外重新安置等问题对我来说一直很遥远，直到我的同事告诉我，我所在的单位将在六个月内关闭，搬到墨西哥，那里的人每小时的工资是60美分)”可知，作者的同事向作者透露作者所在的单位将在六个月内关闭，搬到墨西哥，也就是他们可能很快就会失业。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems t irrespnsible after seeing what I wuld be ding withut schl. All the advice and public-service annuncements abut the value f educatin that used t sund bring nw ring true.(当我回到大学的时候，逃课和交懒惰的重写似乎太不负责任了，因为我看到了没有学校我会做什么。所有关于教育价值的建议和公共服务公告过去听起来很无聊，现在听起来很真实)”、第五段““Study hard and keep reading,” she added. (努力学习，坚持阅读，”她补充道。)”以及最后一段“My experiences in the factries have inspired me t make the mst f my cllege years befre I enter the real wrld fr gd. (我在工厂的经历激励我在进入现实世界之前充分利用我的大学时光)”可知，作者在最后三段强调了接受教育的意义。故选D。
8．D 9．D 10．C 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了考古学家对于穴居人使用火的方式进行研究了，解释了研究的过程以及人们对此研究的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At least 400,000 years ag, campfires went mainstream as early humans used them as a means f survival. As time went by, they made fires inside the caves where they lived and did s withut a fireplace (壁炉) r a chimney.(至少40万年前，营火成为主流，因为早期人类将其作为一种生存手段。随着时间的推移，他们在他们居住的洞穴里生火，而且没有壁炉或烟囱)”可知，穴居人使用火的方式随着时间的推移而发展。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中““When yu make a fire in an enclsed space, there is a danger f breathing in smke. And in many cases, it desn’t allw ne even t stay near the fire because f smke,” said Ran Barkai, an archaelgist at Tel Aviv University.(特拉维夫大学考古学家兰·巴尔凯 (Ran Barkai) 表示：“当你在封闭的空间生火时，存在吸入烟雾的危险。在许多情况下，由于烟雾的存在，甚至不允许人们留在火场附近。”)”和第四段中“S hw did Neanderthals d it? Barkai and his team were determined t find ut. They built a virtual mdel f the Lazaret Cave n France’s Mediterranean cast—a place early humans called hme 170,000 years ag.(那么尼安德特人是怎么做到的呢？巴尔凯和他的团队决心找到答案。他们在法国地中海沿岸建造了一个拉扎雷特洞穴的虚拟模型，这里是17万年前早期人类的家园)”可知，Barkai的团队要建立一个拉扎雷特洞穴的虚拟模型是为了了解穴居人如何在封闭的地方使用火。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the middle f the cave is the best place if yu wish t avid as much smke as pssible(如果你想尽量避免烟雾，山洞的中央是最好的地方)”可知，早期穴居人在生火时在洞穴的中心部分生火，来避免烟雾。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What I want mst is t take a lk at ther sites that have relatively cmplete and undamaged caves and see if the practice supprts their cnclusin(我最想做的是看看其他拥有相对完整和完好的洞穴的遗址，看看这种做法是否支持他们的结论)”可知，Sarah Hlubik认为这个实验的结果需要更多的支持证据。故选B。
12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明，欧洲贫富差距加剧，贫困人口在增加，由此产生了一系列社会问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The pllsters fund the main reasn fr the pr financial situatin in many Eurpean families was the fast-rising cst f gds and services, with price inflatin (通货膨胀) increasing by three times during 2022 and the cst f husing, water, and fuel rising by 18 percent during the curse f a year. At the same time wages remained relatively unchanged.(调查人员发现，许多欧洲家庭财务状况不佳的主要原因是商品和服务成本的快速上涨，物价在2022年上涨了三倍，住房、水和燃料的成本在一年内上涨了18%。与此同时，工资水平保持相对不变)”可知，许多欧洲家庭的经济状况不佳是由于商品和服务价格的上涨。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The survey fllwed ther recent wrrying assessments f increasing levels f pverty thrughut Eurpe, with Eurstat, the Eurpean Unin’s statistics agency reprting 17 percent f the ppulatin f the 27-natin grup was “at risk f pverty” and that nly 15percent f Eurpeans had enugh mney nt t have financial wrries. (在这项调查之前，欧盟统计机构欧盟统计局报告称，欧盟27个成员国中有17%的人口“面临贫困风险”，只有15%的欧洲人有足够的钱不用担心经济问题)”可知，没有财务担忧的欧洲人的比例是15%。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“between rich and pr”以及“As a result, she said, “We have shrter healthy wrking lives, prer educatin systems, mre crime, and less happy scieties.”(因此，她说，“我们的健康工作寿命更短，教育体系更差，犯罪更多，社会更不幸福。”)”可知，穷人和富人存在明显不同，因此导致了一系列的社会问题。故划线词意思是“不同的”。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Pverty has frced mst Eurpeans t skip (跳过) meals during the past three years, accrding t a survey cnducted by Ipss n behalf f the charity French Securs Ppulaire, which supprts peple n lw incmes. The survey f 10,000 Eurpeans in 10 natins asked whether mney wrries had wrsened r imprved during the past three years. Mre than half said their situatin had wrsened, with 29 percent saying they were s shrt f mney that a single unexpected expense wuld put them int difficulty.(Ipss代表支持低收入人群的慈善机构“法国民众援助”进行的一项调查显示，在过去三年里，贫困迫使大多数欧洲人不吃饭。这项对10个国家的1万名欧洲人进行的调查询问了在过去三年中，人们对金钱的担忧是恶化了还是改善了。超过一半的人说他们的情况恶化了，29%的人说他们非常缺钱，一笔意外开支就会让他们陷入困境)”结合文章主要说明了有研究表明，欧洲贫富差距加剧，贫困人口在增加，由此产生了一系列社会问题。可知，A选项“研究表明欧洲的贫困人口在增加”最符合文章标题。故选A。
16．F 17．G 18．D 19．A 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在美国无车生活方式的可能性和挑战，以Culdesac社区为例，分析了美国大部分城市为汽车友好设计的问题，以及拥有汽车可能带来的经济负担。同时，文章也提出了克服这些障碍、实现更健康、更经济的生活方式的可能性。
16．根据空前内容“Culdesac admitted its first thirty-six residents in Tempe, Arizna, US, earlier this year.(今年早些时候，Culdesac在美国亚利桑那州坦佩市接收了首批36名居民。)”可知，上文提出“Culdesac”这个社区。选项F“It describes itself as the first car-free neighburhd built in the US(它自称是美国第一个无车社区)”自然延续上文内容，继续介绍“Culdesac”。故选F。
17．分析句子成分，根据空后的“althugh sme densely(稠密地) ppulated cstal US cities like Bstn and New Yrk City are walkable and have varius public transprtatin ptins like bus and light rail.(虽然一些人口密集的美国沿海城市如波士顿和纽约是步行的，有各种公共交通选择，如公共汽车和轻轨。)”可判断，空处为主句，且和下文存在转折关系。选项G“The vast majrity f Americans are entirely dependent n cars t get arund(绝大多数美国人完全依赖汽车出行)”指出绝大多数美国人完全依赖汽车出行。与下文“In the 2019 US Census, it was fund that rughly 85% f Americans relied n a car t get t wrk.(在2019年的美国人口普查中，发现大约85%的美国人依赖汽车上班。)”保持一致。故选G。
18．根据下文“In a 2023 study, the American Autmbile Assciatin said that it csts an average f abut $12,000 per year t wn and maintain a car in the US.(在2023年的一项研究中，美国汽车协会表示，在美国，拥有和维护一辆汽车的平均成本约为每年1.2万美元。)”可知，拥有和维护一辆汽车的成本很高。选项D“This reliance n cars desn’t cme cheap, unfrtunately(遗憾的是，这种对汽车的依赖并不便宜)”与下文内容一致，指的是依赖汽车的成本很高。故选D。
19．根据下文“By embracing a new car-free way f living, US prjects like Culdesac can prvide an alternative way f living that is bth healthier and mre affrdable and, in turn, influence thers t live a better way as well.(通过拥抱一种新的无车生活方式，像Culdesac这样的美国项目可以提供一种更健康、更实惠的替代生活方式，进而影响其他人也以更好的方式生活。)”再结合上文内容可知，对汽车的依赖成本偏高可知，而下文则提出一种解决方案。选项A“Still, there is hpe(不过还是有希望的)”承上启下，承接上文内容提出下文Culdesac这一社区，指出这个社区提供了一种更健康、更实惠的替代生活方式。故选A。
20．根据空后的“Freedm is being t just simply walk ut and access places.(自由就是简单地走出去，进入各个地方。)”可知，下文指出对Vanessa Fx而言，什么是自由。选项E“Fr sme, cars equal freedm, but fr me, it’s a restrictin(对一些人来说，汽车意味着自由，但对我来说，它是一种限制)”指出对Vanessa Fx,而言，汽车是一种限制，简单地走出去进入各个地方才是真正的自由。故选E。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述一个具体团队的运作方式和他们的成功经历，展示了有效团队的特点和价值，详细叙述了作者与团队成员的交流，以及团队成员对于团队发展和运作的见解，从而揭示了团队成功的秘诀。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者允许团队成员建立团队合作，调整其工作流程，并作为与组织其他成员的沟通渠道。A. leader领导者；B. learner学习者；C. waiter侍者；D. custmer顾客。根据上文“The true test f an effective team is ne where the members perate as a self-managing team.”以及空后的“allws the members n the team t establish teamwrk”可推测，空处指的是领导者允许团队成员建立团队合作。故选A。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：领导者允许团队成员建立团队合作，调整其工作流程，并作为与组织其他成员的沟通渠道。A. defend against为……申辩；B. lk int调查；C. leave ut省去、不考虑；D. serve as担任。根据空后的“a cmmunicatin channel”可知，这是领导者应该担当的角色。故选D。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：以下是他们作为团队脱颖而出的故事。A. set ut出发、开始；B. stand ut脱颖而出；C. wrk ut锻炼、计算出、解决；D. run ut用尽、耗尽。根据上文“I fllwed up with ne f ur custmers t see first-hand what a very successful team lked and felt like.”可知，这支团队非常成功，由此可知，空处指的是脱颖而出。故选B。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个小组由18名成员组成，他们在位于德克萨斯州的一家制造工厂工作。A. accunts fr占据、是……的原因；B. cncentrates n集中注意力于……；C. cnsists f由……组成；D. cares abut关心。根据空后的“eighteen members”以及句意可知，空处指的是“由……组成”，符合句意。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的工作条件不是最好的。A. cnditins条件、情况；B. habits习惯；C. states状态、州；D. attitudes态度。根据下文“During the night when I ____6____ them, they were perfrming a ht and dirty jb and ____7____ that, they wrked frm 12 pm t 8 am.”可知，他们的工作条件并不是很好。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我观察他们的晚上，他们正在从事一项又热又脏的工作，除此之外，他们从晚上12点工作到早上8点。A. bthered烦扰；B. reminded提醒；C. trained培训；D. bserved观察、庆祝。根据上文“I fllwed up with ne f ur custmers t see first-hand what a very successful team lked and felt like.”可知，作者亲自跟进了这个成功的团队，由此可知，作者是在观察他们的工作。故选D。
27．考查短语词义辨析。句意：在我观察他们的晚上，他们正在从事一项又热又脏的工作，除此之外，他们从晚上12点工作到早上8点。A. far frm远离、一点也不；B. in return fr作为……的回报；C. apart frm除了；D. in case f以防……。根据空前“they were perfrming a ht and dirty jb”以及空后“they wrked frm 12 pm t 8 am.”可知，空前空后都是描述了他们工作的情况。由此可推测，空处指的是“除……以外”。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的薪酬也并非优厚，而且他们所制造的产品有一种大多数人无法忍受的难闻气味。A. pay薪资；B. md情绪；C. diet规律饮食；D. rent租金。根据下文“the prducts they were making had a terrible ____9____, which mst peple can’t stand.”以及上文所说的工作条件差可推测，这个团队的薪酬也并不是最好的。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的薪酬也并非优厚，而且他们所制造的产品有一种大多数人无法忍受的难闻气味。A. delivery递送；B. smell气味；C. quality质量；D. shape形状。根据下文“which mst peple can’t stand.”可推测，这些产品还会发出难闻的气味。选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我之所以知道这些信息，是因为当你有机会亲眼看到一个团队是如何真正运作时，你会想要揭示他们的秘密。A. cmpare比较；B. uncver揭开；C. adjust调整、适应；D. keep维持。根据下文“S I was lking fr answers.”可知，作者想要揭开该团队成功的秘密。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说：“每个成员都玩得很开心，我们彼此都很协调，我们有很强的团队精神，相信我们的目标，在没有正式领导的情况下进行运营。我们有着‘共享’的理念。”A. taste味觉、品味；B. bite一口；C. review复习、回顾；D. sense感觉。根据上文“we are in tune (协调)with each ther”可知，团队每个人都很协调，由此可知该团队拥有团队精神。sense f team spirit意思为：团队精神。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说：“每个成员都玩得很开心，我们彼此都很协调，我们有很强的团队精神，相信我们的目标，在没有正式领导的情况下进行运营。我们有着‘共享’的理念。”A. limitatin限制；B. prejudice偏见；C. purpse目标；D. cmplaint抱怨。根据上下文内容可知，该团队成功的原因是拥有目标，所以有自驱力，不需要正式的领导也可以进行运营。故选C。
33．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：与其他156支团队相比，他们被形容为“特别”。A. special特别的；B. nrmal正常的；C. hesitant迟疑的；D. ridiculus荒谬的。根据上文“Their hard wrk and effrt paid ff as they became knwn as “the stars” f the cmpany.”可知，他们团队和其他156支队伍并不相同，因此他们是特别的。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们因受到积极的关注和成为最好的团队而产生的自豪感而备受鼓舞。A. pity同情、怜悯；B. security安全性；C. pride自豪；D. tense紧张。根据空后的“that went alng with being the best”以及常理可知，成为最好的团队会产生一种自豪感。故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个团队之所以能够保持自我驱动和自我指导，是因为他们被允许超越自己的“个体自我”。A. self-centered以自我为中心的；B. self-emplyed自己经营的；C. self-funded自筹资金的；D. self-driven自励的。根据文章第一段“The true test f an effective team is ne where the members perate as a self-managing team.”以及空后“self-directed”可推测，空处指的是能够自我管理，自我驱动。故选D。
36．the 37．its 38．abandned 39．had been 40．with 41．where 42．cperatin 43．persuasive 44．T prmte 45．cllectively
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了浙江省安吉县洪庙村一家由废弃矿井改造而成的乡村咖啡馆在国庆假期期间的销售记录，以及安吉县作为“中国咖啡之城”的发展情况和乡村振兴的举措。
36．考查冠词。句意：2023年10月2日，也就是中秋节和国庆假期的第四天，东部省份浙江的一家乡村咖啡店卖出了7100多杯咖啡。修饰名词“prvince”，表示特指，用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
37．考查代词。句意：它打破了自己在今年5月劳动节期间卖出5100多杯咖啡的纪录。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词性物主代词修饰空后的“recrd”。故填its。
38．考查形容词。句意：安吉县梅溪镇红庙村的深蓝X咖啡馆，建在一个闲置了10多年的废弃矿山的基础上。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当前置定语，修饰空后的名词“mine”，意为“废弃的”。故填abandned。
39．考查谓语动词。句意：安吉县梅溪镇红庙村的深蓝X咖啡馆，建在一个闲置了10多年的废弃矿山的基础上。这里为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意及fr mre than 10 years可知，“矿山闲置”发生在“建造咖啡馆”之前，从句时态为过去完成时。故填had been。
40．考查固定短语。句意：安吉是一个多山的县，位于安徽省北部，人口约为58万，这里有300多家咖啡店，人均咖啡馆数量超过了上海。固定短语：with a ppulatin f，意为“拥有……人口”，符合句意。故填with。
41．考查定语从句。句意：例如，当地党支部书记Shen Yngtian对上海的朱家角水乡进行了实地考察，那里的露营业发展迅速。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Shanghai’s Zhujiajia Water Twn”，在非限制性定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
42．考查名词。句意：据Shen说，去年年初，一群大学生提议与该村合作建一家咖啡馆。固定短语：in cperatin with，意为“与……合作”，名词作宾语，符合句意。故填cperatin。
43．考查形容词。句意：Shen说，“他们的详细提案相当有说服力。”分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式担当表语，和空后的“cnvincing”保持一致，表示“有说服力的”。故填persuasive。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步推进乡村振兴，安吉村广泛采用“两投三酬”模式，即居民和村庄共同投入资金和资源，通过合作公司或创业团队经营，获得租金、工资和分红。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填T prmte。
45．考查副词。句意：为了进一步推进乡村振兴，安吉村广泛采用“两投三酬”模式，即居民和村庄共同投入资金和资源，通过合作公司或创业团队经营，获得租金、工资和分红。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词。故填cllectively。
46．Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua. I am writing t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.
I am passinate abut sprts and pssess excellent writing and cmmunicatin skills. As a respnsible and reliable individual, I can accurately reprt n sprts events and capture the wnderful mments. I als have sme experience in multitasking and wrking under pressure, which will enable me t handle the jb effectively. Please cnsider my applicatin and I wuld be delighted t discuss my qualificatins further.
Thank yu fr yur time and cnsideratin. I am lking frward t yur psitive respnse.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的应聘信。要求考生写一封电子邮件，向校网站应聘在校运动会上担当记者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
拥有：pssess→ be pssessed f
处理：handle → deal with
考虑：cnsider → take…int cnsideratin
高兴的：delighted→ happy/pleased
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.
拓展句：The reasn fr my writing is that I want t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I als have sme experience in multitasking and wrking under pressure, which will enable me t handle the jb effectively.（运用了which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I am writing t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
47．One pssible versin:
It seemed that we were in a desperate situatin. Guilt came crwding in, and I felt I was t blame fr this. With my head lwered, I murmured, “Srry, it was my fault.” Darcy was busy finding a shelter fr us. Hearing this, she turned arund and threw her arms arund me, “Dn’t be silly. I’m cunting n yur ‘smart’ phne t save me.” With a smile, I cllected myself and assisted Darcy in finding a hiding place. Never befre had I been s thankful fr having Darcy as my travelling cmpanin. T stay alert during the night, Darcy suggested lking thrugh phts I had taken and sure enugh, I dialed Grace’s phne number again and again.
Trapped there, we wndered whether and hw rescuers culd find us. Eventually, we saw faint lights acrss the canyn. My heart nearly burst ut f my bdy, and we felt like the angel cming. It must be the rescuers’ light! I rse t my feet and made all my effrts t wave and scream. But it seemed useless. Suddenly, it ccurred t me that I culd turn n the flashlight f the cellphne as a signal. It wrked! The rescuers respnded t us by flashing the lights. At that mment, Darcy and I gave each ther a heartfelt smile. I knew the real angel was standing by my side!
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者与好友Darcy在一次户外探险中意外遭遇洪水，并在绝望中通过智慧和勇气最终获得救援的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们似乎处于绝望的境地。”以及第二段首句内容“我们被困在那里，不知道救援人员能否以及如何找到我们。”可知，第一段可描写作者的内心非常愧疚，觉得是自己造成了这一切。
②由第二段首句内容“我们被困在那里，不知道救援人员能否以及如何找到我们。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Darcy成功获救。
2.续写线索：作者是一个户外运动爱好者，每年都会探索不同的地区——一天，作者和好友Darcy一起徒步前往一个瀑布——她们并未告知任何人就出发了——作者和Darcy欣赏了宏伟的瀑布，作者也拍到了想拍的照片——然而，突然洪水爆发了，作者和Darcy被困在了山上——作者和Darcy前往较高的地方，手机也有了微弱的信号——作者向房东拨出了求救电话，手机又再次失去了信号——作者很愧疚，Darcy则安慰作者——救援人员终于找到了两人，两人也成功获救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①忙于做某事：be busy ding/be engaged in
②指望：cunt n/depend n
③建议：suggest/advise
情绪类
①感激的：thankful/grateful
②衷心的：heartfelt/sincere
【点睛】【高分句型1】Suddenly, it ccurred t me that I culd turn n the flashlight f the cellphne as a signal.（运用了that引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】I knew the real angel was standing by my side!（运用了省略引导词的宾语从句）
一、阅读理解
Jbs Week: Find Yur Next Jb Here
▲ A Registered Nurse
Average salary: $65,470 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: San Antni, Texas; Chicag, Illinis; Dallas, Texas
In the United States, registered nurses (RNs) are clinicians wh have cmpleted at least an assciate degree in nursing. The Bureau f Labr Statistics (BLS) has identified it as ne f the tp ten ccupatins fr career grwth. RNs can either practice independently r as part f a healthcare team.
▲ A Retail Assciate
Average salary: $21,410 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: Atlanta, Gergia; Hustn, Texas; Chicag, Illinis
Retail wrkers sell prducts and help custmers find the prducts they want. Accrding t the BLS, nearly 14.8 millin peple were emplyed as retail wrkers in 2017. Tp places t find retail psitins include Walmart, Target and Macy’s.
▲ A Truck Driver
Average salary: $46,000 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: Atlanta, Gergia; Hustn, Texas; Indianaplis, Indiana
Truck driving desn’t require a cllege degree and can pay well even at the entry-level stage. It takes a certain kind f persn t wrk the lng weeks away frm hme—but with a high level f demand, it can be a great career chice fr smene wh wants jb security withut the cubicle （格子间）.
▲ A Web Develper
Average salary: $62,500 per year
Tp cities fr hiring: Chicag, Illinis; New Yrk; Atlanta, Gergia
Tech jbs like Web Develper frequently tp lists f the best jbs fr pay, wrk-life balance, and career welfare. The wide use f the Internet means that web develpers are in cntinuus demand, and there are n educatin barriers preventing jb seekers frm learning prgramming languages like Java r Pythn.
1．Wh may get the highest salary every year accrding t the text?
A．A truck driver.B．A web develper.
C．A registered nurse.D．A retail assciate.
2．What is the fact abut retail assciates?
A．They design prducts and help prduce them.
B．They help custmers get their desired prducts.
C．They must have an assciate degree in business.
D．They shuld learn prgramming languages like Java r Pythn.
3．What can we infer frm the cntent abut a web develper?
A．They can find a jb mre easily.
B．They can wrk as part f a healthcare team.
C．Designing a web desn’t require much mental wrk.
D．The jb is fit fr smene wh desn’t need a cubicle.
I’ve wrked in the factries surrunding my hmetwn every summer since I graduated frm high schl. But making the transitin between schl and full-time blue-cllar wrk during the break never gets any easier. Fr a student like me wh cnsiders any class befre nn t be uncivilized, getting t a factry by 6 ’clck each mrning is a kind f suffering. My friends never seem t understand why I’m s relieved t be back at schl r that my summer vacatin has been anything but a vacatin.
There are few peple as self-cnfident as a cllege student wh has never been ut in the real wrld. Peple f my age always seem t verestimate(高估)the value f their time and knwledge. In fact, all the classes did nt prepare me fr my battles with the machine I ran in the plant, which wuld jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward r upside dwn.
The mst stressful thing abut blue-cllar life is knwing yur jb culd disappear vernight. Issues like dwnsizing(裁员)and verseas relcatin(重新安置)had always seemed distant t me until my c-wrkers tld me that the unit I was wrking in wuld shut dwn within six mnths and mve t Mexic, where peple wuld wrk fr 60 cents an hur.
After wrking 12-hur shifts in a factry, the ther ptins have becme nly t clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems t irrespnsible after seeing what I wuld be ding withut schl. All the advice and public-service annuncements abut the value f educatin that used t sund bring nw ring true.
These lessns I’m learning, hwever precius, are always accmpauied by a sense f guilt. Many peple pass their lives in the places I briefly wrk, spending 30 years where I spend nly tw mnths at a time. “This jb pays well, but it’s a kind f physical suffering,” said ne c-wrker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factries have inspired me t make the mst f my cllege years befre I enter the real wrld fr gd.
4．Hw des the authr feel after his summer vacatin?
A．Exhausted.B．Happy.C．Discuraged.D．Cnfident.
5．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2?
A．A cllege student wh has never been ut in the real wrld is hardly self-cnfident.
B．Peple f the authr’s age seem t ignre the value f their time and knwledge.
C．What the authr learned at schl didn’t apply t his wrk in the factry.
D．The authr hardly made mistakes when making use f the machine.
6．What did the authr’s clleagues reveal t the authr accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．They might lse their jb sn.
B．The unit wuld take in mre staff.
C．They wuld cntinue wrking in Mexic.
D．The unit had run f mney and wuld stp perating.
7．What des the authr emphasize in the last three paragraphs?
A．The cnsequence f the authr’s skipping classes.
B．The purpse f the authr’s wrking in the plant.
C．The way many peple pass their lives in the plant.
D．The significance f the authr’s receiving educatin.
Next time yu hear peple say that Neanderthals (穴居人), an extinct type f man living in Eurpe in the Stne Age, aren’t s bright, tell them this stry.
At least 400,000 years ag, campfires went mainstream as early humans used them as a means f survival. As time went by, they made fires inside the caves where they lived and did s withut a fireplace (壁炉) r a chimney.
This is n easy skill. “When yu make a fire in an enclsed space, there is a danger f breathing in smke. And in many cases, it desn’t allw ne even t stay near the fire because f smke,” said Ran Barkai, an archaelgist at Tel Aviv University.
S hw did Neanderthals d it? Barkai and his team were determined t find ut. They built a virtual mdel f the Lazaret Cave n France’s Mediterranean cast—a place early humans called hme 170,000 years ag. The scientists placed 16 fireplaces thrughut the cave and studied where the smke went. “In the middle f the cave is the best place if yu wish t avid as much smke as pssible,” said Barkai. As it happens, the middle f the cave is exactly where prehistric peple put their fires fr generatins.
Barkai said there was a bit f trial and errr invlved. “It’s clear t us that Neanderthals made a survey f the cave nce they entered and invited a Neanderthal internal designer. And then they decided where they put the kitchen, the sleeping area and s n,” he said.
Sarah Hlubik f Gerge Washingtn University wasn’t invlved in the study but called it clever. “The experiment illustrates hw early humans used their intelligence t deal with a punishing climate. What I want mst is t take a lk at ther sites that have relatively cmplete and undamaged caves and see if the practice supprts their cnclusin,” she said.
8．What can we knw frm Paragraph 2?
A．Neanderthals used a fireplace in a unique way.
B．The caves where Neanderthals lived had a chimney.
C．Neanderthals relying n campfires breathed in much smke.
D．The way Neanderthals made use f fires develped ver time.
9．Why did Barkai’s team build a virtual mdel f the Lazaret Cave?
A．T chse the perfect place fr the 16 fireplaces.
B．T study prehistric humans’ hbbies and habits.
C．T research what materials Neanderthals burnt t make fires.
D．T find ut hw Neanderthals used fires in an enclsed place.
10．Hw did early Neanderthals avid smke when making fires?
A．By keeping the fires away frm the bedrms.
B．By putting the fires at the entrance f the cave.
C．By making fires in the central part f the cave.
D．By making sme hles in the cave t let smke ut.
11．Hw did Sarah Hlubik evaluate the experiment?
A．Its result seemed t be quite believable.
B．Its results needed mre supprting evidence.
C．Its results were nt as reliable as she had thught.
D．Its results were the same as sme ther studies had revealed.
Pverty has frced mst Eurpeans t skip (跳过) meals during the past three years, accrding t a survey cnducted by Ipss n behalf f the charity French Securs Ppulaire, which supprts peple n lw incmes. The survey f 10,000 Eurpeans in 10 natins asked whether mney wrries had wrsened r imprved during the past three years. Mre than half said their situatin had wrsened, with 29 percent saying they were s shrt f mney that a single unexpected expense wuld put them int difficulty. The results, published n Mnday in the charity’s Eurpean Barmeter n Pverty and Precariusness, fund 38 percent f Eurpeans were n lnger able t eat three meals a day n a regular basis. And 21 percent f parents had skipped meals s they culd feed their children.
The survey quizzed peple living in France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mldva, Pland, Prtugal, Rmania, Serbia, and the United Kingdm. The pllsters fund the main reasn fr the pr financial situatin in many Eurpean families was the fast-rising cst f gds and services, with price inflatin (通货膨胀) increasing by three times during 2022 and the cst f husing, water, and fuel rising by 18 percent during the curse f a year. At the same time wages remained relatively unchanged.
The survey fllwed ther recent wrrying assessments f increasing levels f pverty thrughut Eurpe, with Eurstat, the Eurpean Unin’s statistics agency reprting 17 percent f the ppulatin f the 27-natin grup was “at risk f pverty” and that nly 15percent f Eurpeans had enugh mney nt t have financial wrries. Anther survey, cnducted by the Jseph Rwntree Fundatin in June, fund the UK had 5.7 millin lw-incme husehlds that were s lacking in mney that they had n adequate access t fd.
And anther survey, by the Equality Trust, fund the great difference between rich and pr in the UK was actually being wrsened by the gvernment, which, it cncluded, was spending mre mney than any ther Eurpean natin n subsidizing (补贴) the rich thrugh structural inequality. Priya Sahni-Nichlas, the c-executive directr f the Equality Trust, tld The Guardian newspaper the grwing chasm between rich and pr was “causing huge damage” t the ecnmy. As a result, she said, “We have shrter healthy wrking lives, prer educatin systems, mre crime, and less happy scieties.” The survey released this week fr French Securs Ppulaire fund mney wrries amng Eurpe’s ppulatin nw mean a significant number f peple have turned ff heaters, avided treatment fr medical prblems, and brrwed mney r ther things as a result. The survey fund ne persn in 12in Italy is in “abslute pverty” and relies n discunted fd and fd banks. And the situatin was even wrse in Greece and Mldva, which had mre peple at risk frm pverty than any ther Eurpean natin.
12．Why is there a pr financial situatin in many Eurpean families?
A．On accunt f increasing taxes.B．Because f their pay’s being cut.
C．Owing t many peple’s lsing jbs.D．Due t rising prices f gds and services.
13．What is the percentage f Eurpeans wh had n financial wrries?
A．15%.B．17%.C．18%.D．21%.
14．What is the pssible meaning f the underlined wrd “chasm” in the last paragraph?
A．Misunderstanding.B．Difference.C．Cnflict.D．Cncern.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the news reprt?
A．Study shws rising pverty in Eurpe
B．Wages remain relatively unchanged in Eurpe
C．Pr peple in Eurpe rely n discunted fd
D．Survey quizzes peple living in rich Eurpean cuntries
Living car-free in the US
Culdesac admitted its first thirty-six residents in Tempe, Arizna, US, earlier this year. 16 . The $170 millin neighbrhd, with its white buildings and narrw walkways(走道), is expected t hld arund 1,000 peple when the full 760 units are cmpleted by 2025, accrding t The Guardian. Similar prjects in Charltte, Nrth Carlina, and Hustn, Texas, are als underway, said Blmberg.
In a cuntry as car-dependent as the US, Culdesac is nthing shrt f visinary (有远见的). 17 althugh sme densely(稠密地) ppulated cstal US cities like Bstn and New Yrk City are walkable and have varius public transprtatin ptins like bus and light rail. In the 2019 US Census, it was fund that rughly 85% f Americans relied n a car t get t wrk. 18 . In a 2023 study, the American Autmbile Assciatin said that it csts an average f abut $12,000 per year t wn and maintain a car in the US. S, what is stpping Americans frm abandning cars and embracing relatively cheaper alternatives like e-bikes? In a wrd, unsafe rads that priritize cars ver peple. Accrding t a 2019 reprt by the Wrld Health Organizatin, the US traffic fatality rate is 12.4 deaths per 100,000. At the same time, pedestrians and cyclists in the US are ften blamed fr being hit by drivers rather than the ther way arund.
19 . By embracing a new car-free way f living, US prjects like Culdesac can prvide an alternative way f living that is bth healthier and mre affrdable and, in turn, influence thers t live a better way as well. As Vanessa Fx, a 32-year-ld resident f Culdesac, said, “ 20 . Freedm is being t just simply walk ut and access places.”
A．Still, there is hpe
B．Cars are allwed, but parking is limited
C．This can effectively avid traffic accidents n a rad
D．This reliance n cars desn’t cme cheap, unfrtunately
E．Fr sme, cars equal freedm, but fr me, it’s a restrictin
F．It describes itself as the first car-free neighburhd built in the US
G．The vast majrity f Americans are entirely dependant n cars t get arund
二、完形填空
The true test f an effective team is ne where the members perate as a self-managing team. The 21 allws the members n the team t establish teamwrk, adjust its wrk prcesses, and 22 a cmmunicatin channel t the rest f the rganizatin.
I fllwed up with ne f ur custmers t see first-hand what a very successful team lked and felt like. Here is their stry n what they d t 23 as a team.
This team 24 eighteen members that wrked in a manufacturing facility in Texas. Their wrking 25 were nt the best. During the night when I 26 them, they were perfrming a ht and dirty jb and 27 that, they wrked frm 12 pm t 8 am. Their 28 was nt the best and the prducts they were making had a terrible 29 , which mst peple can’t stand.
The reasn why I knw this infrmatin is that when yu have the pprtunity t see hw a team really wrks, yu want t 30 their secrets. S I was lking fr answers.
As I stayed and cmmunicated with the team members t find ut hw they wrked tgether, they described t me their requirements fr team develpment.
They said, “Each member has a gd time, and we are in tune (协调)with each ther, and we have a great 31 f team spirit, believe in ur 32 , and run the peratin withut a frmal leader in the middle f things. We have a ‘shared’ philsphy.”
Their hard wrk and effrt paid ff as they became knwn as “the stars” f the cmpany. They were described as “ 33 ” cmpared t ther 156 teams. They were mtivated by the psitive attentin, and the 34 that went alng with being the best.
It is clear that this team develped t cmpete fr the gal instead f against each ther. This team has stayed 35 and self-directed because f being allwed t becme mre than their “individual selves”.
21．A．leaderB．learnerC．waiterD．custmer
22．A．defend againstB．lk intC．leave utD．serve as
23．A．set utB．stand utC．wrk utD．run ut
24．A．accunts frB．cncentrates nC．cnsists fD．cares abut
25．A．cnditinsB．habitsC．statesD．attitudes
26．A．btheredB．remindedC．trainedD．bserved
27．A．far frmB．in return frC．apart frmD．in case f
28．A．payB．mdC．dietD．rent
29．A．deliveryB．smellC．qualityD．shape
30．A．cmpareB．uncverC．adjustD．keep
31．A．tasteB．biteC．reviewD．sense
32．A．limitatinB．prejudiceC．purpseD．cmplaint
33．A．specialB．nrmalC．hesitantD．ridiculus
34．A．pityB．securityC．prideD．tense
35．A．self-centeredB．self-emplyedC．self-fundedD．self-driven
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Oct 2, 2023, the furth day f the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Natinal Day hliday, a rural cffee shp in 36 eastern prvince f Zhejiang sld mre than 7,100 cups f the drink. It brke 37 (it) wn recrd f selling mre than 5,100 cups during the Labr Day hliday in May.
The Dark Blue X Cafe in Hngmia village, Meixi twn, Anji cunty, was built n the grunds f an 38 (abandn) mine that 39 (be) idle (闲置的) fr mre than 10 years. The scenery attracts turists frm nearby cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhu, Zhejiang’s capital, and Huzhu, als in Zhejiang.
Described by netizens as an “Iceland-like site in Anji”, the heart-shaped mine shaft (矿井) is 108 meters deep and filled with rainwater, which reflects the deep blue sky.
There are mre than 300 cffee shps in Anji, a muntainus cunty 40 a ppulatin f abut 580,000 in the nrth f the prvince, surpassing Shanghai in terms f per capita cafes. The cunty was declared by Lnely Planet magazine as “China’s City f Cffee in 2022.”
Lcal authrities spent a lng time planning the transfrmatin f the mine int a new business pprtunity. Fr example, Shen Yngtian, secretary f the lcal Party branch, made a fact-finding visit t Shanghai’s Zhujiajia Water Twn, 41 the camping industry was grwing rapidly.
Accrding t Shen, early last year, a grup f cllege students prpsed building a cafe in 42 (cperate) with the village. Their diligent research and innvative plan set them apart frm all ther cmpetitrs. “Their detailed prpsal was rather 43 (persuasin) and cnvincing,” Shen said.
44 (prmte) rural vitalizatin (振兴)further, villages in Anji have widely adpted a mdel called “Tw investments and three returns”, in which residents and the village 45 (cllective) invest capital and resurces, and in return they earn rent, wages and dividends(分红)frm peratins managed by cperating cmpanies r entrepreneurial teams.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，正在英国某高中上学。从你校网站上获悉你校将举办运动会并在招聘相关记者。你打算给相关人员发一封电子邮件应聘，内容包括：
1. 发邮件的原因；
2. 你的能力和特点；
3. 盼望得到肯定的答复。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I am an utdr lver and I’ve made it a rutine t explre different regins annually with a friend during ur vacatin. This year, in additin t beauty f nature, I’ve experienced smething mre.
It was late afternn. A few hurs befre sunset, Darcy and I decided t hike t Acmat Falls, hidden in the rainfrest.
Expecting t spend n mre than an hur at the falls, we wre T-shirts and swimsuits and hadn’t tld anyne where we were ging. After crssing the wide river at a shallw spt and walking upstream abut 100 yards, we reached the falls at arund 4 pm. We dived int the green pl and flated n ur backs, amazed at the canyn(峡谷) walls.
By 4:30, Darcy reminded me that we needed t head back t the car befre dark, but I was waist-deep in the river trying t phtgraph the falls, the hanging vines(葡萄藤), and the dreaminess f the place. Darcy had t wait n a stne. I finally tk a gd pht—and then she screamed.
With a crack like thunder, a vilent wall f water rushed ver the falls, turning the dreamy swimming pl int a churning(旋涡的) mnster. Flash fld! I jumped ut f the river secnds befre the fld crashed ver the spt where I’d just been standing. Darcy climbed bareft ff tward higher grund. Darcy and I climbed up the canyn n all furs, grabbing vines t pull urselves up. I lked ver my shulder and saw that the water had risen 20 feet in less than a minute.
Darcy led us thrugh the dense bush, prickly trees, and ankle-deep mud. After we’d climbed 200 feet, we stpped t catch ur breath. Nw we had a different prblem: The rad was n the ther side f the swllen river. We were stuck in the frested muntain.
We had n rain jackets and were exhausted frm the climb. Darcy asked if I had my phne. It was saking wet, but still blinked n. N service. We decided t mve tward higher grund t get a better signal. It was almst dark. Fr a mment, I gt thrugh, and I heard the faint vice f Grace, ur rental hst. She said she’d call fr help. Then the phne went silent—n signal again.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
It seemed that we were in a desperate situatin.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Trapped there, we wndered whether and hw rescuers culd find us.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要围绕四个职业——注册护士、零售店员、卡车司机和网页开发者进行说明，介绍了这些职业的平均薪资、招聘量最大的城市以及职业特点，帮助读者了解这些职业的相关信息，以便他们根据自己的兴趣和需求来选择合适的职业。
1．细节理解题。根据文章A Registered Nurse部分中的“Average salary: $65,470 per year(平均年薪：65,470美元)”、A Retail Assciate部分中的“Average salary: $21,410 per year(平均年薪：21410美元)”、A Truck Driver部分中的“Average salary: $46,000 per year(平均年薪：4.6万美元)”和A Web Develper部分中的“Average salary: $62,500 per year(平均年薪：62,500美元)”可知，平均年薪最高的职业是“A Registered Nurse”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章A Retail Assciate部分中“Retail wrkers sell prducts and help custmers find the prducts they want.(零售助理销售产品并帮助顾客找到他们想要的产品)”可知，零售助理帮助顾客找到他们想要的产品。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章A Web Develper部分中的“The wide use f the Internet means that web develpers are in cntinuus demand, and there are n educatin barriers preventing jb seekers frm learning prgramming languages like Java r Pythn.(互联网的广泛使用意味着对web开发人员的需求是持续的，并且没有教育障碍阻止求职者学习像Java或Pythn这样的编程语言)”可知，互联网的广泛使用意味着对Web开发人员的需求是持续的；由此推知，网络开发员更容易找到工作。故选A。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者从高中毕业以后每个夏天在家乡附近工厂工作的经历，以及这些经历如何影响了他对学习和工作的看法。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“My friends never seem t understand why I’m s relieved t be back at schl r that my summer vacatin has been anything but a vacatin.(我的朋友们似乎从来都不明白，为什么回到学校后我如释重负，或者我的暑假一点都不像假期)”可知，作者暑假结束回到学校后会感到如释重负，也就是感到快乐。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Peple f my age always seem t verestimate the value f their time and knwledge. In fact, all the classes did nt prepare me fr my battles with the machine I ran in the plant, which wuld jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward r upside dwn.(像我这样年纪的人似乎总是高估他们的时间和知识的价值。事实上，所有的课程都没有让我做好与我在工厂里运行的机器战斗的准备，每当我心不在焉地把一个零件倒着或倒着放进去时，它就会卡住)”可推断出，作者在学校学到的东西并不适用于他在工厂的工作。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The mst stressful thing abut blue-cllar life is knwing yur jb culd disappear vernight. Issues like dwnsizing and verseas relcatin had always seemed distant t me until my c-wrkers tld me that the unit I was wrking in wuld shut dwn within six mnths and mve t Mexic, where peple wuld wrk fr 60 cents an hur.(蓝领生活中压力最大的事情就是知道你的工作可能一夜之间消失。裁员和海外重新安置等问题对我来说一直很遥远，直到我的同事告诉我，我所在的单位将在六个月内关闭，搬到墨西哥，那里的人每小时的工资是60美分)”可知，作者的同事向作者透露作者所在的单位将在六个月内关闭，搬到墨西哥，也就是他们可能很快就会失业。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems t irrespnsible after seeing what I wuld be ding withut schl. All the advice and public-service annuncements abut the value f educatin that used t sund bring nw ring true.(当我回到大学的时候，逃课和交懒惰的重写似乎太不负责任了，因为我看到了没有学校我会做什么。所有关于教育价值的建议和公共服务公告过去听起来很无聊，现在听起来很真实)”、第五段““Study hard and keep reading,” she added. (努力学习，坚持阅读，”她补充道。)”以及最后一段“My experiences in the factries have inspired me t make the mst f my cllege years befre I enter the real wrld fr gd. (我在工厂的经历激励我在进入现实世界之前充分利用我的大学时光)”可知，作者在最后三段强调了接受教育的意义。故选D。
8．D 9．D 10．C 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了考古学家对于穴居人使用火的方式进行研究了，解释了研究的过程以及人们对此研究的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At least 400,000 years ag, campfires went mainstream as early humans used them as a means f survival. As time went by, they made fires inside the caves where they lived and did s withut a fireplace (壁炉) r a chimney.(至少40万年前，营火成为主流，因为早期人类将其作为一种生存手段。随着时间的推移，他们在他们居住的洞穴里生火，而且没有壁炉或烟囱)”可知，穴居人使用火的方式随着时间的推移而发展。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中““When yu make a fire in an enclsed space, there is a danger f breathing in smke. And in many cases, it desn’t allw ne even t stay near the fire because f smke,” said Ran Barkai, an archaelgist at Tel Aviv University.(特拉维夫大学考古学家兰·巴尔凯 (Ran Barkai) 表示：“当你在封闭的空间生火时，存在吸入烟雾的危险。在许多情况下，由于烟雾的存在，甚至不允许人们留在火场附近。”)”和第四段中“S hw did Neanderthals d it? Barkai and his team were determined t find ut. They built a virtual mdel f the Lazaret Cave n France’s Mediterranean cast—a place early humans called hme 170,000 years ag.(那么尼安德特人是怎么做到的呢？巴尔凯和他的团队决心找到答案。他们在法国地中海沿岸建造了一个拉扎雷特洞穴的虚拟模型，这里是17万年前早期人类的家园)”可知，Barkai的团队要建立一个拉扎雷特洞穴的虚拟模型是为了了解穴居人如何在封闭的地方使用火。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the middle f the cave is the best place if yu wish t avid as much smke as pssible(如果你想尽量避免烟雾，山洞的中央是最好的地方)”可知，早期穴居人在生火时在洞穴的中心部分生火，来避免烟雾。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What I want mst is t take a lk at ther sites that have relatively cmplete and undamaged caves and see if the practice supprts their cnclusin(我最想做的是看看其他拥有相对完整和完好的洞穴的遗址，看看这种做法是否支持他们的结论)”可知，Sarah Hlubik认为这个实验的结果需要更多的支持证据。故选B。
12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明，欧洲贫富差距加剧，贫困人口在增加，由此产生了一系列社会问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The pllsters fund the main reasn fr the pr financial situatin in many Eurpean families was the fast-rising cst f gds and services, with price inflatin (通货膨胀) increasing by three times during 2022 and the cst f husing, water, and fuel rising by 18 percent during the curse f a year. At the same time wages remained relatively unchanged.(调查人员发现，许多欧洲家庭财务状况不佳的主要原因是商品和服务成本的快速上涨，物价在2022年上涨了三倍，住房、水和燃料的成本在一年内上涨了18%。与此同时，工资水平保持相对不变)”可知，许多欧洲家庭的经济状况不佳是由于商品和服务价格的上涨。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The survey fllwed ther recent wrrying assessments f increasing levels f pverty thrughut Eurpe, with Eurstat, the Eurpean Unin’s statistics agency reprting 17 percent f the ppulatin f the 27-natin grup was “at risk f pverty” and that nly 15percent f Eurpeans had enugh mney nt t have financial wrries. (在这项调查之前，欧盟统计机构欧盟统计局报告称，欧盟27个成员国中有17%的人口“面临贫困风险”，只有15%的欧洲人有足够的钱不用担心经济问题)”可知，没有财务担忧的欧洲人的比例是15%。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“between rich and pr”以及“As a result, she said, “We have shrter healthy wrking lives, prer educatin systems, mre crime, and less happy scieties.”(因此，她说，“我们的健康工作寿命更短，教育体系更差，犯罪更多，社会更不幸福。”)”可知，穷人和富人存在明显不同，因此导致了一系列的社会问题。故划线词意思是“不同的”。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Pverty has frced mst Eurpeans t skip (跳过) meals during the past three years, accrding t a survey cnducted by Ipss n behalf f the charity French Securs Ppulaire, which supprts peple n lw incmes. The survey f 10,000 Eurpeans in 10 natins asked whether mney wrries had wrsened r imprved during the past three years. Mre than half said their situatin had wrsened, with 29 percent saying they were s shrt f mney that a single unexpected expense wuld put them int difficulty.(Ipss代表支持低收入人群的慈善机构“法国民众援助”进行的一项调查显示，在过去三年里，贫困迫使大多数欧洲人不吃饭。这项对10个国家的1万名欧洲人进行的调查询问了在过去三年中，人们对金钱的担忧是恶化了还是改善了。超过一半的人说他们的情况恶化了，29%的人说他们非常缺钱，一笔意外开支就会让他们陷入困境)”结合文章主要说明了有研究表明，欧洲贫富差距加剧，贫困人口在增加，由此产生了一系列社会问题。可知，A选项“研究表明欧洲的贫困人口在增加”最符合文章标题。故选A。
16．F 17．G 18．D 19．A 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在美国无车生活方式的可能性和挑战，以Culdesac社区为例，分析了美国大部分城市为汽车友好设计的问题，以及拥有汽车可能带来的经济负担。同时，文章也提出了克服这些障碍、实现更健康、更经济的生活方式的可能性。
16．根据空前内容“Culdesac admitted its first thirty-six residents in Tempe, Arizna, US, earlier this year.(今年早些时候，Culdesac在美国亚利桑那州坦佩市接收了首批36名居民。)”可知，上文提出“Culdesac”这个社区。选项F“It describes itself as the first car-free neighburhd built in the US(它自称是美国第一个无车社区)”自然延续上文内容，继续介绍“Culdesac”。故选F。
17．分析句子成分，根据空后的“althugh sme densely(稠密地) ppulated cstal US cities like Bstn and New Yrk City are walkable and have varius public transprtatin ptins like bus and light rail.(虽然一些人口密集的美国沿海城市如波士顿和纽约是步行的，有各种公共交通选择，如公共汽车和轻轨。)”可判断，空处为主句，且和下文存在转折关系。选项G“The vast majrity f Americans are entirely dependent n cars t get arund(绝大多数美国人完全依赖汽车出行)”指出绝大多数美国人完全依赖汽车出行。与下文“In the 2019 US Census, it was fund that rughly 85% f Americans relied n a car t get t wrk.(在2019年的美国人口普查中，发现大约85%的美国人依赖汽车上班。)”保持一致。故选G。
18．根据下文“In a 2023 study, the American Autmbile Assciatin said that it csts an average f abut $12,000 per year t wn and maintain a car in the US.(在2023年的一项研究中，美国汽车协会表示，在美国，拥有和维护一辆汽车的平均成本约为每年1.2万美元。)”可知，拥有和维护一辆汽车的成本很高。选项D“This reliance n cars desn’t cme cheap, unfrtunately(遗憾的是，这种对汽车的依赖并不便宜)”与下文内容一致，指的是依赖汽车的成本很高。故选D。
19．根据下文“By embracing a new car-free way f living, US prjects like Culdesac can prvide an alternative way f living that is bth healthier and mre affrdable and, in turn, influence thers t live a better way as well.(通过拥抱一种新的无车生活方式，像Culdesac这样的美国项目可以提供一种更健康、更实惠的替代生活方式，进而影响其他人也以更好的方式生活。)”再结合上文内容可知，对汽车的依赖成本偏高可知，而下文则提出一种解决方案。选项A“Still, there is hpe(不过还是有希望的)”承上启下，承接上文内容提出下文Culdesac这一社区，指出这个社区提供了一种更健康、更实惠的替代生活方式。故选A。
20．根据空后的“Freedm is being t just simply walk ut and access places.(自由就是简单地走出去，进入各个地方。)”可知，下文指出对Vanessa Fx而言，什么是自由。选项E“Fr sme, cars equal freedm, but fr me, it’s a restrictin(对一些人来说，汽车意味着自由，但对我来说，它是一种限制)”指出对Vanessa Fx,而言，汽车是一种限制，简单地走出去进入各个地方才是真正的自由。故选E。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述一个具体团队的运作方式和他们的成功经历，展示了有效团队的特点和价值，详细叙述了作者与团队成员的交流，以及团队成员对于团队发展和运作的见解，从而揭示了团队成功的秘诀。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者允许团队成员建立团队合作，调整其工作流程，并作为与组织其他成员的沟通渠道。A. leader领导者；B. learner学习者；C. waiter侍者；D. custmer顾客。根据上文“The true test f an effective team is ne where the members perate as a self-managing team.”以及空后的“allws the members n the team t establish teamwrk”可推测，空处指的是领导者允许团队成员建立团队合作。故选A。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：领导者允许团队成员建立团队合作，调整其工作流程，并作为与组织其他成员的沟通渠道。A. defend against为……申辩；B. lk int调查；C. leave ut省去、不考虑；D. serve as担任。根据空后的“a cmmunicatin channel”可知，这是领导者应该担当的角色。故选D。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：以下是他们作为团队脱颖而出的故事。A. set ut出发、开始；B. stand ut脱颖而出；C. wrk ut锻炼、计算出、解决；D. run ut用尽、耗尽。根据上文“I fllwed up with ne f ur custmers t see first-hand what a very successful team lked and felt like.”可知，这支团队非常成功，由此可知，空处指的是脱颖而出。故选B。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个小组由18名成员组成，他们在位于德克萨斯州的一家制造工厂工作。A. accunts fr占据、是……的原因；B. cncentrates n集中注意力于……；C. cnsists f由……组成；D. cares abut关心。根据空后的“eighteen members”以及句意可知，空处指的是“由……组成”，符合句意。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的工作条件不是最好的。A. cnditins条件、情况；B. habits习惯；C. states状态、州；D. attitudes态度。根据下文“During the night when I ____6____ them, they were perfrming a ht and dirty jb and ____7____ that, they wrked frm 12 pm t 8 am.”可知，他们的工作条件并不是很好。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我观察他们的晚上，他们正在从事一项又热又脏的工作，除此之外，他们从晚上12点工作到早上8点。A. bthered烦扰；B. reminded提醒；C. trained培训；D. bserved观察、庆祝。根据上文“I fllwed up with ne f ur custmers t see first-hand what a very successful team lked and felt like.”可知，作者亲自跟进了这个成功的团队，由此可知，作者是在观察他们的工作。故选D。
27．考查短语词义辨析。句意：在我观察他们的晚上，他们正在从事一项又热又脏的工作，除此之外，他们从晚上12点工作到早上8点。A. far frm远离、一点也不；B. in return fr作为……的回报；C. apart frm除了；D. in case f以防……。根据空前“they were perfrming a ht and dirty jb”以及空后“they wrked frm 12 pm t 8 am.”可知，空前空后都是描述了他们工作的情况。由此可推测，空处指的是“除……以外”。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的薪酬也并非优厚，而且他们所制造的产品有一种大多数人无法忍受的难闻气味。A. pay薪资；B. md情绪；C. diet规律饮食；D. rent租金。根据下文“the prducts they were making had a terrible ____9____, which mst peple can’t stand.”以及上文所说的工作条件差可推测，这个团队的薪酬也并不是最好的。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的薪酬也并非优厚，而且他们所制造的产品有一种大多数人无法忍受的难闻气味。A. delivery递送；B. smell气味；C. quality质量；D. shape形状。根据下文“which mst peple can’t stand.”可推测，这些产品还会发出难闻的气味。选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我之所以知道这些信息，是因为当你有机会亲眼看到一个团队是如何真正运作时，你会想要揭示他们的秘密。A. cmpare比较；B. uncver揭开；C. adjust调整、适应；D. keep维持。根据下文“S I was lking fr answers.”可知，作者想要揭开该团队成功的秘密。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说：“每个成员都玩得很开心，我们彼此都很协调，我们有很强的团队精神，相信我们的目标，在没有正式领导的情况下进行运营。我们有着‘共享’的理念。”A. taste味觉、品味；B. bite一口；C. review复习、回顾；D. sense感觉。根据上文“we are in tune (协调)with each ther”可知，团队每个人都很协调，由此可知该团队拥有团队精神。sense f team spirit意思为：团队精神。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说：“每个成员都玩得很开心，我们彼此都很协调，我们有很强的团队精神，相信我们的目标，在没有正式领导的情况下进行运营。我们有着‘共享’的理念。”A. limitatin限制；B. prejudice偏见；C. purpse目标；D. cmplaint抱怨。根据上下文内容可知，该团队成功的原因是拥有目标，所以有自驱力，不需要正式的领导也可以进行运营。故选C。
33．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：与其他156支团队相比，他们被形容为“特别”。A. special特别的；B. nrmal正常的；C. hesitant迟疑的；D. ridiculus荒谬的。根据上文“Their hard wrk and effrt paid ff as they became knwn as “the stars” f the cmpany.”可知，他们团队和其他156支队伍并不相同，因此他们是特别的。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们因受到积极的关注和成为最好的团队而产生的自豪感而备受鼓舞。A. pity同情、怜悯；B. security安全性；C. pride自豪；D. tense紧张。根据空后的“that went alng with being the best”以及常理可知，成为最好的团队会产生一种自豪感。故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个团队之所以能够保持自我驱动和自我指导，是因为他们被允许超越自己的“个体自我”。A. self-centered以自我为中心的；B. self-emplyed自己经营的；C. self-funded自筹资金的；D. self-driven自励的。根据文章第一段“The true test f an effective team is ne where the members perate as a self-managing team.”以及空后“self-directed”可推测，空处指的是能够自我管理，自我驱动。故选D。
36．the 37．its 38．abandned 39．had been 40．with 41．where 42．cperatin 43．persuasive 44．T prmte 45．cllectively
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了浙江省安吉县洪庙村一家由废弃矿井改造而成的乡村咖啡馆在国庆假期期间的销售记录，以及安吉县作为“中国咖啡之城”的发展情况和乡村振兴的举措。
36．考查冠词。句意：2023年10月2日，也就是中秋节和国庆假期的第四天，东部省份浙江的一家乡村咖啡店卖出了7100多杯咖啡。修饰名词“prvince”，表示特指，用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
37．考查代词。句意：它打破了自己在今年5月劳动节期间卖出5100多杯咖啡的纪录。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词性物主代词修饰空后的“recrd”。故填its。
38．考查形容词。句意：安吉县梅溪镇红庙村的深蓝X咖啡馆，建在一个闲置了10多年的废弃矿山的基础上。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当前置定语，修饰空后的名词“mine”，意为“废弃的”。故填abandned。
39．考查谓语动词。句意：安吉县梅溪镇红庙村的深蓝X咖啡馆，建在一个闲置了10多年的废弃矿山的基础上。这里为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意及fr mre than 10 years可知，“矿山闲置”发生在“建造咖啡馆”之前，从句时态为过去完成时。故填had been。
40．考查固定短语。句意：安吉是一个多山的县，位于安徽省北部，人口约为58万，这里有300多家咖啡店，人均咖啡馆数量超过了上海。固定短语：with a ppulatin f，意为“拥有……人口”，符合句意。故填with。
41．考查定语从句。句意：例如，当地党支部书记Shen Yngtian对上海的朱家角水乡进行了实地考察，那里的露营业发展迅速。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Shanghai’s Zhujiajia Water Twn”，在非限制性定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
42．考查名词。句意：据Shen说，去年年初，一群大学生提议与该村合作建一家咖啡馆。固定短语：in cperatin with，意为“与……合作”，名词作宾语，符合句意。故填cperatin。
43．考查形容词。句意：Shen说，“他们的详细提案相当有说服力。”分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式担当表语，和空后的“cnvincing”保持一致，表示“有说服力的”。故填persuasive。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步推进乡村振兴，安吉村广泛采用“两投三酬”模式，即居民和村庄共同投入资金和资源，通过合作公司或创业团队经营，获得租金、工资和分红。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填T prmte。
45．考查副词。句意：为了进一步推进乡村振兴，安吉村广泛采用“两投三酬”模式，即居民和村庄共同投入资金和资源，通过合作公司或创业团队经营，获得租金、工资和分红。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词。故填cllectively。
46．Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua. I am writing t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.
I am passinate abut sprts and pssess excellent writing and cmmunicatin skills. As a respnsible and reliable individual, I can accurately reprt n sprts events and capture the wnderful mments. I als have sme experience in multitasking and wrking under pressure, which will enable me t handle the jb effectively. Please cnsider my applicatin and I wuld be delighted t discuss my qualificatins further.
Thank yu fr yur time and cnsideratin. I am lking frward t yur psitive respnse.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的应聘信。要求考生写一封电子邮件，向校网站应聘在校运动会上担当记者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
拥有：pssess→ be pssessed f
处理：handle → deal with
考虑：cnsider → take…int cnsideratin
高兴的：delighted→ happy/pleased
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.
拓展句：The reasn fr my writing is that I want t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I als have sme experience in multitasking and wrking under pressure, which will enable me t handle the jb effectively.（运用了which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I am writing t apply fr the psitin f a jurnalist fr the schl sprts meet.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
47．One pssible versin:
It seemed that we were in a desperate situatin. Guilt came crwding in, and I felt I was t blame fr this. With my head lwered, I murmured, “Srry, it was my fault.” Darcy was busy finding a shelter fr us. Hearing this, she turned arund and threw her arms arund me, “Dn’t be silly. I’m cunting n yur ‘smart’ phne t save me.” With a smile, I cllected myself and assisted Darcy in finding a hiding place. Never befre had I been s thankful fr having Darcy as my travelling cmpanin. T stay alert during the night, Darcy suggested lking thrugh phts I had taken and sure enugh, I dialed Grace’s phne number again and again.
Trapped there, we wndered whether and hw rescuers culd find us. Eventually, we saw faint lights acrss the canyn. My heart nearly burst ut f my bdy, and we felt like the angel cming. It must be the rescuers’ light! I rse t my feet and made all my effrts t wave and scream. But it seemed useless. Suddenly, it ccurred t me that I culd turn n the flashlight f the cellphne as a signal. It wrked! The rescuers respnded t us by flashing the lights. At that mment, Darcy and I gave each ther a heartfelt smile. I knew the real angel was standing by my side!
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者与好友Darcy在一次户外探险中意外遭遇洪水，并在绝望中通过智慧和勇气最终获得救援的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们似乎处于绝望的境地。”以及第二段首句内容“我们被困在那里，不知道救援人员能否以及如何找到我们。”可知，第一段可描写作者的内心非常愧疚，觉得是自己造成了这一切。
②由第二段首句内容“我们被困在那里，不知道救援人员能否以及如何找到我们。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Darcy成功获救。
2.续写线索：作者是一个户外运动爱好者，每年都会探索不同的地区——一天，作者和好友Darcy一起徒步前往一个瀑布——她们并未告知任何人就出发了——作者和Darcy欣赏了宏伟的瀑布，作者也拍到了想拍的照片——然而，突然洪水爆发了，作者和Darcy被困在了山上——作者和Darcy前往较高的地方，手机也有了微弱的信号——作者向房东拨出了求救电话，手机又再次失去了信号——作者很愧疚，Darcy则安慰作者——救援人员终于找到了两人，两人也成功获救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①忙于做某事：be busy ding/be engaged in
②指望：cunt n/depend n
③建议：suggest/advise
情绪类
①感激的：thankful/grateful
②衷心的：heartfelt/sincere
【点睛】【高分句型1】Suddenly, it ccurred t me that I culd turn n the flashlight f the cellphne as a signal.（运用了that引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】I knew the real angel was standing by my side!（运用了省略引导词的宾语从句）
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