（通用版）2021高考英语一轮复习考点十二词性转换练习（含解析）

考点十二　词性转换

限时25分钟

一、单句语法填空

1．My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much ________ (confident).

答案：confidence　句意：我的英语提高了许多；更重要的是，我的自信心增强了不少。句中的much为限定词，后应接名词，作宾语。根据派生法规则，confident的名词形式为confidence。

2．Smoking during pregnancy ________ (danger) your baby's life.

答案：will endanger　句意：孕期抽烟会危及胎儿生命。句中所填词应为谓语动词，意为“危及”；根据派生词构词法规则，可在名词前加前缀en­，转化为相应意义的动词，即endanger；另外，本句表示叙述在某种情况下有可能发生的事，应用情态动词will，故填will endanger。

3．It was a ________ (fog) cold morning when he set off for the remote village.

答案：foggy　句意：在一个寒冷的起雾的上午，他向那个遥远的村庄进发了。句中所填词修饰morning，作定语。根据派生法规则，fog的形容词形式为foggy。

4．People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use)．

答案：useless　句意：对于重返学校，人们当然有各种理由，但是有一点需要知道的重要的事是，知识是有用的。所填词涉及否定意义的后缀：名词＋­less构成形容词。所填词作系动词is的表语，且根据语境，此处应填表示否定意义的形容词，构成双重否定。useless “无用的”。

5．The ________ (protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world.

答案：protection　句意：人类环境的保护和改善是一个影响全世界人民和经济发展的大问题。根据“and improvement”可知，所填词为protect的名词形式。根据派生法规则，在protect后加后缀­ion变为名词。

6．The meeting supposed to be ________ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end.

答案：successful　句意：那场本应该成功的会议最终被证明是失败的。所填词作be的表语，应填形容词。根据派生法规则，在success后加后缀­ful，构成形容词。

7．Customs officials ________ (cover) a plot to smuggle weapons into the country.

答案：uncovered　句意：海关官员发现了一个走私武器入境的阴谋。句中所填词应为谓语动词，根据后面的宾语a plot可知，此处应表示“发现，揭露”；根据派生词构词法规则，在动词前加前缀un­，转化为相反意义的动词，故填uncovered。

8．Ann will be remembered for her ability and her ________ (warm).

答案：warmth　句意：安因为她的能力和热情友好，将被铭记。所填词位于形容词性物主代词her之后，应填名词。根据派生法规则可知warm的名词形式，即在词尾加后缀­th。

9．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning ________ (necessary)．

答案：unnecessary　句意：凉爽的风吹过卧室的窗户，使得空调都没有必要了。所填词在句中作宾语补足语，应填形容词，根据语境可知，此处表示“没有必要的”；根据派生词构词法的规则，可在形容词前加表示“没有，不”的前缀un­，故填unnecessary，意为“没有必要的”。

10．It has a highly ________ (regular) shape, covered with bumps and indentations.

答案：irregular　句意：它的外形极不规则，满是凸块和凹陷。句中为形容词作定语，修饰名词shape，根据后面的过去分词短语可知，所填词表示“不规则的”；根据派生词构词法规则，在形容词前加前缀ir­，转化为相反意义的形容词，故填irregular。

11．It is ________ (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16.

答案：illegal　句意：出售烟草给16岁以下者是非法的。所填词在句中作表语，且根据“to someone under 16”可知，此处表示“非法的”。根据派生法规则，应加前缀il­。

12．Extracurricular activities ________ (able) the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.

答案：enable　句意：课外活动可以使学生们知道怎样运用在课本上学到的知识。所填词在句中作谓语动词，根据派生法规则，able的动词形式需要在词首加前缀en­即可，enable 意为“使……能够”。

13．You can rely on him because he is quite ________ (rely)．

答案：reliable　所填词用在系动词is后，作表语，根据句中的“rely on him”可知，所填词表示“值得信赖的”，根据派生法规则，rely的形容词形式需要将字母y改为i，再加后缀­able。

14．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or ________ (honest)．

答案：dishonest　句意：靠福利救济的人被误认为懒惰或不诚实。根据语境可知，应填形容词，并表示否定意义，即 “不诚实的”；根据派生法规则，只需在词首加前缀dis­。

15．You may find to your ________ (amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believe possible.

答案：amazement　句意：你可能会惊奇地发现，在你的社区，洋溢着难以置信的友爱。所填词位于your之后，应用名词形式；根据派生法规则，只需在词尾加后缀­ment即可变为名词。

16．I cannot control my body well. My legs become ________ (pain)．

答案：painful　句意：我无法很好地掌控我的身体。我的双腿变得疼痛。所填词位于连系动词之后，应用形容词作表语；根据派生法规则，只需在词尾加后缀­ful即可构成painful “疼痛的”。

17．Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary (纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ________ (ambition) parents.

答案：ambitious　根据空格位置，后面是名词parents，应该使用形容词作定语，故填ambitious。

18．Under her ________ (encourage), I would spend hours burying myself in novels, even if my friends just laughed at me.

答案：encouragement　句意：在她的鼓励下我总会花几个小时埋头看小说，即使朋友们嘲笑我。这里需用名词，指的是“在她的鼓励下”。

19．The ________  (grow) number of Chinese tourists traveling to Spain has in recent years offered opportunities for local companies.

答案：growing　该空格处后面的词“number”是名词，名词受形容词修饰限制，grow为动词，动词转化为形容词时，常用v.­ing表示主动进行，v.­ed表示被动完成。此处表示大量中国游客去西班牙旅行，这个数量一直在增长中，表示进行，故答案为growing。

20．China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “new four great ________ (invent)”．

答案：inventions　句意：中国用“新四大发明”再次展示了改变世界的能力。前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，且作介词的宾语，故这里用名词形式invention，且为可数名词，故用复数形式。

21．I ________ (firm) believed I could learn lots of words, phrases, translation skills, news stories and even amazing knowledge by reading it.

答案：firmly　空格后的believed为动词，动词受副词修饰，故答案为firmly。

22．In most ________ (develop) countries, like America and the Great Britain, teaching is a profession.

答案：developed　句意：在美国和英国等发达国家中，教书是一种专业。develop的形容词变体有developing “发展中的”和developed “发达的”两种形式，句中修饰美国和英国，故答案应为developed。

23．________ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.

答案：Luckily　句意：庆幸的是，英语为母语者能够彼此理解，即使他们不讲同一种类的英语。所填词修饰整个句子，因此使用副词，故答案为Luckily。

24．Being ________ (happy) is like an infectious disease. It causes people to stay away from the sufferer.

答案：unhappy　句意：不快乐就像传染病一样，会使得人们对于不快乐的人退避三舍。根据此空后面的“like an infectious disease (像一个传染病一样)”可知，此处应该使用happy的反义词，故填unhappy。

25．She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her ________ (comfort)．

答案：discomfort　句意：她的左胳膊很不自然地抬着，好像它让她不舒服似的。设空处前有形容词性物主代词修饰，所以用名词。由句意可知用discomfort“不舒服”。

26．It was ________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines.

答案：extremely　此空并不是系动词was后的表语，作表语的是difficult，空格处所填词修饰difficult，故填副词。

27．Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________ (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.

答案：practical　此处表示“可是我们需要切实可行的建议帮我们脱离困境”，故用practice的形容词形式practical。

28．Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the________  (assume) you've made.

答案：assumption　句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。前面是定冠词the，后面跟名词形式，故填assumption。

29．Alice, the sales manager of the company, is doing a course to ________  (sharp) her business skills.

答案：sharpen　句意：这家公司的销售经理Alice正在学习一门课程来提高她的业务技能。sharpen “加强，提高”，不定式在此作目的状语。

30．A television series is fast gaining its word­of­mouth ________ (popular) among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners.

答案：popularity　根据空格位置，前面有形容词性物主代词its和word­of­mouth，后面应该为名词。popular为形容词，它的名词变化为后面加­ity，故填popularity。

二、单句改错

1．The teachers in our school are all kind and helpfully.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：helpfully→helpful　本句中，系动词are后应接形容词作表语。由派生法规则可知，­ful可作形容词的后缀，而­ly为副词的后缀，故将helpfully改为helpful。

2．That little act of kind made everyone who saw it feel good—but it made me feel the best of all!

________________________________________________________________________

答案：kind→kindness　本句中，介词of后应该接名词；根据派生法规则，在形容词后加后缀­ness可变为相应意义的名词，故将kind改为kindness，act of kindness意为“善举”。

3．As far as I am concerned, my suggest is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：suggest→suggestion　本句中，系动词is前的名词短语作主语，且my后应接名词；根据派生法规则，在动词后加后缀­ion，可变为相应意义的名词，故将suggest改为suggestion。

4．If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：deep→deepen　本句中，从句中应用实义动词作谓语；根据派生法规则，在形容词后加后缀­en，可变为相应意义的动词。故将deep改为deepen。

5．A lot of people became homely owing to the terrible earthquake.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：homely→homeless　本句中，became为连系动词，后应接形容词作表语，且根据语境可知，此处应接表示否定意义的形容词；根据派生法规则，在名词后加后缀­less，可变为表示否定意义的形容词。故将homely改为homeless。

6．The good working conditions in this company are attract.

 ________________________________________________________________________

答案：attract→attractive　本句中，应用形容词作are的表语，描述该公司的工作条件吸引人；根据派生法规则，在动词后加后缀­ive，可变为相应意义的形容词。故将attract改为attractive。

7．Try your best to memory these new words.

 ________________________________________________________________________

答案：memory→memorize　本句中，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，构成不定式短语，表示目的；根据派生法规则，­ize可作为动词的后缀。以y结尾的，去掉y，再加­ize，故将memory改为memorize。

8．My close friend Jack understood me, which made me upset.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：understood→misunderstood　根据句中的非限制性定语从句可知，“我”很伤感的原因是朋友误会了“我”。根据派生法规则，在动词前加前缀mis­可变为表示相反意义的词。故将understood改为misunderstood。

9．I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：reason→reasonable　本句中，修饰名词practice，应用形容词作定语。根据派生法规则，在名词后加后缀­able，可变为相应意义的形容词。故将reason改为reasonable。

10．After waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：impatiently→impatient　句意：等了半个小时后我开始变得不耐烦了。get为系动词，后接形容词，故将构成副词的后缀­ly去掉。

11．Unfortunate, I won't be able to meet you at the airport because I have classes in the afternoon.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：Unfortunate→Unfortunately　位于句首修饰整个句子应用副词。

12．If you feel nervous or stress, try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：stress→stressed　句意：如果你感到紧张或有压力，试着做一些放松练习，比如深呼吸。stressed意为“感到有压力的”。

13．She found someone was following her, so she felt very frightening.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：frightening→frightened　句意：她发现有人在尾随她，所以她感到非常害怕。描述人的心理感受应该用­ed结尾的形容词。

14．It is our belief to further expand markets and be satisfied with existing achievements.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：satisfied→dissatisfied　句意：进一步开拓市场，不满足于现有成绩是我们的信念。 根据上文“开拓市场”，说明“不满足于现有成绩”。

15．What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it is access to disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：access→accessible　句意：气功的特殊之处在于它可以躺着、坐着或站着去做。所以残疾人、老年人和伤后恢复的人都可以做。系动词is之后应用形容词作表语，故将access改为形容词accessible，其意为“易接近的；容易理解的”。

构词法(一)

英语中的构词法主要可以分为派生法、合成法和转化法。正确运用构词法知识，有助于学生辨识阅读中遇到的生词的能力，更有助于考生解答语法填空和短文改错题中关于词性转换的设题。

一、名词的后缀

1．动词＋­ion/­tion/­ation/­sion(表示动作或动作过程)→名词

correct→correction 纠正；改正

expect→expectation 期望 

consider→consideration 考虑

conclude→conclusion 结论       

2．动词＋­er/­or/­ee/­ar/­ess/­ian/­ist(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人，即具体表示某种“人”)→名词

conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员

teach→teacher 教师

lie→liar 说谎者

employ→employee 员工

art→artist 艺术家

music→musician 音乐家

3．动词＋­ment(表示行为状态、过程、手段或结果)→名词

punish→punishment 惩罚

achieve→achievement 成就  

4．动词/形容词＋­th→名词

warm→warmth 温暖；热情 

5．形容词＋ ­y/­ty/­ity→名词

honest→honesty 诚实

cruel→cruelty 残忍                 

responsible→responsibility责任

6．形容词＋­ness(表示状态或性质)→名词

careless→carelessness 粗心 

7．动词＋­ance/­ence→名词

perform→performance 表演；业绩

prefer→preference 偏爱

8．名词＋­ship(表示身份、关系或资格)→名词

member→membership 成员；会员      

9．动词＋­ure/­ture→名词

fail→failure 失败   

mix→mixture 混合物

10．形容词＋­dom→名词

free→freedom 自由              

11．动词＋­al→名词

arrive→arrival 到达

12．名词＋­ful→名词

mouth→mouthful 一口；一满口(的量)

hand→handful 一把；一把的量

二、形容词的前缀与后缀

1．名词＋­al(表示“有……属性”或“与……有关”)→形容词

 agriculture→agricultural 农业的

nation→national 国家的       

2．动词/名词＋­able/­ible→形容词

accept→acceptable 可接受的 

access→accessible 容易达到的

3．动词＋­ive→形容词

act→active 积极的

instruct→instructive 具有教育意义的 

4．名词＋­ful→形容词 

care→careful 仔细的；认真的  

5．名词＋­y/­ly→形容词

wealth→wealthy 富裕的

friend→friendly 友好的     

6．名词＋­ous→形容词

danger→dangerous  危险的

mountain→mountainous 多山的

7．以­some结尾的形容词

tire→tiresome 令人厌烦的   

8．以a­为首构成的形容词

live→alive 活(着)的

wake→awake 醒着的

三、动词的前缀与后缀

1．前缀en­ ＋形容词→动词

rich→enrich  使丰富

large→enlarge  变大；扩大

2．前缀en­＋名词→动词

danger→endanger 危及；危害

courage→encourage 鼓励

3．形容词/名词＋后缀­en→动词

short→shorten  缩短

sharp→sharpen 使尖锐 

4．以­ify结尾的动词

simple→simplify 使简化

beauty→beautify 使美化

5．以­ize结尾的动词

real→realize  意识到

memory→memorize  识记；记忆

四、副词的后缀

五、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀

1．表示否定或相反意义的前缀

(1)un­/dis­/in­/im­/ir­/il­/non­ 不，非  

able→unable 不能够

cover→uncover 揭露

honest→dishonest不诚实的

active→inactive 不活跃的   

patient→impatient  不耐烦的

regular→irregular 不规则的    

logical→illogical  不合逻辑的  

(2)mis­ 错误地

lead→mislead 误导      

2．­less表示否定或相反意义的后缀

use→useless 无用的

hope→hopeless 毫无希望的

限时25分钟

一、单句语法填空

1．(2020·安徽省黄山市屯溪第一中学高三月考)Those who ate seven ounces or more of red or processed meat daily—or got the ________  (major) of their protein from meat—had a 23 percent higher risk of premature death, according to Science Daily.

答案：majority　该空格前有the，后有介词of，因此需用名词形式majority。

2．(2020·安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)Check out course and program ________ (describe), reviews of professors, and sit in on some classes if you're able to visit campus.

答案：descriptions　句意：查看课程和项目描述，教授的评论，如果你能参观校园，可以旁听一些课程。结合句意可知此处应用名词，description可作可数名词，前面没有限定词，故用复数形式。故答案为descriptions。

3．(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三年级月考)They ________ (accident) found out that soil does not only attract fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body and round the digestive system.

答案：accidentally　分析句子可知，修饰动词“found out”应用副词，故填accidentally。

4．(2020·湖南师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试)So music wasn't really ________ (entertain), but a means for musicians to accomplish political and social goals.

答案：entertainment　空格处对应后面的“a means”，应填名词形式，故填entertainment。

5．(2020·天一大联考皖豫联盟体高三上学期第一次考试)The evolution is what has led to the present ________ (appear) of the kiwi bird.

答案：appearance　此处表示“外观”，present在句中为形容词，因此空格处应填名词形式。

6．(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)People who have breakfast are more likely to lose ________ (weigh) than those who don't eat a morning meal.

答案：weight　lose weight固定短语，“减肥”，故填weight。

7．(2019·深圳耀华实验学校月考)Life is just a blank cloth—you can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and   ________      (danger) people.

答案：dangerous　修饰后面的名词people，使用形容词作定语，指危险的人们。

8．(2019·山西大学附中高三模块诊断)How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computer's contents—including your photos, your recent documents—no longer ________ (access)?

答案：accessible　此处是“find＋sb./sth.＋adj.”结构，意为“发现某人(物)……”。形容词作宾语补足语，所以填accessible。

9．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I guess that there's probably some ________ (demand) work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.

答案：demanding　空格处需要填形容词，修饰名词work schedule，demanding “要求高的；需要高技能(或耐性等)的；费力的”。

10．(2019·天津高考)And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are ________ (limit)．

答案：limitless　句意：我发现读书可以带给我们的东西是无限的。故填形容词形式limitless。

11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The most ________ (hope) data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.

答案：hopeful　句意：报告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是：在阅读方面，父母是孩子的榜样和重要的楷模。使用形容词，修饰后面的名词data，作定语。

12．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold ________ (discover) in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.

答案：discoveries　句意：城里到处都是不想安家定居的失望的人们，并且当他们听说在阿拉斯加发现了金子的时候，他们像来的时候那样，迅速地离开了道森城。结合前面的“new gold”可知，后面跟名词形式，根据were是复数可知填discoveries。

13．(2018·天津高考)Despite recent ________ (advance) in 3­D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.

答案：advancements　结合前面的形容词“recent”可知，后面跟名词，故填advancements。

14．(2018·浙江高考)Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your ________ (healthy) but in your pocket.

答案：health　句意：烹饪食物是一件有趣的事。你可能开始注意到它对你的健康和你的钱包的影响。根据前面的形容词性物主代词your可知，后面跟名词，故填health。

15．(2018·天津高考)Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my ________ (disappoint) we were defeated.

答案：disappointment　句意：作为新队的教练，我非常兴奋，因为我知道我们队要赢，但是令我失望的是，我们输了。根据空格前的my可知，应填名词形式，故填disappointment。

16．(2018·江苏高考)The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without ________ (fundament) changes to the industry.

答案：fundamental　句意：不过，如果产业没有发生基本变化的话，小农场主的可持续发展不会发生。结合后面的名词changes可知，前面使用形容词作定语。

17．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.

答案：strengthen　在不定式符号to后面用动词原形。

18．(2018·天津高考)The ________ (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

答案：possibility　定冠词the后面接名词，故填possibility。

19．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes.

答案：careful　句意：然而，谨防走极端。动词be后应接形容词作表语；根据派生法规则，在名词后加后缀­ful，可转换为形容词，故填careful。

20．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

答案：fairly　句意：那时候，使用蒸汽机牵引车厢，乘客们肯定会因为烟和噪音而极为不舒服。所填词修饰后面的形容词unpleasant，应用副词；根据派生法规则，在形容词后加后缀­ly，可转换为相应意义的副词。故填fairly，意为“相当地”。

21．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of the electric­powered engines and lifts.

答案：introduction　句意：只有随着电力机车和升降机的引进，这种发展才有可能。所填词位于定冠词the之后，of之前，应填名词形式；根据派生词规则，可在动词后加后缀­tion，变为相应意义的名词，故填introduction。

22．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

答案：successful　句意：中部伦敦地铁是这些新线路中最成功的线路之一，在1900年开放营运。所填词位于表示最高级的“the most”之后，应填形容词；根据派生词的构成规则，可在名词后加后缀­ful，构成相应意义的形容词，故填successful，意为“成功的”。

23．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．

答案：education　句意：她决心继续接受教育。所填词位于形容词性物主代词her之后，应填名词作宾语；根据派生词的构词规则，可在动词后加后缀­ion，构成相应意义的名词，故填education。

24．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.

答案：certainly　句意：这的确有趣，但这种生活方式有一点不真实。所填词在句子中修饰形容词fun，应用副词形式；根据派生词的构词规则，可在形容词后加后缀­ly，构成相应意义的副词。

25．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical ________ (equip), allowing more patients to be treated.

答案：equipment　句意：这家医院近来已经获得了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人可以获得救治。所填词位于形容词new medical之后，应填名词；根据派生词转化规则，在动词后加后缀­ment可转化为相应意义的名词，故填equipment。

26．(2017·天津高考) I had a very poor ________ (relation) with food: I used it to kill bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate.

答案：relationship　句意：我与食物的关系很不和谐：我利用它来消除糟糕的心情，让我自己感觉更好，并且用食物来庆祝。所填词涉及名词转化为名词的后缀：­ship。故填relationship，意为“(抽象的或内在的)关系”。

27．(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a ________ (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away.

答案：handful　句意：去年十月，Lena Pahlsson 在照料她位于瑞典莫拉的花园时，她拔出一把小胡萝卜，并且打算把它们扔掉。所填词位于冠词a之后，应填名词；根据派生词构词法规则，在名词后加后缀­ful可转化为相应意义的名词，故填handful，意为“一把”。

28．(2017·浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ________ (shine) object.

答案：shiny/shining　句意：但是某样东西让她凑近了看，并且她注意到了一个闪光的物体。所填词位于冠词a之后，名词object之前，应填形容词；根据派生词构成规则，可在动词后加后缀­y/­ing构成形容词，故填shiny/shining。

29．(2017·江苏高考)Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her ________ (difficult)．

答案：difficulty　句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。所填词位于形容词性物主代词her之后，应填名词；根据派生词构词规则，可在形容词之后加后缀­y，转化为相应意义的名词，故填difficulty。

30．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, ________ (strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist.

答案：strengthened　句意：《伟大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。所填词作句子的谓语；根据派生词构词法规则，可在名词后面加后缀­en，转化为相应意义的动词，且本句描述过去的事实，故填strengthened。

二、 单句改错

1．(2020·内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高三上学期第一次月考)In the picture, I can be seen delicate performing Erhu.

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答案：delicate→delicately　句意：在这幅画中，我可以看到我正在优美地演奏二胡。此处是副词修饰动词，故把delicate改成delicately。

2．(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)The pill is planned to be taken immediately after a frightened experience.

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答案：frightened→frightening　a frightening experience “一次令人害怕的经历”。

3．(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)Flowers are the main attract of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life.

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答案：attract→attraction　根据 main 可推知，此处应填一个名词，故用名词形式attraction。

4．(2020·甘肃省会宁县第一中学高三上学期第一次月考)It can make us bravely enough to face challenges.

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答案：bravely→brave　本句中enough是副词，应修饰形容词brave，故将bravely改为brave。

5．(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期英语摸底考试)Also, coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be harmless to your body.

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答案：harmless→harmful　句意：而且，不建议空腹喝咖啡，因为这对身体有害。故将harmless改为harmful。

6．(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)The pill can help to reduce many sufferance.

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答案：sufferance→sufferings　句意：这种药丸有助于减轻许多痛苦。sufferance “容许；忍耐”；suffering “痛苦；苦恼”。根据句意可知，应将sufferance改为sufferings。

7．(2019·北京高考)Armed with this knowledge, they are able to carry out individual targeted campaigns to cheat people.

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答案：individual→individually　本句中individually作副词修饰形容词targeted。

8．(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)In this fast­changing and compete world, many people are under heavy pressure.

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答案：compete→competitive　句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。形容词修饰名词，故将动词compete改为形容词competitive。

9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D．C. in a health way with minimum effort.

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答案：health→healthy　句意：无论上午还是下午，无论是初来乍到还是当地居民，如果想要一种健康舒适的方式感受华盛顿，骑车游览都是最佳选择。 根据语境可知，使用形容词修饰后面的way，故将health改为healthy。

10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a converse because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.

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答案：converse→conversation　句意：我们没有人开始交谈，很可能因为觉得尴尬和具有挑战性，或者我们认为交谈令人感到厌烦和没有必要。结合前面的冠词a可知，后面使用名词，故将converse改为conversation。

11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired. I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm live.

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答案：live→alive　句意：我不断地练习跳舞，甚至当我非常累的时候。我发现很难停下来了。跳舞提醒我还活着。根据前面的系动词am可知，后面跟形容词alive。

12．(2018·北京高考)The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self­driving cars, and for companies to operate driver taxi services.

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答案：driver→driverless　句意：这个州已经为公司出售或者出租自动驾驶汽车，并且为公司运营无人驾驶汽车业务清除了道路。结合前面的“self­driving cars”可知，driver应改为driverless。

13．(2018·江苏高考)Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instruct research about restaurants.

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答案：instruct→instructive　句意：如今，学者们关于餐馆进行了大量的有意义的研究。instruct是一个动词，修饰后面的research，需要使用形容词，故将instruct改为instructive。

14．(2018·天津高考)False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprison.

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答案：imprison→imprisonment　句意：错误地使用火警是非法的并且可能导致坐牢。前面lead to中to是介词，后面跟名词作宾语，故将imprison改为imprisonment。

15．(2018·浙江高考)People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it profession.

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答案：profession→professionally　句意：一个世纪以来，人们一直在写小说——很多专家认为第一本小说追溯到1719年的《罗宾逊·克鲁索》——但是没有人想把写小说当作专业。修饰前面的do，使用副词，作状语，故将profession改为professionally。

构词法(二)

六、合成法

由两个或两个以上的单词结合组成复合词的构词法，称为合成法。

1．合成名词

newspaper 报纸  daybreak 拂晓

blackboard 黑板  necklace 项链

flashlight 手电筒  haircut 理发

2．合成形容词

good­looking 好看的       hard­working 勤奋的

fresh­baked 新烤的  cold­blooded 冷血的

handmade 手工制作的    airsick 晕飞机的

bittersweet 苦乐参半的  homesick 想家的 

3．合成动词

broadcast 播送  babysit 看孩子

七、转化法

把一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变的构词法叫作转化法，有的名词可以作动词，有的形容词可以作副词或动词。

1．动词转化为名词

He is a man of strong build.

2．名词转化为动词

Hand in your papers please.

3．形容词转化为动词

We will try our best to better our living conditions.

4．副词转化为动词

Murder will out.

5．形容词转化为名词

The girl in black appears very beautiful.