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2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习外研版讲义：必修3Module6OldandNew
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Module 6 Old and New
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．bulletin n． 小型报刊；短新闻；报告
2．civil adj. 民用的；国内的
3．cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁
4．gorge n. 峡谷
5．hydroelectric adj. 水力发电的
6．reservoir n. 水库
7．terminal n. (机场的)集散站；终点站；候机厅
8．carving n. (尤指木头、象牙等的)雕刻(品)
9．relic n. (常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物
10．site n. 场所；遗址
11.generate vt. 发(电)
12．watchtower n. 望台
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．canal n. 运河
2．dam n. 坝；堤；水闸
3．structure n. 建筑物；结构
4．date vi. 始于(某一历史时期)
5．remove vt. 迁移；搬迁
6．ridiculous adj. 荒唐的；可笑的
7．enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的
8．crash vi. (飞机)失事；坠毁
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．engineering n．(土木)工程→engineer n．工程师
2．accommodate vt.容纳(乘客等)→accommodation n．住所；膳宿
3．construction n．建造；建设；建筑→construct vt.建造；建设→constructive adj.建设性的
4．historical adj.历史的；有关历史的→historic adj.有历史意义的
5．narrow adj.狭窄的v.(使)变窄→narrowly adv.勉强地
6．poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人
7．global adj.全球的→globe n．地球；地球仪
8．freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的→frozen adj.冷冻的；冻坏的→freeze vt.冷冻；冰冻；使……冻住
9．observatory n．观察台→observe vt.观察→observation n．观察
10．foggy adj.有浓雾的→fog n．(浓)雾
[语境活用]
1．It took them two years to construct the bridge and the construction was excellent.(construct)
2．For all the countries across the globe,_the problem of global warming should be paid special attention to.(global)
3．It was so freezing that the cold weather froze the lake. And I was absolutely frozen.(freeze)
4．My car finally came to a narrow road, some part of which narrowed to only 5 meters in width. At the moment, another car ran in our direction. It was running so fast that it narrowly missed hitting mine. How dangerous it was! (narrow)
5．It's said that fog is harmful to our health, so we should wear masks on foggy days.(fog)
6．Johnson is a famous poet and most of his poems are based on real life.(poem)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.date_from 起源于
2．of_all_time 有史以来
3．now_that 既然
4．dream_of/about 梦想
5．hold_back 阻止
6．come_true (梦想等)变成现实
7．make_sense 有意义；有道理
8．bring_an_end_to 结束；终止
9．be_on_a_visit_to 正对……进行访问
10．be_of_great_importance 很重要
1.No force on earth can hold_back the progress of society.
2．It just doesn't make_sense. Why would she do a thing like that?
3．His hobby of collecting coins dates_from his childhood.
4．Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come_true.
5．Some states in the area have tried to bring_an_end_to the war.
6．I always dreamed_of/about attending a normal university and becoming a teacher.
7．Basic research is_of_great_importance in all scientific fields.
8．Why not change your mind now_that you have found that there is something wrong with your plan？
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It took six years to build and cost US＄20 billion.
它花费了6年的时间才建成，耗资200亿美元。
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. “(某人)花费一些时间做某事”。
他花了很长一段时间才获得成为一名专业艺术家所需要的技能。
It_took_him_a_long_time_to_acquire the skills he needed to become a professional artist.
2.Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged?
既然这些遗迹都已被淹没，还有可能再看到它们吗？
Is it possible to do sth.?
“做某事有可能吗？”
下次你有可能搭乘早一点的公交车吗？
Is_it_possible_for_you_to_take an earlier bus next time？
3.Why do you think there are so many tall buildings in the world now?
你认为为什么现在世界上有这么多的高层建筑？
do you think在句中作插入语。
您认为我明天下午什么时间可以来见他？
When_do_you_think_I_can come and see him tomorrow afternoon？
二、课堂重点深化
1．date vi.始于(某一历史时期) vt.确定年代；注明日期 n．日期；约会
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The old town dates (date) back to the late seventeenth century.
②Have you set a date for the opening ceremony of your new store?
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.
[系统归纳]
(1)date from/back to 起源于；追溯到
(2)set a date for 确定……的日期
have a date with sb. 与某人约会
out of date 过时的
up to date 现代的；最新的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Many traditional customs have died out because they are out of the date.去掉the
佳句时时写
⑤我们学校有许多老树，每棵都是大约100年前的。
There_are_many_old_trees_in_our_school,_each_dating_from_about_100_years_ago._
[名师指津] date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。
2．accommodate vt.容纳(乘客等)；使适应；迁就；向……提供 vi.适应
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.
②He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.
③It includes a roundtrip ticket, hotel accommodations (accommodate) and three meals each day.
[系统归纳]
(1)accommodate to sth. 顺应/适应(新情况)
accommodate sb./oneself to sth. 使某人/自己适应某事
accommodate sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
(2)accommodation n． 住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解
make/provide accommodations for 为……提供食宿
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I know how to accommodate myself with new circumstances.with→to
佳句时时写
⑤组委会将提供接机服务，并安排艺术家在展览活动期间的膳宿。
The committee will offer free airport services and_provide_accommodations_for_the artists_during_the_exhibition.
3．narrow adj.狭窄的；狭隘的；勉强的 v．(使)变窄；缩小
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The car narrowly (narrow) missed a cyclist.
②The police have narrowed down their list of suspects.
补全句子
③That was really a_narrow_escape when their car turned over!
当他们的车翻过去的时候，那真是死里逃生啊！
[系统归纳]
(1)a narrow escape 死里逃生，险些遇险
a narrow majority/victory/defeat 微弱多数/险胜/勉强击败
(2)narrow down 缩小……的范围
(3)narrowly adv. 勉强地；差一点儿；狭隘地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Leaping on a narrowly balance beam (平衡木) is not easy.narrowly→narrow_
佳句时时写
⑤这个年轻人以微弱多数赢得了这次选举。
The young man won the election by a_narrow_majority.
4．remove vt.清除；删除；开除；免职，解除(职务)；摘掉，脱去(衣物)；拿走；搬迁；迁移
[自主体验]
写出下列句中remove的含义
①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走_
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱去
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职，解除(职务)_
④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.清除_
⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除_
单句语法填空
⑥Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.
⑦Removals (remove) are unpleasant, but it will be nice when we get into the new house.
[系统归纳]
(1)remove ...from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ...to ... 从……搬到……
remove sb. from school 开除某人，勒令某人退学
(2)removal n. 移植；解除；搬迁；免职
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧To his surprise, the man found shark fins removed banquet menu in this restaurant.removed后加from_
佳句时时写
⑨就我个人而言，我认为应该删除关于娱乐的专栏。
As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_I_think_that_the_column_concerning_entertainment_should_be_removed.
1．hold back阻止；隐瞒；抑制，控制(情感等)
[自主体验]
写出下列句中hold back的含义
①The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to hold back your anger.抑制，控制
②I think he's holding something back; he knows more than he admits.隐瞒
③The police tried to hold back the angry crowd, but in vain.阻止
[系统归纳]
hold up 支撑起；延误，延迟，耽搁；举起，抬起
hold on 别挂断；坚持住，挺住
hold on to 抓住不放；坚持；保留
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；维持
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
④Women are playing a more and more important part in society — they hold up half the sky.
⑤I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable.
易错对对碰(hold on/hold on to)
⑥He held_on_to a branch until we came to his rescue.
⑦Hold_on,_honey! You will be in a state of enjoyment if you make constant efforts.
佳句时时写
⑧她强压住了自己的怒火。
She just managed to hold_back_her_anger.
2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通，可理解
[自主体验]
同义替换
①See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable (＝doesn't_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②We read it through, but could not understand (＝make_sense_of) it.
[系统归纳]
make sense of 了解……的意义；懂得
in a sense 某一方面；就某种意义来讲
in no sense 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
a sense of ……的感觉
There is no sense in (doing) sth. [口语]做某事是没有道理/意义的。
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③There seems no sense in complain. We should take action now.complain→complaining_
佳句时时写
④You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
→In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
⑤而且在提供他人帮助的同时，我们自己也会有一种满足感。
Also, when offering others help, we_ourselves_will_have_a_sense_of_satisfaction.
3．bring an end to结束；终止
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
②We must carry the experiment through to the end, not giving it up halfway.
[系统归纳]
bring/put an end to sth.＝bring/put sth. to an end 结束/终止某事
come to an end 结束；完结
carry ... through to the end 将……进行到底
on end 连续地；竖着
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③It's hoped that the talks may bring a end to the violence in schools.a→an
佳句时时写
④一个快乐的瞬间总是在你知道之前就结束了。
A_happy_instant_always_comes_to_an_end_before_you_know_it._
4．It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
[教材原句] It took six years to build and cost US$20 billion.
[自主体验]
①As a new graduate, he doesn't know what_it_takes_to_start a business here.
作为一名刚毕业的大学生，他不知道在这里创业需要什么。
②A month before the event, I spent_hours_working_out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps.
在活动开始前的一个月，我花了几个小时制定了一个时间表，列出了我的目标和实际步骤。
③Remembering these new words cost_him_a_lot_of_time.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
④The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.
这块表很好，他付了20%的钱。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花费一些时间做某事”
(2)sb. spend some time/money (in) doing/on sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
(3)(doing) sth. cost (sb.) some time/money (做)某事/物花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(4)sb. pay some money for sth. 某人为某事/某物付给某人多少钱
注意事项
在句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”中，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。此外，take还表示“需要”。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)It took him several weeks to learn to make the paper cutting.
②(增分要点句)White skin is symbol of nobility, so girls want to keep their skin white and smooth, and they are willing to spend a lot of money on the skin care products.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“建筑”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——建筑
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①design ②construct ③construction
④architect ⑤locate ⑥journey
⑦condition ⑧custom ⑨explore
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①statue n．塑像；雕像 ②workshop n．工作间
③magnificent adj.壮观的 ④skyscraper n．摩天大楼
⑤splendid adj.辉煌的；壮丽的 ⑥cement n．水泥
⑦represent vt.象征；体现 ⑧masterpiece n．杰作
⑨outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的 ⑩house vt.容纳
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①on show 在展览
②high speed train 高铁
③artificial stone 人造石
④raw material 原材料
⑤be shaped like ... 形状像……
⑥in the shape of ... 呈……形状
⑦be divided into 被分成……
⑧on display 在展出
⑨enjoy a ...reputation 享有……声誉
⑩focus on 集中于……
(四)写作佳句背一背
①The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty.
②By popular consensus, this is the most valuable painting in the world — it is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Christina来信说，她夏天要来中国度假，打算游览三峡大坝(the Three Gorges Dam)及上海，希望你为她安排行程。请你回一封信，告知相关事宜。
内容包括：1.介绍三峡大坝及上海； 2.交通方式方面的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Christina,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
pleasure, locate, enjoy an international reputation, mouth, explore, of its kind, board, high speed train, journey
1．听说你今年夏天要来中国，我很高兴。
Glad_to_hear_that_you're_coming_to_China_this_summer._
2．我很高兴向你介绍一下你们想去的地方。
To_introduce_something_about_the_places_you'd_like_to_go_to_is_my_pleasure._
3．三峡大坝位于长江中部。
The_Three_Gorges_Dam_is_located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River.
4．三峡大坝是同类大坝中最大的。
The_Three_Gorges_Dam_is_the_largest_of_its_kind._
5．三峡大坝享有国际声誉。
The_Three_Gorges_Dam_enjoys_an_international_reputation._
6．上海在长江入海口。
Shanghai_is_at_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River.
7．你可以探索它的美丽和美味的食物。
You_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods.
8．你可以坐船去三峡大坝。
You_can_board_a_ship_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam.
9．你也可以乘高铁去宜昌。
You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang.
10．希望你在中国旅行愉快。
Hope_you_will_enjoy_your_journey_in_China.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
11．在第6句中加入同位语“中国最大的城市”。
Shanghai,_the_largest_city_of_China,_is_at_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River.
12．在第7句中加入修饰语“当你到达上海”、“几天时间”。
When_you_arrive_in_Shanghai,_you_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods_for_several_days.
13．在第8句中加入修饰语“穿过长江”、“同时欣赏两岸风景”。
You_can_board_a_ship_traveling_through_the_Yangtze_river_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam,_enjoying_the_scenery_on_both_sides.
14．在第9句中加入修饰语“那里是大坝的落脚点”。
You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang,_where_the_dam_rests.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用it作形式主语改写第2句。
It's_my_pleasure_to_introduce_something_about_the_places_you'd_like_to_go_to.
2．用过去分词作状语、同位语合并第3、4、5句。
Located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River,_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_—_the_largest_of_its_kind_—_enjoys_an_international_reputation._
3．用倒装句改写第11句。
At_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River_is_Shanghai,_the_largest_city_of_China.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇then连句成文。
Dear Christina,
Glad_to_hear_that_you're_coming_to_China_this_summer._It's_my_pleasure_to_introduce_something_about_the_places_you'd_like_to_go_to._
Located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River,_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_—_the_largest_of_its_kind_—_enjoys_an_international_reputation._At_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River_is_Shanghai,_the_largest_city_of_China._When_you_arrive_in_Shanghai,_you_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods_for_several_days._Then_you_can_board_a_ship_traveling_through_the_Yangtze_river_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam,_enjoying_the_scenery_on_both_sides._You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang,_where_the_dam_rests.
Hope_you_will_enjoy_your_journey_in_China.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It was not until he removed (摘掉) his sunglasses that I recognized him.
2．Most dams (坝，堤) are built to control a river's water flow, improve navigation and control flooding.
3．Still, the variety of the structures (结构) used in the example sentences benefits me greatly.
4．He is a very careful man, but he can make mistakes which seem ridiculous (荒唐的)．
5．Fathers have an enormous (巨大的) effect on their children's personalities.
6．The plane crashed (撞上) into the mountain, but luckily the pilot survived.
7．They made 30 days' accommodations (膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday.
8．We need to hold back global (全球的) warming and prepare for its outcome.
9．It was so foggy (有浓雾的) that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.
10．The bridge, due to completed at the end of the year is still under construction (建造)．
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．Li Hua has always dreamed ❶of being admitted to Tsinghua University, which dates ❷from the 1910s. Now his dream ❸has_come (come) true. He is so excited that he can't hold ❹back his happy tears.
2．Your opinion is ❶of great importance to the matter. But now ❷that the decision has been made, it makes no sense ❸to_argue (argue) about it any more. So we should bring ❹an end to the meaningless dispute.
Ⅲ.语境改错
文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
The city government once held discussion on whether remove the old temple and build a park there. Some people thought it made sense to do so because they think only in this way could their dream of improving life be come true, while others tried to hold it back because they thought this old temple deserved protecting. The officials tried to narrow the disagreements among the two sides, but their efforts were in vain. As neither of two sides wanted to give in, they had to bring a end to the discussion.
答案：第一句：held后加a; remove前加to
第二句：think→thought; 去掉be
第三句：among→between
第四句：a→an
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换
1．你认为老师会给我们什么样的解释？(do you think作插入语)
What explanation do_you_think_the_teacher_could_give?
2．这些衣服现在看起来很时尚，但不久就会过时。(date)
The clothes look up_to_date now, but they will soon be_out_of_date.
3．The park was crowded, so finding an available site cost us some time.
→The park was crowded, so it__took_us_some_time_to_find_an available site.(take)
→The park was crowded, so we_spent_some_time_finding_an available site.(spend)
4．It's no use talking to him any more. You are wasting your breath.
→There_is_no_sense_in_talking to him any more. You are wasting your breath.(sense)
Ⅴ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids(金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue ❶to_stand (stand) for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered (分散，撒布) along the banks of the Nile, some of which are ❷different (differ) in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and “Bent” pyramid.
Some of the ❸pyramids (pyramid) still look much the same as they must have done when they ❹were_built (build) thousands of years ago. Most of the damage ❺suffered (suffer) by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped ❻to_preserve (preserve) the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to ❼fall_into_ruin(沦为废墟). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever. It is ❽practically (practical) certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
royal， represent， include， originally， more than， change， fly， divide
Buckingham Palace is where the Queen lives. It is the Queen's official and main ❶royal London home. Buckingham Palace was ❷originally a splendid house built by the Duke (公爵) of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began ❸changing it into a palace in 1826.It has been the official London home of Britain's royal family since 1837.Buckingham Palace is also an office and used for the administrative work of the royal family.
When the Queen is at home you can see her royal flag (the Royal Standard) flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace.
The flag is ❹divided into four equal parts. The first and fourth parts ❺represent England and contain three gold lions waking on a red field; the second part represents Scotland and contains a red lion standing on a gold field; the third part represents Ireland and contains the gold coat of arms of Ireland on a blue field.
In flag protocol (礼仪), the Royal Standard which must only be ❻flown from buildings where the Queen is present is supreme (至高无上的). It flies above the British Union Flag (the Union Jack), and other British flags. It never flies at half mast.
The Palace has around 750 rooms, ❼including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a cinema and a swimming pool. It also has its own post office and police station. About 400 people work at the Palace, including servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, gardeners, electricians, and so on. ❽More_than 50,000 people come to the Palace each year as guests to dinners, receptions and Royal Garden Parties.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Besides, it's better for you to_bring (bring) some little gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in this picture are the things that were of great importance (important) in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Now_that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities.
5．(2017·6月浙江高考)Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed of peace and a new library.
6．(2016·天津高考)The dictionary is out_of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
7．(2015·浙江高考)If you're lucky enough to land such an accommodation (accommodate), though, be sure you're 100 percent on time.
8．(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用date, accommodation, narrow填空)
1．(2014·安徽高考完形填空)Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I managed to catch a taxi to my__39__and settle in.accommodation
2．(2012·北京高考完形填空)In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a reality: I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925.dating
3．(2010·四川高考完形填空)The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.As you might guess，that's not a good thing to have happened in a(n) __28__ space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.narrow
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：中国建筑文化源远流长，博大精深。不管是古代建筑还是现代建筑，它们在历史的发展长河中并存发展，向世界展示着自己的灼灼精华。有关建筑领域的文章也正进入高考的视线，以此提高人们对古代建筑的保护意识及对现代建筑的创新意识。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]Many of the world's tallest buildings will make you dizzy if you reached their top. But these grand buildings could soon look like bungalows in comparison to a threemilehigh skyscraper which it is said could be built by 2062.
[2]The skyscraper is the idea of Arconic, a materials science company based in New York, as part of its larger campaign called “The Jetsons” — a homage (致敬) to the 1962 cartoon，set in 2062.Arconic has imagined the skyscraper created using materials that are either indevelopment or have already been brought to market, including smogeating surfaces and retractable (可伸缩的) balconies.
[3]Sherri McCleary, one of Arconic's chief materials scientists, says one of the most exciting and immediate projects is EcoClean, a special coating that helps buildings selfclean and purify the surrounding air. It was first released in 2011 and offers a number of benefits over traditional glass windows. The functional coating provides beauty and a benefit to the surrounding environment by reducing the content of pollutants around it.
[4]EcoClean uses a mix of chemicals, which use both light and water vapour (蒸汽) to produce atoms known as free radicals. These free radicals draw in pollutants in the air, breaking them down before they fall off the side of the building.
[5]Another innovation (创新) is in the windows themselves，which Arconic also hopes could be a part of the threemilehigh tower. The new design is called Bloomframe. Essentially, it's a motorized window that changes into an allglass balcony in under a minute. The firm has already showcased the Bloomframe technology at several trade shows, and hopes it will become available to buy in the near future.
[6]Fitting in with “The Jetsons” theme，the firm is also working on flying cars，featuring ultralightweight car bodies and airplane wings. In the meantime, it continues working to push the limits of what modernday skyscrapers can look like and do. Thanks to 3D printing, McCleary says many structures that aren't currently feasible (可行的) could withstand high winds and unique climates. “We're looking at improving materials that can be 3Dprinted to give more and more options to designers and architects，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。按美国材料科学公司Arconic的设想，到2062年，人类就可以利用3D打印技术制造出能抗雾霾、净化空气的超级摩天大楼。
1．What can we learn about the skyscraper?
A．It is now indevelopment.
B．It has many futuristic features.
C．It was first put forward in 1962.
D．It will be the tallest building in 2062.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“including smogeating surfaces and retractable (可伸缩的) balconies”可知，Arconic公司提出的是未来主义摩天大楼的概念。
2．What is EcoClean supposed to achieve?
A．A tidier coating.
B．A quieter environment.
C．A cleaner building surrounded by cleaner air.
D．A more beautiful view through glass windows.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“EcoClean，a special coating ... purify the surrounding air.”可知，EcoClean是一种能帮助建筑物自我清洁并净化周围空气的特殊涂料。
3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．How EcoClean works.
B．How we can avoid pollution.
C．What free radicals are.
D．Where EcoClean comes from.
解析：选A 段落大意题。第四段具体介绍了EcoClean借助于光和水蒸气发挥作用，因此该段主要说明其工作原理。
4．What is McCleary's attitude towards the skyscraper?
A．Cautious. B．Disapproving.
C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful.
解析：选C 观点态度题。在最后一段最后一句中McCleary谈到：我们正在考虑优化各种可以被3D打印的材料，从而为设计师和建筑师提供越来越多的选择。由此可知，她对摩天大楼的建设持乐观态度。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(3)——利用文中“引言”推断
议论文或说明文中经常引用他人的观点来支持作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，同时也是出题者考查的热点区域，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。上文第4题可根据引言进行推断：由文中最后一段“We're looking at improving materials that can be 3Dprinted to give more and more options to designers and architects(我们正在考虑优化各种可以被3D打印的材料，从而为设计师和建筑师提供越来越多的选择。)”，由此可推断，她对摩天大楼的建设持乐观态度。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·郑州模拟)Our son Jason was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫)．My wife and I often __1__ him as he faced many challenges in his early years.
It was __2__ to see him chosen last for baseball __3__， but he was happy and well __4__ by his peers (同龄人) throughout primary school.His most __5__ time came when he began high school.One afternoon, he returned home with __6__.He threw his bag on the floor, shouting angrily, “I'll never go to school again！” He was __7__ with food other kids had thrown at him on the way home.He didn't tell us what had happened until later.
Several days earlier, he had __8__ the school running team.That day, a few older students made fun of his __9__ on the track and made him the __10__ of their onesided food fight.I called the headmaster about the matter and it never happened again.He stayed on the team __11__ trouble continued.
One day in October, we had snow and freezing rain.As the other kids exercised in the gym, they noticed Jason jogging around the snowcovered __12__.A few weeks later, he told us each month students __13__ an “athlete of the month”．The coach would list the top athletes, and students voted for the winner.Jason's __14__ had never been listed.But that day, one of the students said, “I'd like to nominate (提名) Jason for the athlete of the month, sir！” The coach looked __15__.
“He works harder than any of us, sir，” the student continued.
“But we'll have to have someone __16__ the nomination”， the coach replied.
Tears formed in Jason's eyes as he told us what happened next.“Mom, Dad, everyone in the class __17__ their hand.”
We, also in tears, looked at him as he __18__showed his certificate.
Whenever I despair, I think of this story.I __19__myself that challenges are not overcome by force, but by patience，__20__ and faith.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Jason患有先天性脑瘫，在学校田径队的表现受到同学们的取笑，但在严寒天气里，Jason仍坚持练习，最终他被选为“月度田径运动员”。作者通过儿子的经历得出感悟：挑战不是靠武力战胜的，而是靠耐心、决心和信心。
1．A.comforted B．persuaded
C．protected D．instructed
解析：选A 根据上文“Our son Jason was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫)”的提示可知，对于患病的孩子，在成长过程中当遇到挑战时父母给予的是安慰和鼓励。comfort“安慰”符合语境。persuade“劝服”；protect“保护”；instruct“指导”。
2．A.boring B．confusing
C．heartbreaking D．challenging
解析：选C 空后提到孩子在棒球运动的队员选拔中排名最后，所以这是一件令人心碎的(heartbreaking)事。boring“无趣的”；confusing“令人困惑的”；challenging“有挑战性的”。
3．A.purposely B．regularly
C．exactly D．eventually
解析：选B 根据上文可知，作者的孩子患有先天疾病，在棒球运动的队员选拔中排名最后，这应该是经常(regularly)发生的事情。purposely“故意地”；exactly“确切地”；eventually“最后”。
4．A.praised B．admired
C．respected D．accepted
解析：选D 根据but可知，此处与上文形成对比，尽管作者的孩子经常排名最后，但是同学们都接纳(accepted)他。praise“称赞”；admire“钦佩”；respect“尊重”。
5．A.merciful B．enjoyable
C．difficult D．unforgettable
解析：选C 根据下文“One afternoon, he returned home ... shouting angrily, ‘I'll never go to school again！’” 的提示可知，此处表示他最艰难的(difficult)时期。merciful“仁慈的”； enjoyable“使人愉快的，令人快乐的”；unforgettable“令人难忘的”。
6．A.confidence B．sadness
C．courage D．fear
解析：选B 根据下文语境可知，此处应该是伤心(sadness)的情绪。confidence“信心”； courage“勇气”； fear“恐惧”。
7．A.covered B．packed
C．faced D．supplied
解析：选A 根据下文的“with food other kids had thrown at him”可知，他的身上有其他同学扔的食物，be covered with ...“被……覆盖”符合语境。pack“打包”； face“面对”； supply“提供”。
8．A.played for B．voted for
C．prepared for D．signed up for
解析：选D 根据下文“That day, a few older students made fun of his __9__ on the track and made him the __10__ of their onesided food fight.”的描述可知，此处为报名参加(signed up for)学校的田径队。vote for“为……投票”；prepare for“为……做准备”。
9．A.promise B．performance
C．goal D．ability
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示那天，一些年龄大一点的学生因为他在跑道上的表现(performance)取笑他。promise“诺言”；goal“目标”。
10．A.target B．cause
C．focus D．role
解析：选A 根据本句语境可知，此处表示同学们取笑他而且还把他当成食物大战的靶子(target)。cause“事业，原因”；focus“焦点”；role“角色”。
11．A.in case B．as if
C．ever since D．even though
解析：选D 即使麻烦不断，他仍留在队里。根据语境可知前后形成转折，even though“尽管，即使”符合语境。in case“以防万一”； as if“仿佛”； ever since“从那以后”。
12．A.street B．camp
C．track D．field
解析：选C 根据上文“That day, a few older students made fun of his __9__ on the track”的提示可知此处为原词复现，表示当其他孩子在体育馆锻炼时，他们注意到Jason在白雪覆盖的跑道(track)上慢跑。
13．A.trained B．found
C．dismissed D．chose
解析：选D 根据下文“The coach would list the top athletes, and students voted for the winner.”的提示可知，此处表示学生们选出(chose)。train“锻炼”；find“发现”；dismiss“解散”。
14．A.name B．progress
C．score D．application
解析：选A 根据上文“The coach would list the top athletes, and students voted for the winner.”的提示可知，此处表示名字(name)。
15．A.satisfied B．surprised
C．excited D．disappointed
解析：选B 根据上文“Jason's __14__ had never been listed”的提示可知，此处教练的反应应该是惊讶的(surprised)。
16．A.invite B．seek
C．support D．consider
解析：选C 根据上文“The coach would ...the winner”的提示可知，此处教练想表达的是必须有人支持(support)提名。
17．A.put up B．put back
C．put down D．put out
解析：选A 根据下文中的“We, also in tears, looked at him as he __18__showed his certificate.”可推知，最终大家都同意了提名，所以此处应该是举起(put up)了手。
18．A.carefully B．firmly
C．eagerly D．proudly
解析：选D 根据上文中的“Tears formed in Jason's eyes as he told us what happened next.”可知，此处表示对于这份荣誉，Jason应该是自豪地(proudly)展示他的证书。
19．A.warn B．remind
C．inform D．teach
解析：选B 根据上文中的“Whenever I despair, I think of this story.”可知，此处表示作者提醒(remind)自己。
20．A.honesty B．knowledge
C．determination D．development
解析：选C 我提醒自己，挑战不是靠武力战胜的，而是靠耐心、决心(determination)和信心。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·山西省康杰中学期中)With Langzhong in Sichuan, Lijiang in Yunnan and Huizhou in Anhui, Pingyao is one of China's four wellpreserved ancient cities. It __1__ (build) during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
__2__ (merciful), Pingyao has escaped the commercialization that has damaged other ancient Chinese cities. And it is not __3__ (possibility) to miss its history. The reason is that the history of Pingyao seems to reveal __4__ (it) along every meter and from every pore (气孔) of the 6.4kilometerlong, 12meterhigh city wall __5__ (design) to defend the city.
There are more than 300 historical sites and 4,000 historical homes, and strict controls are enforced to ensure that everything is kept the way it was in the past.
In the city center you can see __6__ complete government office in feudal China where the county officials lived and dealt with government affairs. Wellpreserved items in the complex (建筑群), __7__ (cover) more than 26,000 square meters, display __8__ officials used to live and work.
During the Qing Dynasty, Pingyao was __9__ North China essentially what Wall Street is to the United States today, a gathering place for __10__ (merchant) from all over the country as well as a distribution center for their goods.
语篇解读：山西平遥古城与四川阆中古城、云南丽江古城、安徽徽州古城是中国保存最为完好的四大古城。本文简要介绍了平遥古城的基本情况。
1．was built 考查动词的时态和语态。平遥古城建于西周。根据语境可知，build这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时；build与It(指代Pingyao)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was built。
2．Mercifully 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。
3．possible 考查形容词。此处应用possible“可能的”在句中作表语。It is possible to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4．itself 考查代词。原因是平遥古城的历史似乎通过每一米城墙、每一个城墙上的气孔彰显了它自己(的存在感)。根据语境可知，reveal的宾语就是“平遥古城的历史”，故用反身代词itself。
5．designed 考查非谓语动词。city wall与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。
6．a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个完整的政府机构”，应使用不定冠词a。
7．covering 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，the complex与cover之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词。
8．how 考查宾语从句。how在此处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何，怎样”。
9．to 考查固定句型。此处是一个固定句型，A is to B what C is to D“A对于B就像C对于D一样”，此处表示在清朝，平遥古城对于北方的中国而言就像现今华尔街对于美国一样，故用to。
10．merchants 考查名词复数。merchant“商人”，为可数名词，且前面无限定词修饰，故应用其复数形式。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．bulletin n． 小型报刊；短新闻；报告
2．civil adj. 民用的；国内的
3．cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁
4．gorge n. 峡谷
5．hydroelectric adj. 水力发电的
6．reservoir n. 水库
7．terminal n. (机场的)集散站；终点站；候机厅
8．carving n. (尤指木头、象牙等的)雕刻(品)
9．relic n. (常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物
10．site n. 场所；遗址
11.generate vt. 发(电)
12．watchtower n. 望台
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．canal n. 运河
2．dam n. 坝；堤；水闸
3．structure n. 建筑物；结构
4．date vi. 始于(某一历史时期)
5．remove vt. 迁移；搬迁
6．ridiculous adj. 荒唐的；可笑的
7．enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的
8．crash vi. (飞机)失事；坠毁
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．engineering n．(土木)工程→engineer n．工程师
2．accommodate vt.容纳(乘客等)→accommodation n．住所；膳宿
3．construction n．建造；建设；建筑→construct vt.建造；建设→constructive adj.建设性的
4．historical adj.历史的；有关历史的→historic adj.有历史意义的
5．narrow adj.狭窄的v.(使)变窄→narrowly adv.勉强地
6．poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人
7．global adj.全球的→globe n．地球；地球仪
8．freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的→frozen adj.冷冻的；冻坏的→freeze vt.冷冻；冰冻；使……冻住
9．observatory n．观察台→observe vt.观察→observation n．观察
10．foggy adj.有浓雾的→fog n．(浓)雾
[语境活用]
1．It took them two years to construct the bridge and the construction was excellent.(construct)
2．For all the countries across the globe,_the problem of global warming should be paid special attention to.(global)
3．It was so freezing that the cold weather froze the lake. And I was absolutely frozen.(freeze)
4．My car finally came to a narrow road, some part of which narrowed to only 5 meters in width. At the moment, another car ran in our direction. It was running so fast that it narrowly missed hitting mine. How dangerous it was! (narrow)
5．It's said that fog is harmful to our health, so we should wear masks on foggy days.(fog)
6．Johnson is a famous poet and most of his poems are based on real life.(poem)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.date_from 起源于
2．of_all_time 有史以来
3．now_that 既然
4．dream_of/about 梦想
5．hold_back 阻止
6．come_true (梦想等)变成现实
7．make_sense 有意义；有道理
8．bring_an_end_to 结束；终止
9．be_on_a_visit_to 正对……进行访问
10．be_of_great_importance 很重要
1.No force on earth can hold_back the progress of society.
2．It just doesn't make_sense. Why would she do a thing like that?
3．His hobby of collecting coins dates_from his childhood.
4．Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come_true.
5．Some states in the area have tried to bring_an_end_to the war.
6．I always dreamed_of/about attending a normal university and becoming a teacher.
7．Basic research is_of_great_importance in all scientific fields.
8．Why not change your mind now_that you have found that there is something wrong with your plan？
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It took six years to build and cost US＄20 billion.
它花费了6年的时间才建成，耗资200亿美元。
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. “(某人)花费一些时间做某事”。
他花了很长一段时间才获得成为一名专业艺术家所需要的技能。
It_took_him_a_long_time_to_acquire the skills he needed to become a professional artist.
2.Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged?
既然这些遗迹都已被淹没，还有可能再看到它们吗？
Is it possible to do sth.?
“做某事有可能吗？”
下次你有可能搭乘早一点的公交车吗？
Is_it_possible_for_you_to_take an earlier bus next time？
3.Why do you think there are so many tall buildings in the world now?
你认为为什么现在世界上有这么多的高层建筑？
do you think在句中作插入语。
您认为我明天下午什么时间可以来见他？
When_do_you_think_I_can come and see him tomorrow afternoon？
二、课堂重点深化
1．date vi.始于(某一历史时期) vt.确定年代；注明日期 n．日期；约会
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The old town dates (date) back to the late seventeenth century.
②Have you set a date for the opening ceremony of your new store?
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.
[系统归纳]
(1)date from/back to 起源于；追溯到
(2)set a date for 确定……的日期
have a date with sb. 与某人约会
out of date 过时的
up to date 现代的；最新的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Many traditional customs have died out because they are out of the date.去掉the
佳句时时写
⑤我们学校有许多老树，每棵都是大约100年前的。
There_are_many_old_trees_in_our_school,_each_dating_from_about_100_years_ago._
[名师指津] date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。
2．accommodate vt.容纳(乘客等)；使适应；迁就；向……提供 vi.适应
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.
②He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.
③It includes a roundtrip ticket, hotel accommodations (accommodate) and three meals each day.
[系统归纳]
(1)accommodate to sth. 顺应/适应(新情况)
accommodate sb./oneself to sth. 使某人/自己适应某事
accommodate sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
(2)accommodation n． 住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解
make/provide accommodations for 为……提供食宿
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I know how to accommodate myself with new circumstances.with→to
佳句时时写
⑤组委会将提供接机服务，并安排艺术家在展览活动期间的膳宿。
The committee will offer free airport services and_provide_accommodations_for_the artists_during_the_exhibition.
3．narrow adj.狭窄的；狭隘的；勉强的 v．(使)变窄；缩小
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The car narrowly (narrow) missed a cyclist.
②The police have narrowed down their list of suspects.
补全句子
③That was really a_narrow_escape when their car turned over!
当他们的车翻过去的时候，那真是死里逃生啊！
[系统归纳]
(1)a narrow escape 死里逃生，险些遇险
a narrow majority/victory/defeat 微弱多数/险胜/勉强击败
(2)narrow down 缩小……的范围
(3)narrowly adv. 勉强地；差一点儿；狭隘地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Leaping on a narrowly balance beam (平衡木) is not easy.narrowly→narrow_
佳句时时写
⑤这个年轻人以微弱多数赢得了这次选举。
The young man won the election by a_narrow_majority.
4．remove vt.清除；删除；开除；免职，解除(职务)；摘掉，脱去(衣物)；拿走；搬迁；迁移
[自主体验]
写出下列句中remove的含义
①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走_
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱去
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职，解除(职务)_
④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.清除_
⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除_
单句语法填空
⑥Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.
⑦Removals (remove) are unpleasant, but it will be nice when we get into the new house.
[系统归纳]
(1)remove ...from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ...to ... 从……搬到……
remove sb. from school 开除某人，勒令某人退学
(2)removal n. 移植；解除；搬迁；免职
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧To his surprise, the man found shark fins removed banquet menu in this restaurant.removed后加from_
佳句时时写
⑨就我个人而言，我认为应该删除关于娱乐的专栏。
As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_I_think_that_the_column_concerning_entertainment_should_be_removed.
1．hold back阻止；隐瞒；抑制，控制(情感等)
[自主体验]
写出下列句中hold back的含义
①The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to hold back your anger.抑制，控制
②I think he's holding something back; he knows more than he admits.隐瞒
③The police tried to hold back the angry crowd, but in vain.阻止
[系统归纳]
hold up 支撑起；延误，延迟，耽搁；举起，抬起
hold on 别挂断；坚持住，挺住
hold on to 抓住不放；坚持；保留
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；维持
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
④Women are playing a more and more important part in society — they hold up half the sky.
⑤I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable.
易错对对碰(hold on/hold on to)
⑥He held_on_to a branch until we came to his rescue.
⑦Hold_on,_honey! You will be in a state of enjoyment if you make constant efforts.
佳句时时写
⑧她强压住了自己的怒火。
She just managed to hold_back_her_anger.
2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通，可理解
[自主体验]
同义替换
①See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable (＝doesn't_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②We read it through, but could not understand (＝make_sense_of) it.
[系统归纳]
make sense of 了解……的意义；懂得
in a sense 某一方面；就某种意义来讲
in no sense 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
a sense of ……的感觉
There is no sense in (doing) sth. [口语]做某事是没有道理/意义的。
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③There seems no sense in complain. We should take action now.complain→complaining_
佳句时时写
④You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
→In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
⑤而且在提供他人帮助的同时，我们自己也会有一种满足感。
Also, when offering others help, we_ourselves_will_have_a_sense_of_satisfaction.
3．bring an end to结束；终止
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
②We must carry the experiment through to the end, not giving it up halfway.
[系统归纳]
bring/put an end to sth.＝bring/put sth. to an end 结束/终止某事
come to an end 结束；完结
carry ... through to the end 将……进行到底
on end 连续地；竖着
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③It's hoped that the talks may bring a end to the violence in schools.a→an
佳句时时写
④一个快乐的瞬间总是在你知道之前就结束了。
A_happy_instant_always_comes_to_an_end_before_you_know_it._
4．It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
[教材原句] It took six years to build and cost US$20 billion.
[自主体验]
①As a new graduate, he doesn't know what_it_takes_to_start a business here.
作为一名刚毕业的大学生，他不知道在这里创业需要什么。
②A month before the event, I spent_hours_working_out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps.
在活动开始前的一个月，我花了几个小时制定了一个时间表，列出了我的目标和实际步骤。
③Remembering these new words cost_him_a_lot_of_time.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
④The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.
这块表很好，他付了20%的钱。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花费一些时间做某事”
(2)sb. spend some time/money (in) doing/on sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
(3)(doing) sth. cost (sb.) some time/money (做)某事/物花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(4)sb. pay some money for sth. 某人为某事/某物付给某人多少钱
注意事项
在句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”中，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。此外，take还表示“需要”。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)It took him several weeks to learn to make the paper cutting.
②(增分要点句)White skin is symbol of nobility, so girls want to keep their skin white and smooth, and they are willing to spend a lot of money on the skin care products.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“建筑”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——建筑
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①design ②construct ③construction
④architect ⑤locate ⑥journey
⑦condition ⑧custom ⑨explore
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①statue n．塑像；雕像 ②workshop n．工作间
③magnificent adj.壮观的 ④skyscraper n．摩天大楼
⑤splendid adj.辉煌的；壮丽的 ⑥cement n．水泥
⑦represent vt.象征；体现 ⑧masterpiece n．杰作
⑨outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的 ⑩house vt.容纳
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①on show 在展览
②high speed train 高铁
③artificial stone 人造石
④raw material 原材料
⑤be shaped like ... 形状像……
⑥in the shape of ... 呈……形状
⑦be divided into 被分成……
⑧on display 在展出
⑨enjoy a ...reputation 享有……声誉
⑩focus on 集中于……
(四)写作佳句背一背
①The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty.
②By popular consensus, this is the most valuable painting in the world — it is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Christina来信说，她夏天要来中国度假，打算游览三峡大坝(the Three Gorges Dam)及上海，希望你为她安排行程。请你回一封信，告知相关事宜。
内容包括：1.介绍三峡大坝及上海； 2.交通方式方面的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Christina,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
pleasure, locate, enjoy an international reputation, mouth, explore, of its kind, board, high speed train, journey
1．听说你今年夏天要来中国，我很高兴。
Glad_to_hear_that_you're_coming_to_China_this_summer._
2．我很高兴向你介绍一下你们想去的地方。
To_introduce_something_about_the_places_you'd_like_to_go_to_is_my_pleasure._
3．三峡大坝位于长江中部。
The_Three_Gorges_Dam_is_located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River.
4．三峡大坝是同类大坝中最大的。
The_Three_Gorges_Dam_is_the_largest_of_its_kind._
5．三峡大坝享有国际声誉。
The_Three_Gorges_Dam_enjoys_an_international_reputation._
6．上海在长江入海口。
Shanghai_is_at_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River.
7．你可以探索它的美丽和美味的食物。
You_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods.
8．你可以坐船去三峡大坝。
You_can_board_a_ship_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam.
9．你也可以乘高铁去宜昌。
You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang.
10．希望你在中国旅行愉快。
Hope_you_will_enjoy_your_journey_in_China.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
11．在第6句中加入同位语“中国最大的城市”。
Shanghai,_the_largest_city_of_China,_is_at_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River.
12．在第7句中加入修饰语“当你到达上海”、“几天时间”。
When_you_arrive_in_Shanghai,_you_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods_for_several_days.
13．在第8句中加入修饰语“穿过长江”、“同时欣赏两岸风景”。
You_can_board_a_ship_traveling_through_the_Yangtze_river_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam,_enjoying_the_scenery_on_both_sides.
14．在第9句中加入修饰语“那里是大坝的落脚点”。
You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang,_where_the_dam_rests.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用it作形式主语改写第2句。
It's_my_pleasure_to_introduce_something_about_the_places_you'd_like_to_go_to.
2．用过去分词作状语、同位语合并第3、4、5句。
Located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River,_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_—_the_largest_of_its_kind_—_enjoys_an_international_reputation._
3．用倒装句改写第11句。
At_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River_is_Shanghai,_the_largest_city_of_China.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇then连句成文。
Dear Christina,
Glad_to_hear_that_you're_coming_to_China_this_summer._It's_my_pleasure_to_introduce_something_about_the_places_you'd_like_to_go_to._
Located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River,_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_—_the_largest_of_its_kind_—_enjoys_an_international_reputation._At_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River_is_Shanghai,_the_largest_city_of_China._When_you_arrive_in_Shanghai,_you_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods_for_several_days._Then_you_can_board_a_ship_traveling_through_the_Yangtze_river_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam,_enjoying_the_scenery_on_both_sides._You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang,_where_the_dam_rests.
Hope_you_will_enjoy_your_journey_in_China.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It was not until he removed (摘掉) his sunglasses that I recognized him.
2．Most dams (坝，堤) are built to control a river's water flow, improve navigation and control flooding.
3．Still, the variety of the structures (结构) used in the example sentences benefits me greatly.
4．He is a very careful man, but he can make mistakes which seem ridiculous (荒唐的)．
5．Fathers have an enormous (巨大的) effect on their children's personalities.
6．The plane crashed (撞上) into the mountain, but luckily the pilot survived.
7．They made 30 days' accommodations (膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday.
8．We need to hold back global (全球的) warming and prepare for its outcome.
9．It was so foggy (有浓雾的) that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.
10．The bridge, due to completed at the end of the year is still under construction (建造)．
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．Li Hua has always dreamed ❶of being admitted to Tsinghua University, which dates ❷from the 1910s. Now his dream ❸has_come (come) true. He is so excited that he can't hold ❹back his happy tears.
2．Your opinion is ❶of great importance to the matter. But now ❷that the decision has been made, it makes no sense ❸to_argue (argue) about it any more. So we should bring ❹an end to the meaningless dispute.
Ⅲ.语境改错
文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
The city government once held discussion on whether remove the old temple and build a park there. Some people thought it made sense to do so because they think only in this way could their dream of improving life be come true, while others tried to hold it back because they thought this old temple deserved protecting. The officials tried to narrow the disagreements among the two sides, but their efforts were in vain. As neither of two sides wanted to give in, they had to bring a end to the discussion.
答案：第一句：held后加a; remove前加to
第二句：think→thought; 去掉be
第三句：among→between
第四句：a→an
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换
1．你认为老师会给我们什么样的解释？(do you think作插入语)
What explanation do_you_think_the_teacher_could_give?
2．这些衣服现在看起来很时尚，但不久就会过时。(date)
The clothes look up_to_date now, but they will soon be_out_of_date.
3．The park was crowded, so finding an available site cost us some time.
→The park was crowded, so it__took_us_some_time_to_find_an available site.(take)
→The park was crowded, so we_spent_some_time_finding_an available site.(spend)
4．It's no use talking to him any more. You are wasting your breath.
→There_is_no_sense_in_talking to him any more. You are wasting your breath.(sense)
Ⅴ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids(金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue ❶to_stand (stand) for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered (分散，撒布) along the banks of the Nile, some of which are ❷different (differ) in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and “Bent” pyramid.
Some of the ❸pyramids (pyramid) still look much the same as they must have done when they ❹were_built (build) thousands of years ago. Most of the damage ❺suffered (suffer) by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped ❻to_preserve (preserve) the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to ❼fall_into_ruin(沦为废墟). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever. It is ❽practically (practical) certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
royal， represent， include， originally， more than， change， fly， divide
Buckingham Palace is where the Queen lives. It is the Queen's official and main ❶royal London home. Buckingham Palace was ❷originally a splendid house built by the Duke (公爵) of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began ❸changing it into a palace in 1826.It has been the official London home of Britain's royal family since 1837.Buckingham Palace is also an office and used for the administrative work of the royal family.
When the Queen is at home you can see her royal flag (the Royal Standard) flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace.
The flag is ❹divided into four equal parts. The first and fourth parts ❺represent England and contain three gold lions waking on a red field; the second part represents Scotland and contains a red lion standing on a gold field; the third part represents Ireland and contains the gold coat of arms of Ireland on a blue field.
In flag protocol (礼仪), the Royal Standard which must only be ❻flown from buildings where the Queen is present is supreme (至高无上的). It flies above the British Union Flag (the Union Jack), and other British flags. It never flies at half mast.
The Palace has around 750 rooms, ❼including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a cinema and a swimming pool. It also has its own post office and police station. About 400 people work at the Palace, including servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, gardeners, electricians, and so on. ❽More_than 50,000 people come to the Palace each year as guests to dinners, receptions and Royal Garden Parties.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Besides, it's better for you to_bring (bring) some little gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in this picture are the things that were of great importance (important) in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Now_that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities.
5．(2017·6月浙江高考)Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed of peace and a new library.
6．(2016·天津高考)The dictionary is out_of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
7．(2015·浙江高考)If you're lucky enough to land such an accommodation (accommodate), though, be sure you're 100 percent on time.
8．(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用date, accommodation, narrow填空)
1．(2014·安徽高考完形填空)Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I managed to catch a taxi to my__39__and settle in.accommodation
2．(2012·北京高考完形填空)In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a reality: I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925.dating
3．(2010·四川高考完形填空)The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.As you might guess，that's not a good thing to have happened in a(n) __28__ space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.narrow
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：中国建筑文化源远流长，博大精深。不管是古代建筑还是现代建筑，它们在历史的发展长河中并存发展，向世界展示着自己的灼灼精华。有关建筑领域的文章也正进入高考的视线，以此提高人们对古代建筑的保护意识及对现代建筑的创新意识。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]Many of the world's tallest buildings will make you dizzy if you reached their top. But these grand buildings could soon look like bungalows in comparison to a threemilehigh skyscraper which it is said could be built by 2062.
[2]The skyscraper is the idea of Arconic, a materials science company based in New York, as part of its larger campaign called “The Jetsons” — a homage (致敬) to the 1962 cartoon，set in 2062.Arconic has imagined the skyscraper created using materials that are either indevelopment or have already been brought to market, including smogeating surfaces and retractable (可伸缩的) balconies.
[3]Sherri McCleary, one of Arconic's chief materials scientists, says one of the most exciting and immediate projects is EcoClean, a special coating that helps buildings selfclean and purify the surrounding air. It was first released in 2011 and offers a number of benefits over traditional glass windows. The functional coating provides beauty and a benefit to the surrounding environment by reducing the content of pollutants around it.
[4]EcoClean uses a mix of chemicals, which use both light and water vapour (蒸汽) to produce atoms known as free radicals. These free radicals draw in pollutants in the air, breaking them down before they fall off the side of the building.
[5]Another innovation (创新) is in the windows themselves，which Arconic also hopes could be a part of the threemilehigh tower. The new design is called Bloomframe. Essentially, it's a motorized window that changes into an allglass balcony in under a minute. The firm has already showcased the Bloomframe technology at several trade shows, and hopes it will become available to buy in the near future.
[6]Fitting in with “The Jetsons” theme，the firm is also working on flying cars，featuring ultralightweight car bodies and airplane wings. In the meantime, it continues working to push the limits of what modernday skyscrapers can look like and do. Thanks to 3D printing, McCleary says many structures that aren't currently feasible (可行的) could withstand high winds and unique climates. “We're looking at improving materials that can be 3Dprinted to give more and more options to designers and architects，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。按美国材料科学公司Arconic的设想，到2062年，人类就可以利用3D打印技术制造出能抗雾霾、净化空气的超级摩天大楼。
1．What can we learn about the skyscraper?
A．It is now indevelopment.
B．It has many futuristic features.
C．It was first put forward in 1962.
D．It will be the tallest building in 2062.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“including smogeating surfaces and retractable (可伸缩的) balconies”可知，Arconic公司提出的是未来主义摩天大楼的概念。
2．What is EcoClean supposed to achieve?
A．A tidier coating.
B．A quieter environment.
C．A cleaner building surrounded by cleaner air.
D．A more beautiful view through glass windows.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“EcoClean，a special coating ... purify the surrounding air.”可知，EcoClean是一种能帮助建筑物自我清洁并净化周围空气的特殊涂料。
3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．How EcoClean works.
B．How we can avoid pollution.
C．What free radicals are.
D．Where EcoClean comes from.
解析：选A 段落大意题。第四段具体介绍了EcoClean借助于光和水蒸气发挥作用，因此该段主要说明其工作原理。
4．What is McCleary's attitude towards the skyscraper?
A．Cautious. B．Disapproving.
C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful.
解析：选C 观点态度题。在最后一段最后一句中McCleary谈到：我们正在考虑优化各种可以被3D打印的材料，从而为设计师和建筑师提供越来越多的选择。由此可知，她对摩天大楼的建设持乐观态度。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(3)——利用文中“引言”推断
议论文或说明文中经常引用他人的观点来支持作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，同时也是出题者考查的热点区域，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。上文第4题可根据引言进行推断：由文中最后一段“We're looking at improving materials that can be 3Dprinted to give more and more options to designers and architects(我们正在考虑优化各种可以被3D打印的材料，从而为设计师和建筑师提供越来越多的选择。)”，由此可推断，她对摩天大楼的建设持乐观态度。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·郑州模拟)Our son Jason was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫)．My wife and I often __1__ him as he faced many challenges in his early years.
It was __2__ to see him chosen last for baseball __3__， but he was happy and well __4__ by his peers (同龄人) throughout primary school.His most __5__ time came when he began high school.One afternoon, he returned home with __6__.He threw his bag on the floor, shouting angrily, “I'll never go to school again！” He was __7__ with food other kids had thrown at him on the way home.He didn't tell us what had happened until later.
Several days earlier, he had __8__ the school running team.That day, a few older students made fun of his __9__ on the track and made him the __10__ of their onesided food fight.I called the headmaster about the matter and it never happened again.He stayed on the team __11__ trouble continued.
One day in October, we had snow and freezing rain.As the other kids exercised in the gym, they noticed Jason jogging around the snowcovered __12__.A few weeks later, he told us each month students __13__ an “athlete of the month”．The coach would list the top athletes, and students voted for the winner.Jason's __14__ had never been listed.But that day, one of the students said, “I'd like to nominate (提名) Jason for the athlete of the month, sir！” The coach looked __15__.
“He works harder than any of us, sir，” the student continued.
“But we'll have to have someone __16__ the nomination”， the coach replied.
Tears formed in Jason's eyes as he told us what happened next.“Mom, Dad, everyone in the class __17__ their hand.”
We, also in tears, looked at him as he __18__showed his certificate.
Whenever I despair, I think of this story.I __19__myself that challenges are not overcome by force, but by patience，__20__ and faith.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Jason患有先天性脑瘫，在学校田径队的表现受到同学们的取笑，但在严寒天气里，Jason仍坚持练习，最终他被选为“月度田径运动员”。作者通过儿子的经历得出感悟：挑战不是靠武力战胜的，而是靠耐心、决心和信心。
1．A.comforted B．persuaded
C．protected D．instructed
解析：选A 根据上文“Our son Jason was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫)”的提示可知，对于患病的孩子，在成长过程中当遇到挑战时父母给予的是安慰和鼓励。comfort“安慰”符合语境。persuade“劝服”；protect“保护”；instruct“指导”。
2．A.boring B．confusing
C．heartbreaking D．challenging
解析：选C 空后提到孩子在棒球运动的队员选拔中排名最后，所以这是一件令人心碎的(heartbreaking)事。boring“无趣的”；confusing“令人困惑的”；challenging“有挑战性的”。
3．A.purposely B．regularly
C．exactly D．eventually
解析：选B 根据上文可知，作者的孩子患有先天疾病，在棒球运动的队员选拔中排名最后，这应该是经常(regularly)发生的事情。purposely“故意地”；exactly“确切地”；eventually“最后”。
4．A.praised B．admired
C．respected D．accepted
解析：选D 根据but可知，此处与上文形成对比，尽管作者的孩子经常排名最后，但是同学们都接纳(accepted)他。praise“称赞”；admire“钦佩”；respect“尊重”。
5．A.merciful B．enjoyable
C．difficult D．unforgettable
解析：选C 根据下文“One afternoon, he returned home ... shouting angrily, ‘I'll never go to school again！’” 的提示可知，此处表示他最艰难的(difficult)时期。merciful“仁慈的”； enjoyable“使人愉快的，令人快乐的”；unforgettable“令人难忘的”。
6．A.confidence B．sadness
C．courage D．fear
解析：选B 根据下文语境可知，此处应该是伤心(sadness)的情绪。confidence“信心”； courage“勇气”； fear“恐惧”。
7．A.covered B．packed
C．faced D．supplied
解析：选A 根据下文的“with food other kids had thrown at him”可知，他的身上有其他同学扔的食物，be covered with ...“被……覆盖”符合语境。pack“打包”； face“面对”； supply“提供”。
8．A.played for B．voted for
C．prepared for D．signed up for
解析：选D 根据下文“That day, a few older students made fun of his __9__ on the track and made him the __10__ of their onesided food fight.”的描述可知，此处为报名参加(signed up for)学校的田径队。vote for“为……投票”；prepare for“为……做准备”。
9．A.promise B．performance
C．goal D．ability
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示那天，一些年龄大一点的学生因为他在跑道上的表现(performance)取笑他。promise“诺言”；goal“目标”。
10．A.target B．cause
C．focus D．role
解析：选A 根据本句语境可知，此处表示同学们取笑他而且还把他当成食物大战的靶子(target)。cause“事业，原因”；focus“焦点”；role“角色”。
11．A.in case B．as if
C．ever since D．even though
解析：选D 即使麻烦不断，他仍留在队里。根据语境可知前后形成转折，even though“尽管，即使”符合语境。in case“以防万一”； as if“仿佛”； ever since“从那以后”。
12．A.street B．camp
C．track D．field
解析：选C 根据上文“That day, a few older students made fun of his __9__ on the track”的提示可知此处为原词复现，表示当其他孩子在体育馆锻炼时，他们注意到Jason在白雪覆盖的跑道(track)上慢跑。
13．A.trained B．found
C．dismissed D．chose
解析：选D 根据下文“The coach would list the top athletes, and students voted for the winner.”的提示可知，此处表示学生们选出(chose)。train“锻炼”；find“发现”；dismiss“解散”。
14．A.name B．progress
C．score D．application
解析：选A 根据上文“The coach would list the top athletes, and students voted for the winner.”的提示可知，此处表示名字(name)。
15．A.satisfied B．surprised
C．excited D．disappointed
解析：选B 根据上文“Jason's __14__ had never been listed”的提示可知，此处教练的反应应该是惊讶的(surprised)。
16．A.invite B．seek
C．support D．consider
解析：选C 根据上文“The coach would ...the winner”的提示可知，此处教练想表达的是必须有人支持(support)提名。
17．A.put up B．put back
C．put down D．put out
解析：选A 根据下文中的“We, also in tears, looked at him as he __18__showed his certificate.”可推知，最终大家都同意了提名，所以此处应该是举起(put up)了手。
18．A.carefully B．firmly
C．eagerly D．proudly
解析：选D 根据上文中的“Tears formed in Jason's eyes as he told us what happened next.”可知，此处表示对于这份荣誉，Jason应该是自豪地(proudly)展示他的证书。
19．A.warn B．remind
C．inform D．teach
解析：选B 根据上文中的“Whenever I despair, I think of this story.”可知，此处表示作者提醒(remind)自己。
20．A.honesty B．knowledge
C．determination D．development
解析：选C 我提醒自己，挑战不是靠武力战胜的，而是靠耐心、决心(determination)和信心。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·山西省康杰中学期中)With Langzhong in Sichuan, Lijiang in Yunnan and Huizhou in Anhui, Pingyao is one of China's four wellpreserved ancient cities. It __1__ (build) during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
__2__ (merciful), Pingyao has escaped the commercialization that has damaged other ancient Chinese cities. And it is not __3__ (possibility) to miss its history. The reason is that the history of Pingyao seems to reveal __4__ (it) along every meter and from every pore (气孔) of the 6.4kilometerlong, 12meterhigh city wall __5__ (design) to defend the city.
There are more than 300 historical sites and 4,000 historical homes, and strict controls are enforced to ensure that everything is kept the way it was in the past.
In the city center you can see __6__ complete government office in feudal China where the county officials lived and dealt with government affairs. Wellpreserved items in the complex (建筑群), __7__ (cover) more than 26,000 square meters, display __8__ officials used to live and work.
During the Qing Dynasty, Pingyao was __9__ North China essentially what Wall Street is to the United States today, a gathering place for __10__ (merchant) from all over the country as well as a distribution center for their goods.
语篇解读：山西平遥古城与四川阆中古城、云南丽江古城、安徽徽州古城是中国保存最为完好的四大古城。本文简要介绍了平遥古城的基本情况。
1．was built 考查动词的时态和语态。平遥古城建于西周。根据语境可知，build这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时；build与It(指代Pingyao)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was built。
2．Mercifully 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。
3．possible 考查形容词。此处应用possible“可能的”在句中作表语。It is possible to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4．itself 考查代词。原因是平遥古城的历史似乎通过每一米城墙、每一个城墙上的气孔彰显了它自己(的存在感)。根据语境可知，reveal的宾语就是“平遥古城的历史”，故用反身代词itself。
5．designed 考查非谓语动词。city wall与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。
6．a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个完整的政府机构”，应使用不定冠词a。
7．covering 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，the complex与cover之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词。
8．how 考查宾语从句。how在此处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何，怎样”。
9．to 考查固定句型。此处是一个固定句型，A is to B what C is to D“A对于B就像C对于D一样”，此处表示在清朝，平遥古城对于北方的中国而言就像现今华尔街对于美国一样，故用to。
10．merchants 考查名词复数。merchant“商人”，为可数名词，且前面无限定词修饰，故应用其复数形式。
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