2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修5Unit5Firstaid

Unit 5  First aid

基础自主检测

1.“­ure”结尾的高频名词小结

①pressure 压力

②pleasure 乐事；快乐

③exposure 暴露；揭露

④failure 失败

⑤mixture 混合物

⑥signature 签名

2.“成双成对”的名词荟萃

①scissors 剪刀

②jeans 牛仔裤

③headphones 耳机

④trousers 裤子

⑤glasses 眼镜

⑥shoes 鞋子

⑦compasses 圆规

一 动词＋介/副词/形容词

1.fall ill 生病

2.act as 担任

3.take off 脱下(衣、帽等)；起飞；走红；休假；(事业)腾飞

4.squeeze out 榨出；挤出

5.prevent ... from ... 阻止……

二 动词＋名词

6.make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用

三 其他

7.put one's hands on 找到

8.first aid (对伤患者的)急救

9.over and over again 反复；多次

10.in place 在适当的位置；适当

1.“make a＋n.”短语

①make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起作用

②make a decision 作出决定

③make a mistake 弄错

④make a profit 赚取利润

⑤make a promise 许诺

2.“v.＋as”短语

①act as 担任

②work as 以……身份工作

③function as 起……作用

④serve as 用作……；起……作用

_________________________________________________________________

1.现在分词短语作状语

Burns  are called first, second or third degree burns, depending_on (根据) which layers of the skin are burned.(教材P34)

2.unless “如果不；除非”，引导条件状语从句

Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless_it_is_stuck_to_the_burn (除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上)．(教材P34)

3.be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”

John was_studying (正在学习) in his room when (这时) he heard screaming.(教材P38)

4.There's no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”

There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.(教材P38)

单句语法填空

1.First aid is a temporary form of help ________ (give) to someone ________ suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.

答案：given; who

2.There are other times ________ giving first aid quickly can save lives.

答案：when

3.It prevents your body from ________ (lose) too much water.

答案：losing

4.If your skin gets ________ (burn) it can be very serious.

答案：burnt/burned

5.These ________ (effect) both the top and the second layer of the skin.

答案：affect

6.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by ________ (touch) a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.

答案：touching

7.You can get burned by a ________ (vary) of things.

答案：variety

8.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid ________ saved Ms Slade's life.

答案：that

9.John used these to treat the most severe injuries 　　　　 Ms Slade's hands.

答案：to

10.I'm proud of ________ I did but I was just doing ________ I'd been taught.

答案：what; what

考点步步冲关

1 aid　n. & vt. 帮助；援助；资助

First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.(P33)

急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。

(1)first aid 急救

in aid of 为了帮助；支持

with the aid of sb. 在某人的帮助下

come/go to sb.'s aid 帮助某人

(2)aid sb. 帮助某人

aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事

aid sb. to do sth.＝aid sb. (in) doing sth. 帮助某人做某事

即时练1

用aid相关的介词或短语填空

①Neighbours aided him ________ money when he almost lost everything in the fire.

②______________ my English teacher, I have made great progress this term.

③A concert was given by most famous stars __________________ the flooded areas.

答案：①with　②With the aid of　③in aid of

单句语法填空

④He was so kind a boy that he often aided his mother ________ (clean) the table, even the furniture.

⑤The hunt for her killer will continue, with the police ________ (aid) by the army and air force.

答案：④to clean　⑤aided

2 vital　adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的

If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.(P35)

如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立即送去看医生或送往医院至关重要。be vital to/for 对……是至关重要的

It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要

It is vital that ... ……是十分重要的(从句中要用“should＋do”虚拟语气，should 可以省略)

即时练2

单句语法填空

①Enough sleep is vital ________ the students' well­being and health.

②As far as I'm concerned, it is vital ________ (keep) accurate records.

答案：①for/to　②to keep

一句多译

重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说，“失败乃成功之母”。

③________________________ we should learn something from failure. Just as the saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”(主语从句)

④________________________ something from failure. Just as the saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”(it作形式主语的主语从句)

答案：③What's vital is that　④It's vital that we should learn

3 apply　vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效

　 　　vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用

He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.(P38)

他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，直到警察和救护车到来。

(1)apply ... to ... 把……应用/运用于……

apply to ... 适用于……；使适用

apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物

apply one's mind/oneself to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事

(2)applied adj. 应用的；实用的

(3)application n. 应用；施用；申请

(4)applicant n. 申请人

即时练3

写出下列句中apply的含义

①You  may apply in person or by letter; either will be OK.________

②At last he applied a little wax polish (蜡油) on the leg.________

③The new discovery may be applied in medicine.________

答案：①申请　②涂；敷　③应用；运用

单句语法填空

④His ________ (apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.

⑤Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine ________ it.

⑥The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, ________ (apply) himself to learning English.

答案：④application　⑤to　⑥applying

单句写作——句式升级

⑦如果你专心学习，你会被重点大学录取的。

a．普通表达：

____________________， you will be admitted to a key university.(if状语从句)

b．高级表达：

____________________， you will be admitted to a key university.(现在分词作状语)

答案：a.If you really apply yourself to your study

b．Applying yourself to your study

in place of 代替

take the place of sb.＝take sb.'s place 代替某人

in the first/second/...  place (用于句首)首先；第一/第二/……

in the first place (用于句尾)起先；当初

out of place 不合适；不恰当

give place to ... 给……让位

即时练1

用place相关的介词短语填空

①Please put all the books ______________ on the shelf after you finish reading them.

②Being poor, he felt completely ______________ among those rich people.

③Plastics are often used ______________ wood or metal.

④You already ate breakfast! Why didn't you tell me that ________________？

答案：①in place　②out of place　③in place of　④in the first place

一句多译

医生建议她多吃豆类食品来代替可能对她的心脏有害的肉类。

⑤The doctor advised her to eat more bean products ______________________.

⑥The doctor advised her to eat more bean products ______________________.

答案：⑤in place of meat which might be harmful to her heart　⑥to take the place of meat which might be harmful to her heart

make some/no difference (to ... )(对……)有一些/没有作用或影响

tell the difference (between ... and ... )辨别/区分(……与……的)差异

即时练2

单句语法填空

①Mary's words make ________ difference to him, for he is quite stubborn.

②Does it make ________ difference whether she will come to our party?

③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell ________ difference between them.

答案：①no　②any/a　③the

单句写作

④我不仅不会到处丢垃圾吐痰，而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。

Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, but I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope ____________________.

答案：my behavior will make a difference

(1)unless “除非……；如果不……”，引导条件状语从句，有时可与if ... not引导的状语从句互换。

(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句多用一般将来时。

(3)unless引导的条件状语从句有时可把主语和be动词省略(见“语法冲关”部分)。

(4)if necessary是状语从句的省略；状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致或者从句中主语是it，且谓语含有动词be的某种形式时，可以把从句的主语和be省略。

即时练1

单句写作——句式升级

除非被邀请，否则我不会参加明天举办的聚会。

a．普通表达：

I won't attend the party to be held tomorrow ____________________.

b．高级表达：

I won't attend the party to be held tomorrow ____________________.(状语从句的省略)

答案：a.unless I'm invited　b．unless invited

(1)be doing ... when ... 正在做……这时……

(2)

(3)had (just) done ... when ... 刚做完……这时……

即时练2

单句语法填空

①He ________ (walk) for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.

②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag ________ the bus suddenly stopped.

③We ________ (swim) in the lake when suddenly the storm started.

答案：①had walked　②when　③were swimming

一句多译

他正在大街上慢悠悠地走，突然感到有人轻轻地拍他的肩膀。

④______________________ he felt that someone patted him on the shoulder. (when)

⑤He felt that someone patted him on the shoulder ________________________. (while)

⑥__________________， he felt that someone patted him on the shoulder.(分词作状语)

答案：④He was wandering in the street when　⑤while he was wandering in the street　⑥Wandering in the street

省略

定义：在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些部分，这种现象称为省略。

简单句中的省略

1．省略主语

①It sounds like a great idea.

→Sounds like a great idea.

听起来是个好主意。

2．省略主谓或主谓语的一部分

②Are you looking for me?

→Looking for me?

你找我？

3．省略表语

③—Are you thirsty?

—Yes, I am thirsty./Yes, I am.

——你口渴吗？

——是的，我口渴。

4．同时省略几个成分

④I beg your pardon.

→Pardon.

请再说一遍。

并列句中的省略

两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分

⑤My brother is a doctor and my sisterinlaw (is) a lawyer.

我哥哥是医生，我嫂子是律师。

复合句中的省略

1．主句中有一些成分被省略，而用so或not来代替

⑥—Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?

—I think so. (so＝I'm leaving for Beijing this Sunday)

——这个周日你要动身去北京吗？

——我认为如此。

这种用法常见的有：suppose/believe/hope等。

2．宾语从句中的省略

宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个或以上并列宾语从句时，第二个及以后that不可省。

⑦Mary says (that) she is from America and that she is 16 years old.

玛丽说，她来自美国，她16岁。

3．定语从句中的省略

定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

⑧I haven't read the book (that) you're reading.

我没有读过你正在读的这本书。

4．状语从句中的省略

在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句以及if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，或though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或从句主语为it时，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中可省略“主语/it＋be”部分。

⑨When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.

→When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.

当被问到他做过什么的时候，约翰只是保持沉默。

不定式中的省略

动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，要保留这些词。

⑩He didn't give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance)．

尽管他答应过给我这个机会，但他并没有那样做。

注意：使役动词及感官动词后作宾补的不定式一定要省略to，但在被动语态中必须还原。

⑪I noticed a man enter the classroom when I passed by.

→A man was noticed to enter the classroom when I passed by.

当我经过的时候，我注意到一个人进入教室。

虚拟条件句中的省略

1．在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，可省略if，并且将were, had, should置于句首。

⑫If I had a lot of money, I'd aid the poor children.

→Had I a lot of money, I'd aid the poor children.

如果我有许多的钱，我会帮助贫困儿童。

2．在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should＋动词原形”，表示虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。

⑬The order that we (should) stay where we are is very serious and severe.

我们应该待在原地的命令是非常严肃认真的。

即时练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A child, if actively ________ (engage) in classroom activities, can be taught many things.

答案：engaged

2．—Hi, Tom. Does John have any hobbies?

—If ________， swimming will appeal to him most strongly.

答案：any

3．Some flowers shut up at night as if ________ (sleep)．

答案：to sleep

4．—Has he finished reading the book?

—He hopes to ________， but in fact he reads too slowly.

答案：have

5．The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ (water) every day.

答案：watered

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Unless it necessary, you'd better not interrupt your boss again.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉it或在it后加is

2．Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didn't?

_________________________________________________________________

答案：didn't→not

3．—Can you come to my party on Wednesday?

—Sure, I'd love to come.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉第二个come

4．I found her on the seashore, dreaming away the hours as is usual.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉is

5．Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he won't tell anyone even though asked.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：asked后加to

基础达标演练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．With the local community ________ (aid) us with our investigation, we soon found out the criminal.

答案：aiding

2．They get ________ (pay) twice as much as I do, but the  job is exactly the same as mine.

答案：paid

3．These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great ________ (press) on me.

答案：pressure

4．The train accident resulted in heavy casualties, with more than fifty people seriously ________ (injure)．

答案：injured

5．They have earned lots of money, so I ________ (firm) believe that the business is a success.

答案：firmly

6．Without such equipment as I had with me, I should have remained ________ (stick) in the road.

答案：stuck

7．________ was this morning that I met him in the street.

答案：It

8．I was about to call Mr Stone ________ I found my cellphone missing.

答案：when

9．It's vital that the theory ________ (apply) to practice, or it could just be something useless.

答案：(should) be applied

10．The global warming, if not properly ________ (control), might lead to more natural disasters.

答案：controlled

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉the

2．I decided to treat you with beer.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：with→to

3．We try to create work opportunities that will really make big difference to us.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：big前加a

4．Tom was repairing his bike  while he received a letter from his girlfriend, Mary.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：while→when

5．He honoured for his work in the fight against the disease AIDS yesterday.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：He后加was

Ⅲ.教材微写作

A．根据提示完成句子

1．毫无疑问，懂得一些急救知识很有必要，因为危险无处不在，事故时不时发生。(first aid)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：There is no doubt that it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.

2．以烧伤为例，根据哪几层皮肤烧伤，被称为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。(take ... for example; layer)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Take burns for example. They are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.

3．一度烧伤不严重，把伤处放在缓缓流动的水下冲洗一会儿就可以了。(for a while)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：First degree burns are not serious and it is OK to place burns under gently running water for a while.

4．二度和三度烧伤较为严重，尽管适当的冷敷(cold compress)可以起一定作用，但重要的是必须马上把患者送到医院。(make a difference; vital)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Second and third degree burns are more serious and a proper cold compress can make a difference, but it is vital to get the victim to hospital at once.

B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：There is no doubt  that  it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time. Take burns for example. They are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned. First degree burns are not serious and it is OK to place burns under gently running water for a while. Second and third degree burns are more serious and a proper cold compress can make a difference, but it is vital to get the victim to hospital at once.