2019届高考英语二轮复习专题强化卷：专题02 阅读理解说明类(含解析)

专题二《阅读理解说明类》

（90分钟，90分）

考点01：01  冠词   3颗星

考点02：代词 3颗星

考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星

考点04: 名词 3颗星

考点05：主谓一致 5颗星

考点06：形容词和副词   5颗星

考点08：非谓语动词  5颗星

考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星

考点10：定语从句   3颗星

考点13：状语从句  3颗星

考点14：特殊句式     2颗星

考点17：阅读理解说明文  5颗星

一、阅读理解

1    Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

    Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

    It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

    “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”

    Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.

    Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”

1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?

A.To remember the birth of jazz.

B.To protect cultural diversity.

C.To encourage people to study music.

D.To recognize the value of jazz.

2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A.Jazz becoming more accessible.

B.The production of jazz growing faster.

C.Jazz being less popular with the young.

D.The jazz audience becoming larger.

3.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A.It will disappear gradually.

B.It remains black and white.

C.It should keep up with the times.

D.It changes every 50 years.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.Exploring the Future of Jazz.

B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz.

C.The Story of a Jazz Musician.

D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.

2    A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'  5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

    To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

    Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.

    The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.

1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?

A.It's delicate.

B.It's expensive.

C.It's complex.

D.It's portable.

2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.The tube.

B.The still.

C.The hole.

D.The cup.

3.What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?

A.Dig a hole of a certain size.

B.Put the cup in place.

C.Weight the sheet's center down.

D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.

4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form  .

A.the plastic tube

B.outside the hole

C.the open air

D.beneath the sheet

3.    It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs.In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t.It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.But this isn’t accepted by all people.

    Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school.People can get education for a living in a short time.Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone.Even language and maths need not be taught in detail(详细地), either.Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.

    Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man.It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human.Education is to make a man lead a better life.Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and take an interest in the world.

    I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.

1.People with little education usually ________.

A.spend a long time in school

B.have a good chance to get a job

C.spend the best years to choose jobs

D.have fewer chances to get a good job

2.The earliest education was probably to ________.

A.make a man lead a better life

B.teach a man to write and read

C.make people get a way of living

D.teach people to read good books

3.The underlined word“well-rounded”in the passage means “________” in Chinese.

A.圆满的

B.崭新的

C.公平的

D.全面的

4.It is expected that educated people will be able to ________.

A.accept education as a way of living

B.take an interest in the whole world

C.develop their abilities to make plays

D.learn subjects like language and math

4.    Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.

    The body clock is an internal system that tells our bodies when it’s time to go to sleep and when it’s time to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin (褪黑激素) circulating in a person’s blood at any given time.

    In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime,stay high through the night,and then settle back down when it’s time to wake up.

    In our modem society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is,your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning,which leads to fatigue.It may also have other health consequences as well,such as diabetes(糖尿病),overweight and heart disease.

    Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited(招募)fourteen physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip,while the other five stayed home.At the end of the weekend,the researchers reported that in just two days,the campers’ body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip.By contrast,the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.

    “This tells us we can reset our clocks fast,”Wright said.

    Therefore,if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesn’t work,there’s always camping.

1.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A.To explain how a lack of sleep is bad for our health.

B.To inform us of a possible way to adjust the body clock.

C.To analyze how the body clock influences our sleeping habits.

D.To explore how the body clock is connected with melatonin levels.

2.The underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 4 probably means“__________”.

A.tiredness

B.excitement

C.refreshment

D.pressure

3.What did Wright’s team discover from their experiment?

A.The body clocks of the two groups didn’t show much difference.

B.The body clocks of those who stayed at home remained the same.

C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.

D.Changes to the body clock don’t necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.

4.According to the passage,to change our sleeping habit,we’d better_______.

A.set an alarm clock to wake us up on time in the morning

B.try to reduce melatonin levels as much as possible at night

C.spend several weeks staying in the open air every now and then

D.get exposed to more natural light in the day but less artificial light at night

二、语法填空

5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ①__________a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side ②__________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

    Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ③__________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt ④__________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As ⑤__________result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even ⑥__________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ⑦__________(be) full of fat and salt; by ⑧__________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

    Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be ⑨__________(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ⑩__________is not good for the health.

6.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ①__________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ②__________word.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,③__________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over ④__________ top.When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

    Steam engines ⑤__________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ⑥__________(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using ⑦__________ every day.

     Later,engineers ⑧__________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ⑨__________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most ⑩__________(success) of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.

7.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Recently, educators and parents become concerned about the poor performance of boys in school. The so-called “boy crisis” in education refers ①__________. both their academic performance and their behavior. In both areas boys’ results are much ②__________ (bad) than girls’.

    USA data shows that boys rank behind girls in almost all areas of schooling. They earn lower ③__________ (grade) overall in primary school and high school. They are behind girls in reading and writing, and 30 percent of them are in bottom quarter of standardized tests, ④__________ (compare) with 19 percent of girls.

    Although the causes of the “boy crisis” are not ⑤__________ (full) understood, some experts believed that the same-sex classrooms and schools may help solve the problem. The idea is ⑥__________ (remove) some of the distractions(分心) caused by the opposite sex, in order to improve students’ concentration and hopefully their grades. The first Chinese school to experiment with this idea ⑦__________ (be) Shanghai No.8 Middle School, ⑧__________ began “boys-only” classes in September, 2012. Although it is too early to tell if the reform has made ⑨__________ difference, its supporters argue that the results are ⑩__________(promise).

8.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    A young man in Wuhan,Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation(轰动)after a video showing his heart - warming act on a subway train went viral on social media ①__________(recent).

    In the video, the man can be seen ②__________(hold) his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro, with a message in large font on the screen which reads,"Please wake me if you need my seat.”

    The video ③__________(film) by a fellow passenger was posted on Weibo. The video,④__________was just 7 seconds long, has been viewed more than 19 million times in just two days. Chinese netizens(网民)were greatly touched by the young man's act and applauded him for his ⑤__________(kind).A web user even commented," I only needed 7 seconds to fall ⑥__________love with this young man.

    The humble(谦逊的)man ⑦__________(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should.ln a Weibo post,he thanked netizens for ⑧__________(they) love and praise. He said he would always fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the train but worried others may need the seat,so he got ⑨__________idea mentioned above-making a message on his phone screen.

    He added that he hopes the positive energy can spread ⑩__________(far).

参考答案

一、阅读理解

答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A

解析： 1.根据第一段最后一句UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures可知,教科文组织将4月30日定为国际爵士乐节,是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的意义与价值。故正确答案为D。

2.根据第二段Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations此处that指代上一句爵士乐在年轻一代不受欢迎,所以此处C项“爵士乐不太受年轻人欢迎”,符合题意。故正确答案为C。

3.根据第五段The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same可知Moran认为爵士乐要与时俱进,C项意为“跟上时代的步伐”符合题意。故正确答案为C。

4.本文主要讲,教科文组织将4月30日定为国际爵士乐节,让人们意识到爵士乐的意义与价值,以及改善爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎的处境,探索爵士乐的未来。A项,“探索爵士乐的未来”符合题意。故正确答案为A。

答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D

解析： 1.根据第一段第三句前半句Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you…可知,太阳能蒸馏器设备必须被携带。因此其是可以携带的。其余选项文章均未提及。故正确答案为D。

2.根据第二段划线词组前面的句子可知,其为蒸馏器的制作过程以及放置地点。后面的increase productivity为增加产量。因此可以推断该词组为蒸馏器。故正确答案为B。

3.根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间,把它压下去”,故正确答案为C。

4.根据文章随后一段第二句Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知,地面上的水蒸发并且在塑料布上,形成小水滴后落在被子里。因此可以得知水滴来自塑料布下方。故正确答案为D。

3.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t.”可知,接受教育很少的人得到好工作的机会很少,故D项正确。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.”可知,早期的教育是为了让人们谋生,故C项正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.”可知,教育是全面的,它不仅是教说、读、写,而且还开发思维和其他能力,故D项正确。

4.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and take an interest in the world.”可知,受教育的人能够对整个世界都感兴趣,故B项正确。

4.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D

二、语法填空

5.答案：as; effects; to process; are removed; a; worse; is; eating; careful; which

解析：①as 考查介词。句意:这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为,以……身份”,故填as。

②effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多,故填effects。

③to process 考查不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物require表示“要求”,require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。

④are removed考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉,分析可知fat,salt和move之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是被人民去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are removed。

⑤a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”,句意结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。

⑥worse 考查比较级。句意更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。

⑦is 考查主谓一致。句意快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。

⑧eating 考查动名词。句意通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词,所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。

⑨careful 考查形容词。句意然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语,故填careful。

⑩which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。

6.答案：crowds ; from ; laying ; the ; were used; fairly ; it ; managed ; introduction ; successful

解析：①考查名词,crowd前没有冠词,且它是可数名词,故填crowds.

②考查介词,to and from来回,故填from.

③考查动词,这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式,故填laying.

④考查名词,top是名词,前要用冠词,故填the.

⑤考查被动语态,根据句意:蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物,故填were used.

⑥考查副词,这里fair是形容词,pleasant也是形容词,所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词,故填fairly.

⑦考查代词,这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.

⑧考查动词,本文全篇都是一般过去时,所以这里也应用一般过去时,故填managed.

⑨考查词性转换,空格前是the,后面应该是名词,故填名词introduction.

⑩考查形容词,空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级,故填successful.

7.答案：to; worse; grades; compared; fully; to remove; is; which; a; promising

8.答案：recently; holding; filmed; which; kindness; in; refused; their; the; further/farther