必修4 Unit2 Working the land（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修4 Unit2 Working the land

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals in agriculture. 
2. The needs and opinions of ordinary working people were ignored. 
3. It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 
4. We import raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 
5. These birds are rare and therefore protected by law. 
6. Miss Li went through my composition and made some useful comments about it.
7. Expanding your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.
8. Please fill in your name, address and occupation (职业) in this form.
9. Prices have risen steadily during the past two decades (十年). 
10. My cousin has just been back from the beach, looking quite fit and sunburnt (晒黑的).
11. With such a strong personality (个性), she seems to keep her distance from her fellow students. 
12. Majoring in chemical (化学的) engineering, he is determined to be a chemist.
13. 【2019全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】On behalf of all our team members, I am writing to invite you to join us in the battle (战斗, 战役)!

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. Not having eaten anything for a whole day, the kid was rather weak from hunger (hungry). 
2. The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are. 
3. We will continue to encourage Chinese companies to expand (expand) investment in developing countries. 
4. Women have gained the freedom to decide whether to marry or not, and they are free to choose their jobs at present. (free) 
5. Your speed must be reduced to the city speed limit as soon as you cross the border. 
6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to hear (hear). 
7. Light pollution has become one of the most disturbing (disturb) environmental problems in the world.
8. 8.I regret to tell (tell) you that you have failed again in the exam. 
9. Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job. (equip)  
10. He entered the room without being noticed (notice). 
11. He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confuse other people for a long time. (confuse)
12. As long as national types are not taken too seriously, it’s fun trying to guess a person’s nationality from their personality. (nation)

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. It took an extraordinary effort to focus on (集中于) preparing his classes or correcting his students’ work. 
2. It was the driver’s carelessness that led to (导致,造成) the car accident. 
3. Speaking to yourself can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind and build up (逐渐增强) your confidence.
4. Winter is coming, and a thick cover should be put on the vegetables to rid them of (使……摆脱) cold. 
5. Thanks to (多亏,由于) Dr. Yuan’s super hybrid rice, many people in the world no longer have to suffer from starvation.
6. Rich as she is, she isn’t satisfied with (对……感到满意) her life. 
7. Balanced diets and proper exercise keep you free of/from (使……免受) disease. 
8. Her spirits were high with the hope of (希望) seeing Nick in minutes rather than hours.

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. As we know, Wang Yaping is the first Chinese astronaut to give (give) lessons in space. 
2. Have you ever travelled to Shanghai? If so, what impressed you most there? If not, when will you want to admire it? 
3. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly. 
4. To make up for the missed lessons, you are to spend twice as much time and energy as you used to.
5. I would rather tell (tell) him about it myself than let (let) him find out from other people. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   Yuan Longping, 1.known (know) as China’s “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Over the past five decades, he 2.struggled (struggle) for an approach to increasing the output of rice 3.without expanding the area of the fields. Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, 4.finding (find) ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. At that time, 5.hunger (hungry) was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice 6.that has a high output. His dream to help the world get rid of hunger came true. 

   Dr Yuan devoted 7.himself (he) to the research into agriculture and 8.was honoured (honour) by UNESCO & FAO. He is quite satisfied with his life but doesn’t care about being famous 9.or leading a comfortable life.10.Although/Though he is over 80 years old, he is still working on the research into agriculture. 

必修4 Unit2 Working the land

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2020全国I卷】The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

   The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

   One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.

   In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.

   Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).

Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处, 因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程, 以及这种植物的一些优势, 指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯, 达到节约能源的作用。

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. A new study of different plants.

B. A big fall in crime rates.

C. Employees from various workplaces.

D. Benefits from green plants.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中, 当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时, 他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知, 第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。

2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?

A. To detect plants’ lack of water

B. To change compositions of plants

C. To make the life of plants longer.

D. To test chemicals in plants.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物, 还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知, 麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。

3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?

A. They will speed up energy production.

B. They may transmit electricity to the home.

C. They might help reduce energy consumption.

D. They could take the place of power plants.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源。由此可知, 这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Can we grow more glowing plants?

B. How do we live with glowing plants?

C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?

D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源, 例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离, 在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处, 因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物, 文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程, 以及这种植物的一些优势, 指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯, 达到节约能源的作用。由此可知, C选项”发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

B

【2017全国II卷】When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.

   Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.

   Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.

   In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.

   Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.

   Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。首先提出, 当多叶植物受到攻击时, 不会坐以待毙这一论点, 并围绕这一论点展开叙述。研究发现, 当植物受到攻击时, 会发出VOCs , 以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。

5. What does a plant do when it is under attack?

A. It makes noises.          B. It gets help from other plants.

C. It stands quietly         D. It sends out certain chemicals.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据”reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get . These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant  and seem to be an alarm”可知, 当植物受到伤害时, 会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。

6. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?

A. The attackers get attacked.

B. The insects gather under the table.

C. The plants get ready to fight back.

D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.

【答案】C

【解析】词义推测题。根据”Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch”, 一旦它们到达这里, (   ), 然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐, 根据语境, 故选C。

7. Scientists find from their studies that plants can        .

A. predict natural disasters      B. protect themselves against insects

C. talk to one another intentionally   D. help their neighbors when necessary

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题, 根据” In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”, 可知, 植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质, 通知周围的植物保持警惕。故选D。

8. what can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The word is changing faster than ever.

B. People have stronger senses than before

C. The world is more complex than it seems

D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据”imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole 1lot going on”可知, 这个世界远比我们我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密, 我们认知能力有限, 有很多事仍在继续发生,远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。

C

【2018北京卷】      Plastic-Eating Worms

   Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

   Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

   Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”

   Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?

   Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普知识类文章。从环保理念出发, 文章围绕一种可以降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟展开, 描述了研究进展及虫子能降解塑料的原理, 即使用其胃中的酶降解塑料, 为塑料污染问题提供了新的思路。

9. What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics.

D. They wind up in landfills.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的”The team 1eft 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.”可知, 这些虫子可以消耗聚乙烯购物袋, 即塑料袋。故选C。

10. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to           .

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings

D. increase the breakdown speed

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的”The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物?”可知, 下一步是探究酶的来源。故选B。

11. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might           .

A. help to raise worms

B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans

D. be produced in factories in future

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段”But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply” millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic”可知研究者希望那些化学物品可以批量生产, 而不是将许多虫子直接扔在垃圾堆里。故选D。

12. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms.

B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C. To present a way to break down plastics.

D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.

【答案】A

【解析】写作意图题。全文都在围绕可以降解垃圾的虫子展开, 文章的目的就是向读者呈现这种独特的降解塑料的方式。故选A。

D

【2020沈阳市高三教学质量监测三】 China is a large producer and consumer of rice. But, as a result of climate change, the amount of land available for rice growing in the country is shrinking. The concern has motivated scientists led by Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice”, to look for new ways of growing the grain.

    Now they’re celebrating successful efforts to grow rice — in sand and seawater. Rice is traditionally grown in soil and fresh water. Starting from January, according to the official Xinhua News Agency, the scientists have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai. They experimented with seawater because it is easier to obtain in the desert than fresh water.

   China is not the only country facing the issue of overly salty soil. Around the world, there are around 2.35 billion acres of highly saline(含盐的) land. And the number is increasing because of rising sea levels and climate change.

   “Probably only a small part of the world’s saline land could be brought into production with seawater rice, but that would still have a very important effect on food security,” Even R. Pay, a senior analyst, said.

   Yuan told Xinhua that one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons, per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations.

   Rice is the basic food in many parts of the world. About 90% of rice consumption is from Asia, but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise.

   A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could potentially benefit many countries. “This is a fantastic development, which is likely to have a good effect on agricultural resource and water-poor countries, particularly in North Africa region.”

   Even though the cost of growing salt­tolerant rice is still high, it will also have strategic value once it’s commercialized.

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们进行了在沙子和海水中种植水稻的试验。

13. What has caused the scientists to find new ways of growing rice?

A. The increase of rice consumers.

B. The high cost of rice producing.

C. The land shortage of rice growing.

D. The severe pollution of fresh water.

【答案】C

【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段第二、三句“But, as a result of climate change...  to look for new ways of growing the grain”可知, 能种植水稻的土地短缺促使科学家们去寻找种植水稻的新方法。

14. Yuan’s team have successfully grown rice in sand and sea water in         .

A. China   B. Dubai  C. Latin America  D. North Africa

【答案】B

【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Starting from January... have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai”和第五段中的“one of the varieties  of rice grown in Dubai”可知, Yuan的团队在迪拜成功地在沙子和海水中种植了水稻。

15. What is the author’s attitude to the rice-growing experiment?

A. Doubtful.  B. Positive.   C. Critical.  D. Disappointed.

【答案】B

【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Even though the cost of growing salt­tolerant   rice is still high, it will also have strategic value once it's commercialized”可推知, 作者对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的态度。

II. 阅读七选五

【2020西安五校联考】After a long day at work, coming home is a breath of fresh  air. Home is a comfortable place to sit back and relax.   16   Below are a number of things we can do to create a healthy home environment that will help to ease the workday stress and promote our physical and mental health.

   Cleaning the house regularly is the first thing we should do. It may seem like a tiring thing to clean but there is a reason for doing so. We can remove dust by cleaning the house. Leaving layers of dust everywhere means that there is a build-up of dust. And where do these layers of dust go?  17   

   Making sure the rooms are full of sunlight is also important. We may not realize it but sunlight is an important part of our growth. We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions. _ 18    Think about using a Parans system where sunlight does not reach. This technology gathers the sunlight by using solar panels(板). It can send out sunlight wherever we are.

      19    Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素) in the air. They also give off oxygen, which can lower stress and improve our moods.

   Along the lines of being green, it can also be vital to think about what things we are bringing into the house. Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health.    20    They may contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in, or simply absorbed through the skin.

A．Into our lungs.

B．However, is it as healthy as it can be?

C．Is our home as comfortable as it used to be?

D．The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.

E．It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.

F．Besides, it can reduce both stress and high blood pressure.

G．It is acknowledged that a greener lifestyle is linked to better health.

【答案】16-20 BAFED

【语篇解读】本文为说明文。作者就如何营造一个“健康之家”提出了几条建议。

16. B此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，引出“健康之家”的概念，也引出下文提到的如何营造“健康之家”。故B项最佳。

17. A空前是一个问句，A项“进入了我们的肺”能恰当地回答前面的问句“这层层的灰尘去了哪儿？”，前呼后应，故最佳。

18. F空前主要在讲阳光的好处，F项“此外，它(阳光)还能减轻压力和缓解高血压”与此相关。

19. E此处需要一个段落主旨句。Going green是一个关键的信息词，且空后提到消除空气中的毒素，释放氧气，故可判断本段主要讲室内的绿化问题，且E项中的plants正是此段最后一句中They的指代对象。故选E项。

20. D空处前一句讲到“有害塑料”问题，又D项讲到某些地毯和油漆，根据常识可知地毯和油漆可能会含有有害健康的化学物质，与语境符合，故选D项。

III.语法填空

【2020郑州高三第一次质量预测】Chinese researchers have 21.________ (successful) grown and harvested rice in the deserts of Dubai after developing a strain (品种) which 22.________ (allow) the crop to grow in salt water.

   A team of scientists, 23.________ (lead) by China's “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping, have already started growing the crop in dilute (稀释的) seawater at home and are now bringing the technique to the Middle East.

   The big harvest of rice last year in the suburbs of Dubai far exceeded scientists' expectations, according to a report by Xinhua News Agency. The high output—7,500 kilograms per hectare compared with the 24.______ (globe) average of 3,000 kilograms per hectare—has encouraged scientists to expand the project. They 25.______ (plan) to set up a 100­hectare experimental farm in Dubai later last year. They will put it into regular use this year and then start expanding after 2020.

   The Dubai project is cooperation between China's Sea Rice Research and Development Center with the Private Office of Sheikh Saeed Bin Ahmed Al Maktoum. The two parties have signed an 26.________ (agree) to promote seawater rice across the area to reduce the risk of food shortages in the future.

   While scientists in some countries 27.________ water shortages are a serious concern have been developing desalination (脱盐) techniques to change seawater for use in agriculture, China has been working 28.________ (develop) strains of salt－tolerant rice for the past four decades.

   Although 29.________ is not yet clear how the Dubai project will be able to secure enough fresh water to dilute seawater 30.________ large-scale rice planting, Chinese scientists have already started growing it closer to home on a commercial scale.

【答案】 31. successfully  32. allows  33. led   34. global  35. planned

   36. agreement  37. where  38. to develop 39. it   40. for

【语篇解读】中国的研究人员在迪拜已成功种植并收获了一种用海水种植的水稻。

21．successfully考查副词。修饰动词用副词，根据空后的“grown and harvested”可知，此处应用副词successfully。

22．allows考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故应用一般现在时；空前的“which”引导的是定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代先行词a strain，为第三人称单数，故填allows。

23．led考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词lead和其逻辑主语A team of scientists之间为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。

24．global考查形容词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“average”可知，此处应用形容词global作名词average的定语。

25．planned考查动词的时态。根据本句中的“later last year”可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作。

26．agreement考查词形转换。根据语境以及空前的“an”可知，此处应用agree的名词形式agreement。

27．where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以此处应用where来引导该从句。

28．to develop考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，过去四十年，中国一直致力于开发抗盐的水稻，此处表示目的，故填to develop。

29．it考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，how引导的从句作真正的主语。

30．for考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示稀释海水是为了大规模种植水稻，故用介词for“为了”。