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南通市2020届高三第四次调研测试
英语试题
第I卷 (三部分 共85分)
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分20分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is Andy now?
A. In the U.K. B. In France. C. In China.
2. What will the woman do?
A. Look after her sick sister.
B. Have a walk with the man.
C. Take care of her sister’s child.
3. What is the relationship between Colin and Mary?
A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
4. How long does the computer club last?
A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 45 minutes.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. A hairdresser. B. A hairstyle. C. A girl.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What do we know about the basket?
A. It is small for a coffee pot.
B. It was bought yesterday.
C. It is of bad quality.
7. What does the woman decide to do in the end?
A. Change the basket for another one.
B. Have the basket repaired.
C. Return the basket.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where did the woman meet Bradley Cooper?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a bookstore. C. At a shopping center.
9. What did Bradley Cooper do for the woman?
A. He gave her a book.
B. He signed a book for her.
C. He helped her with her English.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When is Priceless on?
A. At 8 pm. B. At 9 pm. C. At 11 pm.
11. What does the woman think of quiz shows?
A. Boring. B. Exciting. C. Funny.
12. What program will the woman watch?
A. A basketball game. B. A movie. C. A talk show.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who went to England last year?
A. Ivan. B. Jim. C. Erica.
14. Where did Erica stay during her holiday?
A. In a hotel. B. In a tent. C. In a flat.
15. Which means of transport did Ann use from Italy to Malta?
A. The plane. B. The car. C. The boat.
16. Where will the speakers probably go?
A. To a mountain. B. To a farm. C. To a castle.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which position is open?
A. Editors. B. Reporters. C. Website designers.
18. What can be got from the job?
A. Chances to travel around. B. Lots of money. C. Free movies.
19. What is the requirement for the applicants?
A. Work experience.
B. Good writing skills.
C. Access to the Internet.
20. What does the speaker talk about in the end?
A. The deadline.
B. The age limit.
C. The website address.
【答案】1—5：BCABC 6—10： CAABA 11—15： ABBAC 16—20： BBCCA
【解析】听力原文
Text 1
M: Andy is a reporter from Chicago and he travels abroad all the time. And he has already been to the U.K. and China.
W: Really? Where is he now?
M: He has gone to France. He’s coming back next Tuesday.
Text 2
M: Do you feel like having a walk with me?
W: I’d love to, but I have to go to my sister’s. She is ill and I have to look after her child.
Text 3
M: So tell me more about your family. I know you have a little brother and a little sister.
W: Yes, Colin and Mary. They are twins. They are lots of fun.
M: And you live with your mum.
W: I used to, but I moved out with my husband after we got married.
Text 4
W: Excuse me, Mr. Lea. When does the computer club finish this afternoon?
M: At 4:15, Jane. And you must all be in the computer room by 3:45.
W: I see. So I will be able to catch the 4:30 bus.
Text 5
W: Look at Christine. She’s been to the hairdresser’s. She always likes to have a smart haircut.
M: The girl with short hair?
W: Yes. She looks angry. Perhaps they cut off too much.
Text 6
M: Good morning, may I help you?
W: Yes, I bought this picnic basket here about a week ago. The quality is terrible.
M: Oh? What’s wrong?
W: Now look at this bottom. I went on a picnic yesterday. The bottom dropped when I was carrying the basket and the coffee pot in the basket broke. I’d like to know whether I can return it.
M: Well, but I’m afraid we don’t give money back on products on sale. Maybe you’d like to choose something else for the same price?
W: Well, if so, I’d like a new one of better quality.
Text 7
M:Have you ever met a famous person?
W: Yes, I have. Bradley Cooper.
M: Really? When and where?
W:It was last summer. My friends and I were on vacation in LA. We were walking out of a restaurant and talking about going shopping when he walked in.
M: Did you say anything to him?
W: Yes, I did. I asked him for a signature.
W: Did he give you one?
W: Yes, he is really nice. I didn’t have any paper with me, so he signed a book that I was carrying.
M: What book was it?
W: It was my English textbook, believe it or not. I had it with me to help me with my English.
Text 8
M: What do you want to do tonight? Do you want to go out?
W: Not really. I’m tired. Is there anything good on TV?
M:I don’t think so. Let me see if I can find the program guide online. There is Priceless on at 8 p.m.
W: I don’t really like quiz shows. They’re a bit boring for me. Is there a talk show on?
M: No, all good talk shows are late at night. But there is an exciting basketball game on at …
W: No way! How about a movie?
M: There’s a couple to choose from. There’s one called By Tomorrow, and it doesn’t start until 11 p.m.
W: That’s too late to watch it.
M: Or there is another one called Let Him Go that starts at 9 p.m. I think it’s a comedy.
W: Sounds good. Let’s make a deal. I let you watch the first half of the game, then we watch the movie together.
Text 9
M: Bella, I’ve got a week’s holiday in July. Why don’t we go to the mountains and take the tent?
W: Oh, no! My friend Ivan slept in a tent last July and it rained all week.
M: But I like the rain.
W: Dad! Jim and his friends flew to England last year. They found a flat in the city center.
M: No, you know I don’t really like cities.
W: I was talking to Erica yesterday. She said they stayed in a small family hotel in a little village in France. It was just like home! Why don’t we go there?
M: I’m not sure. What about your friend, Ann?
W: Oh, yeah! She stayed with her family in a castle on Malta. They drove to Italy and took a boat to Malta from there.
M: That sounds like a lot of driving! Any other ideas?
W: I know! Linda’s family went to Stanton’s Farm and it was great fun. We could take our bikes and go cycling.
M: Now that’s a good idea.
Text 10
W: I’m here to tell you about an interesting website. Last year, some friends and I started a website called Traveling Reporters. It’s a youth news site with interesting articles written by young people in the community. We write articles for our website on a regular basis. We also write reviews and interviews. We are now trying to find a new team of traveling reporters to write about local events and things of interest to young people in their area. This is a great chance for young people who are interested in giving writing for the Internet a go. You’ll get lots of support from our editor, so no experience is necessary.
You won’t be paid for the work but there are benefits to being a traveling reporter. For a start it’s a wonderful way to develop your writing skills. You’ll also have the opportunity to meet and work with other young people from around the country. And of course it’s a great way to get some free CDs, movies and books.
If you’d like to apply you’ll need to be at least 15 and no more than 19 years old. Once you apply, you’ll need to attend two days of training before you start. You also need to be familiar with the Internet and have regular access to it.
For more information please visit our website at www. travelingreporters.com.
You need to apply by 12th April, so don’t waste any time.
第二部分 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 单项填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. The art festival is an annual event ______ the students can show off their talents.
A. where B. that C. which D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：艺术节是一个一年一度的节日，同学们都在艺术节上施展才艺。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词event，在定语从句中作地点状语，故选A。
22. The researchers ______ till midnight every day since the outbreak of the disease to find an effective cure.
A. work B. will work
C. are working D. have been working
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从疫情爆发以来，研究者每天都忙到深夜以找到有效的治愈方法。Since…提示用完成时态，till midnight表示动作的持续性，用现在完成进行时，故选D。
23. China’s economic progress has been made ______ stronger efforts in energy saving and environmental protection.
A. in response to B. in parallel with
C. in regard to D. in conflict with
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：中国取得了巨大的经济进步，同时还在节能减排和保护环境方面加大了努力。A响应，对…的回应；B与…同时，与...平行；C关于；D与…起冲突，故选B。
24. The company has ______ the gas supply temporarily to repair the damaged gas pipe.
A. cut in B. cut up C. cut off D. cut out
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个公司临时切断了煤气供应来修复受损的煤气管道。A. 插嘴；超车； B. 切碎；抨击； C. 切断；中断；隔离； D. 删去；停止；关掉；故选C。
25. ______ most of us are satisfied with the nutrients we’re getting from our diets, they are actually far from enough.
A. While B. If C. Since D. Before
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管我们大都对从饮食中获得的营养感到很满意，但事实上这些还远远不够。此处表示尽管，虽然，故选A。
26. In case of fire, we must follow the emergency ______ to ensure our safety.
A. predictions B. proportions C. procedures D. pressures
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：万一发生火灾，我们必须按照应急步骤来做，确保自身安全。此处emergency procedures为应急操作步骤；A断定；声明；B比例；C步骤，程序；D压力，故选C。
27. —The hillside village remains primitive and unspoiled.
—That explains ______ people desire to explore such a remote place.
A. how B. where C. when D. why
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：山坡上的这个村庄依然保持原始而又未开发。——这就解释了为什么人们都想去这么远的地方探索了。此处why people desire to explore such a remote place引导表示原因的宾语从句，作动词explains的宾语，故选D。
28. Most _______ labor in the past has been replaced by modern machines.
A. manual B. liberal C. fragile D. casual
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：过去大多数的手工劳动都被现代化的机器取代了。Manual labor与modern machine形成对比，表示手工劳作的，故选A。
29. When she was in college, Sophia ______ as a teacher in the small town for several months.
A. had volunteered B. volunteered
C. has volunteered D. is volunteering
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当索菲亚还在上大学时，就曾在一个小镇上支教了几个月。此处When she was in college提示事情发生在过去，动作已经结束，用一般过去式，故选B。
30. The college entrance exam ______ until July this year, senior three students will be better prepared.
A. to postpone B. having postponed
C. postponed D. being postponed
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：高考今年推迟至七月，高三学生能更做更好的准备了。后半句为主句，前半句用非谓语动词且为独立主格结构， The college entrance exam与postpone构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词，故选C。
31. We often visit the nursing home and talk to the aged as if they ______ our own grandparents.
A. were B. are C. had been D. will be
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们经常去敬老院和老人说话，就好像他们是我们自己的爷爷奶奶一样。表示对现在的虚拟用were，故选A。
32. A package of measures has been introduced to help the economy and ______ jobs.
A. preview B. preserve C. prevent D. predict
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：一系列的措施已经被引进来帮助恢复经济并保留工作岗位。A预习，预览；B保留，保存；C阻止，阻碍；D预测，故选B。
33. Education reform has swept across schools, bringing with ______ new opportunities for students to develop in an all-round way.
A. one B. it C. them D. those
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：教育改革已席卷了很多学校，这给学生带来了新机遇，帮助他们全面发展自我。此处education reform用it 来代替，故选B。
34. You don’t have to take a taxi. I’ll have my assistant ______ you to the museum.
A. to drive B. driven C. driving D. drive
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不需要打车。我会派我的助手开车送你你去博物馆的。Have sb do表示让某人做某事，宾语为省略to的动词不定式，故选D。
35. —Can you pass me the book on the shelf?
—Of course, ______.
A. never mind B. take it easy C. here you are D. help yourself
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：你能把书架上的书给我吗？当然，给你。A不必介意，不客气；B别着急，慢慢来；C给你；D请自便，故选C。 
第二节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was always the girl who managed to stay moderately fit through an active lifestyle. I relied on my brain but largely 36 my body.
Then, due to a mixture of 37 and overwork, I found myself no longer the 38 and happy person I had been. I couldn’t find 39 in the things I loved. I was unwell and needed to find a way to get better.
I added 40 to my schedule, along with more time outdoors and reducing my 41 . I didn’t expect to enjoy it, and knew that I would need a one-to-one trainer to 42 me to exercise regularly. I 43 a personal trainer. I explained that I wasn’t aiming to lose weight. I had no 44 of shifting my anxiety on to the way I looked. 45 , I wanted to improve my balance, flexibility and strength.
My trainer presented exercise as a way to boost myself up (增强) rather than 46 , and to help my body be stronger and 47 for the things I wanted to do every day. To achieve this, I 48 time and energy in myself. 49 myself physically has not always been easy. It is hard work, I sweat a lot, and I 50 it. I finally found myself understanding 51 I would want to make exercise part of my life.
My body has built up. When I run, it takes less 52 ; when I dig my garden for hours, my back no longer 53 . Now, when I’m 54 who I am and what I’m worth, I look down at my arms. Thanks to the exercise, my newly defined 55 reminds me of what I’m made of: the determination to thrive as well as survive.
36. A. appreciated B. shaped C. trained D. ignored
【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/may/27/how-taking-up-boxing-helped-me-beat-anxiety-and-regain-control-of-my-life
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文“我因为工作过量发现自己不再快乐”可知，此处表示我忽视了自己的身体。故选D。
37. A. passions B. complaints C. stresses D. praises
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文的overwork以及我不再开心可知，此处表示压力。故选C。
38. A. confident B. honest C. punctual D. generous
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。这里和happy并列，要填褒义词，此处表示“我不再开心、自信”。故选A。
39. A. evidence B. pleasure C. humour D. fault
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文作者不开心可知，此处表示我无法在我曾经喜欢的东西里找到快乐。故选B。
40. A. entertainment B. communication C. travel D. exercise
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文更多出门的时间和exercise regularly可知，此处表示我让自己多锻炼。故选D。
41. A. expectation B. workload C. diet D. income
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文我不开心是因为压力和过度工作以及开始多锻炼可知，此处表示减少工作量。故选B。
42. A. promise B. motivate C. allow D. beg
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文我需要一个教练可知，此处表示需要教练激励我每天锻炼。故选B。
43. A. seized B. charged C. hired D. questioned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文我需要一个教练以及下文我和教练解释…可知，此处我雇了一个教练。故选C。
44. A. intention B. chance C. idea D. doubt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文我不是要减肥可知，此处表示我并不想通过外貌转移我的压力。
45. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。根据上文内容以及下文是我真正的想法可知，此处和前面形成转折。故填A。
46. A. hang about B. shrink down C. burst in D. show off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。此处对应上文减肥，我想通过锻炼来增强自己，而不是减肥。故选B。
47. A. fitter B. slower C. higher D. lighter
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上文stronger以及下文我每天想做的事可知，此处表示适合。故选A。
48. A. saved B. wasted C. found D. invested
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文我在努力锻炼身体可知，此处表示我在自己身上投资时间和精力。故选D。
49. A. Challenging B. Burying C. Measuring D. Locating
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文我一直流汗可知，此处填的动名词是要表示锻炼的意思，而后面有physically，因此是challenge sb physically，在身体上挑战自己，即锻炼。故选A。
50. A. mean B. love C. catch D. refuse
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文我让锻炼成为我生活的一部分可知，此处表示我喜欢锻炼。故选B。
51. A. where B. how C. when D. why
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文在解释我锻炼后收获的东西可知，此处表示我明白我为什么让锻炼成为我生活的一部分。故选D。
52. A. time B. skill C. effort D. focus
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。我身体变强壮后，我跑步的时候花的力气更少。此处it takes effort表示花精力。故选C。
53. A. shakes B. breaks C. aches D. exists
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示当我在花园劳作时，我的背不再痛。故选C。
54. A. enjoying B. wondering C. choosing D. guessing
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。此处表示当我想知道自己到底是谁，自己价值是什么。故选B。
55. A. character B. habit C. muscle D. mind
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文看我的胳膊以及我的身体变强和我的意志力可知，此处表示我新锻炼出的肌肉。故选C。
第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Beijing museum launches outer space into cyberspace
The National Museum of China has taken a variety of measures on its website and WeChat account, creating virtual tours for its current and permanent exhibitions, uploading audio of previous educational courses and providing more social media posts to detail the star items in its collection. It has gone a further step by launching an exhibition entirely online with the help of advanced technology such as 3D modeling and 5G.
The exhibition, titled Dongfanghong Forever, charts the progress China has made in aerospace over half a century. The show opened on April 24, which is marked as the country’s Space Day, when the satellite Dongfanghong 1 was launched in 1970.
The success of Dongfanghong 1 entering its present orbit not only registered the country’s first steps in exploring outer space but the event also made China the fifth country in the world to develop a satellite on its own and put it in space.
The online exhibition is expected to run for a long time, and people can visit it on the museum’s website at any time. It is the first such virtual show the museum has staged. It reviews “three critical moments in the country’s space exploration—the development of Dongfanghong 1, the liftoff of China’s first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou V, in 2003 and the landing of the Chang’e 4 lunar probe in 2019”.
The exhibition gives a view of Dongfanghong 1 orbiting in the form of digital simulation (模拟). Viewers can also watch television interviews of scientists involved in the mission and documentary footage filmed in 1970, as well as hear Dongfanghong (The East is Red), a song popular in China hailing Mao Zedong, played by the satellite.
The exhibition will motivate more people to engage in the country’s ambitious course of space exploration.
56. The National Museum of China has recently ______.
A. launched a satellite into outer space
B. set up a website and WeChat account
C. uploaded more digital documents online
D. helped to advance 3D and 5G technology
【题源】http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202004/28/WS5ea774caa310a8b241152233.html
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章第一段可知，国家博物馆在网站和微信上为展览创建了虚拟之旅，上传了以往教育课程的音频、社交媒体帖子、明星项目等，可知博物馆最近在线上传了更多的数据文件。故选C。
57. On the museum’s website, you can ______.
A. see how Dongfanghong 1 was orbiting
B. have an interview with some scientists
C. visit China’s first manned spacecraft
D. provide classes about space exploration
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章倒数第二段The exhibition gives a view of Dongfanghong 1 Orbiting in the form of digital simulation可知，展览以数字模拟的形式展示了东方红1号的绕轨运行，故选A。
B
Should you choose time over money, or money over time? This is one of those so-called dilemmas of happiness that isn’t really a dilemma at all, because the answer is so painfully obvious. Money, after all, is just an instrument for obtaining other things, including time—while time is all we’ve got. And to make matters worse, you can’t save it up.
And yet we do choose money over time, again and again, even when basic material well-being doesn’t demand it. Partly, no doubt, that’s because even well-off people fear future poverty. But it’s also because the time/money trade-off rarely presents itself in simple ways. Suppose you’re offered a better-paid job that requires a longer commute (more money in return for less time); but then again, that extra cash could lead to more or better time in future, in the form of nicer holidays, or a more secure retirement. Which choice prioritizes time, and which money? It’s hard to say.
Thankfully, a new study throws a little light on the matter. The researchers surveyed more than 4,000 Americans to determine whether they valued time or money more, and how happy they were. A clear majority preferred money—but those who valued time were happier. Older people, married people and parents were more likely to value time, which makes sense: older people have less time left, while those with spouses and kids probably either value time with them, or feel they steal all their time. Or both.
The crucial finding here is that it’s not having more time that makes you happier, but valuing it more. Economists continue to argue about whether money buys happiness—but few doubt that being comfortably off is more pleasant than struggling to make ends meet. This study makes a different point: it implies that even if you’re scraping by (勉强维持), and thus forced to focus on money, you’ll be happier if deep down you know it’s time that’s most important.
It also contains ironic (讽刺的) good news for those of us who feel basically secure, financially, but horribly pushed for time. If you strongly wish you had more time, as I do, who could accuse you of not valuing it? At least my eagerness for more time shows that my priorities are in order, and maybe that means I’ll enjoy any spare time I do get. We talk about scarce time like it’s a bad thing. But scarcity is what makes us treat things as precious, too.
58. The example in Paragraph 2 suggests that ______.
A. money can be made at the expense of time
B. the time/money trade-off is a complicated issue
C. money is a tool for obtaining material well-being
D. circumstances force one to choose money over time
【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/sep/30/time-or-money-question-of-value-oliver-burkeman
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章第二段But it's also because the time/money trade off rarely presents itself in simple ways.可知，时间和金钱的权衡很少是以简单的方式出现的，也就是说两者之间的权衡是复杂的问题。举例也证明了“it’s hard to say”两者的抉择很难，故选B。
59. We can know from the findings of the study that ______.
A. valuing time more makes people happier
B. parents regret the time spent on their kids
C. people won’t value time until they’re rich
D. a comfortable life is superior to more time
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章第四段The crucial finding here is that it's not having more time that makes you happier, but valuing it more.可知，研究的关键发现是，让你更快乐的并不是拥有更多的时间，而是更珍惜时间才会更快乐。第四段最后一句也再次表明即使勉强度日，并被迫专注于金钱，但内心深处明白现在是最重要的时刻时，还是会感到快乐。故选A。
60. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?
A. What you should spend time on
B. What you should trade money for
C. Why you need to value money, not time
D. Why you need to count time, not money
【答案】D
【解析】首先，本文主要探讨的是时间和金钱选择的问题；其次，文章第一段就给出观点，时间是我们仅有的东西，并且是不能挽回的。接着文章通过研究调查来明确重视时间更让人感到快乐。因此本篇文章主要是提出论点，然后阐述原因的写作顺序，故选D。
C
The brain has a powerful ability to remember and connect events separated in time. And now, in that new study in mice published in Neuron, scientists at Columbia’s Zuckerman Institute have cast light on how the brain can form lasting links.
The hippocampus—a small, seahorse-shaped region buried deep in the brain—is an important headquarters for learning and memory. Previous experiments in mice showed that disruption (中断) to the hippocampus leaves the animals with trouble learning to associate two events separated by tens of seconds.
“The traditional view has been that cells in the hippocampus keep up a level of continuous activity to associate such events,” said Dr. Ahmed, co-first author of the study. “Turning these cells off would thus disrupt learning.”
To test this view, the researchers imaged parts of the hippocampus of mice as the animals were exposed to two different stimuli (刺激物): a neutral (神经的) sound followed by a small but unpleasant puff of air. A fifteen-second delay separated the two events. The scientists repeated this experiment across several trials. Over time, the mice learned to associate the sound with the soon-to-follow puff of air. Using advanced microscopy, they recorded the activity of thousands of neurons (神经元) , a type of brain cell, in the animals’ hippocampus over the course of each trial for many days.
“We expected to see continuous neural activity that lasted during the fifteen-second gap, an indication of the hippocampus at work linking the auditory sound and the air puff,” said computational neuroscientist Stefano Fusi, PhD. “But when we began to analyze the data, we saw no such activity.” Instead, the neural activity recorded during the fifteen-second time gap was sparse (稀少的). Only a small number of neurons worked, and they did so seemingly at random.
To understand activity, they had to shift the way they analyzed data and use tools designed to make sense of random processes. Finally, the researchers discovered a complex pattern in the randomness: a style of mental computing that seems to be a remarkably efficient way that neurons store information.
“We were happy to see that the brain doesn’t maintain ongoing activity over all these seconds because that’s not the most efficient way to store information,” said Dr. Ahmed. “The brain seems to have a more efficient way to build this bridge.”
In addition to helping to map the circuitry involved in associative learning, these findings also provide a starting point to more deeply explore disorders, such as panic and post-traumatic stress disorder.
61. What can we learn about the hippocampus?
A. It weakens with the memory decline.
B. It is a brain region crucial for memory.
C. It serves as a tool of learning languages.
D. It is involved in the visual area of the brain.
【题源】https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200508112903.htm
【答案】B
【解析】根据第二段...region buried deep in brain和...important headquarters for learning and memory可知，海马体是大脑中对记忆至关重要的区域。故选B。
62. According to the passage, the traditional view is that ______.
A. associations of events require continuous neural activity
B. animals have trouble learning to associate two events
C. neural activity can hardly be replaced by associations
D. a 15-second delay is enough to separate two events
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章第三段traditional view...cells in the hippocampus keep up a level of continuous activity to associate such events可知，传统观点认为，事件的关联需要连续的神经活动。故选A。
63. The new study in mice indicates that ______.
A. continuous activity happens as expected
B. no neurons stay active at intervals of 15 seconds
C. a complex pattern helps the brain learn associations
D. neuronal information is stored in well-designed tools
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章根据六researchers discovered a complex pattern in the randomness...efficient way that neurons store information可知，一个复杂的模式可以帮助大脑学习联想。故选C。
64. From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that the findings ______.
A. inspire deeper explorations of disorders
B. provide evidence for language learning
C. build a bridge between different parts of the brain
D. help map some aspects of a person’s experiences
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章第八段...provide a starting point to more deeply explore disorders可知，从最后两段，我们可以推断，这些发现启发了对紊乱的更深入的探索。故选A。
D
One in four children and young people could have problematic smart-phone use, according to research that also suggests such behaviour is associated with poorer mental health.
The amount of time children and teens spend using their devices has become an issue of growing concern, but experts say there is still little evidence as to whether spending time on screens is harmful in itself.
The experts behind the latest study said they wanted to look beyond the time young people were spending on smart-phones and instead explore the type of relationship they had with smart-phones.
The results suggest more than 23% of young people have an abnormal relationship with their smart-phones, and that this appears to be associated with poorer mental health—although the research cannot say whether phone use is driving such problems.
“It seems like only a minority of teenagers and young people from various different countries are self-reporting a pattern of behaviour that we recognise from other addictions,” said Dr Nicola Kalk of King’s College London, co-author of the study. “The quality of the evidence is poor, but it is enough to warrant (保证) further investigation.”
Writing in the journal BMC Psychiatry, the team reported how they looked at data from 41 studies involving a total of almost 42,000 participants across Europe, Asia and America, mainly in their teens or early 20s.
These studies used questionnaires to probe the prevalence (普遍) of problematic smart-phone use—behaviours such as being anxious when the device is not available or neglecting other activities to spend time on the smart-phone.
Taken together, the team said on average these studies suggested as many as one in four children and young people had problematic smart-phone use.
Among the studies that probed mental health, the results suggested people with problematic smart-phone use were also more likely to have depression—for which the odds (可能性) were more than three times worse—anxiety, feelings of stress and poor sleep as well as poorer educational attainment.
While the team said it was too soon to call problematic smart-phone usage an addiction, they noted that it appeared to be linked to similar patterns of behaviour and emotion.
Kalk said further studies were needed to explore if these behaviours were hard to break, or cause harm—other key features of an addiction.
The authors argued that the availability and pervasiveness of smart-phones in everyday life meant problematic use of the devices posed a different and much bigger public health problem than substances of abuse or internet gaming.
Kalk said the team were now looking at whether smart-phones were just delivering addictive content, or whether there was something inherently addictive about using such devices.
Dr Amy Orben, an expert in screen time at the University of Cambridge, raised concerns, noting that the definition of problematic internet use varied considerably across studies, and the measures used were questioned.
She said studies finding little signs of problematic internet use might have been overlooked, while the research could not say whether problematic smart-phone use caused poorer mental health.
Prof Russell Viner, President of Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that parents were navigating unchartered water when it came to technology.
“One of the most critical things for parents to consider is whether screen time is having a harmful impact on other activities like school, relationships or other interests. This study suggests that this is the case for a significant minority of children and young people,” he said.
Viner said in these cases parents should calmly install age-appropriate boundaries on smart-phone use, and ask questions about whether their children were experiencing other problems.
“While screen time is a new problem, part of the solution is tried and tested—open and regular conversations based on respect and trust,” he said.
65. Experts conducted the research to ______.
A. address the concern about adolescent behavior
B. prove spending time on screens is harmful in itself
C. calculate the time young people spent on smart-phones
D. explore young people’s relationship type with smart-phones
【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/nov/29/one-in-four-children-have-problematic-smartphone-use
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章第三段look beyond…instead explore the type of relationship...with smart-phones可知，专家进行这项研究是为了探索年轻人与智能手机的关系类型。故选D。
66. We can learn from the research that ______.
A. it involved a vast majority of participants across the globe
B. the participants were asked to report their online activities
C. researchers compared different behaviors of the participants
D. problematic smart-phone use is linked to poorer mental health
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章第一段problematic smart-phone use, according to research that also suggests such behaviour is associated with poorer mental health可知，我们可以从研究中得知，有问题的智能手机使用与较差的心理健康有关。故选D。
67. Which of the following might Kalk probably agree?
A. It is hard to break problematic smart-phone use.
B. Internet gaming is problematic smart-phone use.
C. Problematic smart-phone use is an addiction.
D. The research still has some limitations.
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章第五段the quality of the evidence is poor, but it is enough to warrant further investigation可知，该项研究仍然有一些局限。故选D。
68. What’s Dr Amy Orben’s attitude towards the research findings?
A. Supportive. B. Negative.
C. Sceptical. D. Unconcerned.
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章第十四段Orben,..., raised concerns, noting that the definition of problematic internet use..were questioned可知，Dr Amy Orben对研究结果表示怀疑。故选C。
69. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 16 mean?
A. Screen time is a new challenge to parents.
B. Technology is posing a threat to parents.
C. Parents are lost in the sea of technology.
D. Parents use technology to chart water.
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章第十七段...parents to consider is whether screen time可知，划线句意指家长监控孩子使用屏幕时间。故选A。
70. According to Viner, what should parents do to solve the problem?
A. Keep track of the screen time of children.
B. Strictly prohibit children from using devices.
C. Have a sincere communication with children.
D. Evaluate the impact of screen time on children.
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章第十七段parents to consider is whether screen time is having a harmful impact on other activities like school, relationships or other interests可知，家长需要衡量屏幕使用时长是否对孩子产生有害的作用。故选D。

第Ⅱ卷 (两部分 共35分)
第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Success Takes Focus
You can have a strong desire and really want to achieve your goal but as you’ve experienced, life has its way of knocking us off course. Things come up, and distractions occur.
Success takes a lot of focus. You’ve had the experience of setting a goal and being really excited about achieving it only to have a few weeks or months to go by and realize the goal has dropped down on your list of priorities.
People often get easily side tracked. This doesn’t just happen all at once. You get off track just little by little until one day, you realize you’re completely off track. Keeping your mind focused on your goal can be a constant battle because everything around you is trying to get your attention. It will be your job to keep your goal up high on your priorities list.
So what can you do to keep your focus? There are several things you can try. You can write down your goal and read it each morning and night. You can visualize achieving your goal daily.
One of my favorite methods of keeping focused on a goal is to constantly ask myself, “Is what I’m doing right now bringing me closer to my goal or further away?” Once you answer that question, you’ll know what to do. You can make sure that your daily to-do list includes doing something that will take you closer to your goal.
If you look back at the goals you’ve tried to achieve and realized you haven’t achieved any of your major goals, it may be time to just focus on a single goal. This way, all of your energy and focus can be put towards obtaining that one goal which will increase your chances of getting it. It’s a lot better to just achieve one major goal than to work on a dozen and achieve none of them.
Remember that you’re human and because of this, you’ll make some errors in judgment. Instead of beating yourself up, just be aware that certain things can take your focus away from your goals. Once you’re aware of these things, you can actively reduce the amount of time they take your focus off your goals.
Distractions are like gravity. It’s going to cause us all to fall every now and then. The important thing is that we bounce back up every time we fall. Get your focus back on your goal when you start to realize it’s drifting somewhere else.

Passage outline
Supporting details
A common phenomenon
Achieving your goal requires much (71) ▲ , but distractions are a barrier to your success.
The way it happens
Getting side tracked is a (72) ▲ process, and you have to battle against getting off track (73) ▲ .



(74) ▲ on solving the problem
◆You can (75) ▲ yourself of your goal by writing it
down, reading it every morning and imagining achieving it.
◆ Make sure what you do helps you get (76) ▲ to your goal.
◆ Focusing on a single goal makes you more (77) ▲ to achieve it.
◆ Don’t blame yourself, as it is (78) ▲ for humans to make wrong judgement.
◆ Accept the fact that distractions are (79) ▲ to happen and try to reduce the time of getting distracted.

Summary
Distractions can be compared to (80) ▲ causing us all to fall often, in which case we should bounce back to our goal timely.
【题源】https://www.motivationalwellbeing.com/success-takes-focus.html
71.【答案】focus/concentration
【解析】根据第二段Success takes a lot of focus.可知，成功需要投入很多的集中力，故填focus/concentration。
72.【答案】gradual
【解析】根据第三段...get off track just little by little...可知，离开常规的轨迹是日复一日的，也就是一个渐渐的过程，故填gradual。
73.【答案】constantly/continuously
【解析】根据文章第三段...can be a constant battle ...可知，防止自己的思维被分散注意力是一场持久战，故填constantly/continuously。
74.【答案】Advice/Tips/Suggestions
【解析】下文在说加强集中注意力的方法，也就是建议，根据题干中的on，故填Advice/Tips/Suggestions。
75.【答案】remind
【解析】根据文章第四段内容可知，将目标和行动写下来使它们可视化，这就是一种提醒自己的行为，故填remind。
76.【答案】closer
【解析】根据文章第五段...take you closer to your goal.可知，确保所做的事情让你离你的目标更接近，故填closer。
77.【答案】likely
【解析】根据文章第六段...which will increase your chances of getting it.可知，集中一个目标提升了成功的可能性，故填likely。
78.【答案】natural/common
【解析】根据第七段第一句可知，作为一个人做出错误的判断也是很自然正常的事，故填natural/common。
79.【答案】bound/sure/certain/guaranteed 
【解析】根据文章第七段...certain things can take your focus away from your goals可知，.人是一定会出现分心现象的，故填bound/sure/certain/guaranteed。
80.【答案】gravity
【解析】根据第八段Distractions are like gravity.可知，分心就如同重力，故填gravity。
第五部分 书面表达 (满分25分)
81. 阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
The ministry of Human Resources and Social Security released a list of 100 professions that have major demand. Vacancies for sales positions, cashiers, restaurant waiters and security guards topped the list, followed by manufacturing professionals, including lathe (车床) operators, welders (电焊工) and porters, according to the ministry.
“Usually, we believe that sectors closely related to high technology face the toughest situation,” said Yin Baoming, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security. “But it’s the same with low-killed jobs. They are also key.”
Lin Qing, a 23-year-old from Jiangsu province, who worked as a receptionist for a cybercafe in Beijing, quit last year and is now studying for the test to get into a vocational college.
“I felt hopeless after working for the cybercafe for almost three years,” she said. “I worked for restaurants and cafes, but none of these jobs brought me any respect or sense of dignity. I want to learn some skills through training courses. I don’t want to live a life of hard physical work anymore.”








【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要分析低技能工人短缺的原因；
3. 根据你的分析，谈谈解决低技能工人短缺的途径和方法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【题源】http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201912/08/WS5dece251a310cf3e3557ca5b.html
【官方范文】
There’s a serious shortage of labor for low-skilled positions. When it comes to their career interest tendency, the vast majority of students choose professions like an engineer over the job as a worker.
The following reasons can account for this phenomenon. Firstly, some parents are reluctant to let their children take jobs that require physical strength but low skills. Secondly, the younger generation themselves show unwillingness to work at such positions, which are often in poor conditions with low salaries. Thirdly, the low prestige that comes with such jobs also discourages job-seekers.
Therefore, it’s important to improve working environments and salaries to attract more workers. Besides, both the government and companies should make efforts to promote skills training, which will help ease the problem. Most importantly, everyone should keep in mind that no matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and deserves our due respect.