必刷卷05-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（上海专用，含听力MP3）

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绝密★启用前
2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷05
上海地区专用


上海地区2022年高考英语题型为听力+笔试，题型分为四部分：听力理解（10个短对话+2篇小短文+1篇长对话）、语法词汇、阅读理解（1完型填空+3篇阅读+1篇六选四）、写作（1篇概要写作+4个翻译+1篇书面表达）。阅读理解题型，又可划分为细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题、猜词题型五大类。也可根据文章体裁分为应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文和科技文等。
六选四类型题，根据高考《考试说明》，被表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。考生需要在语篇中把握文章发展脉络，理解作者内在的写作目的和情感态度。掌握文章大意，并积极获取信息，借助上下文的逻辑关系，对空格句做出正确的判断，将正确的选项填回原文。必须具备一定的策略与方法，做到外在句式一致，内在语义逻辑一致，同时敏锐得发掘语篇内部衔接线索，才能做好此题。

2022年上海地区的阅读理解选材围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题进行设题，涵盖旅游、人物故事、环保、经济、文学、科技、社会文化现象以及心理学等内容。2022年的整卷选题大概率在往年选材的基础上，围绕社会发展、务实事务、国家最新动态信息、热点话题等方面进行出题。


I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to thequestion you have heard.
1．
A．A bank officer. B．A policeman.
C．A lawyer. D．A delivery man.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: A package for Mr. Wrench from a Mr. Sandoval. Is he at home, Ma’am?
W: Sorry, he is not home. But I’m his wife, Jane Wrench. Can I accept it for him?
Q: What is the man?
2．
A．Unpleasant atmosphere. B．Terrible food.
C．Slow service. D．Unacceptable price.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: What a disappointment! I was told this restaurant was good. But the service was quite unacceptable.
M: Yeah, it is very slow. It seems a waiter is responsible for too many tables.
Q: What is the woman complaining about?
3．
A．Cloudy. B．Clear.
C．Rainy. D．Overcast.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: The rain has stopped. You should see the sky this evening. There was a huge rainbow.
W: I didn’t even know it was raining. There were no clouds in the sky before I fell asleep this afternoon.
Q: How was the weather before the woman slept?
4．
A．Work in groups. B．Give presentations.
C．Turn in their homework. D．Check their answers.
【答案】A
【原文】
M: Miss Green, this homework seems very difficult. Can you give us some help with the answer?
W: No, but I will allow you to work in groups this time, then one person from each group will present the answer to the class.
Q: What will the class do first?
5．
A．Depressed. B．Uncertain.
C．Sad. D．Relived.
【答案】D
【原文】
W: Today is the last day of my exams. Relief isn’t a strong enough word for how I feel.
M: Sadly, I have two more exams to go.
Q: How does the woman feel?
6．
A．Make a medical appointment. B．Give the man a ride.
C．Buy the man some medicine. D．Take the man to the hospital.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: I feel like I am coming down with a cold. I should probably take some medicine to make myself feel better.
W: Do you want me to drive you to the drugstore?
Q: What does the woman offer to do for the man?
7．
A．To participate in a skiing race. B．To apply fora new job.
C．To begin a new career. D．To sell the house in Italy.
【答案】C
【原文】
M: After the holiday, I’m going to sell the house and move to Italy. I’ll start a new business there. The idea came to me when I went skiing.
W: Well, that’s a surprise. And it’s a big step you’re taking.
Q: What is the man’s plan after the holiday?
8．
A．He'll accept the job. B．He is busy on Sunday.
C．He will not work on Sunday. D．He will turn down the offer.
【答案】A
【原文】
W: This job is for three days: Monday, Friday and Sunday.
M: Well, I was hoping to keep Sunday free. Anyway, I can change myself a bit.
Q: What does the man imply?
9．
A．Differences in customs. B．Differences in pronunciations.
C．Differences in words. D．Differences in accents.
【答案】C
【原文】
M: It’s funny that when you say “fall”, it refers to what we call “autumn”. You guys are strange.
W: Well, we say the exact same thing about you.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
10．
A．He knows very little about John. B．John doesn't deserve the promotion.
C．John should earn more money. D．He doesn't care for the news.
【答案】D
【原文】
W: Have you heard the news that John has been promoted and his salary has been doubled?
M: So what? Couldn’t care less!
Q: What does the man mean?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
11．
A．Because they track human activities through the agency of sound.
B．Because sound helps them locate food and avoid danger.
C．Because they use sound to stay away from offshore construction.
D．Because they take advantage of sound to find living creatures.
12．
A．Noise pollution. B．Plastics. C．Overfishing. D．Light pollution.
13．
A．Humans are making oceans too noisy.
B．Masking is a helpful to the existence of marine animals.
C．Sound travels very far underwater.
D．Noise from humans threatens marine animals.
【答案】11．B
12．D
13．D
【原文】
Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth's oceans and seas.
Scientists say the changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many marine animals -- from very small shrimp to huge whales.
Sound travels very far underwater. For fish, sound is probably a better way to sense their environment than light. Sounds help fish and other marine animals survive. They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters.
However, increased noise from humans is making it harder for these animals to hear each other. The noise is coming from shipping traffic, motorized fishing ships, underwater oil and gas exploration, offshore construction, and other noisy human activities.
For many marine species, their attempts to communicate are being masked by sounds that humans have introduced. Masking happens when one or more noises in the water block sound important to a marine animal’s existence.
When people think of threats facing the ocean, we often think of climate change, plastics, and overfishing. But noise pollution is another essential thing we need to be monitoring.
Questions:
11. Why is sound important for ocean animals?)
12. According to the passage, which is not a challenge facing the oceans?
13. What is the passage mainly about?
听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
14．
A．The rewards of taking care of living things.
B．The chances to develop new farming technologies.
C．The opportunities to have another source of income.
D．The experience of a harsh and unsettling winter.
15．
A．Mushrooms. B．Windows. C．Tomatoes. D．Growing lights.
16．
A．Because some of its employees came down with Covid-19.
B．Because planting on social medial has gone viral.
C．Because the growing demands for seeds couldn’t be satisfied.
D．Because the rise of indoor gardening had driven up operational costs.
【答案】14．A
15．D
16．C
【原文】
Last year, many people across the world looked to their gardens to find enjoyment and peace during the coronavirus outbreak.
Gardens were established in communities and homes with vegetables, flowers and many other different kinds of plants. Millions of people found happiness, release and a sense of safety with their hands in the dirt.
Houseplants are hot now and social media is full of plant photos. Here is a look at some possible ways to enjoy gardening indoors.
New technologies make it easier to grow plants anywhere indoors, with or without soil. The plants offer not only beauty, but the rewards of caring for living things and seeing them grow.
Indoor vegetable gardening, too, has become especially popular both as a food source and as a family activity. For example, small, contained gardens can be bought and placed next to the window. Mushrooms can be grown in a cardboard box or tomatoes can easily be grown in a bottle.
A rise in indoor gardening has driven up sales for greenhouses, growing lights and seeds. One seed company in the northeastern state of Maine, Johnny’s Selected Seeds, recently suspended orders from home gardeners temporarily. It said that the large number of orders it was receiving could not be effectively filled.
The garden can be a metaphor for peace, safety, success and calm. Not a bad place for the mind’s eye to rest, especially in this most unsettling of winters.
Questions:
14. What else do plants offer besides beauty?
15. Which product tends to sell better due to the rise in indoor gardening?
16. Why did the seed company suspend orders from home gardeners?
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
17．
A．He is responsible for organizing a class meeting.
B．He needs to complete an annual report by the weekend.
C．He is under pressure to hand in a travel plan.
D．He is in charge of planning the class trip.
18．
A．The cost of the trip is too high.
B．The journey is too tiring.
C．His classmates are physically unfit to go there.
D．His classmates are reluctant to go that far.
19．
A．It is a bit tough to get to. B．It has small tents for rent.
C．It offers seasonal discount. D．Its natural scenery is beautiful.
20．
A．Relaxed. B．Puzzled. C．Excited. D．Worried.
【答案】17．D
18．A
19．D
20．C
【原文】
W: Hi, Jason, you look busy this morning. What are you up to?
M: Oh, Emily, you didn't hear? I’m responsible for planning the class’ annual trip.
W: That’s cool. Where are we going this year?
M: I don’t know. I’m under pressure to get everything sorted fast, though. I'm not sure I can handle the task.
W: Don’t worry. I can help you come up with ideas.
M: Really? You don’t mind? I need to prepare a plan by the end of the week.
W: What about a trip to the east coast? The beaches are really nice.
M: That’s out of the question. We don’t have sufficient funds to go that far.
W: Well, how about we arrange a group trip to the mountains?
M: Hmm, that could be fun. Let’s look for a few good spots and then compare notes.
W: I’ve found some great campsites, but they might be a bit tough to get to.
M: Some people aren’t in the best shape and I don’t think everyone wants to stay in a tent.
W: Yeah. That’s reasonable. I know a nice mountain resort with some small cabins for rent.
M: That looks nice. That way, we could still arrange a campfire, and people will have warm beds to sleep in.
W: Also, there are some nice tracks and waterfalls near the cabins.
M: These photos look really nice. Do you think the budget will cover it?
W: I checked prices, and it’s about the same as the hotel we booked last year. Plus, I saw a note about group discounts on the website.
M: That's great. I’ll give them a call right away to see what I can organize.
W: I haven’t been to the mountains in quite a while. I'm looking forward to the trip.
M: Me too.
Questions:
17. What makes Jason so worried?
18. Why doesn’t Jason think the trip to the east coast a good idea?
19. What can be learned about the mountain resort?
20. How does Emily feel about the trip to the mountain resort?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Buy a Cup of Coffee for a Stranger
Coffee has developed rapidly and soon become an essential friend and companion for many people.
____21____ you first meet her, you'll   drink it for a while, feeling refreshed. Slowly, the deeper you go, the more you'll become addicted to it, attracted by her unique smell. You can't help but ____22____ (follow) her, and you always think coffee has a story.
Coffee can be traced back to about the 10th century AD．It was ____23____ the 16th century that coffee was introduced to Europe. The way that coffee is grown and made has been refined by the Arabs, and modern coffee is all beverages (饮料).
How about buying a cup of coffee for someone you'll never meet? It may sound like the latest trend in the coffee culture, but a suspended coffee is ____24____ (heartwarming) than a popular latte. The tradition born in a cafe in the southern Italian city of Naples is to buy a cup or two of coffee in advance for ____25____ who need it later in the day. A customer-in-need can then later ask if there is a suspended coffee available and have a hot drink ____26____ having to pay for it.
It may be hard to imagine that this idea has become an internet fashion, with countless coffee shops in Europe and North America ____27____ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28, 000 “likes". The tradition of suspended coffee is a long-standing one in Italy____28____ increased in popularity after the Second World War. Agence France-Presse reported last week the practice was starting to be popular in other European countries ____29____ (hit) hard economically. More than 150 cafes in Bulgaria were taking part. At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they _____30_____ (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger.
【答案】21．When/If
22．follow
23．not until
24．more heartwarming
25．those
26．without
27．participating
28．that/which
29．hit
30．are supplied/will be supplied
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了起源于意大利那不勒斯的“待用咖啡”的暖心故事。
21．
考查状语从句。句意：当/如果你第一次遇见她，你会喝一会儿，感觉神清气爽。结合句意可知，此处可用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，也可用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。首字母需大写。故填When/If。
22．
考查固定短语。句意：你只好跟着她，你总是想着咖啡有故事。can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事，只好做某事，是固定用法。故填follow。
23．
考查until的强调句型。句意：直到16世纪咖啡才被引进欧洲。分析句子可知，此处是not…until的强调句型，强调until引导的时间状语从句，否定词not需提前，结构为It was/is+not until+从句+that+其他。故填not until。
24．
考查形容词比较级。句意：这听起来像是咖啡文化的最新趋势，但待用咖啡比受欢迎的拿铁咖啡更暖心。根据空后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式，故填more heartwarming。
25．
考查代词。句意：这一传统起源于意大利南部城市那不勒斯的一家咖啡馆，人们会提前买一两杯咖啡，为当天晚些时候需要的人准备。分析句子可知，空后“who need it later in the day”是一个定语从句，修饰所填词，指“当天晚些时候需要的人”，代词those符合题意。故填those。
26．
考查介词。句意：之后，有需要的顾客可以询问是否有待用咖啡，并免费喝上一杯热饮。结合上文“buy a cup or two of coffee in advance”可知，待用咖啡已经被提前支付，所以喝待用咖啡的人不用付钱，介词without符合题意。故填without。
27．
考查非谓语动词。句意：也许很难想象这个想法会成为一种网络时尚，欧洲和北美的无数咖啡店都参与了这一运动。此处是with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，动词participate和宾语coffee shops之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填participating。
28．
考查定语从句。句意：待用咖啡的传统在意大利由来已久，在第二次世界大战后越来越流行。分析句子可知，空处引导一个限定性定语从句，先行词是The tradition，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导，故填that或which。
29．
考查非谓语动词。句意：法新社上周报道，这种做法开始在其他经济遭受重创的欧洲国家流行起来。分析句子可知，空处应填非谓语动词，hit和逻辑主语countries之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填hit。
30．
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里，顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他们会被提供一杯饮料，这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语they指代customers，和谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语是复数人称代词，故填are supplied或will be supplied。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．housing        B．leisurely        C．sought        D．reference        E. primarily     F. leg
G. winding        H. wildly        I. pioneered        J. major        K. highlight
18th Century Grand Tour of EuropeThe Grand Tour began in the 16th century and gained popularity during the 17 th century. Privileged（有特权的）young European graduates ____31____ a trend where they traveled across the continent in search of art and cultural experiences upon their graduation. This practice, which grew to be ____32____ popular, became known as the Grand Tour. Specialty guidebooks, tour guides, and other aspects of the tourist industry were developed during this time to meet the needs of wealthy 20-something male and female travelers as they explored the European continent.
These young, classically - educated Tourists were rich enough to fund multiple years abroad for themselves and they took full advantage of this. They carried letters of ____33____ and introduction with them as they departed from southern England to communicate with and learn from people they met in other countries. Some Tourists ____34____ to continue their education and broaden their horizons while abroad, some were just after fun and ____35____ travels, but most desired a combination of both.
A typical journey through Europe was long and ____36____ with many stops along the way. London was commonly used as a starting point and the Tour was usually kicked off with a difficult trip across the English Channel. Crossing the wide channel was and is not easy. 17th – and - 18th - century Tourists risked sea-sickness, illness, and even shipwreck on this first ____37____ of travel.
Grand Tourists were ____38____ interested in visiting cities that were considered centers of culture at the time, so Paris, Rome, and Venice were not to be missed. The average Grand Tourist traveled from city to city, usually spending weeks in smaller cities and months in the three ____39____ ones.
The vast majority of Tourists took part in similar activities during their exploration with art at the center of it all. Once a Tourist arrived at a destination, he would look for ____40____ and settle in for anywhere from weeks to months, even years. Though certainly not an overly trying experience for most, the Grand Tour presented a unique set of challenges for travelers to overcome.
【答案】31．I
32．H
33．D
34．C
35．B
36．G
37．F
38．E
39．J
40．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是18世纪欧洲之旅。
31．
考查动词和时态。句意：享有特权的欧洲年轻毕业生开创了一种趋势，他们在毕业时走遍欧洲大陆，寻找艺术和文化体验。由“a trend where they traveled across the continent”可知，欧洲年轻毕业生开创了一种趋势，空格处是“开创”，通篇是一般过去时，因此空格处是过去式pioneered，故选I。
32．
考查副词。句意：这种做法非常受欢迎，后来被称为“大旅行”。空格处用副词修饰形容词，由后面的“became known as the Grand Tour”可知，这种做法非常受欢迎，空格处意为“极其，非常”，是wildly，故选H。
33．
考查名词。句意：他们带着推荐信和介绍信离开英格兰南部，与他们在其他国家遇到的人交流和学习。由“letters of”可知，空格处用名词，由“and introduction”可知，他们带着的是推荐信和介绍信，letter of reference意为“推荐信”，因此空格处是reference，故选D。
34．
考查动词和时态。句意：一些游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野，一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行，但大多数人希望两者的结合。由“to continue their education and broaden their horizons while abroad”可知，句子表示“游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野”，空格处意为“寻求”，是seek，通篇时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式sought，故选C。
35．
考查形容词。句意：一些游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野，一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行，但大多数人希望两者的结合。空格处用形容词修饰名词travels，由前面的“just after fun”可知，句子表示“一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行”，因此空格处意为“悠闲的”，是形容词leisurely，故选B。
36．
考查形容词。句意：典型的欧洲之旅漫长而曲折，沿途要停靠许多站。空格处用形容词作表语，由后面的“many stops along the way”可知，句子表示“典型的欧洲之旅漫长而曲折，沿途要停靠许多站”，空格处意为“蜿蜒曲折的”，是winding，故选G。
37．
考查名词。句意：在17和18世纪，游客们冒着晕船、生病甚至海难的危险踏上了这段旅程的第一站。first后跟名词的单数，由后面的“of travel”可知，句子表示“踏上了这段旅程的第一站”，空格处意为“（旅程或赛程的）一段，一程”，是leg，故选F。
38．
考查副词。句意：大游客们主要对参观当时被认为是文化中心的城市感兴趣，所以巴黎、罗马和威尼斯是不容错过的。空格处用副词修饰形容词interested，由“interested in visiting cities that were considered centers of culture at the time”可知，大游客们主要对参观当时被认为是文化中心的城市感兴趣，空格处意为“主要地”，是副词primarily，故选E。
39．
考查形容词。句意：一般的“大游客”会从一个城市到另一个城市旅行，通常会在小城市待上几周，在三大城市待上几个月。空格处用形容词修饰代词ones，由上文的“so Paris, Rome, and Venice were not to be missed”可知，游客在三大城市待上几个月，空格处是“大的”，是major，故选J。
40．
考查名词。句意：一旦游客到达一个目的地，他会寻找住房，并在任何地方安顿下来，从几周到几个月，甚至几年。空格处用名词作宾语，由后面的“settle in for anywhere”可知，游客是寻找住房，空格处是“住房”，是名词housing，故选A。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray.
A study by Arizona State University found that ____41____a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures. Meanwhile, sunrise temperatures ____42____an average 2.4-degree drop.
“This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “It’s exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are____43____rising.”
Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That____44____energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a____45____of urban heat island effect.
Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature____46____was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground. Even so, the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with____47____roads.
But reflective pavements don’t affect all surfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body____48____heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat____49____at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” It’s been noted that the increase in_____50_____ temperatures “may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface.”
Heather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been _____51_____from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but generally the response has been very_____52_____”.
Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect.
“If you’re standing over these surfaces on a hot day,_____53_____, you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “So if we really want to _____54_____true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”
A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different_____55_____, including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.
41．A．applying B．sticking C．approaching D．contributing
42．A．occurred B．proved C．turned D．saw
43．A．efficiently B．constantly C．technically D．specifically
44．A．generated B．heated C．absorbed D．calculated
45．A．cycle B．decline C．sample D．variety
46．A．balance B．control C．difference D．equality
47．A．gray-painted B．light-colored C．black-topped D．dry-surfaced
48．A．reflects B．transmits C．resists D．experiences
49．A．extent B．exposure C．absorption D．endurance
50．A．felt B．heated C．stored D．needed
51．A．instant B．all-sided C．objective D．mixed
52．A．optimistic B．positive C．pessimistic D．obvious
53．A．in fact B．as a result C．on the other hand D．for one thing
54．A．put down B．hold up C．push toward D．take back
55．A．variations B．conditions C．circulations D．investigations
【答案】41．A
42．D
43．B
44．C
45．A
46．C
47．C
48．D
49．B
50．A
51．D
52．B
53．A
54．C
55．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，一个简单的方法可以缓解因道路被晒伤而加剧的城市热岛效应——把街道涂成灰色。
41．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现，在黑色沥青上涂上一种反光的灰色材料，会导致平均路面温度下降10.5到12华氏度。   A. applying涂，应用，申请；B. sticking刺入，粘住；C. approaching接近；D. contributing捐献。固定搭配：apply…to“把……涂到……上”。故选A。
42．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，日出时的温度平均下降了2.4度。A. occurred发生；B. proved证明；C. turned使变成；D. saw目睹，看见。此处指“目睹”了温度的下降。故选D。
43．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个气温不断上升的世界里，看到一项有潜力满足日益增长的沙漠城市的需求的技术是令人兴奋的。A. efficiently高效地；B. constantly持续不断地；C. technically 技术上；D. specifically专门地。根据下文“Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day.”可知，此处指温度“持续不断地”上升。故选B。
44．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：被吸收的能量会在铺好的地面上停留数小时，将热量辐射回夜间的空气中。A. generated产生，引发；B. heated加热；C. absorbed吸收；D. calculated计算，估计。根据下文“remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air”，可知此处指“被吸收的”能量。故选C。
45．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜间较高的温度会导致早晨更温暖，从而形成城市热岛效应的循环。A. cycle循环；B. decline减少，衰退；C. sample样品；D. variety种类。根据上文“Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings”，可知，形成城市热岛效应的“循环”。故选A。
46．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还发现，最大的温差发生在靠近路面的地方，距离地面6英尺的地方温差较小。A. balance平衡；B. control控制；C. difference区分，不同；D. equality平等。根据下文“near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground.”可知，此处指最大“温差”。故选C。
47．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，那些街道反光的社区的空气温度要比那些街道是黑漆漆的社区低0.3至0.5度。A. gray-painted灰漆；B. light-colored 颜色浅的；C.   black-topped漆黑的；D. dry-surfaced表面干的。根据空前“the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods”，可知此处是与黑漆漆社区温度的比较，也就是指黑色吸热。故选C。
48．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，“最有意义的测量”是辐射温度，这是一种测量人体如何感受到热量的方法。A. reflects反射；B. transmits播送；C. resists抵制；D. experiences体验。根据下文“human experience of heat”，可知，此处指人体感受热量的方法。故选D。
49．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些测量结果表明，“由于地表反射率，人类在中午和下午几个小时暴露在高温下的体验更高。”A. extent 程度，范围；B. exposure暴露，接触；C. absorption吸收，吸纳；D. endurance持久力。根据下文“at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity”，可知，此处指“暴露”在高温下的体验。故选B。
50．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人指出，感觉温度的增加“可能是使用反射表面来降低表面温度的一种必要的权衡。A. felt感觉；B. heated 加热；C. stored储存；D.   needed需要。根据下文“may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface”可知，此处指对温度增加的“感觉”。故选A。
51．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交通部发言人希瑟·墨菲(Heather Murphy)说，使用这种材料的社区的司机和居民对此反应不一。A. instant立刻的；B. all-sided全面的；C. objective客观的；D. mixed复杂的，混合的。根据下文“from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied”，可知，此处指司机和居民对此反应“不一”。故选D。
52．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有一些人不喜欢它的外观，但总的来说反应是非常积极的。A. optimistic乐观的；B. positive积极的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. obvious明显的。根据上文的“We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but…”，可知，句中的but表示转折，说明反应是“积极的”。故选B。
53．
考查短语辨析。句意：如果你在炎热的天气站在这些表面上，事实上，如果你不在阴凉处，你仍然会觉得热。A. in fact事实上；B. as a result结果；C. on the other hand另一方面；D. for one thing首先，一方面。根据空后“you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,”可知，此处指的是“事实”。故选A。
54．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以如果我们真的想要推动真正的解决方案，它不会只是把所有的街道涂成灰色。A. put down放下，记下；B. hold up 举起，阻挡；C. push toward推进；D. take back收回。根据下文“true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”可知，此处指“推进”解决方案。故选C。
55．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究的第二阶段将考察材料在不同条件下的性能，包括反射率、降解和地下温度在较长时间内的变化。A. variations变奏曲；B. conditions条件，状况；C. circulations流通，循环；D. investigations调查。根据下文“including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.”可知，此处指在不同的“条件下”。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The employees at Helwig Carbon Products in Milwaukee have their own company cafeteria on a site, a rarity it seems more and more these days. But if anyone wants to eat a doughnut (甜甜圈), it’s going to cost twice as much as what they might pay for the sweet at the local grocery store. That’s because Helwig Carbon Products has a wellness program, and it is one of many local companies trying to show employees how to eat healthier.
“We’re really trying to persuade people to eat healthier,” said Cheryl Brah, human resources director at Helwig Carbon Products. “A piece of fruit is 25 cents; a doughnut is $1.50 — and we still have people who buy doughnuts. People complain — but we really try to put our efforts toward the middle-of-the-line people who might lean more toward the wellness side, eventually.”
This effort isn’t just happening at Helwig Carbon. There has been a city-wide movement of 44 local companies who added or evolved their health and wellness programs to their company culture, and because of it Milwaukee is now nationally recognized for a large number of businesses with wellness programs.
It all started several years ago, when a program called Well City Milwaukee teamed up with 44 local businesses that collectively represent a workforce of 130,000 employees. Well City Milwaukee provided healthy practices guidelines for businesses. In exchange, it surveyed the employees to find out what their health needs and risks were and what activities they found interesting. Well City then set a very high bar for companies to meet a lot of expectations to be considered a top wellness program.
Companies needed a commitment from the CEO; to form a wellness team; to collect information from the employees in surveys and health assessments; to come up with an operating plan; to create a supportive environment; to self-evaluate their efforts; and finally, to choose their best approaches. That meant coming up with activities, better nutrition education, and motivational programs like getting people to quit smoking, getting people in for medical self-care and working on stress management.
56．What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Company cafeterias are rarer and rarer these days.
B．A healthy diet is especially important to people’s health.
C．Company culture is gaining priority in a company’s development.
D．Companies are trying to help their employees think about their health.
57．The company cafeteria charges much more for doughnuts in order to ________.
A．drive employees to the local grocery store
B．show the rich ingredients of the doughnuts
C．profit more from the wellness program
D．discourage the purchase of unhealthy food
58．“The middle-of-the-line people” in Paragraph 2 refer to those who ________.
A．are neutral about what to eat
B．are used to cutting in line when buying food
C．are addicted to sweet food
D．are middle-aged and have health problems
59．According to Well City Milwaukee’s requirements, a top wellness program of a company should ________.
A．motivate its employees to cooperate with each other
B．diagnose and treat its employees’ diseases effectively
C．initiate related activities based on their employees’ needs
D．prohibit its CEO from putting any pressure on its employees
【答案】56．D
57．D
58．A
59．C
【分析】
密尔沃基市海尔威格碳制品公司现在有大量拥有健康项目，它是许多试图向员工展示如何吃得更健康的当地公司之一，得到了全国的认可。44家当地公司在全市范围内开展了一项运动，他们在公司文化中加入或发展了健康和健康项目，公司正试图帮助他们的员工考虑他们的健康。
56．
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“to form a wellness team; to collect information from the employees in surveys and health assessments; to come up with an operating plan; to create a supportive environment; to self-evaluate their efforts; and finally, to choose their best approaches.（组建健康团队;在调查和健康评估中收集员工的信息;想出一个操作计划;创造一个支持性的环境;自我评价自己的努力;最后，选择他们最好的方法。）”结合上文可知，本文主要是介绍了公司正努力帮助员工考虑他们的健康问题，所以D选项“Companies are trying to help their employees think about their health.（公司正试图帮助他们的员工考虑他们的健康。）为本文主要大意。故选D项。
57．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“People complain — but we really try to put our efforts toward the middle-of-the-line people who might lean more toward the wellness side, eventually.（人们会抱怨，但我们真的试图把我们的努力放在对吃什么持中立态度的人身上，他们最终可能更倾向于健康的一方。）”可以推知，提高甜甜圈的定价，是为了让人们不去买不健康的食物，从而购买健康食品，D选项“discourage the purchase of unhealthy food（不鼓励购买不健康食品）”为正确意图。故选D项。
58．
词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句该词后面的定语从句“who might lean more toward the wellness side, eventually.（他们最终可能更倾向于健康的一方）”可知，划线词是指面临选择的人，可选健康也可选不健康食物的中立态度者，所以A选项“are neutral about what to eat（对吃什么持中立态度）”为相近意思。故选A项。
59．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句“Well City Milwaukee provided healthy practices guidelines for businesses. In exchange, it surveyed the employees to find out what their health needs and risks were and what activities they found interesting. Well City then set a very high bar for companies to meet a lot of expectations to be considered a top wellness program.（密尔沃基市为企业提供了健康的做法指导。作为交换，它调查了员工，了解他们的健康需求和风险，以及他们感兴趣的活动。嗯，Well City为公司设定了很高的标准，以满足很多人的期望，从而被认为是一个顶级的健康项目。）”可知，C选项“initiate related activities based on their employees’ needs（根据员工的需要发起相关的活动）”为顶级的健康项目标准。故选C项。
(B)
Historic Royal Palace -Tower of London
On the banks of London’s River Thames is an infamous castle. On your visit you will discover surprising stories of kings, queens and criminal plots.The Tower of London is a 1,000-year-old castle that protects the Crown Jewels. Kings and queens demonstrated their power from here, shaping society and influencing our country.
See wonderful displays of arms, which were made and stored in this secure tower. Step into the luxurious palace of kings and queens in history, designed as a place to live and rule.
Explore the spaces where famous prisoners were kept and discover the drawings they left behind 500 years ago.
Book online at a discount at hrp.org.uk/tower.



A secure castleBe amazed by the Crown Jewels, the nation’s treasures stored within these heavily defended walls. These priceless symbols of royalty are still used by kings and queens today for state occasions.
A royal palace
Meet the Yeoman Warders, popularly called ‘Beefeaters’. They live here and have guarded the Tower for hundreds of years. Join them for a free guided tour of the Tower, starting every 30 minutes.
An infamous prison
Find the places where people were imprisoned awaiting trial or punishment. Discover where kings, queens and religious criminals were locked away, and where three English queens were killed.
Gift shopsOur fantastic shops sell a wide range of wonderful books, gifts and souvenirs so you can remember your day.
Great food
Enjoy a tasty home-cooked meal at the New Armouries Cafe inside the Tower, or street food and a drink on the wharf outside the Tower’s entrance. Drink a tea or coffee inside at the Raven’s Kiosk and buy a cold drink or ice cream at the Jewel Kiosk. Eat in style at the Perkin Reveller overlooking the river.
Audio guides
Discover the Tower with an audio guide and experience five expert tours.
Opening timesOpen daily (except 24 – 26 Dec and 1 Jan)
1 Nov – 28 Feb
Tue – Sat 09:00 – 16:30
Sun – Mon 10:00 – 16:30 (Last admission –16:00)
1 Mar – 31 Oct
Tue – Sat 09:00 – 17:30
Sun – Mon 10:00 – 17:30 (Last admission –17:00)
Allow at least 2 – 3 hours for your visit.
How to get here
Tower of London, London, EC3N 4AB
Underground: Tower Hill
DLR: Tower Gateway
Train: Fenchurch Street and London Bridge
Bus: 15, 42, 78, 100 and RV1
Riverboat: Tower Pier
Sightseeing buses: included in all major tours

60．The Tower of London played several roles in history EXCEPT __________.A．a safe castle. B．an arms storage.
C．an infamous jail. D．a military base.
61．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Visitors should get off at Tower Hill if they take a train to the Tower.
B．Tourists can enjoy delicious home-cooked meal inside the Tower.
C．Visitors are allowed to enter the Tower at 16:30 on Dec 26.
D．Tourists are unlikely to appreciate royal treasures in the Tower.
62．According to the passage, visitors to the Tower of London can __________.
A．no longer see the king using the Crown Jewels.
B．book tickets to save money on the official website.
C．apply for the permission of extending visiting hours.
D．pay to better enjoy the tour with the Yeoman Warders.
【答案】60．D
61．B
62．B
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦塔的参观事项，伦敦塔在历史上的作用、参观特色以及时间安排等信息。
60．
细节理解题。根据文章中“See wonderful displays of arms, which were made and stored in this secure tower.(看看这些陈列在这个安全塔里的武器)”以及小标题“A secure castle； An infamous prison(一个安全的城堡；一个臭名昭著的监狱)”可知，伦敦塔在历史上扮演了安全的城堡、武器仓库和臭名昭著的监狱等角色，除了D选项“军事基地”。故选D。
61．
细节理解题。根据Great food部分中“Enjoy a tasty home-cooked meal at the New Armouries Cafe inside the Tower, or street food and a drink on the wharf outside the Tower’s entrance.(在塔内新开的New Armouries咖啡馆享受一顿美味的家常菜，或者在塔入口外的码头上品尝街头小吃和饮料)”可知，B选项“游客可以在塔内享受美味的家常菜”正确。故选B。
62．
细节理解题。根据文中“Book online at a discount at hrp.org.uk/tower.(在hrp.org.uk/tower打折在线预订)”可知，去伦敦塔的游客为了省钱，可以在官方网站上订票。故选B。
(C)
The two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered as a milestone for the company – and the entertainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his company’s latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming, news games and even a credit card.
Apple’s 900 million iPhones worldwide grant it access to a massive potential audience. Analysts speculate that Apple will eventually offer them something similar to Amazon Prime, where customers pay a fixed monthly fee for some combination of news, games, cloud storage, music and video, and which could possibly connect with the company’s iPhone subscriptions.
Apple TV+, which got prioritized by Mr. Cook, will offer original programming in more than 100 countries. The money Apple plans to spend on original shows – perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far – is dwarfed by that of Netflix, which will spend as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content, or Disney, whose own video-streaming is expected shortly. But Apple’s high-profile shows are for now meant chiefly to draw customers to its universe of apps and services. That includes subscription services for games, a long list of big American magazines and a few newspapers. You can pay for it all using your new Apple Card, developed with bankers at Goldman Sachs. The credit card puts Apple in direct competition with banks: it has no fees and will give users 2% cash back on purchases made via Apple Pay, the company’s payments system – or 3% on purchases of Apple kit and service.
Although Apple continues to earn most of its money from devices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors, should accelerate that trend. Its new partners hope to be along for the ride. Analysts at Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its services.
Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apple’s advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take part in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.
63．The underlined word dwarfed in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A．made to appear insignificant B．reduced to a great extent
C．limited to a fixed scale D．grown to its full potential
64．We can infer from the article that ________.
A．Apple invested heavily in its entertainment services along with its latest devices
B．Apple Card may be favoured because it offers discounts on purchases of Apple products
C．The popularity of Apple devices may bring forth huge profit potentials in its new service
D．Apple’s new move is seen as an opportunity as well as a threat by its competitors
65．What is most likely to be further discussed if the article continues?
A．What action Apple might take to attract potential subscribers.
B．Who might gain huge benefits from Apple’s new service.
C．How Goldman Sachs won the support from Mr. Tim Cook.
D．Why some companies are alert to Apple’s strategy changes.
66．What is the best title for this article?
A．Tech Giant Apple Stages New Moves B．A Great Challenge to the Entertainment Industry
C．The Entertainment Industry Calls for Cooperation D．A New Bottleneck for Tech Giant Apple
【答案】63．A
64．C
65．D
66．A
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了苹果公司推出一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡。分析了这一举措可能带来的影响以及其他公司对此的态度。
63．
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The money Apple plans to spend on original shows – perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far”以及后文“Netflix, which will spend as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content”可知，苹果计划花在原创节目上的10亿到20亿美元的花费——与Netflix花费150亿美元在原创和授权内容上相比，显得微不足道。画线词意思为“显得微不足道”。故选A。
64．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Apple’s 900 million iPhones worldwide grant it access to a massive potential audience.(苹果在全球拥有9亿部iphone，这让它能够接触到大量潜在用户)”倒数第二段中“Although Apple continues to earn most of its money from devices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors, should accelerate that trend.(尽管苹果的大部分收入继续来自设备，但其服务业务正在迅速增长，2018年的营收为2660亿美元，其中近400亿美元来自服务。新的订阅服务比之前的订阅服务更容易点击和购买，应该会加速这一趋势)”以及“Analysts at Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its services.(高盛分析师估计，苹果可能会将其免费新闻应用8500万月度用户中的10%转变为付费用户，并从通过其服务出售的报纸和电视订阅中获得分成)”可推知，苹果设备的普及可能为其新服务带来巨大的利润潜力。故选C。
65．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apple’s advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take part in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.(一些内容提供商则持谨慎态度。《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》代表其新闻服务部门拒绝了苹果的要求。Netflix和迪士尼不会参与Apple TV+，他们认为这更多是一种威胁，而非机遇)”可推知，如果这篇文章继续下去，最有可能进一步讨论为什么一些公司对苹果的战略变化持谨慎态度。故选D。
66．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered as a milestone for the company – and the entertainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his company’s latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming, news games and even a credit card.( 2019年3月25日，Tim Cook主持的这场两小时展示会可能会被铭记为该公司——以及娱乐业的里程碑。Cook没有宣布公司的最新产品。相反，他推出了一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡)”结合文章主要介绍了苹果公司推出一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡。分析了这一举措可能带来的影响以及其他公司对此的态度。可知，A选项“科技巨头苹果公司推出新举措”符合文章标题。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Rise of Microchipping
On August 1, 2017, workers at Three Square Market, a company specializing in vending machines, lined up in the office cafeteria to be implanted with microchips. One after another, they held out a hand to a tattooist who pushed a rice-grain sized implant into the flesh between their thumb and forefinger. The group implant event, organized by company management, fitted into Three Square Market’s longer-term vision of a cashless payment system for their vending machines — workplace snacks purchased with a flick of the wrist. The televised “chipping party” was picked up by media outlets from Moscow to Sydney. ____67____ After the event, Three Square Market’s Google reviews page was flooded with one-star ratings.
For Jowan Österlund, whose company Biohax provided the service, microchip implants were not radical or even novel. He has lived with one for years and has implanted hundreds of other young, tech-savvy (技术大咖) Swedes. ____68____ They have used their implants to gain access to their co-working spaces, pay for gym membership, and even to ride the train. But are the people of the world ready for technology to start getting under their skin?
Microchip implants are essentially cylindrical (长圆形的) bar codes that, when scanned, transmit a unique signal through a layer of skin. ____69____ Today, Biohax is aiming to simplify identity and access in the digital world, offering a replacement to the seemingly endless collection of passwords, keys, tickets and cards that clutter our lives. Jowan’s friend Hannes Sjöblad has his own microchip-focused business. He believes that by placing a device under the skin, instead of wearing it like a Fitbit, data collection will be greatly improved.
But Urs Gasser at Harvard University believes that extending beyond the Swedish tech-hub environment to a broader market will be legally and morally difficult. In his view, Three Square Market’s chipping event actually symbolizes the imbalances of power in the workplace. Are you a person being paid for your work, or are you the property of the company you work for?
Ifeoma Ajunwa at Cornell University adds that it is crucial to consider the implications of this technology in the context of increasing worker surveillance (管制). ____70____ This seems to blur the line between work and family life,” she said.
A．Microchips will deepen this dynamic, as they “literally go with the worker whenever they go”.
B．Chipping, thereby, has swept across the globe with its magnetic appeal.
C．Not all of the attention was positive, however.
D．Mostly, they have been used to organize warehouses or identify lost pets.
E．Conquered by the “almighty” microchips, workers may no longer be their own masters.
F．For this community, the chip signifies an all-in-one combination of biology and technology.
【答案】67．C
68．F
69．D
70．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了微芯片的兴起标志着生物学和技术的一体化的结合，对于人们未来的生活影响深远。
67．
根据上文“The televised “chipping party” was picked up by media outlets from Moscow to Sydney. (从莫斯科到悉尼，各大媒体都报道了这场“芯片派对”)”可知，媒体对这场芯片派对进行了报道。根据下文“ After the event, Three Square Market’s Google reviews page was flooded with one-star ratings. (活动结束后，Three Square Market的谷歌评论页面充斥着一星评级)”可知，这场活动的效果不好。由此可知，C. Not all of the attention was positive, however.(然而，并非所有的关注都是正面的)承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
68．
根据上文“He has lived with one for years and has implanted hundreds of other young, tech-savvy (技术大咖) Swedes.(他植入一个芯片多年了，数百名年轻的、精通科技的瑞典人也植入了芯片)”和下文“They have used their implants to gain access to their co-working spaces, pay for gym membership, and even to ride the train. (他们用植入物来获得共享办公空间，支付健身房会员费，甚至坐火车)”可知，Jowan Österlund对于芯片植入很有经验，这里谈的是对于植入芯片的人群来说，把生物学和科技联系在了一起。由此可知，F. For this community, the chip signifies an all-in-one combination of biology and technology.(对这个社区来说，芯片意味着生物和技术的一体化)承上启下，符合语境，选项中this community承接上文，an all-in-one combination of biology and technology引起下文。故选F。
69．
根据上文“Microchip implants are essentially cylindrical (长圆形的) bar codes that, when scanned, transmit a unique signal through a layer of skin. (芯片植入物本质上是圆柱形条形码，当扫描时，通过一层皮肤传输独特的信号)”和下文“Today, Biohax is aiming to simplify identity and access in the digital world, offering a replacement to the seemingly endless collection of passwords, keys, tickets and cards that clutter our lives. (今天，Biohax的目标是简化数字世界的身份和访问，提供一种替代似乎无穷无尽的密码、钥匙、票和卡的收集，使我们的生活凌乱不堪)”可知，这里谈的是微芯片的用途。由此可知，D. Mostly, they have been used to organize warehouses or identify lost pets.(大多数情况下，它们被用来管理仓库或识别丢失的宠物)也是讲微芯片的用途，符合本段语境。故选D。
70．
根据上文“Ifeoma Ajunwa at Cornell University adds that it is crucial to consider the implications of this technology in the context of increasing worker surveillance(管制).(康奈尔大学(Cornell University)的Ifeoma Ajunwa补充说，在加强工人监控的背景下考虑这项技术的影响至关重要) ”可知，下文谈的应该是这项技术对管理工人的意义。由此可知，A. Microchips will deepen this dynamic, as they “literally go with the worker whenever they go”.(微芯片将深化这种动态，因为它们“实际上是随员工走的”)符合语境，其中出现的worker属于原词复现。故选A。
IV. Summary Writing
71．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 
How the smartphone affected teens
Some parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence. But spending this much time on screens is not just different—in many ways, it’s actually worse.
Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others’ faces, suggesting that teens’ screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.
In addition, teens using smartphones read books, magazines and newspapers much less than previous generations did as teens: In the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a non-required book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. College teachers tell me that students have more trouble reading longer text passages, and rarely read the required textbooks.
This isn’t to say that teens who use smartphones don’t have a lot going for them. They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age. But the smartphone threatens to disturb them before they even get started.
To be clear, moderate smartphone use—up to an hour a day—is not linked to mental health issues. However, most teens are on their phones much more than that.
Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they would rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones. Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friends—they were a distraction, a bad influence, a waste of time. But it might be just what teens need.
【答案】Teens’ spending too much time on smartphones affected their development and caused parents' worry. Studies found using smartphones might prevent teens developing social skills and reading abilities. But teens using smartphones properly are physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health problems. Actually, teens prefer face-to-face communication with their friends. (58 words)
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，青少年花太多时间在智能手机上影响了他们的发展，引起了父母的担心。研究发现使用智能手机可能会阻碍青少年发展社交技能和阅读能力。但正确使用智能手机的青少年在身体上更安全，更宽容，更现实，适度使用智能手机与心理健康问题没有关系。实际上，青少年更喜欢与朋友面对面的交流。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Some parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence.
②A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others’ faces, suggesting that teens’ screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.
③They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age.
④To be clear, moderate smartphone use—up to an hour a day—is not linked to mental health issues.
⑤Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they would rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句Teens’ spending too much time on smartphones affected their development and caused parents' worry.
Studies found using smartphones might prevent teens developing social skills and reading abilities.
But teens using smartphones properly are physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health problems.
Actually, teens prefer face-to-face communication with their friends.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Teens’ spending too much time on smartphones affected their development and caused parents' worry.运用主语部分的复合结构将第一段中青少年玩手机的现象表达了出来，结合谓语affect和宾语development，以及并列句中谓语cause和宾语parents' worry完整地概括出第一段内容。其中动名词的复合结构和并列谓语表达高级。
[高分句型2]：But teens using smartphones properly are physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health problems. 用并列连词and连接两个句子对第四、五段进行了概括，言简意赅。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72．意外在所难免，一个人必须学会几项求生技能。（in case）(汉译英）
【答案】One should learn several/some skills to survive in case of something unexpected.
One should learn several/some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs.
【详解】
考查状语从句，情态动词和动词。分析句子可知，句子用一般现在时。主句是“一个人必须学会几项求生技能”，主语“一个人”译为one，should“应该；必须”，接动词原形“learn学会”作谓语；宾语“求生技能”译为“skill to survive”，由several或some修饰用复数。“意外在所难免”用in case引导的目的状语从句，或者in case of短语；“意外的事情”译为“something unexpected”；“发生”译文occur，主语是不定代词，谓语动词用单数。故译为One should learn several/some skills to survive in case of something unexpected.One should learn several/some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs.
73．身处逆境时, 要处乱不惊, 越怕越糟糕。（the more) (汉译英）
【答案】The more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be, so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.
Keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble, because the more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be.
【分析】
【详解】
考查形容词比较级和时间状语从句。该句是并列连词so连接的并列句，前一个分句含固定句型：“The +比较级，the +比较级”表示“越……，越……”；后一分句含when引导的时间状语从句，且主句是祈使句，从句用一般将来时。或者含because引导的原因状语从句。再根据所给汉语可知答案为The more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be, so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.或Keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble, because the more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be.
74．难怪人们说: “到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海”。(wonder) (汉译英）
【答案】No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.
No wonder people say that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai, if he missed Yu Garden/if he hasn’t been to / visited Yu Garden.
【详解】
考查动词时态、定语从句和名词性从句。句意：难怪人们说: “到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海”。No wonder难怪；people人们；say说；those那些；who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden到过上海不去豫园的人；cannot claim/say不能说；they have been to the city他们去过上海。分析句子结构，除了定语从句中的谓语动词have visited和missed，句子中还有四处谓语动词no wonder、say、cannot claim/say、have been to，因此可以处理为三个宾语从句，no wonder后面需用that引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分；say后面需用that引导宾语从句，这个从句中those为主语，cannot claim/say为谓语；they have been to the city.为第三个宾语从句，不缺成分，用that引导。整个句子主干陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，定语从句和最后一个宾语从句使用现在完成时。故可译为No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.。或者no wonder难怪；people人们；say说；that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai没有人能说他到过上海；if如果，此处处理为条件状语从句；he missed Yu Garden/if he hasn’t been to / visited Yu Garden.他错过了豫园/没去过豫园，故可译为No wonder people say that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai, if he missed Yu Garden/if he hasn’t been to / visited Yu Garden.。故答案是No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.
No wonder people say that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai, if he missed Yu Garden/if he hasn’t been to / visited Yu Garden.
75．是他的过于自信造成了这种局面；他还没有真正理解 “兼听则明” 的道理。(result) (汉译英）
【答案】It was his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident that resulted in the situation, because he hasn’t fully understood / didn’t fully understand the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth.
【详解】
考查强调句，原因状语从句，以及同位语从句。第一个分句强调“是他的过于自信”，在英语中强调除谓语动词之外的其它句子成分，用强调句表达，强调句结构是“it +be+被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分”；“他的过于自信”用his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident表达；提示词“result”意为“导致，造成”，是不及物动词，后面跟宾语时，要加介词in，构成短语 result in；“这种局面”用the situation表达；结合句意可知，此处讲述的是发生过的事情，应用过去时态，所以第一个分句可翻译为：It was his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident that resulted in the situation。分析句意可知，前后两个分句之间为因果关系，第一个分句“是他的过于自信造成了这种局面”表示结果，第二个分句“他还没有真正理解 ‘兼听则明’的道理”表示原因，做原因状语，原因状语用because引导；分析第二个分句句意可知，此处应用现在完成时态或一般过去时态；“还没有真正理解”用hasn’t fully understood / didn’t fully understand；“道理”用抽象名词truth表示，“兼听则明”用if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth表达，是对名词truth的具体内容的描述，且句子中不缺成分，这符合同位语从句的概念，所以此处用同位语从句结构the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth；第二个分句完整的翻译为：because he hasn’t fully understood / didn’t fully understand the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth。故整个句子可翻译为：It was his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident that resulted in the situation, because he hasn’t fully understood / didn’t fully understand the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth.
【点睛】
汉译英时，首先要分析句子结构，确定是简单句还是复合句。如果是复合句，就要进一步分析并确定复合句的类型，以及所需要的连词；再逐个分析各个句子成分对应的英语表达方式，同时还要结合句意，确定谓语动词的时态。
VI. Guided Writing
76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
目前，教育部办公厅印发了《关于加强中小学生手机管理工作的通知》。通知明确：学生不得将手机带入校园，若确有将手机带入校园需求的，须经学生家长同意、书面提出申请。申请一旦获批，学生进校后应将手机交由学校统一保管，禁止带入课堂。
请你谈一谈这一通知的颁布反映了怎样的社会现状，以及这一规定将起到怎样的作用。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】        At present, the General Office of the Ministry of Education has issued a notice on strengthening the management of mobile phones for primary and secondary school students. The notice makes it clear that students are not allowed to bring their mobile phones into the campus. If they do need to bring their mobile phones into the campus, they must apply in writing with the consent of their parents. Once the application is approved, students should leave their mobile phones in the custody of the school and are not allowed to take them into class.
        The promulgation of this notice reflects that primary and secondary school students’s addiction to the mobile phones are so strong that it is high time that the government and the school should take effective measures to restrict or stop their use of mobile phones. The students spend too much time on the mobile phones playing games or chatting with their friends on social medium platforms, which has a bad effect on their study. Parents appeal to the government to take action to stop this phenomenon.
        I think this rule can have a very positive effect on students. Without mobile phones, they are more focused on their studies, which can improve their grades. In the case of less Internet access, the negative news in the society will greatly reduce their impact, which is beneficial to their forming a positive attitude towards life, as well as their personality and the development of the whole society.

【导语】
本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生谈一谈《关于加强中小学生手机管理工作的通知》的颁布反映了怎样的社会现状，以及这一规定将起到怎样的作用。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
允许：allow→permit
准许：consent→permission
反映：reflect→show
专注于：focus on→concentrate on
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At present, the General Office of the Ministry of Education has issued a notice on strengthening the management of mobile phones for primary and secondary school students.
拓展句：At present, the General Office of the Ministry of Education has issued a notice that strengthens the management of mobile phones for primary and secondary school students.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]The notice makes it clear that students are not allowed to bring their mobile phones into the campus.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]The students spend too much time on the mobile phones playing games or chatting with their friends on social medium platforms, which has a bad effect on their study.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)