Unit 5 Into the wild Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing(word 教师用书含答案解析)

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Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing

定语从句(2)

定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。

关系副词when引导的定语从句
when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，year等。
◆We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.　
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
◆(重庆卷)He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education.
他生活在一个盲人得不到教育的时代。

when是关系副词，在从句中只能作状语，而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that，作宾语时常常省略关系代词。
◆Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？　
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
◆Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？　
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)

关系副词where引导的定语从句
where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，factory，house，village等。
◆The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.　我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
◆He is now working in the factory where his father worked.　现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。

(1)若表示地点的先行词在从句中不作地点状语时，不可用where来引导定语从句，若作主语或宾语时，应用which或that来引导定语从句。
◆This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which/that，不用where)
◆The school (which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.　
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)一些特殊名词后用where引导定语从句。如果定语从句前面的先行词是point，situation，condition，stage和case等，且在从句中作状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。
◆We have come to the point where we have to face such a problem.　
我们已到了必须面对这样一个问题的地步了。
◆It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.　
把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。

关系副词why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason这个词。
◆I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。

若先行词reason在从句中不作状语，而作主语或宾语时，应用that或which来引导定语从句。
◆I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.　我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
◆The reason why/for which you failed, I think, was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
我认为你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或for which)

用适当的关系词填空
1．Is this the classroom where the old soldier is going to give us a speech?
2．I’ll never forget the time that/which we spent together in the army camp.
3．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
4．I know the girl whom the teacher talked with yesterday.
5．He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so excited.
6．Do you still remember the day when we met on the train for the first time?
7．We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.
8．Could you tell me something about the girl whose father is an astronaut?
9．(2019·江苏泰州一中期中)—When did you know Mr. Wang?
—It was last month when he was knocked down by a motorbike.
10．The reason why she changed her mind is quite clear.
语法与写作
1．这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。
This is the house where they lived a week ago．
2．我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
3．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age when many things are done on the computer.
4．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。
After graduation he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up．
5．我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your parents．

描写动物的说明文

文体感知
1．此类文章以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来介绍动物的类属、生活习性、生存状态、外貌特征等，可对描述的对象作总体概括介绍，给人以直观的总体认识，然后进行具体说明，目的在于让人了解此种动物。
2．此类文章多用一般现在时。文章应合理安排结构，注意行文要条理清晰，在动笔之前要想好描述顺序，句与句之间怎样连接，段与段之间怎样联系。
增分佳句
1．Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost，making animals lose their homes to live in.
2．The giant panda is an animal that/which lives in the mountains.
3．The giant panda feeds/lives on bamboo shoots.
4．As forests are being cut down, its habitat is becoming smaller and smaller.
5．To protect pandas, measures should be taken to set up some nature reserves.
6．If we don’t protect them，they’ll probably die out soon.
7．Finally，we should let people know the importance of protecting endangered animals.
8．Many fields are being turned into desert，which makes the animals living there have no place to find food to eat.
9．Many animals are being killed so that some of them are in danger of dying out.
10．In a word，we must take some measures to prevent rare animals from extinction.

写作要求
根据要求写一篇有关濒危动物——金丝猴的短文。
1．栖息地：中国。
2．外貌：金黄色，有点灰；尾巴和身体一样长。
3．生活环境：海拔1 500－3 000米的森林。
4．生活习性：群居，吃水果、干果，在树上活动。
5．它们的数量减少了，呼吁人们保护金丝猴。
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
说明文
话题
介绍动物
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①保护　　　　　　　　　　　 protect
②金色的 golden
③灰色的 grey
④和……一样长 as long as
⑤森林 forest
⑥水果 fruit
⑦以……为食 feed on
⑧自然保护区 nature reserve
2．句式
①雄性金丝猴又大又壮。雌性金丝猴比较小。
普通表达：The male golden monkeys are big and strong. The female golden monkeys are much smaller.
高级表达：The male golden monkeys are big and strong while the female ones are much smaller.(用while连接并列句)
②金丝猴居住在森林里。这些森林在海拔1 500米至3 000米以上。
Golden monkeys live in forests. The forests are 1，500－3，000 metres above the sea level.
高级表达：Golden monkeys live in forests which are 1，500－3，000 metres above the sea level.(用which引导定语从句)
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
The Golden Monkey
Golden monkeys live only in China. They are protected by Chinese government. Their fur is golden and a bit grey. Their tails are as long as their bodies. The male golden monkeys are big and strong while the female ones are much smaller. Golden monkeys live in forests which are 1，500－3，000 metres above the sea level. They like living in family groups. They feed on fruits, nuts, tree leaves and so on.
But now their number is getting smaller and smaller. Our government has built some nature reserves to protect them. We hope more and more people will understand the importance of protecting golden monkeys. We also hope that people will stop hunting golden monkeys.

单句语法填空
1．He got to the station at five thirty when the bus had already left.
2．I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
3．Mother always remembers the day when I was born.
4．Though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff，I don’t like the way that he spoke to them.
5．This is the house where my grandfather lived three years ago.
6．Could you tell me the reason why you were late for your work yesterday?
7．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
8．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
9．The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.
10．National Day is a special day which/that we should keep in mind.
阅读理解
Each year, more than 30，000 elephants are poached (偷猎) for their ivory(象牙)．But recently, China—the world’s largest market for ivory products—promised to end its sale of ivory.
“Ending legal sales of ivory in China is the greatest step to reduce elephant poaching in Africa，” says Peter Knights, CEO of the conservation(保护) group WildAid.“We praise China for its leadership.”
Chinese leaders say that the nation will gradually reduce its amount to zero.They are also encouraging other countries to follow China’s lead by taking bigger action against the illegal ivory trade.
Africa once had as many as 3.5 million elephants.Today, only about 500，000 remain.Conservation experts say elephants could someday disappear entirely if the illegal ivory trade does not end.
The international trade of ivory was banned in 1989.However, China has still allowed ivory to be sold.In addition, the US—the secondlargest market for ivory—still allows the trade of ivory acquired before the ban.Europeans still support the ivory market by selling ivory from long ago.Many poachers are taking advantage of these rules.They are still illegally hunting elephants for ivory, but selling the ivory in legal markets.
Last week, the US destroyed more than a ton of ivory in New York City’s Times Square to show its commitment(承诺) to ending the illegal ivory trade.China held a similar ivorycrushing event last month, and other countries have done the same in recent years.
Some wildlife supporters say destroying ivory will reduce the supply of ivory, leading to more poaching.But organizers say the events will raise awareness(意识) of the illegal ivory trade and increase support for ending it.
“China, the US, and other major ivoryconsuming countries hold the key to saving Africa’s elephants，” says Ginette Hemley, senior vice president of Wildlife Conservation at the World Wildlife Fund.
【解题导语】　中国宣布将禁止象牙交易，为保护非洲象做出贡献。
1．What is Peter Knights’ attitude towards China’s action to end the ivory trade?
A．Supportive.　　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.
C．Interested. D．Worried.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Peter Knights所讲的“We praise China for its leadership.”可知，Peter Knights对中国禁止象牙交易的举措高度赞扬，故选A项。
2．Para.4 mainly shows ________．
A．the damage caused by legal sales of ivory
B．the step of ending the illegal ivory trade
C．the serious situation of the elephants in Africa
D．the importance of protecting the elephants in Africa
C　解析：段落大意题。本段列出了非洲象的两组数据——从之前的350万头到现如今的50万头，并讲到专家提醒如果不制止非法象牙交易，非洲象将会灭绝，由此可知本段主要告知读者非洲象的危险处境。
3．What will be the result brought by the ivorydestroying events according to the organizers?
A．More elephants will be killed.
B．The illegal ivory trade will come to an end soon.
C．New ivory markets will be opened in other countries.
D．More countries will take action against the illegal ivory trade.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“But organizers say the events will raise awareness(意识) of the illegal ivory trade and increase support for ending it.”可知，销毁象牙的组织者认为销毁象牙的举动能够增加人们对非法象牙交易的意识，从而让更多的人反对非法象牙交易。
4．What can be used as the best title for the passage?
A．Africa’s Elephants Are Dying Out
B．China Helps to Save Africa’s Elephants
C．Ivory Trade Will Be Banned in the World
D．How to Stop Elephants from Being Poached
B　解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述中国宣布将禁止象牙交易，为保护非洲象做出贡献，由此可知B项作为文章标题最佳。
语法填空
Who’s the 1.____________(popular) cartoon character in China right now? It might be Peppa Pig.Peppa is 6 years old.She wears a red dress.Her favorite thing to do 2.____________ (be) to jump in muddy puddles(泥坑)．She can spend all day 3.____________ (do) this.Her favorite toy is a bear named Teddy.Mummy Pig is a beautiful lady and she takes care of her family.Daddy Pig is an architect 4.____________ is very cheerful and plays with Peppa and George a lot.Peppa often makes fun of his big belly(肚子)．They are 5.____________ main characters on the British TV show Peppa Pig.
The show has been on TV in 40 6.____________ (language) in more than 180 countries and regions.It’s about the everyday lives of the Peppa Pig family members.The show is 7.____________ (main) for preschoolers.But many older kids and even adults have become fans of the show 8.____________ well.
“I think 9.____________ (it) popularity is partly because of it being ageless，” Richard Ridings, a voice actor plays Peppa’s dad, told the Mirror.
The show’s stories are simple, but its humor is not too childish.Both kids and adults are always 10.____________(make) to laugh as soon as they see Peppa.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了在中国最受欢迎的卡通人物小猪佩奇的一些情况。
1．most popular　解析：考查比较等级。句意：现在谁是中国最受欢迎的卡通人物？根据句意可知此处应使用最高级。
2．is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文Peppa is 6 years old.She wears a red dress.可知此处应用一般现在时。主语为thing，故谓语动词用is。
3．doing　解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。
4．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。先行词为architect，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。
5．the　解析：考查冠词。此处表示特指，故应用定冠词the。
6．languages　解析：考查名词的复数形式。language为可数名词，且此处被数词40所修饰，因此使用复数形式。
7．mainly　解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰介词短语应用副词形式。
8．as　解析：考查固定短语。as well也。
9．its　解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词popularity，故应用形容词性物主代词。
10．made　解析：考查动词的语态。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事，其被动语态为sth.be made to do sth.。
应用文写作
大熊猫是中国的国宝。请根据下列提示写一篇英语短文，介绍大熊猫。
1．大熊猫是中国的稀有动物，也是世界稀有动物之一，为中国人民和世界人民所喜爱；
2．大熊猫生长在山里，以竹笋为食；由于山林遭到破坏，竹子被砍伐，觅食越来越困难，濒临灭绝；
3．我国已经建立数个自然保护区，但需要更多的资金；
4．希望大家伸出援助之手来保护它们。
注意：词数80左右。
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One possible version：
The giant panda is a rare animal in China, and also one of the rare animals in the world. It is loved by both the Chinese and the people of the world.
The home of the giant panda is in the mountains. It feeds on bamboo shoots. With forests being destroyed and bamboos cut down，it’s difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves. To protect pandas，China has set up some nature reserves，but more money is needed to carry out this important rescue project.
We hope that people will lend a helping hand to save the giant pandas，so that this kind of lovely rare animals will live with mankind forever.
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled(骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him.“Man, that’s a big dog！”he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf,__quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase(追赶)．
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easily caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
The car abruptly stopped in front of him. _______________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Paul and Becky got out of the car immediately to give help. But with the bare hands, they didn’t dare to fight with the wolf. However, they still approached to the wolf bravely. At the same time, the wolf also noticed them and turned its head back, shouting loudly at Paul and Becky. Mac then jumped off the bicycle and was ready to fight against the wolf. That reached deadlock.
Paragraph 2：
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. Mac’s friends also jumped off their bicycles and joined the fight with the wolf. More and more cars stopped. Some drivers took out the sticks from the cars, and some took out the knives, even the guns towards the wolf. Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw. Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.

《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》(The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe)是英国作家C·S·路易斯所著的《纳尼亚传奇》系列奇幻儿童文学小说的第二部(写作顺序是第一部)。
[词句积累]
1．hoarse/hɔːs/adj.嘶哑的
2．throaty/ˈθrəʊtI/adj.声音低沉的
3．bough/baʊ/n.大树枝
4．token/ˈtəʊkən/n.信物
5．Only when it had led them into a dark spot where four trees grew so close together that their boughs met and the brown earth and pine needles could be seen underfoot because no snow had been able to fall there, did it begin to talk to them.
分析：该句是only引导的部分倒装句。when引导的状语从句中，spot是先行词，where引导的是定语从句，在定语从句中，含有so...that引导的结果状语从句，because引导的是原因状语从句。
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe(excerpt)
So the children all got close together and walked up to the tree and in behind it, and there, sure enough, they found the Beaver; but it still drew back, saying to them in a hoarse throaty whisper, “Further in, come further in. Right in here. We’re not safe in the open！”
Only when it had led them into a dark spot where four trees grew so close together that their boughs met and the brown earth and pine needles could be seen underfoot because no snow had been able to fall there, did it begin to talk to them.
“Are you the Sons of Adam and the Daughters of Eve？” it said.
“We’re some of them.”said Peter.
“Ssssh！” said the Beaver, “Not so loud please. We’re not safe even here.”
“Why, who are you afraid of？”said Peter.“There’s no one here but ourselves.”
“There are the trees.”said the Beaver. “They’re always listening. Most of them are on our side, but there are trees that would betray us to her; you know who I mean.”and it nodded its head several times.
“If it comes to talking about sides，”said Edmund, “how do we know you’re a friend？”
“Not meaning to be rude, Mr. Beaver.”added Peter，“But you see, we’re strangers.”
“Quite right, quite right，”said the Beaver. “Here is my token.”With these words it held up to them a little white object.
《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》(节选)
于是，孩子们紧靠在一起，朝着那棵树走过去，一直走到树后面海狸原先站的地方，但海狸却从那里又继续朝后退去了。它压低了嗓门用一种嘶哑的声音对他们说：“往里，再往里，到我这儿来，在外面有危险。”
它把他们一直引到一个非常幽暗的地方。那里有四棵树紧挨在一起，树枝与树枝连成一片，雪落不到下面来，因而地上可以看见褐色的泥土和松针。他们到了这儿以后，海狸才开始和他们说话。
“你们是亚当的儿子和夏娃的女儿吗？”它问。
“是的。”彼得答道。
“嘘！”海狸说，“声音不要太大，即使在这儿，我们还是不够安全。”
“为什么，你怕谁？”彼得说，“这里除了我们以外，再也没别的人了。”
“这里有树。”海狸说，“它们一直在听，它们当中绝大多数站在我们一边，但也有背叛我们倒向她那一边的，你们知道我说得是谁。”它接连点了好几下头。
“要是说到两边的话，”爱德蒙说，“我们怎么知道你是朋友而不是敌人？”
“请你别见怪，海狸先生，”彼得解释说，“你看，我们彼此之间还不熟悉呢。”
“对，对，”海狸说，“我这里有一样信物。”说着，它就拿出一件白色的小东西。