人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section A学案

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

Section A

教材知识全解 讲透知识 查漏补缺

知识点一 hope to do sth.的用法

教材原文 I hope to work outside.我希望能出去工作.

hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”,动词不定式作hope的宾语.含hope to do sth.的句子可以转换为含宾语从句的主从复合句.

I hope to pass the exam.＝I hope that I can pass the exam.我希望我能够通过考试.

拓展 符合“动词＋to do sth.”结构的短语还有:

例1 (2020河北沧州十五中阶段检测)Tom has decided________ a part-time job after he graduates from school.

解析 句意:Tom已经决定在毕业之后去做一份兼职. decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,动词不定式作宾语,故

答案选B.

答案 B

知识点二 clean up的用法··········

教材原文 You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园.

本句中的clean up是固定搭配,意为“打扫(或清除)干净”.它的宾语有两种情况:

They began to clean up the kitchen after the party was over.＝They began to clean the kitchen up after the party was over.聚会结束之后,他们开始打扫厨房.

例2(2019甘肃兰州永登期中)-Your bedroom is so dirty. Would you please________, Peter?

-OK, Mum. I'll do it right away.

解析 根据前一句中的so dirty可知是要求对方打扫房间. clean up意为“打扫干净”,它的宾语是代词it,指代your bedroom,代词只能放在clean和up的中间.故选D.

答案 D

知识点三 cheer up的用法···········

教材原文 The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.那个女孩可以去看望医院里生病的孩子,使他们振作起来.

cheer up 意为“(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来”.cheer up的宾语有两种情况:

Let's go to the children's hospital to cheer up the sick children. =Let's go to the children's hospital to cheer the sick children up.让我们去儿童医院使那些生病的孩子们振作起来吧.

The good news cheered him up.这个好消息使他振作了起来.

拓展 cheer up还可以单独使用,此时是常见的口语表达,意为“振作起来”,多用在鼓励他人的场景中.

Cheer up! I'm sure you'll feel better tomorrow.振作起来！我肯定你明天会感觉好些的.

例3 (2020湖北孝感大悟期中)！It's not the end of________ the world. Let's try again.

解析 句意:振作起来！这不是世界末日,让我们再试一次.grow up意为“长大;成长＂;stand up 意为“站起来”; cheer up“使振作起来;使高兴起来”;wake up"喊醒;叫醒”由句意可知选C.

答案 C

知识点四 give out的用法

教材原文 The boy could give out food at the food bank.那个男孩可以在食物赈济处发放食物.

give out在本句中意为“散发;分发”,相当于hand out,是“动词＋副词”结构,若代词作宾语,代词必须放在give out中间且用宾格;若名词作宾语,名词可以放在give和out之间,也可以放在out后面.

The teacher asked me to give out the test papers.＝The teacher asked me to give the test papers out.老师让我分发试卷.

Here're our test papers. I haven't given them out yet.这是我们的试卷,我还没有分发.

拓展 常见的give短语有:

give away捐赠;赠给

give up 放弃

give back归还

give off发出;放出

give sb. sth. 给某人某物＝give sth. to sb.

give in 屈服;让步

例4(2020吉林公主岭期中)Here are the students' books. Please________ to the students.

解析 句意;这是学生们的书.请把它们分发给学生们.give out意为“分发;散发＂,give up意为“放弃”.由句意可

知是分发书,用give out,此处代词them作宾语,要放在give和out的中间.故答案选A

答案 A

知识点五 put off的用法

教材原文 We can't put off making a plan,我们不能推迟制订计划

put off意为“推迟”,是常见的短语

The concert was put off because of the heavy rain.演唱会因为大雨面被推迟了.

拓展 常见的put短语有:

put off推迟;延迟

put on穿上;戴上,展出;上演

put away收起来

put out熄灭;扑灭

put up with容忍

put up搭建;建造;提升;张贴

例5 (2020湖北襄阳高新区期末)-We can't________ making a plan. The meeting is only two days from now.

-Yes, I think so.

解析 句意:-我们不能推迟制订计划.会议离今天仅有两天时间了.-是的,我认为如此.give up 意为“放弃”;write down 意为“写下;记下”;put up意为“张贴;建造”;put off意为“推迟;延迟”.由句意可知答案选D.

答案 D

知识点六 used to的用法········全练版P11

教材原文 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们给我讲过去的经历,讲过去是什么样子的.

本句中的 used to表示“过去常常;以前经常”,后跟动词原形,用来描述过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态.

He used to play the guitar.他以前经常弹吉他.

I used to look on him as a friend.我以前把他看作是一个朋友.

拓展 used to在变否定句或一般疑问句时常借助助动词did.具体如下:

Bob used to play soccer.鲍勃以前经常踢足球

Bob didn't use to play soccer.鲍勃以前不常踢足球

-Did Bob use to play soccer?鲍勃以前经常踢足球吗?

-Yes, he did.是的,他经常踢

-No, he didn't.不,他不常踢.

辨析 used to 和 be used to

He used to play football, but now he likes playing baseball.他以前经常踢足球,但现在他喜欢打棒球.

She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起.

例6(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔碾子山区期中)-How do you go to school?

-I________ take a bus, but now I________ walking.

A. used to; used to

B. was used to; am used to

C. used to; am used to

解析 句意:-你怎样去上学?-我过去常乘坐公共汽车,但现在我习惯于走着去.used to do sth.意为“过去经常做某事”;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”.故选C.

答案 C

知识点七 “疑问词＋不定式”的用法······全练版P11

教材原文 ...but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.······但是我想学习更多关于如何照顾动物的知识.

how to care for animals 属于“疑问词＋不定式”的结构,该结构在句中作介词about的宾语.该结构还可以转换为宾语从句 how I can care for animals.当“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语时,通常可以转换为宾语从句.

We don't know how to use the camera.＝We don't know how we can use the camera.我们不知道怎样使用这个照相机.

例7 (2020新疆生产建设兵团三中月考)-I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?

-I haven't decided where________.

解析 句意:--我将去哈尔滨过暑假,你呢?--我还没有决定去哪里.此处是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语,故答案选D

答案 D

知识点八care for的用法

教材原文 ...but I want to learn more about how to care for animal.······但是我想学习更多关于如何照顾动物的知识.

care for是固定搭配,意为“照顾;非常喜欢”.

She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰.

The sick must be cared for.病人应被照料.

拓展care的延伸

careful adj.小心的

careless adj.粗心的

carefully adv.小心地

carelessly adv.粗心地

care for 照顾;喜欢

care about 关心;在意

take care 小心;当心

take care of 照顾;照料

例8(2020黑龙江佳木斯桦南实验中学期中)The young should________ the old. Anyway, we are also going to be old one day.

解析 句意:年轻人应该照顾老年人.无论如何,总有一天我们也会变老的.take after意为“(外貌或行为)像”;care for意为“照顾;喜欢”.由句意可知B项符合题意.

答案 B

知识点九 such的用法

教材原文 I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when 1 see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners' faces.当我看到动物们(病情)渐好,看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时,我得到一种强烈的满足感.

本句中的 such a strong feeling of satisfaction 属于“such+a/an+形容词＋可数名词单数”的结构,表示“如此····的······”,该结构同”so+形容词＋a/an+可数名词单数”.

She is such a beautiful girl.＝She is so beautiful a girl.她是如此漂亮的一个女孩.

辨析 so和such的区别

He is so honest a boy that everyone likes him.＝He is such an honest boy that everyone likes him.他是个如此诚实的男孩,以至于每个人都喜欢他.

There are so many people in the square.广场上有如此多的人.

例9(2020四川成都期末)It was________ lovely weather________ we decided to spend the day on the beach.

解析 句意:天气是如此好以至于我们决定在海滩上度过一天.句中lovely weather是名词短语,要用“such...that”结构.因 weather是不可数名词,故such后不加冠词a.

答案 C