外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you学案

Section Ⅱ　Using language

1.annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的，生气的

(教材原句)Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.

“悲伤”由于无法在莱莉的情感发展中起作用，她感到烦恼。

❶I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.

我对他烦透了，因为他不停地打断我的话。

❷I bet she was annoyed at having to write it out again.

我敢说她对不得不把它重写一遍感到恼火。

❸I'm a bit annoyed that he didn't phone me. He promised me he would！他没给我打电话，我有点生气。他答应我会打的！

[归纳探究]

be/get annoyed with sb.    生某人的气

be/get annoyed at/about sth.    因某事生气

be/get annoyed that...    因……生气

annoy sb. with sth./by sth.    因(做)某事使某人烦恼

[单词积累]　annoying adj.令人气恼的　annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气　annoyance n．烦恼，恼怒；令人烦恼的事物

It was really annoying; I couldn't  get access to the data bank you had recommended.这真的很烦人，我无法访问你推荐的数据库。

[即学即练]　用annoy的正确形式填空

①He got very ________ with me about my carelessness.

②How ________！ I left my wallet at home!

③She was ________ with Duncan for forgetting to phone.

2.adjust v．适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节

(教材原句)When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.

当莱莉搬到一个新的城市，她很难适应新环境。

❶It was the culture that made it hard for him to adjust to the new surroundings in America.正是这些文化使他很难适应美国的新环境。

❷We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.

我们必须尽快适应新生活。

❸When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living on his own.当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。

❹She made a few minor adjustments to the machine.

她对这台机器作了一些小小的调整。

❺The height of the chair is adjustable.椅子的高度是可调节的。

[归纳探究]

adjust to (doing) sth.    适应(做)某事

adjust oneself to (doing) sth.    使自己适应(做)某事

adjust sth. to sth.    调整……以适应……

make an adjustment to...    对……作出调整

[单词积累]　adjustment n．适应，调整　adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The company made an ________ (adjust) to the workers' salary.

②Rachel hoped that her sister would soon adjust ________ (she) to the university life.

③There was no light in the room and it took me a few seconds to adjust ________ the darkness.

④Kids need help to adjust to ________ (have) a new baby in the house.

3.forgive v．原谅，宽恕

(教材原句)Try to forgive someone when they apologise.

当别人道歉时，尽量原谅他们。

❶Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore.请原谅我不能陪伴你去书店。

❷In addition, it's best for you to forgive and forget.

此外，你最好还是不计前嫌。

❸He admitted he had done her wrong and asked for forgiveness.

他承认冤枉了她，并请求原谅。

[归纳探究]

forgive me    请原谅，对不起

forgive sb. sth.    原谅某人某事(后接双宾语)

forgive sb. for (doing) sth.    原谅某人(做)某事

forgive and forget    不念旧恶，不记仇

[单词积累]　forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕

ask for (sb.'s) forgiveness请求某人的原谅

[图形助记]　

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I don't think I'll ever forgive David ________ the way he treats me.

②________ (forgive) by the whole class for what he did, Tony finally cheered up.

③Later, in the hospital, Henderson saw his friend. He apologised and asked for ________ (forgive).

4.embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情

(教材原句)This can cause embarrassment.这会导致尴尬。

❶In communication, misunderstanding of gestures or facial expressions tends to cause embarrassment.

在交流中，对手势或面部表情的含义的误解往往会引起尴尬。

❷Much to her embarrassment, she realised that everybody had been listening to her singing.她意识到大家一直在听她唱歌，感到很不好意思。

❸It embarrassed her to meet strange men in the corridor at night.

夜里在走廊上遇见陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。

❹He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.他尴尬地承认犯了个错。

❺Sometimes he was made in an embarrassing situation because he was always too outspoken in his work.

由于他在工作中总是太坦率，有时他处于一个尴尬的境地。

[归纳探究]

(1)to one's embarrassment    使某人尴尬的是

(2)be/feel embarrassed about/at    因……而感到尴尬/窘迫

be embarrassed to do sth.    因做某事而感到尴尬/窘迫

an embarrassed silence    尴尬的沉默

(3)an embarrassing question/situation

    令人难堪的问题/处境

an embarrassing incident    尴尬的事件

[一言助记]　Mary found herself in an embarrassing position, and therefore she felt rather embarrassed.玛丽发现自己处于一种很窘迫的境地，因此，她感觉相当尴尬。

[单词积累]　embarrass v．使尴尬，使窘迫

embarrassed adj.尴尬的，窘迫的

embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的

[即学即练]　用embarrass的正确形式填空

①Ken gave me an ________ (embarrass) smile when I asked where he'd been.

②When you're in an ________ (embarrass) situation, as long as you are not embarrassed, it is the other person who is embarrassed.

③Her face turned red with ________ (embarrass) when I asked when she would marry.

④The more ________ (embarrass) the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.

⑤He was ________ (embarrass) to admit giving us false information.

5.ensure v．保证，确保

(教材原句)Worried about her, Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.出于对她的担心，“快乐”和“悲伤”尽力合作，以确保她找回自己的核心记忆。

To ensure that your resume works for you, I recommend writing it more like a proposal than a job description.

为了确保你的简历起到作用，我建议你写得更像一个议案，而不是职位描述。

[联想拓展]　en可以作前缀，表“使……”，把原来的名词或形容词转化为动词。

enrich 使丰富　 enlarge 扩大

encourage 鼓舞 enable 使能够

ensure 确保     endanger危及；危害

[即学即练]　句型转换/完成句子

①The teachers spared no effort to ensure an equal chance to all students.

→The teachers spared no effort to ____________ all students had an equal chance.

→The teachers spared no effort to ____________ all students had an equal chance.

②____________________ (为了确保食品安全)，the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.

6.by accident 偶然，意外地

❶It was by accident that I found the novel written by Yang Jiang.我是无意中发现了杨绛写的这本小说。

❷Do you think the building was burnt down by accident or by design？你认为这栋建筑是被意外烧毁的还是故意烧毁的？

[归纳探究]

by chance偶然，意外地    by design有意地，故意地

by mistake错误地    by no accident绝非偶然

by nature天生地    by the way顺便说，顺便问一下

by no means绝不，一点儿都不    by all means当然可以；无论如何

by means of借助……手段，依靠……方法

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I met one of my classmates in Senior High ________ accident in the train yesterday.

②I've taken someone else's bag ________ mistake.

③I don't know whether they did it by accident or ________ design.

熟记下列重要短语

①tell the truth    说实话

②take the lead    带头

③have a hard time doing sth.    做某事有困难

④look down on    看不起

⑤be separated from    与……分开

⑥play a role    起作用

⑦settle down    安顿下来

⑧look on the bright side    看到光明的一面

过去分词(短语)作状语

一、语法现象感知

①Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.

②A bit frightened, he stood still.

③He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.

④Given another chance, I'll do it much better.

⑤Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.

⑥The man will die unless operated at once.

⑦If united, we stand; if divided, we fall.

二、语法规则理解

1．由第①句可知，Seen from the pagoda为过去分词短语在句中作____________状语。

2．由第②句可知，过去分词短语在句中作____________状语。

3．由第③句可知，过去分词短语followed by two guards在句中作____________状语。

4．由第④句可知，given another chance在句中作____________状语。

5．由第⑤句可知，过去分词wounded在句中作____________状语。

6．由第⑥⑦句可知，分词短语作状语时，有时可在其前加上一定的____________，使状语表示的意义更加明确。

微点拨　过去分词作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态几乎同时发生，或是发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，过去分词和主语或所修饰的词之间往往是被动关系，但有时无被动意义，只是表示一种状态或动作的完成，分词在句中可作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步等状语。

过去分词(短语)作状语

一、过去分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。过去分词作状语多放在句首，也可放在后面或插在中间。

❶Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.

由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)

❷When asked about her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.

当问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。(表时间)

❸Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.有些药如果误服的话可以使人丧命。(表条件)

❹Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)

❺The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)

❻The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head.

那个女孩过马路时出了事故，头部受了伤。(表结果)

微点拨　过去分词（短语）作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when， while， if， unless， though， even if等。

If well read， the book will give you much to think.,如果细心读的话，这本书会给你许多值得思考的东西。

When defeated， they withdrew into the valley.,被打败后，他们撤退到一座山谷里。

二、过去分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转换为并列分句。

❶Given a lot of money, he lived a better life.

→After he was given a lot of money, he lived a better life.给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。

❷The film star stepped out of the train, surrounded by her fans.

→The film star stepped out of the train and she was surrounded by her fans.

那位电影明星走下火车，被她的粉丝团团围住。

三、过去分词作状语需注意的几个问题：

1．过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

2．过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致

❶Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。

❷Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市显得更漂亮。

3．过去分词作状语时，有时可改为现在分词的被动完成式，二者都可表示一个被动、完成的动作

Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the plan was carried out at last.

在讨论了许多次之后，这个计划最终被执行了。

微点拨　（1）有些过去分词（短语）转换为形容词（短语），在句中作状语或说明主语所处的状态。如lost in， absorbed in， concerned about， seated in等。

Absorbed in deep thought， he didn't hear the sound.,因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。

(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，但有些过去分词已经转换为介词或连词，不再受此规则的限制。

She may come with us provided (that) she arrives in time.如果她及时到达，她可能会和我们一起来。

四、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别

过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。

巧学助记：分词作状语记忆口诀

分词作状语，主语是问题。

前后两动作，共用一主语。

主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动用-ing，被动用-ed。

❶Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系)

由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。

❷Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)

在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．We ________(批评) you because we wanted to help you, not in order to find fault with you.

2．Although it was an ________ (意外事件), we ensured that similar incidents did not happen again.

3．The player couldn't ________ (适应) to the training because of its complexity, so he gave up.

4．The head teacher criticized Richard, which made him very ________ (烦恼).

5．To my embarrassment, my parents have never ________ (原谅)me for my fault.

6．I feel it my ________ (责任) to pull my weight and help them out.

7．David was good at ________ (拳击) and was chosen as a boxer by accident.

8．He recognized his fault and ________ (确保) that he would never make the same mistake again.

9．________ (尴尬) is the feeling that you have when you are embarrassed.

10．There are two strategies to resolve that, but they will increase the ________ (复杂性) of the test.

Ⅱ.短语填空

look down on/upon, be prevented from, be annoyed with, adjust to, by accident, settle down, get along with, forgive...for..., criticize...for..., to one's embarrassment

1．You have to ____________ the new environment and get along well with your teammates.

2．____________， she couldn't remember the answer and was criticized by her teacher.

3．Jack was annoyed with Alice because she ____________ him.

4．As soon as they ____________， the travellers sent out a signal telling their parents not to be concerned about them.

5．—How ________ you ________ your boxing training?

—Quite well. We are sure to win the match.

6．They __________ by the manager __________ failing to do their duties.

7．If your teacher criticizes you, you shouldn't ____________ him or her.

8．Can some accidents ____________ happening by human beings?

9．To my further embarrassment, my girlfriend ____________ me ____________ my fault.

10．This fault occurred ____________. Therefore, we should not criticize him, but forgive him.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．—Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather?

—No. Rain or shine, the match will be held as ________ (schedule).

2．________ (design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesn't take up much room.

3．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.

4．________ (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong.

5．________ (give) another 10 days, we are sure to complete repairing the machine.

6．________ (fill) with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.

Ⅳ.用非谓语动词将下列复合句改为简单句

1．When they were asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.

→________________________________， the children all kept silent.

2．If we are united, we will make our life better.

→________， we will make our life better.

3．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.

→________________________ made by him, he works harder.

4．Although we were exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it.

→____________________， we went on with it.

Section Ⅱ　Using language

要点精研·探究学习

1．①annoyed　②annoying　③annoyed

2．①adjustment　②herself　③to　④having

3．①for　②Forgiven　③forgiveness

4．①embarrassed　②embarrassing　③embarrassment

④embarrassing　⑤embarrassed

5．①ensure that；make sure that　②To ensure food safety

6．①by　②by　③by

语法新知·对接课堂

二、

1．时间　2.原因　3.方式或伴随　4.条件　5.让步　6.连词

课时达标·随堂自测

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．criticized　2.accident　3.adjust　4.annoyed　5.forgiven　6.duty　7.boxing　8.ensured　9.Embarrassment　10.complexity

Ⅱ.短语填空

1．adjust to　2.To her embarrassment　3.looked down on/upon

4．settled down　5.are；getting along with　6.were criticized; for　7.be annoyed with　8.be prevented from　9.forgave; for　10.by accident

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．scheduled　2.Designed　3.applied　4.Considered

5．Given　6.Filled

Ⅳ.用非谓语动词将下列复合句改为简单句

1．Asked who had broken the vase　2.United　3.Encouraged by the progress　4.Exhausted by the hard work