【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题20 语法填空01-试卷

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语法填空重在语境中考查考生的语法和词汇综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空，这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。
在语法填空中，有提示词的题目最重要的考点就是动词的谓语、非谓语和词性转换，其它的考点还包括名词复数、代词形式、形容词比较级最高级、名词形容词词性转换等。其中谓语动词的时态、语态和非谓语形式是考查的难点。这里我们主要讲解无提示词的语法填空题。
一般情况下，一篇语法填空中应该包括3-4道无提示词的题目。对于这类题目，首先一定要明确题目要求：每个空格只能填一个词。然后是这类题目的考点，主要包括以下的三项：1、从句关系词或逻辑关系连词；2、介词本义或常用介词相关短语搭配；3、冠词对名词的限定作用。其中从句关系词和冠词是考查的难点，也是学生容易忽视的地方。无提示词的考查请看下表：
无提示词类：一般设置3个小题
虽然无提示词的设空不多，但恰恰是学生感到为难的地方。高中阶段，好多学生不太注重语法知识的学习，连基本的语法现象都弄不明白，分析句子结构很成问题，尤其是从句这一块，老是分不清句子中的从句属于哪一类从句。另外，定语从句中的that和同位语从句中的that的区别；that和which引导定语从句的区别；what能够引导的从句属于哪一种类型；状语从句虽然高考中涉猎不多，但也应该引起注意。下面是最近三年有关无提示词的考点统计：
近三年高考英语语法填空无提示词情况统计
考点解析与解题技巧：
考点一：冠词 (无提示词；名词之前）
考查语法点: 定冠词、不定冠词的用法。定冠词一般表特指或复指；不定冠词一般表泛指。
【解题技巧】
下列情况很可能填a/an。空后的词，如果是辅音音素开头，则用a；如果是元音音素开头，则用an。
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填the。定冠词有两个用法：表复指；表特指。
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ f等介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
考点二：介词 (1. 无提示词：注意搭配问题; 2. 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等; 3. 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语)
考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如：at, in, fr, frm, with, n, t, up等；合成介词，如：within, inside, nt, thrughut等；当然还有短语介词、双重介词等。
考点三：代词 (1.无提示词; 2.作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。 3. 指示代词(it和this)，不定代词，it用作引导词，反身代词等。)
考查语法点: 代词的基本用法。语法填空题中，有关代词的考点常常是：形容词性物主代词(包括its)、反身代词，代词宾格。
【解题技巧】因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
考点四：连词或从句引导词 (1.无提示词; 2.两个主谓结构连接)
考查并列连词和各类复合句中从属连、引导词的用法。连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词。若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, r等)还是某种主从复合句。英语中的从句分为三大类：名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句，在判断时学生应该根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个从属连词。
考点归纳
考点一：冠词
【题型诠释】
定冠词一般表特指或复指；不定冠词一般表泛指。
不定冠词一般表泛指。空后的词，如果是辅音音素开头，则用a；如果是元音音素开头，则用an。定冠词有两个用法：表复指；表特指。
【典例1】(2024上·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考阶段练习)
Recently, Guangzhu has successfully hsted the “Understanding China” Internatinal Cnference 2023, the 5th Wrld Media Summit, and ther significant events, nce again highlighting its rle as 1 windw fr the wrld t cmprehend China’s high-quality develpment. S, 2 Guangzhu? Let’s find ut.
3 (gain) a deeper understanding f China, ne must experience its histry and culture. With a histry f ver 2,000 years and a rich cultural heritage, Guangzhu ffers a variety f histrical and cultural 4 (treasure). In this city, yu can sip a cup f cffee while watching Cantnese pera in Yngqingfang r taste Cantnese dim sum while gazing at Western-style architecture n Shamian Island.
Ecnmy is anther crucial aspect in understanding China. In recent years, Guangzhu has 5 (active) participated in the Belt and Rad internatinal cperatin, gradually 6 (establish) a cmprehensive, multi-level, and wide-ranging pattern f pening-up. As a thusand-year-ld cmmercial city knwn fr the Cantn Fair, Guangzhu has drawn 7 (glbe) attentin with its pen genes and prsperus ecnmy.
Cnnecting with the wrld als requires a highly 8 (develp) transprtatin netwrk. Guangzhu has cnstructed a mdern three-dimensinal transprtatin system that links airprts, seaprts, railway prts, and digital prts, prviding easy access 9 bth dmestic and freign participants.
Guangzhu’s penness, inclusiveness, vitality, and innvative spirit make it an ideal chice fr hsting internatinal events, which, in turn, 10 (help) the ecnmic and scial develpment f the city.
【答案】1. a 2. why 3. T gain 4. treasures 5. actively 6. establishing 7. glbal 8. develped 9. fr 10. helps
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了广州凭借其2000多年的历史和丰富文化，积极开展“一带一路”合作，发展成为向世界展示中国高质量发展的窗口。
1. 考查冠词。句意：最近，广州成功举办了“了解中国”2023国际大会、第五届世界媒体峰会等重大活动，再次彰显了广州作为世界了解中国高质量发展窗口的作用。可数名词单数windw是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。windw的发音为辅音音素开头，故填a。
考点二：介词
【题型诠释】
介词的基本用法及惯用搭配。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如：at, in, fr, frm, with, n, t, up等；合成介词，如：within, inside, nt, thrughut等；当然还有短语介词、双重介词等。
介词填空属于列提示词。因为空白处只能填一词，因此动词搭配中的介词、单个介词的基本用法可能是考查的重点。短语介词、双重介词考查的可能性不太大。
【典例2】 (2023上·江苏南京·高三南京外国语学校校考开学考试)
The Grand Canal is the lngest and 1 (ld) canal in the wrld. It frms a vast inland waterway system in China, running frm the capital Beijing in the nrth 2 Zhejiang Prvince in the suth.
3 (cnstruct) in sectins frm the 5th century BCE and cmpleted and maintained by several 4 (dynasty), it frmed the backbne f China’s inland cmmunicatins system, which enabled the supply f rice 5 (feed) the ppulatin. The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, prviding an inland shipping netwrk cnsisting f mre than 2,000 km f artificial waterways, 6 linked five f the mst imprtant river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River. Still 7 majr means f internal cmmunicatin tday, it 8 (play) an imprtant rle in ensuring the prsperity (繁荣) and stability f China ver the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness t a remarkable and early develpment f hydraulic engineering (水利工程). It is an essential technlgical achievement 9 (date) frm befre the Industrial Revlutin. It is a perfect example f dealing with difficult natural cnditins, as is reflected in the many cnstructins that are 10 (full) adapted t the diversity and cmplexity f circumstances. It best demnstrates the technical capabilities f Eastern civilizatins.
【答案】11. ldest 12. t 13. Cnstructed 14. dynasties 15. t feed 16. which 17. a 18. has played 19. dating 20. fully
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了京杭大运河。
12. 考查介词。句意：它在中国形成了一个庞大的内河航道系统，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。分析句子可知，前文running frm...和t搭配，译为“从首都北京到浙江省”，答案为t。故填t。
考点三：代词
【题型诠释】
代词的基本用法。语法填空题中，有关代词的考点常常是：形容词性物主代词(包括its)、反身代词，代词宾格。
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
【典例3】(2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考一模)
Spken Chinese cnsisted f a number f Chinese dialects (方言) thrughut histry. In the Ming Dynasty, standard Mandarin was natinalized. Even s, 1 was nt until the Republic f China era in the 1910s that there were sme nticeable results in 2 (prmte) a cmmn unified language in China.
The ancient written standard was Classical Chinese and it was used fr thusands f years. Hwever, it 3 (reserve) mstly fr schlars and intellectuals. Only after the May 4th Mvement did the push fr Vernacular Chinese begin. This allwed cmmn 4 (citizen) t read since it was mdeled after the linguistics and phnlgy f a spken language.
Despite the difficulty in mastering it, Classical Chinese remains 5 (extreme) imprtant in the wrld heritage f languages. Classical Chinese’s birth is related 6 the beginning f astrnmy (天文学), the cnnectin with higher spirits thrugh divinatin (占卜) and the frmatin f several Bks f Changes, 7 mst famus being the ne f the Zhu Dynasty. Therefre, Chinese is packed with great meaning and 8 (wise). It is nt nly a cde r a tl, but a language 9 gives light and guidance when 10 (receive) in a prper way. Classical Chinese has been the cultural backbne f all the great philsphies, spiritualities, and even arts nt just in China but all ver Asia.
【答案】1. it 2. prmting 3. was reserved 4. citizens 5. extremely 6. t 7. the 8. wisdm 9. that/which 10. received
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了汉语的演变及其重要性。
1. 考查代词。句意：尽管如此，直到20世纪10年代的民国时期，在中国推广统一语言方面才取得了一些显著的成果。It was nt until… that…是强调句型，意为“直到……才……”。故填it。
考点四：连词及从句引导词
【题型诠释】
考查并列连词和各类复合句中从属连、引导词的用法。常见的并列连词有：and; r; but; while; hwever, s, fr, therwise, bth ... and ...; nt nly ... but als ...; neither ... ; either ... r ...。从目前高考题来看，and; r; but考查的频率较高，当然其它词也有涉及。常见的连接词有：定语从句的引导词：关系代词：that / which / wh / whm / whse / as关系副词：when; where; why等。名词性从句：that; if; whether; what; when; where; why等。状语从句：if; when; where; why; until; unless; befre; after等。
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。
【典例4】(2023上·江苏泰州·高三江苏省兴化中学校联考阶段练习)
Celebrating traditin: The enchanting Mute Festival f Qixuan village
Qixuan village, a remte Yi village lcated deep in the 1 (east) muntains f Xiangyun cunty, Yunnan prvince, hsts an extrardinary “Mute Festival” every year n the eighth day f the Chinese Lunar new year. This event shws respect fr their ancestrs and seeks blessings fr a prsperus year ahead.
This age-ld traditin 2 (exist) fr centuries, rted in lcal custms and a tuching legend f a mute wman wh saved the village frm drught and 3 (starve) thrugh her sacrifice. Over time, the festival has evlved frm a simple traditin int a well-rganized celebratin.
During the festival, visitrs can nt help but ntice the careful preparatins 4 (undertake) by the villagers. 5 (suffer) a three-year epidemic, they remain cmmitment t a jyful life and the preservatin f traditin. They 6 (diligent) arrange fd, drinks, decratins, and gifts, sticking t age-ld practices.
7 the chilly muntain winds, bth enthusiastic villagers and visitrs thrive. When the Mute parade reaches the square, the striking mute dance will begin. With 8 diverse range f dance frms, the perfrmance is raw, natural, and free-spirited.
One f the mst striking mments is 9 the lead dancer, the Great Mute, initiates his dance, the entire village synchrnize (同时发生) their mvements. This unified rhythm mirrrs the heartbeat f the land and its cherished traditins 10 reveals the timeless beauty f traditinal culture in ur ever-changing wrld.
【答案】1. eastern 2. has existed 3. starvatin 4. undertaken 5. Having suffered 6. diligently 7. Despite 8. a 9. when 10. and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了云南省彝族奇轩村哑巴节的盛况。
9. 考查连词。句意：最引人注目的时刻之一是，当领舞者“大哑巴”开始跳舞时，整个村庄的人都跟着跳舞。根据句意可知，当领舞者开始跳舞时，整个村庄的人都随之跳舞，表示“当……时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
10. 考查连词。句意：这种统一的节奏反映了这片土地的心跳，其珍贵的传统在我们不断变化的世界中揭示了传统文化的永恒之美。分析句子结构可知，“mirrrs the heartbeat f the land and its cherished traditins”和“reveals the timeless beauty f traditinal culture in ur ever-changing wrld”是并列关系，故填并列连词and。故填and。
高考练场
考点一：冠词
(2023•新高考全国卷I)
Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, 56 (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether 57 (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. Shanghai may be the 59 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace. There yu will find them prepared differently- mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rlled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 61 (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f 62 (they) cntents. The meat shuld be fresh with 63 tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is 64 (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left 65 (want) mre next time.
考点二：介词
(2023•新高考全国卷II)
Whenever I tell peple that I teach English at the Berlin Z, I almst always get a questining lk. Behind it, the persn is trying t figure ut wh exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right befre the 56 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and 57 (cnfidence) speaking English. And wh d they speak English 58 ?
Nt the pandas, even thugh 59 language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English. They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t 60 (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China. They als need t be ready t give 61 (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is 62 they need an English trainer.
S, what are they learning? 63 (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life. It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp 64 t see the pandas settle int their new hme. As a little girl, I 65 (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. Nw, I’m living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.
考点三：代词
(2022•新高考全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially 61 the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019. T celebrate 62 festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety 63 (address) the pening ceremny. “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the 64 (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a 65 (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a 66 (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin 67 cultural exchanges. A fur-year tea prmtin—Tea Rad Cperative Plan—was als issued in accrdance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny, pening 70 (it) first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
考点四：连词及从句引导词
(2021•新高考全国II卷)
I’ve always lved the cean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia. I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57 (think) it is fd.
I decided t d smething 58 (educate) peple abut this prblem. I held presentatins at schls t teach kids abut plastic waste. I wanted t reach businesses t. I decided that if I learned f a cmpany 59 used a lt f plastic, I’d send it an email urging it t cut back.
One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany 60 emailed its president. I tld him hw 61 (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins. I was s 62 (excite) when he wrte back t me. He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I’d send an email.One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t 63 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A cmpany 64 (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver 65 plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
名校模拟
(1)
(2023上·江苏盐城·高三盐城市田家炳中学校联考阶段练习) The mment Jiang Mengnan received the Tuching China Persn f the Year Award fr 2021, she said thrilledly she mst wanted t express her 1 (grateful) t her parents. Brn in 1992, Jiang’s wrld has been silent since she was 6 mnths ld, because the drugs irreparably 2 (cnsume) her hearing. S, Jiang’s parents, bth middle schl teachers, tutred her t learn vcalizatin and lip reading. She 3 (accept) as a PhD candidate at Tsinghua University’s Schl f Life Sciences in 2018.
Jiang’s stry is ne f victry ver adversity. Mre 4 (incredible), she is helping inspire disabled children in her native Hunan Prvince. Because f her hearing 5 (lse), she culdn’t be a dctr. 6 , she chses pharmacy (药剂学) t help reduce peple’s pain and assist their recvery. Anther crucial way she sticks t 7 (be) t teach children in similar situatins nt limited by their disability. Jiang visits students in the special educatin schls, many f 8 were inspired t d their best t achieve as much as a s-called healthy persn.
She stressed that peple with disabilities have n need t feel discuraged, as they can d the same r even 9 (gd) in the their nrmal life than nn-disabled peple arund them. When Gd clses a dr, he pens a windw, and this girl believes 10 she encunters all the way is an impressive gift.
(2)
(2023上·江苏南京·高三南京外国语学校校考期中) The nce-islated village f Xiazhuang, 1 (lcate) in the muntainus Wushan cunty f Chngqing tday attracts a steady stream f visitrs 2 are keen t take in the area’s breathtaking natural beauty and sample the lcal specialties.
The village’s 3 (transfrm) began in 1997, when residents rallied under the leadership f Ma Xianglin, Party secretary f Xiazhuang, 4 (build) an 8-kilmeter rad 5 (pass) the surrunding sheer cliffs that made access t the utside wrld extremely difficult.
The prject tk seven years and six peple died 6 building the rad, but 7 its cmpletin a new wrld f pssibilities pened up.
The village didn’t waste its newfund access and built mre infrastructure t make life 8 (easy) fr residents and attract curius visitrs frm utside.
In 2021, the village achieved 9 significant milestne, generating 1 millin yuan ($137,000) in revenue frm citrus sales. Ma Xianglin is prud f the change. He said that it was his dream t lift his cmmunity ut f pverty and pave the way fr prsperity, and that dream 10 (becme) a reality.
(3)
(2023上·江苏南通·高三海安高级中学校考期中) As ne f the eight great cuisines f China, Hangzhu dishes are nted fr their unique characteristics. A trip t Hangzhu isn’t cmplete 1 trying sme f its specialty dishes. Here are a few must-try meals, each f which has an age-ld stry.
Dngp Prk (东坡肉)
Dngp Prk was named after Sng Dynasty (960-1279) pet and fficial, Su Dngp. When Su was exiled (流放) t Hangzhu, he initiated a thrugh dredging (清淤) f West Lake, 2 benefits were immediate and clear fr the lcals. T express their 3 (grateful), they gifted Su a lt f prk. Su added his wn twist t the traditinal prcess f cking prk belly. He distributed the dish t thse wh wrked n the prject and it became widely 4 (favr).
West Lake Carp in Vinegar Gravy (西湖醋鱼)
Legend has 5 that tw brthers lived in Hangzhu. The elder brther was murdered. And the yunger brther was frced int exile 6 (tragic). During his farewell dinner, his recently widwed sister-in-law cked a dish that was bth sweet and sur, implying the yunger brther shuld “nt frget the sur amid the sweet”. The yung man later returned t Hangzhu as a high-ranking fficial, avenged (报仇) his brther’s murder and 7 (seek) ut his sister-in-law. Since then, the dish 8 (hand) dwn frm generatin t generatin.
Sister Sng’s Fish Sup (宋嫂鱼羹)
During the Sng Dynasty, a wman nicknamed Sister Sng 9 (settle) dwn alngside West Lake and made a living selling fish sup. During a trip t West Lake, Emperr Gazng tasted her fish sup and spke highly f it. The sup’s reputatin spread far and wide, and it became a 10 (call) card fr the city.
(4)
(2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测) Accrding t data frm peple.cn, Chinese hanfu cnsumers was ver 2 millin in 2018. A recent reprt estimates that by the end f this year, 1 number f peple using hanfu prducts in China will reach 6.89 millin, with ttal sales expected 2 (add) up t 10.16 billin yuan.
Why has the traditinal clthing made a cmeback in recent years?
Fr Qingzhi, a law student frm Cmmunicatin University f China, wearing hanfu t class every day gives her 3 (inspire). Qingzhi said she liked t explre varius utfits within her hanfu cllectin. By matching the clthing 4 mdern accessries (配饰), she can find a unique lk.
Unlike Qingzhi, Wan Yue, a mther f tw, became a hanfu 5 (enthusiasm) fr the sense f cmmunity. As smene 6 (belng) t the Han ethnic grup, she has always been eager t wear clthing 7 is representative f her cmmunity.
With the rapid develpment f China’s ecnmy, peple 8 (gain) mre cultural self-cnfidence in recent years, and attentin is shifting t the refreshment f 9 (natin) culture,” China Tday nted. As a symbl f Chinese aesthetics (美学), hanfu cntributes t 10 (quiet) mtivating a re-emerging Chinese fashin style.
(5)
(2023上·浙江温州·高三温州中学校考阶段练习) China’s tp liqur maker Kweichw Mutai and dmestic cffee chain Luckin Cffee have gt a hit n their hands, with a new baijiu-flavred latte. The latte has becme ne f the mst discussed tpics n Chinese scial media with peple curius abut 1 traditinal Chinese liqur wuld taste with cffee.
In Beijijng, the Mutai-flavred latte sld ut in sme Luckin Cffee 2 (shp) befre midday. And many had t clse their nline rdering system as rders increased.
“It seems that peple prefer 3 (ice) latte, s we quickly used up the ice. The number f rders is scary,” said a barista surnamed Zhang. She als said she had n chice 4 t stp the nline rdering system 5 (temprary) at arund 1:30 pm because there were mre than 200 rders still t be cmpleted.
Peple have been sharing their reactins after trying the latte n scial media, with mst 6 (agree) that the arma f the baijiu is very strng. Sme wndered whether they wuld be allwed t drive after drinking the latte. 7 respnse, Luckin Cffee stated that children, pregnant wmen, drivers and thse wh are allergic t alchl are advised nt 8 (rder) the drink.
In recent years, Mutai has been lking fr ways t be mre 9 (access) and pull in a new generatin f users, said Zhu Danpeng, 10 fd and drink expert.
参考答案与解析
(1)答案1. gratitude 2. cnsumed 3. was accepted 4. incredibly 5. lss 6. Instead 7. is 8. whm 9. better 10. what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲江梦南获得了2021年感动中国奖并介绍了她坎坷的个人经历以及她如何凭借决心和毅力取得成功的。
1. 考查名词。句意：江梦南在获得2021年度感动中国人物奖的那一刻，激动地说，她最想表达对父母的感激之情。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，gratitude表“感激”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填gratitude。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：出生于1992年的江，从6个月大起，她的世界就沉寂了下来，因为药物无可挽回地消耗了她的听力。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，the drugs 与cnsume为主动关系，且由后文可知，这里时态也应用一般过去时。故填cnsumed。
3. 考查动词语态。句意：她于2018年被清华大学生命科学学院博士生录取。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，She和accept为被动关系，且由in 2018可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was accepted。
4. 考查副词。句意：更令人难以置信的是，她正在帮助激励家乡湖南省的残疾儿童。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，作状语，修饰后面句子。故填incredibly。
5. 考查名词。句意：由于听力损失，她不能当医生。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，lss表“损失”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填lss。
6. 考查副词。句意：相反，她选择了药房来帮助减轻人们的疼痛并帮助他们康复。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，再由句意可知，此空应填instead，表“相反”，符合句意，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Instead。
7. 考查主谓一致。句意：她坚持的另一个关键方法是教育处于类似情况的孩子，不受他们残疾的限制。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，时态与前面保持一致用一般现在时，且本句主语为Anther crucial way，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：江参观了特殊教育学校的学生，他们中的许多人受到启发，要尽自己最大的努力，成为一个所谓的健康人。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为students，为人，关系词在从句中作介词后宾语，应用关系代词whm。故填whm。
9. 考查形容词比较级。句意：她强调，残疾人不必感到气馁，因为他们在正常生活中可以做得和周围的非残疾人一样，甚至更好。分析句子可知，副词even后应用形容词比较级。故填better。
10. 考查主语从句。句意：当上帝关上一扇门，打开一扇窗，这个女孩相信她一路走来所遇到的是一份令人印象深刻的礼物。分析句子可知，这里考查主语从句，从句中缺宾语，由句意可知，应用连接代词what，指代“她遇到的事情”。故填what。
(2)答案1. lcated 2. wh 3. transfrmatin 4. t build 5. passing 6. while 7. upn 8. easier 9. a 10. has becme
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了重庆巫山县的下庄村在村支书记毛相林的带领下，建成了一条便于出行的公路，从而改善了当地的经济和交通。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：位于重庆巫山县的下庄村曾经与世隔绝，如今却吸引了源源不断的游客，他们热衷于欣赏该地区令人叹为观止的自然美景，品尝当地特色美食。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰village f Xiazhuang，village f Xiazhuang和lcate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填lcated。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：位于重庆巫山县的下庄村曾经与世隔绝，如今却吸引了源源不断的游客，他们热衷于欣赏该地区令人叹为观止的自然美景，品尝当地特色美食。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词wh引导的定语从句，先行词为visitrs，引导词替代先行词在从句中作主语。故填wh。
3. 考查名词。句意：该村的转型始于1997年，当时村民们在下庄村村支书记毛相林的领导下团结起来，修建了一条8公里长的公路，穿过周围陡峭的悬崖，该陡峭的悬崖使通往外部世界变得极其困难。由空前village’s为名词所有格可知，此处为名词形式。故填transfrmatin。
4. 考查动词不定式。句意：该村的转型始于1997年，当时村民们在下庄村村支书记毛相林的领导下团结起来，修建了一条8公里长的公路，穿过周围陡峭的悬崖，该陡峭的悬崖使通往外部世界变得极其困难。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式t d表示“为了……”，满足句意要求。故填t build。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该村的转型始于1997年，当时村民们在下庄村村支书记毛相林的领导下团结起来，修建了一条8公里长的公路，穿过周围陡峭的悬崖，该陡峭的悬崖使通往外部世界变得极其困难。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰rad，rad和pass为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填passing。
6. 考查连词。句意：这个项目花了7年时间，6人在修建道路的过程中丧生，但在它完成后，一个新的可能性世界打开了。分析句子可知，此处为连词while表示“在……期间”，满足句意要求。故填while。
7. 考查介词。句意：这个项目花了7年时间，6人在修建道路的过程中丧生，但它一经完工，一个新的可能性世界就打开了。分析句子可知，此处为介词upn“一……就”，构成介词短语upn cmpletin，满足句意要求。故填upn。
8. 考查形容词比较级。句意：村子没有浪费这条新通道，而是修建了更多的基础设施，让居民的生活更方便，并吸引了好奇的外部游客。根据句意以及该句中的mre infrastructure可知，此处为形容词比较级easier“更容易”，满足句意要求，和前面的mre infrastructure形成呼应。故填easier。
9. 考查冠词。句意：2021年，该村实现了一个重要的里程碑，从柑橘销售中获得了100万元（13.7万美元）的收入。根据句意以及空后significant milestne为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个重要的里程碑”，为泛指概念，结合significant为首音节辅音单词，所以填入不定冠词a。故填a。
10. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他说，他的梦想是让他的社区摆脱贫困，为繁荣铺平道路，这个梦想已经成为现实。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上下文语境可知，此处应表示“梦想已经成为现实”为已经完成的动作，所以此处为现在完成时，dream为第三人称单数，为has dne。故填has becme。
(3)答案1. withut 2. whse 3. gratitude 4. favred 5. it 6. tragically 7. sught 8. has been handed 9. settled 10. calling
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杭州的美食文化，特别介绍了当地的几种特色菜肴和与其相关的故事传说。包括东坡肉、西湖醋鱼、宋嫂鱼羹等。
1. 考查介词。句意：不吃杭州的特色菜，你的杭州之行就不算完整。分析句子，根据后文的动名词可知设空处使用介词。根据句意，表示“没有尝试特色的杭州菜”用介词withut。故填withut。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：当苏被流放到杭州时，他开始对西湖进行彻底的疏浚，这对当地人来说是立竿见影的。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，指代前文“西湖疏浚的益处”即表示所属关系。故填whse。
3. 考查名词。句意：为了表达他们的感激之情，他们送给苏很多猪肉。分析句子，设空处使用grateful的名词gratitude作宾语，意为“感激”。故填gratitude。
4. 考查形容词。句意：他把这道菜分发给参与工程的人，广受喜爱。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，favred意为“备受喜爱的”。故填favred。
5. 考查代词。句意：相传有两兄弟住在杭州。分析句子，设空处使用代词作宾语。句中Legend has it that…为固定短语，以为“相传……”。故填it。
6. 考查副词。句意：弟弟也不幸被流放。分析句子，设空处使用tragic的tragically副词作状语，意为“不幸地”。故填tragically。
7. 考查动词。句意：这个年轻人后来回到杭州当上了高官，为他杀了他的兄弟报仇，并找到了他的嫂子。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的returned可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填sught。
8. 考查动词。句意：从那时起，这道菜就代代相传。分析句子，句中since then为现在完成时时间标志，同时dish与hand之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been handed。
9. 考查动词。句意：宋朝时，一位昵称为宋姐的女子在西湖边定居下来，靠卖鱼汤为生。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。根据前文的During the Sng Dynasty以及句意可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填settled。
10. 考查固定短语。句意：这道汤名声远扬，成为了这座城市的名片。分析句子，设空处使用名词短语作表语。表示“名片”用calling card。故填calling。
(4)答案1. the 2. t add 3. inspiratin 4. with 5. enthusiast 6. belnging 7. that/which 8. have gained 9. natinal 10. quietly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。现在许多年轻人喜欢汉服。汉服文化的兴起实际上是中国传统文化兴起的一个侧面。年轻人通过对汉服的了解，增强了对传统文化的认知，进而产生文化自信，促进中国传统文化的复兴。
1. 考查固定短语。句意：最近的一份报告估计，到今年年底，中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万，总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。固定短语the number f (……数量)。故填the。
2. 考查不定式。句意：最近的一份报告估计，到今年年底，中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万，总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。固定短语be expected t d sth. (被期望/预计做某事)，add用不定式形式，with复合结构，expected t add up t 10.16 billin yuan是过去分词短语作宾补。故填t add。
3. 考查名词。句意：对于来自中国传媒大学的法律系学生清芝来说，每天穿着汉服上课给了她灵感。在形容词性物主代词her后，用不可数名词inspiratin作动词gives的宾语。故填inspiratin。
4. 考查固定短语。句意：通过将衣服与现代配饰搭配，她可以找到一种独特的外观。固定短语match…with… (使……与……相配)。故填with。
5. 考查名词。句意：与清芝不同的是，作为两个孩子的母亲，万悦成为了一名追求社区感的汉服爱好者。结合语义和不定冠词a，用单数名词enthusiast (爱好者)作表语。故填enthusiast。
6. 考查现在分词。句意：作为一个汉族人，她一直渴望穿上能代表她所在社区的衣服。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词短语，belng t无被动形式，用其现在分词形式作后置定语，修饰复合不定代词smene。故填belnging。
7. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：作为一个汉族人，她一直渴望穿上能代表她所在社区的衣服。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是clthing，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
8. 考查时态。句意：随着中国经济的快速发展，近年来人们获得了更多的文化自信，人们的注意力正在转移到振兴民族文化上，”《今日中国》指出。设空处在句中作谓语，结合时间状语in recent years，此处表示过去所做的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为peple，助动词用have。故填have gained。
9. 考查形容词。句意：随着中国经济的快速发展，近年来人们获得了更多的文化自信，人们的注意力正在转移到振兴民族文化上，”《今日中国》指出。设空处应为形容词natinal作定语，修饰名词culture。故填natinal。
10. 考查副词。句意：作为中国美学的象征，汉服有助于悄然激发一种重新崛起的中国时尚风格。设空处应用副词quietly作状语修饰动词mtivating。故填quietly。
(5)答案1. hw 2. shps 3. iced 4. but 5. temprarily 6. agreeing 7. In 8. t rder 9. accessible 10. a
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了贵州茅台和瑞幸咖啡联手推出的带有茅台味道的咖啡，以及人们对它的反应。
1. 考查宾语从句。句意：拿铁已经成为中国社交媒体上讨论最多的话题之一，人们对传统的中国白酒和咖啡搭配起来会是什么味道感到好奇。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，所以应用连接副词hw引导，意为“如何”。故填hw。
2. 考查名词复数形式。句意：在北京，一些瑞幸咖啡店的茅台风味拿铁在中午之前就卖光了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词作宾语，shp意为“商店”，是可数名词，sme后接可数名词复数形式。故填shps。
3. 考查形容词。句意：人们似乎更喜欢冰拿铁，所以我们很快就把冰用光了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作定语， ice 意为“冰”，是名词，其形容词是 iced ，意为“冰的”，符合题意。故填iced。
4. 考查固定搭配。句意：她还表示，她别无选择，只能在下午1:30左右暂时停止在线订购系统，因为还有200多个订单尚未完成。have n chice but t d sth。意为“别无选择只能做某事”，是固定搭配。故填but。
5. 考查副词。句意：她还表示，她别无选择，只能在下午1:30左右暂时停止在线订购系统，因为还有200多个订单尚未完成。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少副词修饰动词stp， temprary意为“暂时的”，是形容词，其副词是temprarily。故填temprarily。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们在社交媒体上分享了他们品尝这款拿铁后的反应，大多数人都认为这款白酒的香气非常浓郁。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非谓语动词作状语，mst 和agree之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填agreeing。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：作为回应，瑞幸咖啡表示，儿童、孕妇、酒鬼和对酒精过敏的人不应该点这种饮料。此处为in respnse 意为“作为回应”，是固定搭配。故填In。
8. 考查动词不定式。句意：作为回应，瑞幸咖啡表示，儿童、孕妇、酒鬼和对酒精过敏的人不应该点这种饮料。分析句子可知，此处为advise sb nt t d sth。意为“建议某人不要做某事”，是固定搭配，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填t rder。
9. 考查形容词。句意：近年来，茅台一直在寻找更多的方式来吸引年轻的用户，食品和饮料专家朱丹鹏说。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作表语，access意为“接近”，是动词，其形容词是accessible，意为“可得到的”，符合题意。故填accessible。
10. 考查冠词。句意：近年来，茅台一直在寻找更多的方式来吸引年轻的用户，食品和饮料专家朱丹鹏说。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少冠词修饰expert，此处泛指“一位专家”，所以用不定冠词，且fd以辅音音素开头。故填a。
年份
卷别
体裁
话题
短文词数
谓语动词
非谓语动词
词性转换
名词
代词
比较级
冠词
介词
连词
副词
限定词
2023
新高考I卷
说明文
中国美食—小笼包
207
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
新高考II卷
记叙文
实现动物园饲养员梦想
206
1
1
0
2
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
全国甲卷
说明文
寓言的价值
208
1
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
全国乙卷
说明文
拍摄北京风貌
243
2
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
2022
新高考I卷
说明文
建立熊猫国家公园计划
113
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
新高考II卷
记叙文
修车师傅救人
115
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
全国甲卷
记叙文
徒步旅行
230
1
3
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
全国乙卷
说明文
首个国家茶日
230
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
2021
新高考I卷
记叙文
游览黄山
201
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
新高考II卷
记叙文
减少塑料垃圾
192
1
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
全国甲卷
记叙文
游览西安
176
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
全国乙卷
说明文
生态旅游
198
0
2
3
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2020
全国I卷
说明文
探月
210
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
全国II卷
说明文
新年装饰物
205
1
3
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
全国II卷
记叙文
自然母亲
229
2
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
新高考I 卷
说明文
博物馆知识
204
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
高频考点
介词
0-1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词
0-1题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属连词
0-2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。
低频考点
并列连词
0-1题：并列句的连词也偶有涉及。
其它
0-1题：包括助动词（如强调谓语动词的d, des, did；构成部分倒装的d, des, did；构成一般疑问句的d, des, did），构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(befre, ag, hwever, anyway ...)等。
年份
卷型
题型
2023年
2022年
2021年
I卷
II卷
I卷
II卷
I卷
II卷
合计
介词
1
1
2
冠词
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
从属连词
1
1
1
1
1
5
并列连词
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
其它