【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题20 语法填空02-试卷

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语法填空重在语境中考查考生的语法和词汇综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空，这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。
在语法填空中，有提示词的题目最重要的考点就是动词的谓语、非谓语和词性转换，其它的考点还包括名词复数、代词形式、形容词比较级最高级、名词形容词词性转换等。其中谓语动词的时态、语态和非谓语形式是考查的难点。这里我们主要讲解有提示词的语法填空题。
自2013年起，以往的多项选择题改成了现在的语法填空。有提示词的语法填空题，通常可以通过词性转换和词形变化得出答案，一般每年考查6-7道题。它包括动词时态、语态、非谓语形式变化；动词变名词、形容词；名词变复数；形容词和副词的互变、比较级和最高级的变化。
解题步骤
一般来说，解题步骤为：1. 通读全文，理解大意；2. 确定固定搭配，使句子前后连贯；3. 分析句子结构或分析语义确定所填词汇；4. 语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理。
语法填空考点分布
1.有提示词类：一般设置6-7个小题
下面是近5年高考英语全国卷语法填空题中有提示词题的统计表：
考点归纳
考点一：谓语动词的时态的确定
【题型诠释】
高考语法填空最常考的时态是一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时，但单独考查时态的题型不多，它同时会和语态、主谓一致一起进行考查，最多只考两个考点。
识别时态标识词：(1)一般过去时的标识词：yesterday, last year (week, mnth), just then, in 2018, tw days ag等；(2)一般现在时的标识词：ften, usually, always, smetimes, every day (week, mnth)等；(3)现在完成时的标识词：since, recently, lately, in the past/last few years, s far, until nw, already (肯定), yet (否定, 疑问), just, still, in recent years；fr＋时间段等。
三种填谓语动词的情况：①主语+缺谓语( +宾语、状语）；②主句+ that/what等连词+主语+缺谓语( +宾语、状语）；③并列分句(不缺成分) +并列连词(and, but, r等) +主语+缺谓语( +宾语、状语）。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
【典例1】(2024上·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考阶段练习)
Huawei, which has endured years f US sanctins, 1 (surprise) the wrld n Aug 29, with an unadvertised annuncement -the launch f its latest high-end smartphne, the Mate 60 Pr, 2 (price) at 6,999 yuan ($964). This strategic mve, devid f pre-release marketing, triggered an instant sensatin, especially within China. 3 September 1, nearly 800,000 units f the Huawei Mate 60 Pr had either been sld r pre-rdered. The Mate 60 Pr 4 (hail) as a 5G smartphne with entirely independent intellectual prperty rights, 5 (prmpt) questins abut the effectiveness f 6 US-led glbal campaign t hinder (阻碍) China’s advancement in cutting-edge technlgy. Readers share their pinins.
Steve
Cngratulatins t Huawei and all the engineers 7 have been wrking hard in semi-cnductr areas! Huawei is a warrir wh can’t be beaten t death. The US, time t wake up! Yur sanctins have been a ttal failure!
Brett
Huawei withstd strict sanctins frm the US gvt. and nw able t prduce their wn 5G phnes, a great victry! 8 des nt kill yu will make yu strnger!
Jessica
Withut US sanctins, Chinese cmpanies may nt have been inspired t develp the self-reliant capabilities they have achieved tday. Cngratulatins t China and the Chinese peple fr this significant 9 (accmplish)! US cmpanies will gradually lse China’s market due t its pliticians’ catastrphic plicies and decisins!
Rick
Shrtly befre her visit t China, the US Cmmerce Secretary Raymnd had said that the US wuld ‘cnsider’ lifting sanctins n China in exchange fr China giving up its wn research and develpment effrts in advanced 10 (technlgy). Irnically, n the very day f her arrival in Shanghai, Huawei released Mate 60 Pr, which can be seen as a resunding rebuttal t US sanctins and a significant challenge t the Secretary’s psitin. It might be fitting t cnsider sending a Huawei Mate 60 Pr as a parting gift t Secretary Raymnd.
【答案】1. surprised 2. priced 3. By 4. was hailed 5. prmpting 6. a 7. wh/that 8. What 9. accmplishment 10. technlgies
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了8月29日，遭受美国多年制裁的华为发布了一份未经宣传的公告，震惊了世界——发布了其最新的高端智能手机Mate 60 Pr，售价为6999元人民币（964美元）。文章还列举了读者不同看法。
1. 考查时态。句意：8月29日，遭受美国多年制裁的华为发布了一份未经宣传的公告，震惊了世界——发布了其最新的高端智能手机Mate 60 Pr，售价为69元人民币（964美元）。surprise(让……惊讶)此处作谓语，根据后文n Aug 29可知为一般过去时。故填surprised。
4. 考查时态语态。句意：Mate 60 Pr被誉为拥有完全自主知识产权的5G智能手机，这引发了人们对美国领导的阻碍中国在尖端技术领域进步的全球运动的有效性的质疑。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合语境可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为The Mate 60 Pr，谓语用单数。故填was hailed。
考点二：非谓语动词类填空的解答策略
【题型诠释】
非谓语动词包括动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式三种形式。填空时，还应该考虑其时态和语态形式。它是高考中的必考点，也是高中学习的难点，值得学生好好把握用法。
如何判断主被动？逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系（或称主动关系）时，用v.－ing形式；如果是动宾关系（或称被动关系）时用 v. －ed形式。如何判断时间先后？非谓语动词表示主动、正在进行，用 v. －ing形式，有时同时表主动进行，有时仅表主动、仅表进行；表示已经完成、被动的动作，用 v. －ed形式，有时同时表被动完成，有时仅表被动、仅表完成；表示将来发生的动作或动作的全过程，用不定式t d形式。
【典例2】(2023下·湖北随州·高三荆门市龙泉中学校联考阶段练习)
Recently, China set up The Senirs University f China (SUC), a natinal university fr lder peple. SUC, 1 prvides students with skill training, cultural inheritance educatin, scial services, 2 (science) research and internatinal exchanges, ffers bth nline and ffline teaching activities fr lder peple natinwide.
Elderly peple in China will have the pprtunity 3 (cntinue) their educatin at a natinal-level university frm the 2023 spring semester and nwards.
The 4 (establish) f SUC is a cncrete measure t address the issue f the aging ppulatin in China and an imprtant milestne in the develpment f educatin fr 5 elderly, said China’s Minister f Educatin Huaijinpeng at the inauguratin (成立) ceremny.
The ageing f China s ppulatin is becming increasing evident, with the number f peple aged 60 r abve 6 (expect) t reach 300 millin by 2025.
Back in 2000, China’s aging ppulatin reached 7% f its ttal ppulatin, making it 7 (fficial) an aging sciety. Ever since then, China 8 (intrduce) a series f measures t braden senir citizens’ access 9 educatin.
Accrding t 10 was released by China’s State Cuncil in August last year, the cuntry aims t establish at least ne university fr elderly peple in every cunty-level regin by 2025.
【答案】1. which 2. scientific 3. t cntinue 4. establishment 5. the 6. expected 7. fficially 8. has intrduced 9. t 10. what
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是随着老龄化的出现，中国成立老年人大学为老年人提供受教育的机会。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从2023年春季学期起，中国的老年人将有机会在国家级大学继续接受教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，修饰pprtunity应使用不定式形式，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填t cntinue。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：预计到2025年，中国60岁以上人口将达到3亿人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处非谓语动词作宾补，expect与逻辑主语the number f peple aged 60 r abve之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填expected。
考点三：形容词、副词的确定
【题型诠释】
如果提示词是形容词，那么我们就应该首先考虑填副词形式，其次是比较级或最高级，有时还要注意加上否定前缀。也有可能将它变为名词，这时要注意是可数名词，还是不可数名词，如果是可数名词，应该考虑单复数的问题。
形容词变为副词时，要注意方法：一般形容词直接加-ly；以-ble, -ple结尾的形容词，则是去e再加-y；另外记住三个特殊词：gentle, true, whle，它们分别变为gently, truly, whlly。
比较级和最高级的变化规则也要注意。注意单音节词、双音节词和多音节词的变化。
变为名词时，要注意不同后缀的添加。
【典例3】(2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测)
As the sun begins t set, the arma f sizzling meat falls the air and draws in mre 1 (hunger) custmers. On each street, queues stretch utside restaurants fr mre than a hundred meters. Sme restaurants even run ut f key ingredients as early as 7 p.m. 2 the night. All htels are als perating at full capacity.
The city was barely knwn by utsiders 3 it went viral n Chinese scial media platfrms recently. Mst visitrs are yung peple, wh share their experience f traveling t Zib t experience the city’s barbecue culture n scial platfrms, 4 (attract) even mre visitrs.
Zib-style barbecue’s classic three-piece set cntains rast lamb, green nins, and nan bread, which, 5 (cmbine), make a muth-watering cmb (组合). The fame f Zib barbecue used t be limited t just Shandng Prvince. 6 (previus), barbecue in Nrtheast China was much mre ppular acrss the cuntry.
Behind Zib’s sudden fame 7 (be) the effrts and services f the lcal gvernment, as well as a gd reputatin f lcal businesses, 8 receive favrable reviews frm visitrs wh share their experiences nline.
T prmte Zib-style barbecue, Zib has launched tw dzen “special barbecue trains,” where lcal turism fficials wuld serve turists 9 (they). At the city’s train statin, shuttle buses transprt turists t varius barbecue stalls directly. Netizens jke that the high-speed trains 10 (pack) with visiting turists and that the air nbard is filled with cumin.
【答案】1. hungry 2. in 3. befre/until 4. attracting 5. cmbined 6. Previusly 7. are 8. which 9. themselves 10. are packed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要对淄博的走红进行了相关介绍。
6. 考查副词。句意：以前，东北地区的烧烤在全国更受欢迎。副词previusly做状语修饰句子，首字母大写，故填Previusly。
考点四：名词的确定
【题型诠释】
名词该如何确定呢？可能提示词是动词、形容词，一定要根据上下文来判断是否该使用名词。如果提示词是名词，根据此空的要求，可能要考虑填名词的复数形式，或其它形式。
(1)确定此空填名词时，应该考虑用什么样的后缀、单复数形式。
(2)另外还要注意一些特殊的变化形式。如medium--media; bacterium--bacteria; phenmenn--phenmena; analysis--analyses, etc.
【典例4】(2022上·浙江杭州·高三浙江省杭州第二中学校考阶段练习)
Cld Dew, the 17th slar term f the year, begins this year n Oct 8 and ends n Oct 22. At this time, there are sme interesting 1 (phenmenn) yu need t knw.
Nt nly 2 temperatures drp significantly, but als rainfall is reduced. When the cld air encunters autumn rain, it turns int misty rain r fg. When the humidity is high, 3 (fg) regins frm in many areas f China.
Peple always say that fishing in shallw water in autumn makes sense. That’s 4 temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine desn’t reach deep water thrughly. Fish swim t shallw water areas 5 the water temperature is 6 (relative) high.
Pmegranates (石榴) are ripe during Cld Dew, releasing a sweet scent. With their exquisite beauty, flavr and clr, pmegranates never fail t attract peple and 7 (cherish) fr centuries als fr their health benefits and anti-aging benefits.
Chrysanthemum (菊花) is the icnic flwer f Cld Dew. 8 (prevent) autumn dryness, many regins in China have the custm f drinking chrysanthemum wine, which is thught t bst heart health by strengthening bld vessels and 9 (stimulate) bld flw.
During Cld Dew, Nrth China takes n a lk f late autumn with white cluds, red leaves and early frst. Peple ften climb hills with crnels (茱萸) 10 the day f the Duble Ninth Festival, aiming t dispel evils.
【答案】1. phenmena 2. d 3. fggy 4. because 5. where 6. relatively 7. have been cherished 8. T prevent 9. stimulating 10. n
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一个节气——寒露。
1. 考查名词的数。句意：这时，你需要知道一些有趣的现象。根据句意及sme修饰可知，此处应填可数名词phenmenn的复数，表示“现象”。故填phenmena。
高考练场
考点一：谓语动词的时态的确定
(2023•新高考全国乙卷)
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng 61 ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully 62 (build) system f ring rads.
But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 63 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk, 65 smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin. 66 (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years 68 (recrd) everything I discvered.
The 69 (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, 70 (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
【答案】61. t 62. built 63. which / that 64. wnders 65. but 66. Having visited 67. was amazed 68. recrding 69. remarkable 70. means
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
67. 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
70.考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“develpment”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
考点二：非谓语动词类填空的解答策略
(2022•新高考全国甲卷)
A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step 61 (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
On the 1,100-kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, 62 lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin 63 (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. 64 friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental 65 (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre 66 (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
In the last five years, Ca 67 (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s 68 (high) muntain.
Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4,700 kilmeters 69 Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, 70 (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
【答案】61. t jurney 62. wh 63. held 64. A 65. prtectin 66. meaningful 67. has walked 68. highest 69. frm 70. planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是失明男子曹晟康徒步旅行并沿途做环保的经历。
61. t jurney 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填t jurney。
63. held 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hld和the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。
70. planning 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。plan与主语He为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
考点三：形容词、副词的确定
(2023•新高考全国甲卷)
Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) 41 (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the 42 (six) century, B. C. Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, 43 Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fable. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, 44 all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, 45 (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 46 (intend) fr everyne.
47 (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility 48 saving their envirnment.
The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Casn’s theme is a mre weighty 49 (warn) abut envirnmental destructin. Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still 50 (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
【答案】41. t teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. brrwing 46. intended 47. Different 48. fr 49. warning 50. be emplyed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
47. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different frm与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
考点四：名词的确定
(2022•新高考全国I卷)
The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park (GPNP). 56 (cver) an area abut three times 57 size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that 58 (be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, 61 leaving behind precius natural assets (资产) fr future generatins”. The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate 62 (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Giant pandas als serve 64 an umbrella species (物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
【答案】56. Cvering 57. the 58. were 59. t increase 60. is designed 61. and 62. ppulatins
63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
62. 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词hmes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词ppulatin，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填ppulatins。
名校模拟
(1)
(2023上·湖南长沙·高三长沙一中校考阶段练习) Chinese civilizatin has been marked, in my humble pinin, by three distinct features: evlutin with cntinuity, inclusiveness, and receiving and sharing the gds f civilizatin.
China’s mdernizatin prcess ver the past fur decades 1 (create) a new cntext 2 there is a partnership between the ancient and mdern, generating smething new and genuine. China is nt a stranger t this evlutinary prcess. It adapted “scialism” t the Chinese cntext, devising scialism with Chinese characteristics taking int 3 (cnsider) the changing Chinese and wrld reality.
With regard t inclusiveness, Chinese civilizatin has been pen t psitive utside inferences, 4 prved by the inclusin f Buddhism and Islam int Chinese sciety. China has always welcmed the psitive aspects f ther civilizatins while cntributing its civilizatin achievements 5 (enrich) ther civilizatins. Chinese music did nt shy away frm 6 (adpt) musical instruments frm the Middle East, like the fantastic pipa, and making it 7 essential and beautiful part f Chinese musical culture.
When it cmes t sharing, ne f the 8 (great) gifts China gave t the wrld thrugh the ancient Silk Rad was the technlgy f making paper n an industrial scale, which revlutinized the spread f science and philsphy in the Arab and Islamic wrld all the way t Eurpe beginning in the 8th century.
This new technlgy 9 (be) as imprtant then as the Internet is tday fr spreading f knwledge and cmmunicatin. In Baghdad and ther cultural centers during the Islamic renaissance (文艺复兴), there was a massive intellectual utpuring, which 10 the Chinese inventin f paper, wuld have been limited in scpe.
(2)
(2023上·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考阶段练习) The Grand Canal f China was first dug in 486 BC, and well develped thrugh the late 6th t early 10th century. Frm the late 13th until 19th century, with the highest sectin built and the verall length 1 (shrten), the Canal was turned int a main passage between nrthern 2 suthern China as well as the ecnmic lifeline f the cuntry. Cnsisting f the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, the Jing-Hang Grand Canal and the Zhedng Canal, the Canal 3 (stretch) ver 2, 700 kilmeters, crssing eight prvincial-level administrative regins and 4 (link) five majr water systems. The Grand Canal als cnnects with the Eurasian Silk Rad t the west and extends the water trade rute t the east.
The Grand Canal was 5 ntable achievement f the ancient Chinese peple. Its cnnectin f the plitical and ecnmic centers played a 6 (centre) rle in the plitical unity, ecnmic 7 (grw) and cultural prsperity f China, and cntributed t the livelihd, exchanges and integratin f the ppulatin alng its rute.
The Grand Canal 8 (annunce) by the State Cuncil as ne f the seventh batch f Majr Histrical and Cultural Sites Prtected at the Natinal Level in March, 2013 and registered 9 the UNSECO Wrld Heritage List in June, 2014. This large-scale, living cultural heritage spreads like a huge dragn acrss the vast territry f China, 10 (it) ripples shining glden scales (鳞片) in the new age.
(3)
(2023上·广东梅州·高三广东梅县东山中学校考阶段练习) Rice, cmmnly planted in many cuntries, serves 1 a majr surce f fd fr mre than half f the glbal ppulatin.
Peple in ancient China 2 (begin) grwing wild rice, learning hw t cultivate rice in fields and imprve its quality. 3 is widely believed that the cultivatin (种植) f rice riginated in China’s Yangtze River basin, arund 13,500 t 8,200 years ag. Since then, rice 4 (pass) arund the wrld thrugh migratin and trade.
Arund 4,000 t 3,000 BC, rice was intrduced t Sutheast Asia, and during the Middle Ages peple frm India and suthern Eurpe gt t knw the plant and tk it hme. Currently, half f the wrld’s ppulatin cnsumes rice, 5 (primary) in Asia, Suthern Eurpe, and certain trpical regins in America and Africa. Over time, 6 (variety) f rice were develped t suit different regins and preferences. There are different rice dishes 7 (find) all ver the wrld, including paellas, sushi, the bibimbap, ristt and jambalaya.
Tday, rice plays a vital rle in feeding billins f peple while fd 8 (shrt) is a wrldwide prblem. China is the wrld’s largest prducer and cnsumer f rice. Yuan Lngping, a renwned Chinese scientist 9 devted his life t develping high-yielding rice, made significant cntributins t imprving rice quality and meeting the 10 (rise) demand fr fd arund the wrld.
(4)
(2023上·广东深圳·高三珠海市第一中学校联考期末) Papermaking is ne f the fur great inventins f ancient China, alng with printing, gunpwder and the cmpass. It is als the crystallizatin f 1 (wise) f ancient Chinese peple. Amng varius types f handmade paper in China, Xuan paper is famus fr its clse links t traditinal calligraphy and ink paintings.
The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famus Paintings thrugh the Ages, a bk written by Zhang Yanyuan in Tang Dynasty (618-907), 2 he described Xuan paper as 3 ideal carrier fr calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper frm Jingxian cunty, East China’s Anhui prvince, 4 (list) as a present t the imperial curt fr its supreme quality during the perid.
The traditinal craft f making Xuan paper is extremely 5 (demand). Sandalwd (檀香树) bark, a plant native 6 suthern China, ges thrugh 108 7 (prcedure) tgether with rice straw ver the curse f three years befre it can transfrm int a batch f fine Xuan paper. The entire prcedure is s cmplex that even the mst skilled craftsman can nly master limited number f steps.
The flw f ink, bth guided and resisted by water, determines the utput f Chinese art, and Xuan paper utshines thers with its excellent ability 8 (give) full play t ink.
Xuan paper 9 (accmpany) the passinate brushstrkes f the Chinese literati (文人) fr thusands f years. Unlike ther frms f paper, it is very resistant t the damage brught by time. It is this durability 10 has made the preservatin f many valuable wrks frm ancient China pssible.
(5)
(2023上·广东深圳·高三红岭中学校考阶段练习) The Frbidden City, als 1 (refer) t as the Palace Museum in the mdern days, is lcated in the heart f Beijing. It is an ancient 2 (architecture) cmplex with a histry f mre than 600 years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-fur emperrs lived here 3 (rule) China fr nearly 500 years.
The buildings in the Frbidden City are all cvered with yellw glazed tile (琉璃瓦) 4 (rf) with red clumns and high walls beneath, symblizing the nble status f the ryal family. In additin t its magnificent appearance, the Palace Museum als 5 (huse) ver ne millin pieces f cultural relics and treasures.
After the end f the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum 6 (establish) in 1925, allwing turists at hme and abrad 7 (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
In recent years, the 600-year-ld Frbidden City has becme 8 Internet celebrity, launching thusands f cultural and artistic prducts 9 statinery (文具) and furnishings t clthing and csmetics (化妆品). A “Digital Frbidden City” has als been created, allwing peple t visit the palace in an immersive way.
As a new day begins, the ancient Frbidden City cntinues t welcme visitrs frm all ver the wrld. Be it n-site 10 nline, yur visit t the Palace Museum may help yu travel thrugh time and space and appreciate the time-hnred Chinese culture.
参考答案与解析
(1)答案1. has created 2. where 3. cnsideratin 4. as 5. t enrich 6. adpting 7. an 8. greatest 9. was 10. withut
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中华文明演变的三个特征：延续发展，兼收并蓄，共享文明成果。
1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去四十年来，中国的现代化进程创造了一个新的背景，在这种背景下古代与现代之间有着伙伴关系，产生了新的和真实的东西。根据前面的时间状语“ver the past fur decades”可以判断使用现在完成时，主语prcess表示单数意义，助动词用has，故填has created。
2. 考查定语从句。句意同上。此空前后都有带有谓语动词的句子，所以应填连词来引导从句。该从句位于名词之后且由前面的名词“cntext(背景、环境)”可知，后面应该是起修饰作用的定语从句，把名词还原回定语从句中应该是作地点状语，所以填入关系副词where。故填where。
3. 考查名词。句意：它使“社会主义”适应中国国情，结合中国国情和世界实际，提出了中国特色社会主义。此空考查短语take sth int cnsideratin“把……考虑进去”。故填cnsideratin。
4. 考查连词。句意：关于包容性，中国文明对外界的积极影响持开放态度，就像佛教和伊斯兰教融入中国社会就是明证一样。此空根据后面所接的过去分词“prved”可以判断出是考查状语从句的省略形式，可以把被省略部分“it is”加上去，结合前后的逻辑可以判断出是考查方式状语从句，用连词as“像，如同”引导，故填as。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：中国一向欢迎其他文明的积极方面，同时又把自己的文明成果贡献出来以丰富其他文明。结合句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t enrich。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国音乐并没有回避从中东引进乐器，如神奇的琵琶，并使其成为中国音乐文化中不可或缺的美丽组成部分。shy away frm避免，逃避，跟在介词后面作宾语应用动名词形式。故填adpting。
7. 考查冠词。句意同上。part为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且essential是以元音音素开头，应用an。an essential and beautiful part一个完整的和美丽的一部分。故填an。
8. 考查形容词最高级。句意：说到分享，中国通过古丝绸之路给世界的最大礼物之一是工业规模的造纸技术，这一技术彻底改变了科学和哲学从8世纪开始在阿拉伯和伊斯兰世界一路传播到欧洲的过程。此处是“ne f+形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……的……之一”，故填greatest。
9. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在传播知识和交流方面，这项新技术在当时与今天的互联网一样重要。因为副词then表示“当时，那时”，所以用一般过去时，主语technlgy表示单数意义，be动词用was，故填was。
10. 考查介词。句意：在伊斯兰复兴时期的巴格达和其他文化中心，有大量的知识分子涌入，如果没有中国人发明的纸，其范围将受到限制。根据从句中使用的虚拟语气，以及前后句的逻辑关系可判断出，此处指“如果没有中国人发明的纸，其范围将受到限制”，用介词withut“没有”，故填withut。
(2)答案
【答案】1. shrtened 2. and 3. stretches 4. linking 5. a 6. central 7. grwth 8. was annunced 9. n/in 10. its
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的大致情况极其对政治和经济的意义。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从13世纪末到19世纪，随着最高段的建造和总长度的缩短，运河成为中国南北之间的主要通道和国家的经济命脉。在with复合结构中，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，shrten和逻辑主语length之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填shrtened。
2. 考查固定短语。句意同上。结合句意表达“在……和……之间”用。故填and。
3. 考查时态。句意：运河由隋、唐大运河、京杭大运河和浙东运河组成，全长2700多公里，横跨八个省级行政区，连接五大水系。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the Canal是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填stretches。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处和上文crssing并列作状语，应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语 the Canal和link之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填linking。
5. 考查冠词。句意：大运河是古代中国人民的一项显著成就。achievement意为“成就”时是可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且ntable的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
6. 考查形容词。句意：其政治和经济中心的联系在中国的政治团结、经济增长和文化繁荣中发挥了核心作用，并为沿线人口的生计、交流和融合做出了贡献。修饰名词rle应用形容词central“核心的”作定语。故填central。
7. 考查名词。句意同上。空处应填名词和上文the plitical unity以及下文cultural prsperity并列作介词in的宾语，grwth“增长”是抽象名词，不可数。故填grwth。
8. 考查时态和语态。句意：大运河于2013年3月被国务院宣布为第七批国家级重点历史文化保护遗址之一，并于2014年6月被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。空处和下文registered是并列的谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语The Grand Canal和annunce之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was annunced。
9. 考查介词。句意同上。结合句意表达“在……名录上”用。故填n/in。
10. 考查代词。句意：这一大规模的、鲜活的文化遗产像一条巨龙一样在中国广袤的领土上传播，在新时代，它的涟漪闪耀着金色的鳞片。修饰名词ripples应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
(3)答案1. as 2. began 3. It 4. has passed 5. primarily 6. varieties 7. fund 8. shrtage 9. wh/that 10. rising
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大米的历史和重要作用。
1. 考查介词。句意：水稻在许多国家普遍种植，是全球一半以上人口的主要食物来源。serve as意为“可用作，起……作用”，为固定搭配。故填as。
2. 考查时态。句意：中国古代的人们开始种植野生水稻，学习如何在田里种植水稻并提高其质量。根据句中的in ancient China可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填began。
3. 考查代词。句意：普遍认为，水稻种植起源于中国长江流域，距今约13500年至8200年。It is believed that...意为“人们认为……，据信……”，其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填It。
4. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，大米通过迁徙和贸易在世界各地流通。根据句中的时间状语Since then可知，这里应该用现在完成时。主语rice为不可数名词，所以谓语应用单数。故填has passed。
5. 考查副词。句意：目前，世界上一半的人口食用大米，主要分布在亚洲、南欧以及美洲和非洲的某些热带地区。空处应用副词，修饰空后的介词短语。primarily意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
6. 考查名词的数。句意：随着时间的推移，水稻品种不断发展，以适应不同的地区和偏好。variety意为“品种”，为可数名词，空前没有限定词，再根据谓语were可知，空处应用名词复数，表示泛指。故填varieties。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地都有不同的米饭，包括西班牙什锦饭、寿司、石锅拌饭、意大利调味饭和美国南部什锦饭。本句为there be结构，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语rice dishes和find之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填fund。
8. 考查名词。句意：如今，大米在养活数十亿人方面发挥着至关重要的作用，而粮食短缺是一个全球性问题。空处应用名词，作主语。shrtage意为“缺少，不足”，为不可数名词。故填shrtage。
9. 考查定语从句。句意：袁隆平是中国著名的科学家，他毕生致力于发展高产水稻，为改善稻米品质和满足世界各地日益增长的粮食需求做出了重大贡献。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词scientist，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应用wh或that引导。故填wh/that。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。空处应用非谓语动词，作定语修饰demand。根据句意，rise和demand之间是主动关系，且这里表示持续性的动作，所以应用现在分词。故填rising。
(4)答案1. wisdm 2. where 3. an 4. was listed 5. demanding 6. t 7. prcedures 8. t give 9. has accmpanied 10. that
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宣纸的历史和制造工艺。
1. 考查名词。句意：它也是中国古代人民智慧的结晶。空处作介词f的宾语，结合空后的“f ancient Chinese peple”可知，此处应填名词形式，wisdm“智慧”，不可数名词，故填wisdm。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代(618-907)张彦远的《历代名画记》中，他在书中把宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“On Famus Paintings thrugh the Ages”，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
3. 考查冠词。句意同上。carrier用作可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且ideal是以元音音素开头，故填an。
4. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，因其卓越的品质在这一时期被列为朝廷的礼物。主语“Handmade Xuan paper”和动词“list”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“during the perid”可知句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was listed。
5. 考查形容词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。空处应填形容词作表语，demanding“要求高的”，形容词，故填demanding。
6. 考查介词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，要经过108道工序和稻秆，经过3年的时间才能制成一批精美的宣纸。固定搭配native t…“原产于……”，t是介词，故填t。
7. 考查名词复数。句意同上。prcedure“步骤”，可数名词，由“108”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填prcedures。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：水墨的流动，受水的引导和阻力，决定了中国艺术的输出，宣纸以其出色的发挥水墨的能力而出类拔萃。名词ability后常用动词不定式作定语，故填t give。
9. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宣纸几千年来伴随着中国文人的激情笔触。根据时间状语“fr thusands f years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语“Xuan paper”表示单数意义，故填has accmpanied。
10. 考查强调句型。句意：正是这种耐久性使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存。此处是强调句型“It be+被强调部分+that/wh(被强调部分是人时可用wh)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是主语“this durability”，故填that。
(5)答案1. referred 2. architectural 3. ruling 4. rfs 5. huses 6. was established 7. t visit 8. an 9. frm 10. r
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了有着600多年历史的中国著名的古代建筑群—故宫博物院，现在人们无论是在现场还是在网上，都可以参观故宫博物院，穿越时空，欣赏悠久的中国文化。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城，在现代也被称为故宫博物院，位于北京的中心。根据句中谓语“is lcated”可知，此处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰“The Frbidden city”，并与其构成被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填referred。
2. 考查形容词。句意：它是一个有600多年历史的古代建筑群。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“cmplex”，表示“建筑的”。故填architectural。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在明清两代，有24位皇帝在这里居住统治中国近500年。根据句中谓语“lived”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，作伴随状语，并与“twenty-fur emperrs”形成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式。故填ruling。
4. 考查名词复数。句意：紫禁城的所有建筑都覆盖着黄色的琉璃瓦屋顶，下面是红色的柱子和高高的墙壁，象征着皇室的高贵地位。根据“yellw glaxed tile”可知，此处应为名词，作宾语；根据“clumns”和“walls”及句意可知，应用名词复数形式。故填rfs。
5. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：除了宏伟的外观，故宫博物院还收藏了一百多万件文物和珍宝。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；根据上一句的谓语“are cvered”及句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实；主语是“the Palace Museum”，应为主动语态，谓语动词为单数。故填huses。
6. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“in 1925”可知，应为一般过去时；主语是“the Palace Museum”，故应用被动语态，且谓语为单数形式。故填was established。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语allw sb t d sth 意为：允许某人做某事，符合句意，故应用动词不定式t visit。故填t visit。
8. 考查冠词。句意：近年来，有着600年历史的紫禁城成为了网红，推出了数千种文化和艺术产品，从文具、家具到服装和化妆品。分析句子可知，此处应为冠词，作定语修饰名词短语“Internet celebrity”，由句意可知，表示“一个”网红，属于泛指；“Internet”发音为元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
9. 考查介词。句意：近年来，有着600年历史的紫禁城成为了网红，推出了数千种文化和艺术产品，从文具、家具到服装和化妆品。分析句子可知，此处应为介词，后接名词短语“statinery and furnishings”；根据句中介词“t”，及固定短语 从……到……，应用介词frm。故填frm。
10. 考查连词。句意：无论是在现场还是在网上，你的故宫之旅都可以帮助你穿越时空，欣赏悠久的中国文化。分析句子及句意可知，“nline”与“n-site”之间为选择关系，表示“或者”，故应用连词r。故填r。
年份
卷别
体裁
话题
短文词数
谓语动词
非谓语动词
词性转换
名词
代词
比较级
冠词
介词
连词
副词
限定词
2023
新高考I卷
说明文
中国美食—小笼包
207
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
新高考II卷
记叙文
实现动物园饲养员梦想
206
1
1
0
2
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
全国甲卷
说明文
寓言的价值
208
1
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
全国乙卷
说明文
拍摄北京风貌
243
2
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
2022
新高考I卷
说明文
建立熊猫国家公园计划
113
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
新高考II卷
记叙文
修车师傅救人
115
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
全国甲卷
记叙文
徒步旅行
230
1
3
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
全国乙卷
说明文
首个国家茶日
230
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
2021
新高考I卷
记叙文
游览黄山
201
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
新高考II卷
记叙文
减少塑料垃圾
192
1
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
全国甲卷
记叙文
游览西安
176
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
全国乙卷
说明文
生态旅游
198
0
2
3
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2020
全国I卷
说明文
探月
210
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
全国II卷
说明文
新年装饰物
205
1
3
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
全国II卷
记叙文
自然母亲
229
2
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
新高考I 卷
说明文
博物馆知识
204
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
高频考点
谓语动词
1-2题：考查时态、语态和主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多3个单词。
非谓语动词
1-3题：考查不定式、动名词和分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词
1-3题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0-1题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词
0-1题：主要考查形容词和副词的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点
代词：0-1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
项目
卷别
体裁
主题内容
谓语动词
非谓语动词
形容词/副词
名词
合计
2023
新高考卷I
说明文
中国美食小笼包
4
2
6
新高考卷II
记叙文
教熊猫饲养员讲英语
1
1
2
2
6
全国卷甲
说明文
寓言仍然具有价值
1
3
1
1
6
全国卷乙
夹叙夹议
北京古今建筑的融合
2
3
1
1
7
2022
新高考卷I
说明文
大熊猫国家公园计划
2
2
1
1
6
新高考卷II
记叙文
营救三岁小男孩
2
2
2
1
7
全国卷甲
记叙文
失明男子徒步旅行并做环保
1
3
2
1
7
全国卷乙
说明文
首届“国际茶日”
1
3
1
1
6
2021
新高考卷I
记叙文
登黄山的经历
1
1
3
1
6
新高考卷II
记叙文
保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾
1
2
2
1
6
全国卷甲
说明文
西安城墙
2
2
2
1
7
全国卷乙
说明文
生态旅游
2
2
2
6
2020
新高考卷I
说明文
博物馆
3
1
1
1
6
卷I
说明文
嫦娥四号登月
3
1
2
1
7
卷II
说明文
春节装饰品
1
3
2
1
7
卷III
记叙文
伟大的艺术家
2
2
2
1
7
2019
卷I
说明文
北极熊数量减少
2
2
2
1
7
卷II
说明文
年度女性奖
2
3
2
7
卷III
记叙文
寄宿家庭的经历
2
2
3
1
7
合计
31
42
35
19
127