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【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题06 阅读理解之细节理解题-试卷
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这是一份【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题06 阅读理解之细节理解题-试卷，文件包含专题06阅读理解之细节理解题-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用原卷版docx、专题06阅读理解之细节理解题-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共45页， 欢迎下载使用。
细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物，现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。这类题型是目前阅读理解中考查最多的题型，其中前三种是高考英语中常考的题型，后两种近年考查较少。
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：
① This article is particularly written fr
② When the writer says … he really means
③ The authr’s attitude t… is that
④ What kind f atmsphere des the writer want t create in this passage?
⑤ The writer regards… as
⑥ The writer’s purpse in writing this stry is ...
高考细节理解题主要分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。
1.直接辨认：细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。
2.间接辨认：间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。
题型归纳
题型01 直接信息题
【题型诠释】
对于直接信息题，学生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
【典例1】(2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中)
Welcme t ur stand-up cmedy classes
This is the wrkshp where beginners have grwn int headliners and headliners have grwn int stars. Our wrkshp stresses stand-up cmedy writing and perfrming — the tw key cmpnents f stand-up cmedy.
Our classes are cnducted by award-winning, cmedy directr and writer Stephen Rsenfield and his stand-up staff. They are cnducted s that when it’s time fr yur club perfrmance, yu will have slidly written, funny material and yu will be well rehearsed and ready t perfrm beynd yur expectatins. These stand-up cmedy classes are ffered t bth beginners and advanced students. The wrkshp cnsists f grup classes, private caching sessins and a perfrmance at Gtham r West Side Cmedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-persn shw: May 20th at Gtham Cmedy Club
Live streamed shw: May 22nd n YuTube
Fees:
If yu are a first time student: $410. If yu are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks r credit cards.
Yur instructr: Becky Veducci
Becky has been a prfessinal cmedian, writer and actress fr ver 15 years. She has perfrmed stand-up cmedy in New Yrk, Ls Angeles, Las Vegas and Lndn. Besides, she has appeared in cmmercials, theater and feature films. And she cmpeted in the 2018 seasn f America’s GtTalent.
Her film wrks include Return t Me, Maid in Manhattan and Randm Hearts. As a writer, she was chsen as ne f Parenting. cm’s tp five “Favrite Mmmy Blggers” fr her humrus articles n the website. In 2015, she wn the New Yrk Press Club Award fr humrus writing. As an instructr, Becky has taught stand-up cmedy t every age grup — frm elementary schl kids and teenagers t university students and adults. She believes everyne has a cmedic vice.
1. What can be learned abut the wrkshp?
A. There are three seats left at present.B. It fcuses n bth writing and acting.
C. There are nline shws n May 20th.D. It is specially designed fr headliners.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Our wrkshp stresses stand-up cmedy writing and perfrming — the tw key cmpnents f stand-up cmedy. (我们的研讨班强调单口喜剧的写作和表演，这是单口喜剧的两个关键组成部分。)”可知，研讨班专注于写作和表演。故选B项。
2. Hw much will a returning student save n the fee?
A. $10.B. $50.C. $60.D. $80.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“If yu are a first time student: $410. If yu are a returning student: $350. (如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选C项。
题型02 直接理解题
【题型诠释】
细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。
这类题主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时刻表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。根据题干中提供的信息，快速从原文中找到相应的信息。
【典例2】(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
22. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
题型03 间接信息题
【题型诠释】
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。
做这类题时学生可运用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项提前排除。
【典例3】(2023上·江苏苏州·高三苏州中学校考期中) The lder I get, the mre I understand hw my teachers have transfrmed my life.
On a recent Sunday afternn, I went t see Mr. C at Rxbury Park in Beverly Hills. His lve f life has nt faded despite the fact that his legs n lnger wrk like they used t. He visited sme f his frmer students while he was in twn. At Beverly Hills High Schl, Mr. C taught ancient histry, cached ftball and glf, and risked his life teaching driver’s training n Saturday mrnings frm 1964 t 1988. The nw gray students lined up ne after anther t thank their favrite teacher. One called him a rck star. Anther thanked him fr knwing he needed help when he culdn’t say s. It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times f severe teacher shrtages.
Mr. C deserves ur lve. T say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed wh I thught I culd be. Rather than seeing myself as a lser cheerleader wh culdn’t cmpete with the smart kids, I realized hw much I lved learning. His histry class was s interesting. In his classes abut the Persians, Greeks, and Rmans, extra credits can be earned fr creativity. During earthquake drills, we cunted n Mr. C t scream his head ff in pretended terrr.
It shuld cme as little surprise that I’d value the rle f teachers in my life. Bth f my parents taught; s did my brthers, aunts, uncles and cusins. I, t, have becme a teacher and I try t fllw in Mr. C’s ftsteps. Sme days, I fantasize what it wuld be like t g n a teacher tur, reaching ut t my mentrs t express my deep gratitude fr all they’ve given me. Seeing Mr. C sparked that fantasy again. When I finally wrked up my curage t thank him, knwing a fldgate f tears wuld pen, he said t me with his typical mdesty, “Yu were ding me mre gd than I was ding yu.”
4. Why was the tribute t Mr. C particularly tuching?
A. Mr. C’s passin fr life dimmed due t injuries.
B. Mr. C wrked hard when schl was shrt-handed.
C. Mr. C was treated as a rck star by his clleagues.
D. Mr. C risked his life in teaching ftball and glf.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times f severe teacher shrtages. (这是一个美丽的致敬，特别是在这个教师严重短缺的时代。)”可知，对C先生的致敬特别感人是因为C先生在学校人手不足时努力工作。故选B。
5. Which is nt the reasn why Mr. C became a belved teacher?
A. His histry class was engaging.B. He cached students in earthquake drills.
C. He encuraged innvative ideas.D. He sparked students’ interest in learning.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Mr. C deserves ur lve. T say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed wh I thught I culd be. Rather than seeing myself as a lser cheerleader wh culdn’t cmpete with the smart kids, I realized hw much I lved learning. His histry class was s interesting. In his classes abut the Persians, Greeks, and Rmans, extra credits can he earned fr creativity. During earthquake drills, we cunted n Mr. C t scream his head ff in pretended terrr.(C先生值得我们爱。说C先生改变了我的生活是轻描淡写的。我是说他改变了我对自己的看法。我不再把自己看作是一个无法与聪明的孩子竞争的失败者啦啦队长，而是意识到我是多么热爱学习。他的历史课很有趣。在他关于波斯人、希腊人和罗马人的课程中，他可以因创造力而获得额外的学分。地震演习时，我们指望C先生假装害怕地尖叫。)”可知，C先生并没有在地震演习中训练学生。故选B。
题型04 数字计算题
【题型诠释】
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。
解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
【典例4】(2023上·重庆沙坪坝·高三重庆八中校考阶段练习) Benefiting frm the 5,000 years histry, many ancient cities exist in the vast land f China. Here are 4 ancient cities in China and each has their unique features.
Shangqiu Ancient City
●Histry: 4,000 years
●Opening Hurs: 08:00-17:30 in winter; 08:00-18: 00 in summer
●Ticket Price: ¥70 per cmb ticket (组合票)
Situated in the Yellw River Valley, Shangqiu area is cnsidered the birthplace f Chinese civilizatin. The best time t visit it is arund the Chinese New Year, when the grandest temple fair at Shangqiu is held t wrship the Gd f Fire.
Ancient City f Pingya
●Histry: 2,700 years
●Opening Hurs: 08: 00-17: 30
●Ticket Price: Free entry
It has n charming landscape, green muntains r clear waters. What is unique there is the well-pre served ancient city with a grand City Wall, traditinal residences, time-hnred shps, and even the previus gvernment ffice.
Fenghuang Ancient Twn
●Histry: 467 years
●Opening Hurs: all day;08: 00-17: 30 fr Tu River day cruise;18: 00-22: 30 fr night cruise
●Ticket Price: Free entry
Cnstructed in 1556, Fenghuang Ancient Twn is anther histrical city in China knwn fr ethnic diversity. Generatins f Mia, Tujia and Han peple live here, and it nw accmmdates28 ethnic grups in ttal.
Huizhu Ancient City
●Histry: 2,240 years
●Opening Hurs: 08: 00-17: 00
●Ticket Price: ¥95 fr ne adult; ¥140 fr ne adult and ne child; ¥230 fr tw adults and ne child. Huizhu Ancient City is famus fr its unique architectural style since the ld days. The Huizhu-style building is ne f the mst imprtant architectural schls in China, using bricks, wd, and stnes as the raw materials.
23. Hw much will a family f a cuple and a child pay fr Huizhu Ancient City?
A. ¥95.B. ¥140.C. ¥230.D. ¥235.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Huizhu Ancient City中的“Ticket Price: ¥95 fr ne adult; ¥140 fr ne adult and ne child; ¥230 fr tw adults and ne child (票价：成人95元；成人1人、儿童1人140元；2名成人和1名儿童230元)”可知，一对夫妇，即两名成年人和一个孩子共支付230元。故选C项。
题型05 排列顺序题
【题型诠释】
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。
解答此类试题的方法：可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
【典例5】(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中) With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs.
DNA testing typically wrks by analyzing the genetic material fund in a sample f cells taken frm the inside f yur dg’s cheek. This sample is then cmpared t a database f knwn breeds and genetic markers assciated with certain traits r health cnditins.
The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. Mst cmpanies ffer several different types f tests that vary in cst and cmplexity. Fr instance, sme tests just analyze yur dg’s breed cmpsitin, while thers can assess additinal genetic markers assciated with certain diseases r behavirs.
Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.
If yu’re lking fr an easy way t learn mre abut yur pup’s backgrund withut spending t much mney, then DNA testing might just be right up yur alley.
10. What is the crrect rder f having an DNA test?
①get the sample prcessed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type f test ⑤place the swab int the cntainer ⑥mail the sample back t the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题中的排列顺序题。根据第三段“The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要1-2周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做DNA检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选A。
题型06 图表图画题
【题型诠释】
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。学生应该把握准图表图画中的一些细微处，找准和题干相关的信息，不得疏忽。
解答此类试题的时候, 一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息, 特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的, 我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
【典例6】(2023上·山东青岛·高三山东省青岛第五十八中学校考期中)
Bringing Gds int the UK
Yu are allwed t bring sme gds fr persnal use withut paying tax r duty.
Arrivals frm EU cuntries
Yu can bring gds frm EU cuntries withut being charged tax r duty if they are:
●transprted by yurself; ●a gift r fr persnal use; ●bught with tax and duty included
Yu can bring alchl and tbacc frm EU cuntries withut restrictin but an inquiry might be required depending n the amunt f yur gds.
Arrivals frm utside the EU
Yu will be free f duty r tax n certain amunts f gds brught frm utside the EU, as lng as they are fr yur wn use. Any gds that are beynd yur allwance shuld be declared.
Alchl & tbacc allwance
※There are n duty-free allwances fr tbacc r alchl if yu’re under 17.
Allwance fr ther gds:
The maximum value f ther gds yu can bring is £390. Any single item that is wrth mre than the allwance will be charged duty r tax n its full value.
The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is:
●2.5% fr gds wrth up t £630;
●decided by the type f gds wrth abve £630-check by calling the VAT, Custms and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK; 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Wrking time: 8 am t 6 pm, Mnday t Friday,
Banned and restricted gds
Gds banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●ffensive weapns; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.
Fd and plant prducts restricted include;
●prducts cntaining pests and diseases;
●prducts grwn utside the EU;
●prducts nt fr yur wn use.
We reserve the right t seize the gds which are n suspicin f vilating intellectual prperty rights.
4. Which f the fllwing prducts frm utside the EU has the largest duty-free allwance?
A. Beer.B. Wine (nt sparkling wine).
C. Spirits.D. Alchlic drinks.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alchl & tbacc allwance 表格中“Beer：16 litres(啤酒：16升)”是所有商品中数额最大的，故“啤酒”这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A。
5. Hw much tax shall ne cming frm China pay fr a ring bught in America wrth £500?
A. £2. 75B. £12.5C. £110.D. £130.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据 “The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is: ●2.5% fr gds wrth up t £630(超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%)”可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B。
6. Which f the fllwing items shall be banned r restricted?
A. A set f Russian dlls.B. A bttle f French wine.
C. A brick f Australian cheese.D. A package f Spanish cigarettes.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Gds banned include: ●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.(禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C。
高考练场
题型01 直接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语I卷A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
23. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
题型02 直接理解题
(2023年新课标高考英语甲卷B篇) Terri Bltnis a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with £ 5 in pcket mney. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and is was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver that cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund £ 823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. Tw fifth wish t increase the value f their huse. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
26. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
27. What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A. It is becming mre cstly.B. It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C. It is turning int a seasnal industry.D. It is gaining ppularity amng females.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
题型03 间接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语乙卷C) What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
28. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
题型04 数字计算题
(2022年新课标高考英语乙卷A篇)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday: 10:00-17:45
Sunday: 12:00 -17:45
Last admissin t the exhibitin: 17:15.There is n re-admissin.
Clsed: 24-26 December and 1 January
Admissin
￡4: Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12. D.￡16.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知，参观者为一对夫妇外加两个十二岁以下的孩子，再根据Admissin中的内容可知，一名成年人可带十二岁以下儿童参观，儿童免费，成年人一位需要花费4英镑，两个大人是8英镑。故选B项。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1. Wh are the intended readers?
A. Red-blded males. B. White-cllar staff. C. Blue-blded turists.D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A. Feature.B. Style.C. Travel.D. Entertainment.
B
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一中校考阶段练习) On July 11, 2023, scientists selected Crawfrd Lake in Canada t represent the start f the Anthrpcene, a new gelgical (地质的) time perid dminated by human beings instead f the frce f nature. The scientists said that sediments (沉积物) at the bttm f the lake clearly shw the impact f industrialized humanity n Earth frm the 1950s nwards.
The Anthrpcene Wrking Grup (AWG) was set up in 2009. In 2016, it cncluded that human-caused changes t Earth were s great that a new gelgical time unit was necessary. The AWG then assessed twelve sites acrss the wrld as candidates fr what gelgists call a “glden spike”, the place where the sudden and glbal changes marking the start f the new gelgical time perid are best recrded in Earth. After three runds f vting, the AWG selected Crawfrd Lake.
“The lake is 24 meters deep but cvers nly 6 acres,” said Francine McCarthy, a member f the AWG. “It is s special that the bttm waters and surface waters d nt mix, except fr what gently sinks t the bttm and settles dwn in sediments. As a result, they allw us t see the changes in Earth histry.”
The AWG has chsen the plutnium istpes (钚同位素) frm H-bmb tests as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene, as they were spread glbally frm 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments. There are ther imprtant markers in the lake sediments, including CO2 fingerprints prduced by the burning f fssil fuels in pwer plants.
“The 1950s saw the start f a sharp increase in industrial, transprt and ecnmic activities that have had huge impacts n Earth,” added McCarthy. “But it is the sharp increase in plutnium specifically that we chse as the key marker.”
Experts said the decisin has scial and plitical imprtance, as it wuld draw attentin t the rle that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the mst bvius impact f the Anthrpcene, but huge lsses f wildlife, the spread f freign species, and the widespread pllutin f the planet are als key features.
4. Why is Crawfrd Lake selected as the “glden spike”?
A. It can best shw the sudden and glbal changes in Earth.
B. It is clse t the testing site f the first nuclear bmb.
C. It can cmpletely separate its sediments frm the air.
D. It is lcated in ne f the mst industrialized cuntries.
5. When did the Anthrpcene start?
A. In 1950.B. In 1952.C. In 2009.D. In 2016.
6. What is cnsidered as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene?
A. The climate crisis.B. The lsses f wildlife.
C. The CO2 fingerprints.D. The plutnium istpes.
7. What might be the significance f the adptin f the Anthrpcene?
A. It will play a key rle in slwing dwn industrializatin.
B. It might help human beings t understand their imprtance.
C. It wuld raise public awareness f envirnment prtectin.
D. It can encurage the unity between the public and pliticians.
C
(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中) The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
8. What des the underlined qute frm the disability rights leader imply cncerning a six-inch curb?
A. It is an unfrgettable symbl.B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an imprtant sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.
9. Accrding t Angela Blackwell, what d many peple believe?
A. It’s nt wrthwhile t prmte health equity.
B. It’s necessary t g all ut t help the disabled.
C. It’s impssible t have everyne treated equally.
D. It’s fair t give the disadvantaged mre help than thers.
10. Which f the fllwing examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A. Spaceflight designs are applied t life n earth.
B. Fur great inventins f China spread t the west.
C. Christpher Clumbus discvered the new wrld.
D. Classic literature gt translated int many languages.
11. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
D
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中) Ging green is gd fr business. Cnsumers are ften willing t pay mre fr ec-friendly prducts than ther cmparable prducts n the market, accrding t market research. But nt all envirnmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer. Cmpanies prmising t be sustainable, r bidegradable smetimes fail t meet the prmises they make t cnsumers.
Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way fr the industry t attract cnsumers. “I think we’re at the tp f green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues. Fr example, a large retailer might rll ut a new line f prducts, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefre theretically has less f an envirnmental impact than the ther clthes the cmpany sells. “Yu think ‘Oh that sunds great,’” Bédat says. But that same cmpany might ignre water usage in the rest f their prducts lines, while ding nthing t address the ther ways that their prductin might be harming the envirnment.
When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbn neutral (碳中和)” still prduces mre carbn than wearing a sweater already in yur clset. She ntes, “The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.”
As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers. In New Yrk, The Fashin Act wuld require fashin cmpanies perating in the state t bey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.
12. What is the purpse f greenwashing?
A. T advcate prper use f water.B. T intrduce green ways t wash clthes.
C. T reduce the impact n envirnment.D. T appeal t thse ec-friendly custmers.
13. What des the example in paragraph 3 present?
A. A new trend in fashin.B. A new kind f prduct.
C. A trick f greenwashing.D. A large issue f a cmpany.
14. What is Bérdat’s attitude twards greenwashing?
A. Dubtful.B. Indifferent.C. Disapprving.D. Tlerant.
15. Why did Eurpean Unin put frward a new law?
A. T enhance the quality f prducts.B. T shelter custmers frm greenwashing.
C. T raise peple’s awareness f ging green.D. T encurage carbn-neutral prduct lines.
A篇
1. D 2. A 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者应该是新手露营者。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.(多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及标题“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露营小贴士：哪种过夜的野外体验适合你？)”和第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。由此推知，你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选C项。
B篇
4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年7月11日，AWG决定把加拿大境内的Crawfrd Lake认定为“人类世”开始的地理标记。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The AWG then assessed twelve sites acrss the wrld as candidates fr what gelgists call a ‘glden spike’, the place where the sudden and glbal changes marking the start f the new gelgical time perid are best recrded in Earth.(AWG随后评估了世界各地的12个地点，作为地质学家所说的“金穗”的候选地点，在这里，地球上最能记录到标志着新地质时期开始的全球突然变化)”以及第三段中“It is s special that the bttm waters and surface waters d nt mix, except fr what gently sinks t the bttm and settles dwn in sediments. As a result, they allw us t see the changes in Earth histry.(它是如此特殊，以至于底层水和表层水不会混合，除了那些轻轻沉入海底并沉淀在沉积物中的水。因此，它们使我们能够看到地球历史的变化)”可知，Crawfrd Lake被选中的原因是它最能显示地球的突然的和全球性变化。故选A项。
5. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The AWG has chsen the plutnium istpes (钚同位素) frm H-bmb tests as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene, as they were spread glbally frm 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments.(AWG选择来自氢弹试验的钚同位素作为人类世的关键标志，因为它们从1952年开始在全球传播，但在20世纪60年代中期禁止核试验后迅速减少，导致沉积物激增)”可知，人类世开始于1952年。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“But it is the sharp increase in plutnium specifically that we chse as the key marker.(但我们选择钚的急剧增加作为关键标志)”可知，钚同位素被认为是人类世的关键标志。故选D项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Experts said the decisin has scial and plitical imprtance, as it wuld draw attentin t the rle that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the mst bvius impact f the Anthrpcene, but huge lsses f wildlife, the spread f freign species, and the widespread pllutin f the planet are als key features.(专家表示，这一决定具有社会和政治意义，因为它将引起人们对工业化人类在塑造地球方面所起作用的关注。气候危机是人类世最明显的影响，但野生动物的巨大损失、外来物种的传播和地球的广泛污染也是主要特征)”可知，采用人类世的意义在于它将提高公众的环保意识。故选C项。
C篇
8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过“路缘坡效应”讲述了当社会为弱势群体创造便利时，可能也会同时帮助其他群体，从而惠及所有人。
8. 短语猜测题。根据第三段中画线词前一句“That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance.(对于坐轮椅的人来说，这是一件大事，因为没有坡道可以帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。)”可知，在没有坡道时，坐轮椅的人没有办法上下路缘，这里一位残疾人权益领导说一个六英尺高的路缘“might as well have been Munt Everest”，即相当于珠穆朗玛峰，由此可推测出，这暗示了一个六英尺高的路缘对坐轮椅的人来说是一个难以通过的障碍。故选B。
9. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as ‘a zer-sum game(零和游戏)’ and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a ‘prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.’(Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将公平视为‘零和游戏’，人们普遍认为存在‘有成见的社会怀疑：故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。’)”可知，许多人认为公平是“零和游戏”，即一方的收益必然造成另一方的损失，他们普遍认为故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。由此可推测出，许多人认为公平对待所有人是不可能的。故选C。
10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that ‘when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.’(不过，Blackwell说，路缘坡效应表明，‘当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。’)”可知，路缘坡效应表明，当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。结合四个选项可知，代表先进技术中国四大发明传入当时条件落后的西方，让西方国家学习到了新技术，同时为欧洲人开辟新航路、打开世界市场提供了条件，从而给整个世界带来了改变，这是共赢的局面。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
D篇
12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了消费者倾向于购买环保产品，但很多公司往往进行虚假的环保宣传，尤其是时尚行业，这种“漂绿”行为容易误导消费者，所以消费者需要重新思考自己的购物行为，政府也开始采取措施保护消费者。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Greenwashing’ is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer.(‘漂绿’是一种错误信息，经常被用来吸引热情的环保消费者。)”可知，“漂绿”的目的是吸引那些环保消费者。故选D。
13. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Retailers(零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues.(零售商会通过分散消费者对公司更大问题的注意力来误导消费者。)”可知，本段首先指出零售商误导消费者的手段，即通过分散消费者对更大问题的注意力，接着举了一家大型零售商通过用水量少的牛仔裤吸引大众，让大众忽视该公司其他损害环境的产品这一例子具体说明。由此可推测出，这个例子展示了“漂绿”的骗人把戏。故选C。
14. 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards.(专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库——新标准研究所所长Maxine Bédat表示，漂绿在时尚行业尤其常见。)”和倒数第二段中的“When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits.(谈到时尚，Bérdat说要重新思考购物习惯。)”以及该段中她说的话“The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.(作为消费者，你能做的最可持续的事情就是多穿你拥有的东西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库工作，她认为漂绿在时尚行业很常见，并建议重新思考购物习惯，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推测出，她对漂绿这种现象不支持，故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers.(随着越来越多的公司寻求从可持续营销中获利，政府开始采取更多行动来保护消费者。)”和最后一句“A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.(欧盟成员国提出的一项新法律将更严格地监管在欧洲销售的产品上的环境声明和可持续性标签。)”可知，欧盟提出的一项新法律有利于严格规范产品上的环境声明和可持续性标签，这属于政府层面的保护措施，能够更好地保护消费者免受漂绿的误导。故选B。
项目
年份 卷别
语篇类型
题型
应用文
记叙文
说明文
议论文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨要义
词义猜测
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全国甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全国乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全国甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全国乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全国甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全国乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全国I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全国Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
Type f gds
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tbacc
Beer
Wine (nt sparking wine)
Spirits
Alchlic drinks
Amunt
200
50
250 grams
16 litres
4 litres
1 litres
2 litres
Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
€7.50
€5.00
3 hurs
€11.00
€7.50
1 day (24 hurs)
€14.75
€9.75
Each additinal day
€8.00
€6.00
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct.,15:00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13:10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv.,13:10
MARTIN POSTLE
细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物，现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。这类题型是目前阅读理解中考查最多的题型，其中前三种是高考英语中常考的题型，后两种近年考查较少。
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：
① This article is particularly written fr
② When the writer says … he really means
③ The authr’s attitude t… is that
④ What kind f atmsphere des the writer want t create in this passage?
⑤ The writer regards… as
⑥ The writer’s purpse in writing this stry is ...
高考细节理解题主要分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。
1.直接辨认：细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。
2.间接辨认：间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。
题型归纳
题型01 直接信息题
【题型诠释】
对于直接信息题，学生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
【典例1】(2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中)
Welcme t ur stand-up cmedy classes
This is the wrkshp where beginners have grwn int headliners and headliners have grwn int stars. Our wrkshp stresses stand-up cmedy writing and perfrming — the tw key cmpnents f stand-up cmedy.
Our classes are cnducted by award-winning, cmedy directr and writer Stephen Rsenfield and his stand-up staff. They are cnducted s that when it’s time fr yur club perfrmance, yu will have slidly written, funny material and yu will be well rehearsed and ready t perfrm beynd yur expectatins. These stand-up cmedy classes are ffered t bth beginners and advanced students. The wrkshp cnsists f grup classes, private caching sessins and a perfrmance at Gtham r West Side Cmedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-persn shw: May 20th at Gtham Cmedy Club
Live streamed shw: May 22nd n YuTube
Fees:
If yu are a first time student: $410. If yu are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks r credit cards.
Yur instructr: Becky Veducci
Becky has been a prfessinal cmedian, writer and actress fr ver 15 years. She has perfrmed stand-up cmedy in New Yrk, Ls Angeles, Las Vegas and Lndn. Besides, she has appeared in cmmercials, theater and feature films. And she cmpeted in the 2018 seasn f America’s GtTalent.
Her film wrks include Return t Me, Maid in Manhattan and Randm Hearts. As a writer, she was chsen as ne f Parenting. cm’s tp five “Favrite Mmmy Blggers” fr her humrus articles n the website. In 2015, she wn the New Yrk Press Club Award fr humrus writing. As an instructr, Becky has taught stand-up cmedy t every age grup — frm elementary schl kids and teenagers t university students and adults. She believes everyne has a cmedic vice.
1. What can be learned abut the wrkshp?
A. There are three seats left at present.B. It fcuses n bth writing and acting.
C. There are nline shws n May 20th.D. It is specially designed fr headliners.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Our wrkshp stresses stand-up cmedy writing and perfrming — the tw key cmpnents f stand-up cmedy. (我们的研讨班强调单口喜剧的写作和表演，这是单口喜剧的两个关键组成部分。)”可知，研讨班专注于写作和表演。故选B项。
2. Hw much will a returning student save n the fee?
A. $10.B. $50.C. $60.D. $80.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“If yu are a first time student: $410. If yu are a returning student: $350. (如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选C项。
题型02 直接理解题
【题型诠释】
细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。
这类题主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时刻表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。根据题干中提供的信息，快速从原文中找到相应的信息。
【典例2】(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
22. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
题型03 间接信息题
【题型诠释】
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。
做这类题时学生可运用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项提前排除。
【典例3】(2023上·江苏苏州·高三苏州中学校考期中) The lder I get, the mre I understand hw my teachers have transfrmed my life.
On a recent Sunday afternn, I went t see Mr. C at Rxbury Park in Beverly Hills. His lve f life has nt faded despite the fact that his legs n lnger wrk like they used t. He visited sme f his frmer students while he was in twn. At Beverly Hills High Schl, Mr. C taught ancient histry, cached ftball and glf, and risked his life teaching driver’s training n Saturday mrnings frm 1964 t 1988. The nw gray students lined up ne after anther t thank their favrite teacher. One called him a rck star. Anther thanked him fr knwing he needed help when he culdn’t say s. It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times f severe teacher shrtages.
Mr. C deserves ur lve. T say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed wh I thught I culd be. Rather than seeing myself as a lser cheerleader wh culdn’t cmpete with the smart kids, I realized hw much I lved learning. His histry class was s interesting. In his classes abut the Persians, Greeks, and Rmans, extra credits can be earned fr creativity. During earthquake drills, we cunted n Mr. C t scream his head ff in pretended terrr.
It shuld cme as little surprise that I’d value the rle f teachers in my life. Bth f my parents taught; s did my brthers, aunts, uncles and cusins. I, t, have becme a teacher and I try t fllw in Mr. C’s ftsteps. Sme days, I fantasize what it wuld be like t g n a teacher tur, reaching ut t my mentrs t express my deep gratitude fr all they’ve given me. Seeing Mr. C sparked that fantasy again. When I finally wrked up my curage t thank him, knwing a fldgate f tears wuld pen, he said t me with his typical mdesty, “Yu were ding me mre gd than I was ding yu.”
4. Why was the tribute t Mr. C particularly tuching?
A. Mr. C’s passin fr life dimmed due t injuries.
B. Mr. C wrked hard when schl was shrt-handed.
C. Mr. C was treated as a rck star by his clleagues.
D. Mr. C risked his life in teaching ftball and glf.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times f severe teacher shrtages. (这是一个美丽的致敬，特别是在这个教师严重短缺的时代。)”可知，对C先生的致敬特别感人是因为C先生在学校人手不足时努力工作。故选B。
5. Which is nt the reasn why Mr. C became a belved teacher?
A. His histry class was engaging.B. He cached students in earthquake drills.
C. He encuraged innvative ideas.D. He sparked students’ interest in learning.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Mr. C deserves ur lve. T say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed wh I thught I culd be. Rather than seeing myself as a lser cheerleader wh culdn’t cmpete with the smart kids, I realized hw much I lved learning. His histry class was s interesting. In his classes abut the Persians, Greeks, and Rmans, extra credits can he earned fr creativity. During earthquake drills, we cunted n Mr. C t scream his head ff in pretended terrr.(C先生值得我们爱。说C先生改变了我的生活是轻描淡写的。我是说他改变了我对自己的看法。我不再把自己看作是一个无法与聪明的孩子竞争的失败者啦啦队长，而是意识到我是多么热爱学习。他的历史课很有趣。在他关于波斯人、希腊人和罗马人的课程中，他可以因创造力而获得额外的学分。地震演习时，我们指望C先生假装害怕地尖叫。)”可知，C先生并没有在地震演习中训练学生。故选B。
题型04 数字计算题
【题型诠释】
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。
解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
【典例4】(2023上·重庆沙坪坝·高三重庆八中校考阶段练习) Benefiting frm the 5,000 years histry, many ancient cities exist in the vast land f China. Here are 4 ancient cities in China and each has their unique features.
Shangqiu Ancient City
●Histry: 4,000 years
●Opening Hurs: 08:00-17:30 in winter; 08:00-18: 00 in summer
●Ticket Price: ¥70 per cmb ticket (组合票)
Situated in the Yellw River Valley, Shangqiu area is cnsidered the birthplace f Chinese civilizatin. The best time t visit it is arund the Chinese New Year, when the grandest temple fair at Shangqiu is held t wrship the Gd f Fire.
Ancient City f Pingya
●Histry: 2,700 years
●Opening Hurs: 08: 00-17: 30
●Ticket Price: Free entry
It has n charming landscape, green muntains r clear waters. What is unique there is the well-pre served ancient city with a grand City Wall, traditinal residences, time-hnred shps, and even the previus gvernment ffice.
Fenghuang Ancient Twn
●Histry: 467 years
●Opening Hurs: all day;08: 00-17: 30 fr Tu River day cruise;18: 00-22: 30 fr night cruise
●Ticket Price: Free entry
Cnstructed in 1556, Fenghuang Ancient Twn is anther histrical city in China knwn fr ethnic diversity. Generatins f Mia, Tujia and Han peple live here, and it nw accmmdates28 ethnic grups in ttal.
Huizhu Ancient City
●Histry: 2,240 years
●Opening Hurs: 08: 00-17: 00
●Ticket Price: ¥95 fr ne adult; ¥140 fr ne adult and ne child; ¥230 fr tw adults and ne child. Huizhu Ancient City is famus fr its unique architectural style since the ld days. The Huizhu-style building is ne f the mst imprtant architectural schls in China, using bricks, wd, and stnes as the raw materials.
23. Hw much will a family f a cuple and a child pay fr Huizhu Ancient City?
A. ¥95.B. ¥140.C. ¥230.D. ¥235.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Huizhu Ancient City中的“Ticket Price: ¥95 fr ne adult; ¥140 fr ne adult and ne child; ¥230 fr tw adults and ne child (票价：成人95元；成人1人、儿童1人140元；2名成人和1名儿童230元)”可知，一对夫妇，即两名成年人和一个孩子共支付230元。故选C项。
题型05 排列顺序题
【题型诠释】
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。
解答此类试题的方法：可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
【典例5】(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中) With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs.
DNA testing typically wrks by analyzing the genetic material fund in a sample f cells taken frm the inside f yur dg’s cheek. This sample is then cmpared t a database f knwn breeds and genetic markers assciated with certain traits r health cnditins.
The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. Mst cmpanies ffer several different types f tests that vary in cst and cmplexity. Fr instance, sme tests just analyze yur dg’s breed cmpsitin, while thers can assess additinal genetic markers assciated with certain diseases r behavirs.
Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.
If yu’re lking fr an easy way t learn mre abut yur pup’s backgrund withut spending t much mney, then DNA testing might just be right up yur alley.
10. What is the crrect rder f having an DNA test?
①get the sample prcessed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type f test ⑤place the swab int the cntainer ⑥mail the sample back t the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题中的排列顺序题。根据第三段“The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要1-2周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做DNA检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选A。
题型06 图表图画题
【题型诠释】
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。学生应该把握准图表图画中的一些细微处，找准和题干相关的信息，不得疏忽。
解答此类试题的时候, 一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息, 特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的, 我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
【典例6】(2023上·山东青岛·高三山东省青岛第五十八中学校考期中)
Bringing Gds int the UK
Yu are allwed t bring sme gds fr persnal use withut paying tax r duty.
Arrivals frm EU cuntries
Yu can bring gds frm EU cuntries withut being charged tax r duty if they are:
●transprted by yurself; ●a gift r fr persnal use; ●bught with tax and duty included
Yu can bring alchl and tbacc frm EU cuntries withut restrictin but an inquiry might be required depending n the amunt f yur gds.
Arrivals frm utside the EU
Yu will be free f duty r tax n certain amunts f gds brught frm utside the EU, as lng as they are fr yur wn use. Any gds that are beynd yur allwance shuld be declared.
Alchl & tbacc allwance
※There are n duty-free allwances fr tbacc r alchl if yu’re under 17.
Allwance fr ther gds:
The maximum value f ther gds yu can bring is £390. Any single item that is wrth mre than the allwance will be charged duty r tax n its full value.
The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is:
●2.5% fr gds wrth up t £630;
●decided by the type f gds wrth abve £630-check by calling the VAT, Custms and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK; 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Wrking time: 8 am t 6 pm, Mnday t Friday,
Banned and restricted gds
Gds banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●ffensive weapns; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.
Fd and plant prducts restricted include;
●prducts cntaining pests and diseases;
●prducts grwn utside the EU;
●prducts nt fr yur wn use.
We reserve the right t seize the gds which are n suspicin f vilating intellectual prperty rights.
4. Which f the fllwing prducts frm utside the EU has the largest duty-free allwance?
A. Beer.B. Wine (nt sparkling wine).
C. Spirits.D. Alchlic drinks.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alchl & tbacc allwance 表格中“Beer：16 litres(啤酒：16升)”是所有商品中数额最大的，故“啤酒”这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A。
5. Hw much tax shall ne cming frm China pay fr a ring bught in America wrth £500?
A. £2. 75B. £12.5C. £110.D. £130.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据 “The rate f duty r tax n items abve the allwance is: ●2.5% fr gds wrth up t £630(超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%)”可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B。
6. Which f the fllwing items shall be banned r restricted?
A. A set f Russian dlls.B. A bttle f French wine.
C. A brick f Australian cheese.D. A package f Spanish cigarettes.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Gds banned include: ●meat and dairy prducts frm mst nn-EU cuntries.(禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C。
高考练场
题型01 直接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语I卷A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
23. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
题型02 直接理解题
(2023年新课标高考英语甲卷B篇) Terri Bltnis a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with £ 5 in pcket mney. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and is was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver that cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund £ 823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. Tw fifth wish t increase the value f their huse. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
26. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
27. What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A. It is becming mre cstly.B. It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C. It is turning int a seasnal industry.D. It is gaining ppularity amng females.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
题型03 间接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语乙卷C) What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
28. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
题型04 数字计算题
(2022年新课标高考英语乙卷A篇)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday: 10:00-17:45
Sunday: 12:00 -17:45
Last admissin t the exhibitin: 17:15.There is n re-admissin.
Clsed: 24-26 December and 1 January
Admissin
￡4: Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12. D.￡16.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知，参观者为一对夫妇外加两个十二岁以下的孩子，再根据Admissin中的内容可知，一名成年人可带十二岁以下儿童参观，儿童免费，成年人一位需要花费4英镑，两个大人是8英镑。故选B项。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1. Wh are the intended readers?
A. Red-blded males. B. White-cllar staff. C. Blue-blded turists.D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A. Feature.B. Style.C. Travel.D. Entertainment.
B
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一中校考阶段练习) On July 11, 2023, scientists selected Crawfrd Lake in Canada t represent the start f the Anthrpcene, a new gelgical (地质的) time perid dminated by human beings instead f the frce f nature. The scientists said that sediments (沉积物) at the bttm f the lake clearly shw the impact f industrialized humanity n Earth frm the 1950s nwards.
The Anthrpcene Wrking Grup (AWG) was set up in 2009. In 2016, it cncluded that human-caused changes t Earth were s great that a new gelgical time unit was necessary. The AWG then assessed twelve sites acrss the wrld as candidates fr what gelgists call a “glden spike”, the place where the sudden and glbal changes marking the start f the new gelgical time perid are best recrded in Earth. After three runds f vting, the AWG selected Crawfrd Lake.
“The lake is 24 meters deep but cvers nly 6 acres,” said Francine McCarthy, a member f the AWG. “It is s special that the bttm waters and surface waters d nt mix, except fr what gently sinks t the bttm and settles dwn in sediments. As a result, they allw us t see the changes in Earth histry.”
The AWG has chsen the plutnium istpes (钚同位素) frm H-bmb tests as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene, as they were spread glbally frm 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments. There are ther imprtant markers in the lake sediments, including CO2 fingerprints prduced by the burning f fssil fuels in pwer plants.
“The 1950s saw the start f a sharp increase in industrial, transprt and ecnmic activities that have had huge impacts n Earth,” added McCarthy. “But it is the sharp increase in plutnium specifically that we chse as the key marker.”
Experts said the decisin has scial and plitical imprtance, as it wuld draw attentin t the rle that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the mst bvius impact f the Anthrpcene, but huge lsses f wildlife, the spread f freign species, and the widespread pllutin f the planet are als key features.
4. Why is Crawfrd Lake selected as the “glden spike”?
A. It can best shw the sudden and glbal changes in Earth.
B. It is clse t the testing site f the first nuclear bmb.
C. It can cmpletely separate its sediments frm the air.
D. It is lcated in ne f the mst industrialized cuntries.
5. When did the Anthrpcene start?
A. In 1950.B. In 1952.C. In 2009.D. In 2016.
6. What is cnsidered as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene?
A. The climate crisis.B. The lsses f wildlife.
C. The CO2 fingerprints.D. The plutnium istpes.
7. What might be the significance f the adptin f the Anthrpcene?
A. It will play a key rle in slwing dwn industrializatin.
B. It might help human beings t understand their imprtance.
C. It wuld raise public awareness f envirnment prtectin.
D. It can encurage the unity between the public and pliticians.
C
(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中) The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
8. What des the underlined qute frm the disability rights leader imply cncerning a six-inch curb?
A. It is an unfrgettable symbl.B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an imprtant sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.
9. Accrding t Angela Blackwell, what d many peple believe?
A. It’s nt wrthwhile t prmte health equity.
B. It’s necessary t g all ut t help the disabled.
C. It’s impssible t have everyne treated equally.
D. It’s fair t give the disadvantaged mre help than thers.
10. Which f the fllwing examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A. Spaceflight designs are applied t life n earth.
B. Fur great inventins f China spread t the west.
C. Christpher Clumbus discvered the new wrld.
D. Classic literature gt translated int many languages.
11. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
D
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中) Ging green is gd fr business. Cnsumers are ften willing t pay mre fr ec-friendly prducts than ther cmparable prducts n the market, accrding t market research. But nt all envirnmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer. Cmpanies prmising t be sustainable, r bidegradable smetimes fail t meet the prmises they make t cnsumers.
Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way fr the industry t attract cnsumers. “I think we’re at the tp f green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues. Fr example, a large retailer might rll ut a new line f prducts, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefre theretically has less f an envirnmental impact than the ther clthes the cmpany sells. “Yu think ‘Oh that sunds great,’” Bédat says. But that same cmpany might ignre water usage in the rest f their prducts lines, while ding nthing t address the ther ways that their prductin might be harming the envirnment.
When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbn neutral (碳中和)” still prduces mre carbn than wearing a sweater already in yur clset. She ntes, “The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.”
As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers. In New Yrk, The Fashin Act wuld require fashin cmpanies perating in the state t bey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.
12. What is the purpse f greenwashing?
A. T advcate prper use f water.B. T intrduce green ways t wash clthes.
C. T reduce the impact n envirnment.D. T appeal t thse ec-friendly custmers.
13. What des the example in paragraph 3 present?
A. A new trend in fashin.B. A new kind f prduct.
C. A trick f greenwashing.D. A large issue f a cmpany.
14. What is Bérdat’s attitude twards greenwashing?
A. Dubtful.B. Indifferent.C. Disapprving.D. Tlerant.
15. Why did Eurpean Unin put frward a new law?
A. T enhance the quality f prducts.B. T shelter custmers frm greenwashing.
C. T raise peple’s awareness f ging green.D. T encurage carbn-neutral prduct lines.
A篇
1. D 2. A 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者应该是新手露营者。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.(多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及标题“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露营小贴士：哪种过夜的野外体验适合你？)”和第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。由此推知，你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选C项。
B篇
4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年7月11日，AWG决定把加拿大境内的Crawfrd Lake认定为“人类世”开始的地理标记。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The AWG then assessed twelve sites acrss the wrld as candidates fr what gelgists call a ‘glden spike’, the place where the sudden and glbal changes marking the start f the new gelgical time perid are best recrded in Earth.(AWG随后评估了世界各地的12个地点，作为地质学家所说的“金穗”的候选地点，在这里，地球上最能记录到标志着新地质时期开始的全球突然变化)”以及第三段中“It is s special that the bttm waters and surface waters d nt mix, except fr what gently sinks t the bttm and settles dwn in sediments. As a result, they allw us t see the changes in Earth histry.(它是如此特殊，以至于底层水和表层水不会混合，除了那些轻轻沉入海底并沉淀在沉积物中的水。因此，它们使我们能够看到地球历史的变化)”可知，Crawfrd Lake被选中的原因是它最能显示地球的突然的和全球性变化。故选A项。
5. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The AWG has chsen the plutnium istpes (钚同位素) frm H-bmb tests as the key marker fr the Anthrpcene, as they were spread glbally frm 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments.(AWG选择来自氢弹试验的钚同位素作为人类世的关键标志，因为它们从1952年开始在全球传播，但在20世纪60年代中期禁止核试验后迅速减少，导致沉积物激增)”可知，人类世开始于1952年。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“But it is the sharp increase in plutnium specifically that we chse as the key marker.(但我们选择钚的急剧增加作为关键标志)”可知，钚同位素被认为是人类世的关键标志。故选D项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Experts said the decisin has scial and plitical imprtance, as it wuld draw attentin t the rle that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the mst bvius impact f the Anthrpcene, but huge lsses f wildlife, the spread f freign species, and the widespread pllutin f the planet are als key features.(专家表示，这一决定具有社会和政治意义，因为它将引起人们对工业化人类在塑造地球方面所起作用的关注。气候危机是人类世最明显的影响，但野生动物的巨大损失、外来物种的传播和地球的广泛污染也是主要特征)”可知，采用人类世的意义在于它将提高公众的环保意识。故选C项。
C篇
8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过“路缘坡效应”讲述了当社会为弱势群体创造便利时，可能也会同时帮助其他群体，从而惠及所有人。
8. 短语猜测题。根据第三段中画线词前一句“That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance.(对于坐轮椅的人来说，这是一件大事，因为没有坡道可以帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。)”可知，在没有坡道时，坐轮椅的人没有办法上下路缘，这里一位残疾人权益领导说一个六英尺高的路缘“might as well have been Munt Everest”，即相当于珠穆朗玛峰，由此可推测出，这暗示了一个六英尺高的路缘对坐轮椅的人来说是一个难以通过的障碍。故选B。
9. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as ‘a zer-sum game(零和游戏)’ and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a ‘prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.’(Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将公平视为‘零和游戏’，人们普遍认为存在‘有成见的社会怀疑：故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。’)”可知，许多人认为公平是“零和游戏”，即一方的收益必然造成另一方的损失，他们普遍认为故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。由此可推测出，许多人认为公平对待所有人是不可能的。故选C。
10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that ‘when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.’(不过，Blackwell说，路缘坡效应表明，‘当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。’)”可知，路缘坡效应表明，当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。结合四个选项可知，代表先进技术中国四大发明传入当时条件落后的西方，让西方国家学习到了新技术，同时为欧洲人开辟新航路、打开世界市场提供了条件，从而给整个世界带来了改变，这是共赢的局面。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
D篇
12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了消费者倾向于购买环保产品，但很多公司往往进行虚假的环保宣传，尤其是时尚行业，这种“漂绿”行为容易误导消费者，所以消费者需要重新思考自己的购物行为，政府也开始采取措施保护消费者。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Greenwashing’ is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer.(‘漂绿’是一种错误信息，经常被用来吸引热情的环保消费者。)”可知，“漂绿”的目的是吸引那些环保消费者。故选D。
13. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Retailers(零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues.(零售商会通过分散消费者对公司更大问题的注意力来误导消费者。)”可知，本段首先指出零售商误导消费者的手段，即通过分散消费者对更大问题的注意力，接着举了一家大型零售商通过用水量少的牛仔裤吸引大众，让大众忽视该公司其他损害环境的产品这一例子具体说明。由此可推测出，这个例子展示了“漂绿”的骗人把戏。故选C。
14. 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards.(专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库——新标准研究所所长Maxine Bédat表示，漂绿在时尚行业尤其常见。)”和倒数第二段中的“When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits.(谈到时尚，Bérdat说要重新思考购物习惯。)”以及该段中她说的话“The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.(作为消费者，你能做的最可持续的事情就是多穿你拥有的东西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库工作，她认为漂绿在时尚行业很常见，并建议重新思考购物习惯，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推测出，她对漂绿这种现象不支持，故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers.(随着越来越多的公司寻求从可持续营销中获利，政府开始采取更多行动来保护消费者。)”和最后一句“A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.(欧盟成员国提出的一项新法律将更严格地监管在欧洲销售的产品上的环境声明和可持续性标签。)”可知，欧盟提出的一项新法律有利于严格规范产品上的环境声明和可持续性标签，这属于政府层面的保护措施，能够更好地保护消费者免受漂绿的误导。故选B。
项目
年份 卷别
语篇类型
题型
应用文
记叙文
说明文
议论文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨要义
词义猜测
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全国甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全国乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全国甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全国乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全国甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全国乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全国I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全国Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
Type f gds
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tbacc
Beer
Wine (nt sparking wine)
Spirits
Alchlic drinks
Amunt
200
50
250 grams
16 litres
4 litres
1 litres
2 litres
Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
€7.50
€5.00
3 hurs
€11.00
€7.50
1 day (24 hurs)
€14.75
€9.75
Each additinal day
€8.00
€6.00
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct.,15:00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13:10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv.,13:10
MARTIN POSTLE
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