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【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题07 阅读理解之推理判断题-试卷
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这是一份【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题07 阅读理解之推理判断题-试卷，文件包含专题07阅读理解之推理判断题-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用原卷版docx、专题07阅读理解之推理判断题-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共42页， 欢迎下载使用。
从以上表格可以看出，高考英语对于推理判断题的考查，基本上占到了阅读理解总题量的五分之一，有时达到了三分之一或二分之一。
高考阅读理解推理判断题属于主观题，要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论。这类题是层次较高的题型，包括判断和推理题。它要求学生通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。
这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，准确理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深层含义。既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。
【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有：
It can be inferred/ cncluded that _________.
Which f the fllwing cnclusins can we draw accrding t the passage?
In which f the fllwing publicatin wuld this passage mst likely be printed?
The passage implies, but desn’t directly state that _________.
The writer suggests that _________.
What’s the authr’s attitude tward _________?
The writer prbably feels that _________.
The authr uses the examples f... t shw that _________.
推理判断隐含意义题解题思路：
推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，作者的言外之意。
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;
②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里、由浅入深、从具体到抽象、从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
④要把握句，段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
除此之外，还要注意几个误区：
①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。
③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。
④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。
⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
题型归纳
题型01 细节推断题
【题型诠释】
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
命题形式：
1. It can be inferred/cncluded frm the text that .
2. What can we infer/learn
3. We can learn frm the passage that .
4. The that .
关键词句细推敲:
第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
【典例1】(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs.
DNA testing typically wrks by analyzing the genetic material fund in a sample f cells taken frm the inside f yur dg’s cheek. This sample is then cmpared t a database f knwn breeds and genetic markers assciated with certain traits r health cnditins.
The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. Mst cmpanies ffer several different types f tests that vary in cst and cmplexity. Fr instance, sme tests just analyze yur dg’s breed cmpsitin, while thers can assess additinal genetic markers assciated with certain diseases r behavirs.
Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.
If yu’re lking fr an easy way t learn mre abut yur pup’s backgrund withut spending t much mney, then DNA testing might just be right up yur alley.
8. What is the primary purpse f DNA testing fr dgs?
A. T identify a dg’s persnality traits.B. T reveal a dg’s future behaviral changes.
C. T determine a dg’s scializatin preferences.D. T btain a dg’s breed and genetic infrmatin.
【答案】D
【解析】细节推断题。根据第一段“With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs. (近年来，随着易于使用的家庭试剂盒的出现，狗的DNA检测在狗主人中越来越受欢迎。它可以为了解狗的品种、健康风险甚至行为提供宝贵的见解。)”可知，对狗进行DNA检测的主要目的是获取狗的品种和基因信息。故选D。
题型02 因果推断题
【题型诠释】
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。它的首要呈现方法如下:
1.阶段(含首段)榜首句假如表达一种因果联系，一般为考点。
2.文章中细节性的因果联系---一般由一些表明因果联系的词汇手法表达。
(1)表明因果联系的名词：basis (依据), result, cnsequence, reasn;
(2)表明因果联系的动词：result in (结果), result frm (因为，由……), fllw frm (……结果), base…n… (以……为根底), be due t (因为);
(3)表明因果联系的连词或介词：because, since, fr, as, therefre, s, thus, why, with;
(4)表明因果联系的副词：as a result, cnsequently等。
为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系进行颠倒，将“因变成了果、果变成了因”，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止混淆。
【典例2】(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)
The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
26. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
【答案】A
【解析】因果推断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
题型03 人物性格，态度及观点判断题
【题型诠释】
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物语气，言谈话语中流露的情绪，性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度，观点等方面的理解题。
做这一类题时一定要留意：
1)由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2)特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
【典例3】(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中)
Ging green is gd fr business. Cnsumers are ften willing t pay mre fr ec-friendly prducts than ther cmparable prducts n the market, accrding t market research. But nt all envirnmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer. Cmpanies prmising t be sustainable, r bidegradable smetimes fail t meet the prmises they make t cnsumers.
Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way fr the industry t attract cnsumers. “I think we’re at the tp f green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues. Fr example, a large retailer might rll ut a new line f prducts, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefre theretically has less f an envirnmental impact than the ther clthes the cmpany sells. “Yu think ‘Oh that sunds great,’” Bédat says. But that same cmpany might ignre water usage in the rest f their prducts lines, while ding nthing t address the ther ways that their prductin might be harming the envirnment.
When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbn neutral (碳中和)” still prduces mre carbn than wearing a sweater already in yur clset. She ntes, “The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.”
As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers. In New Yrk, The Fashin Act wuld require fashin cmpanies perating in the state t bey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.
29. What is Bérdat’s attitude twards greenwashing?
A. Dubtful.B. Indifferent.C. Disapprving.D. Tlerant.
【答案】C
【解析】观点态度判断题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards.(专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库——新标准研究所所长Maxine Bédat表示，漂绿在时尚行业尤其常见。)”和倒数第二段中的“When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits.(谈到时尚，Bérdat说要重新思考购物习惯。)”以及该段中她说的话“The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.(作为消费者，你能做的最可持续的事情就是多穿你拥有的东西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库工作，她认为漂绿在时尚行业很常见，并建议重新思考购物习惯，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推测出，她对漂绿这种现象不支持，故选C。
题型04 猜测想象推理题
【题型诠释】
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理和想象，一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等，从而作出比较科学的预测。
这类题目常见的设问形式有：
What d yu think will happen when/if ________?
At the end f this passage, the writer might cntinue t write ________.
The paragraph fllwing the passage will mst prbably be abut ________.
Which f the fllwing statements is mst likely t be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
【典例4】(2023上·广东东莞·高三东莞市东莞中学校联考期中)
Mia, 12, is nw n a year-lng trip with her parents and three yunger brthers. Far frm their hme in Quebec, Canada, the family rde hrses in Mnglia, kayaked in Cambdia, camped in Namibia and flew in a ht air balln in Turkey, lking t cllect as many nce-in-a-lifetime memries as they culd.
The memries really matter because unless science makes a breakthrugh sn, three f the children will becme blind, likely in adulthd. They have been diagnsed with a disease that has n effective treatment and n specific timeline as it gradually rbs them f their sight.
The diagnses came in 2015. Despite the grief, the parents were surprised t find Mia, then 7, was calm abut it. She annunced that she wuld need t start keeping her bedrm especially neat, with everything in its place. “In the future, I’ll need t knw where things are,” Mia said.
“She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.” And s the idea f a yearlng trip was brn, ne that wuld shw the kids the wrld, in persn and at clse range – while the kids culd still see it. Fr the next tw years, the parents saved mney and researched places t visit. “Hw we adults see the wrld and hw kids see the wrld are s different.” says the mther, Edith. “It wuld have t be less abut temples and museums and mre abut whatever caught their eyes.”
By the time the trip began t wind dwn in early 2023, the family had traveled 52,000 miles and visited 18 cuntries. Mia grew taller and when entering adlescence, needed mre independence. Her brthers became mre cnfident and utging. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lt. “There’s a lt f suffering, a lt f pverty, but lts f gd and interesting things t. We shuld be psitive.” said Mia.
25. What can be inferred abut the parents frm paragraph 3 and 4?
A. They are ptimistic abut the children’s disease.
B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas.
C. They are prud f their daughter’s curage t face difficulties.
D. They are pen-minded enugh t respect their children’s decisin.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段““She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.”(“她在自己寻找解决办法，”父母互相告诉对方。“我们需要跟随她的脚步。”)”可知，这对父母很开明，尊重孩子的决定，故选D。
题型05 写作意图推测题
【题型诠释】
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路，推测作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。
写作意图推测题的常见设问方式有：
Fr what purpse did the authr write the passage?
The writer writes this passage in rder t _________.
The purpse f the text is t _________.
What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
The writer uses…in the first paragraph t ________.
The writer uses the example f….t _________.
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
【典例5】(2023上·湖南长沙·高三雅礼中学校考期中)
The mst valuable thing I ever lst was a pair f diamnd earrings I bught many years ag at a charity auctin (拍卖会). Thugh very beautiful, they were heavy and turned ut t be painful t wear. I wrte abut the lst earrings in my new children’s bk, The Christmas Pig. When they reach the Land f the Lst, where the her must g t rescue his mst belved ty, my earrings are angry that they aren’t treated with the respect they think they deserve. They sn find ut that being made f diamnds cunts fr very little in the strange wrld where human-made bjects g when lst, because a thing’s imprtance there depends n hw much it’s truly lved.
The Christmas Pig explres a deep attachment t an ld bject. It’s abut the jurney f a by, Jack, wh is a little lst himself but discvers his bravery and ability t lve in a strange wrld. Of all the bks I’ve written, this is the ne that made me cry the mst, because I was dealing with emtins that run deep in all f us. Lss and change are hard fr children, and acceptance f these unavidable parts f life isn’t much easier fr adults. The Christmas Pig shws hw human beings-even small, lst nes-are capable f wnderful, heric acts.
A very strange thing happened n the day I finished editing The Christmas Pig. After emailing the final versin t my editr, I set abut clearing ut a cupbard. The last bject I picked up was a small bx. I pened it. There were my lng-lst diamnd earrings. I’ve decided t sell them and give the mney t a charity. I think it will be a nice ending fr my earrings’ stry t have them d sme gd fr children in the Land f the Living.
Hw many times have I been asked whether I believe in magic? On the day I finished The Christmas Pig, fr a few shining mments, I really did.
27. What des the authr want t tell us thrugh the stry f her earrings?
A. Magic in bks can happen in real life.B. Smetimes warm magic can happen in life.
C. We shuld dnate t help thse in need.D. Lst things will turn up sner r later.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hw many times have I been asked whether I believe in magic? On the day I finished The Christmas Pig, fr a few shining mments, I really did.(有多少次我被问到是否相信魔法？在我完成《圣诞猪》的那一天，我真的做到了)”可推知，作者想通过她丢失耳环的故事告诉我们，有时书中的魔法也会发生在现实生活中。故选B。
高考练场
题型01 细节推断题
(2023年新高考全国I卷C篇)
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
30. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
题型02 因果推断题
(2022年新高考全国I卷D篇)
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Mran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
题型03 人物性格，态度及观点判断题
(2023年新高考全国I卷D篇)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】D
【解析】作者观点推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
题型04 猜测想象推理题
(2022年新高考全国I卷B篇)
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。
题型05 写作意图推测题
(2022年新高考全国I卷D篇)
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there —brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins”和最后一段“He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.”可知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·山东济宁·高三曲阜一中校考期中)
September Classes
When: September 1, 15 & 28, 2024, frm 10 am t 11:30 am
Applicatin Deadline: August 28, 2024
Cst: $12 per participant
Lcatin: Ck Museum f Natural Science, 133 Furth Avenue, Decatur, Alabama
Registratin:
Limited spts are available. Thse wh wuld like t participate in the class shuld register and pay the $12 fee in advance. Admissin t the Exhibits is nt included. There are tw ways t register: g t the Guest Services desk in the museum directly r cntact the Grup Sales department during regular weekday business hurs at grups @ckmuseum.rg r (256) 898-6312.
September Class Tpics:
1. What is the clsing date fr September Classes registratin?
A. August 28.B. September 1.C. September 15.D. September 28.
2. Hw can participants sign up fr the classes?
A. G t the Grup Sales department.B. Visit the Guest Services desk in persn.
C. Call (256) 898-6312 n weekends.D. Email Ck Museum’s website.
3. What can participants d in the class fr K-4th students?
A. Tur arund a weather statin.B. Explre lcal animals and plants.
C. Observe natural disasters utdrs.D. Learn the secrets behind the weather.
B
(2023上·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校考阶段练习) Everyne tries their best in life, and smetimes a few kind wrds f encuragement can help peple realize that their effrts are nt in vain (徒劳). Ⅰ remember a time when I was in fifth grade, and I was a very shy girl.
There was a drawing cmpetitin at my schl that day. As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (画布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”
Taking her wrds f wisdm t heart, I started my painting. Time flew by, and sn the bell rang, signaling the end f the time limit. We all turned in ur canvases fr inspectin (检查). The next day, the winners f the cmpetitin were annunced in frnt f the whle schl. T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.
Later n, I expressed my gratitude t my art teacher fr her wrds f encuragement and fr believing in me. That day, I became aware f my talent and started painting mre whenever I had free time. Smetimes, I think that if it weren’t fr her wrds f encuragement, I may have never discvered the talent I have.
Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life.
4. What was the authr ding when called by the art teacher?
A. Organizing a drawing cmpetitin.B. Trying t get sme creative ideas.
C. Painting her wrk n her canvas.D. Trying t get help frm thers.
5. What did the authr think f the cmpetitin?
A. Easy.B. Interesting.C. Challenging.D. Encuraging.
6. What d the underlined wrds “blt frm the blue” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Addictin.B. Puzzlement.C. Disappintment.D. Surprise.
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Pwer f EncuragementB. The Imprtance f Art Cmpetitins
C. Overcming Shyness Thrugh PaintingD. Discvering Yur Great Natural Ability
C
(2023上·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校考阶段练习) After cllege I wanted t make a difference in the wrld, s I jined the Peace Crps and became a vlunteer teacher in Namibia, my cuntry f assignment (任务). Hnestly, my first chice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I was sent there.
Varius tribes and racial grups live in Namibia and a number f languages are spken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the fficial language. Teachers were suppsed t teach in English, but many lacked the language skills t d s. My jb was t train the teachers.
Schls were quite bare. Sme classrms cnsisted merely f sticks stuck in the sand and a metal rf. Each student had nly ne threadbare unifrm. The students had exhausting days. They walked miles t get t schl, ften bareft. They als did many daily chres. Even with their muntains f wrk, few pssessins and little pprtunity, these children were jyful. I admired that.
This was my first time living abrad in a different culture. Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. I had n electricity, running water, phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! Hwever, I culd end each day with a splendid African sunset. And at night, I culd have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way (银河).
Befre Namibia, I never thught a girl like me wuld adapt t such an envirnment. My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves, but als ur amazing ability t adapt.
Step utside f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yurself in anther culture. Yu wn’t regret it.
8. What d we knw abut Namibia befre 1990?
A. Everyne culd speak many languages.B. Teachers taught English as an fficial language.
C. It was ruled by ther cuntries.D. Teachers had a gd cmmand f English.
9. What des the underlined wrd “threadbare” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Ancient.B. Uncmfrtable.C. Ugly.D. Shabby.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes the authr accrding t Paragraph 4?
A. Hnest and fearless.B. Brave and clever.
C. Adaptable and ptimistic.D. Generus and kind.
11. Why did the authr feel grateful t vlunteer in Namibia?
A. She gained pure friendship frm African children.
B. The beautiful scenery in Africa impressed her a lt.
C. She succeeded in challenging her limits.
D. Africans’ hard life tuched her deeply.
D
(2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习) Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.
Cameras revealed an “amazing” drp in the number f animals up t 23 days befre a majr quake hit their rainfrest hme at Yanachaga Natinal Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, frm Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results shwed that just befre the earthquake, animals’ activity drpped right dwn.”
On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake.
Anther study shwed that animal activity remained nrmal in the park ver a different perid when seismic (地震的) activity was lw. C-authr, prfessr Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were lcated at an altitude f 900 meters. If air inizatin ccurred, the animals wuld escape t the valley belw, where there were fewer psitive ins ( 离子). With their ability t sense their envirnment, animals can help us understand small changes that ccur befre majr earthquakes.”
Other evidence suggested that befre the earthquake, the air arund the high muntain sites filled with psitive ins that can be prduced when rcks are placed under stress. Psitive ins have been knwn t cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. The findings may help experts develp better shrt-term seismic frecasts.
12. Hw did scientists cnduct the study?
A. By cmparing different animals’ habits.B. By bserving animals in high muntains.
C. By explaining the psitive in phenmenn.D. By analyzing images f animals they btained.
13. What can be inferred frm animal activity befre earthquakes?
A. The grund at a lwer altitude is less inized.
B. Cameras nrmally recrd mre animals per day.
C. Earthquake warnings can be detected in lwer places.
D. The activity f animals and earthquakes is cnsistent.
14. What can we learn frm the text?
A. The findings make fr accurate seismic frecast.
B. Animals tend t be uneasy with mre psitive ins.
C. Psitive ins make humans and animals depressed.
D. All the animals remain abnrmal befre the earthquake.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Negative Influence f Psitive Ins.B. Ins’ Destructin t the Envirnment.
C. Animals’ Behavir Befre Earthquakes.D. Creatures’ Ability t Predict Earthquakes.
参考答案与解析
A篇
1. A 2. B 2. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了九月课程的具体信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据Applicatin Deadline部分的August 28, 2024(2024年8月28日)”可知，9月班报名截止日期为8月28日。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Registratin部分的“There are tw ways t register: g t the Guest Services desk in the museum directly r cntact the Grup Sales department during regular weekday business hurs at grups@ckmuseum.rg r (256) 898-6312.(报名有两种方式:直接到博物馆的宾客服务台，或在工作日正常营业时间内致电grups@ckmuseum.rg或(256)898-6312与集团销售部联系。)”可知，学员可亲自到宾客服务台报名参加课程。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据Weather Watchers部分的“With Weather Watchers, participants step int the shes f meterlgists (气象学家) and learn the frmatin f lcal weather events. …Tgether, they will explre why these lcal weather events are s imprtant t native animals and plants.(在“天气观察者”项目中，参与者将扮演气象学家的角色，了解当地天气事件的形成。互动演示让参与者在教室里观察云、闪电和风暴的发展。参与者还将共同创建自己的气象站。他们将一起探索为什么这些当地的天气事件对本地动植物如此重要。)”可推知，参与者可以在这个课堂上了解天气背后的秘密。故选D。
B篇
4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己的一次参赛经历来证明鼓励的重要性。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段“As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind.(当每个人都开始用他们的创意来画画时，我只是想一些能表达我想法和情绪的创意。我迷失在自己的世界里，当我的艺术老师从背后呼唤我的名字时，我又回到了现实)”可知，当艺术老师叫作者时，作者正在努力获得一些富有创造力的思路。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (画布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”(当每个人都开始用他们的创意来画画时，我只是想一些能表达我想法和情绪的创意。我迷失在自己的世界里，当我的艺术老师从背后呼唤我的名字时，我又回到了现实。她走到我面前鼓励我，说：“不要想得太多，只要把你想到的都写在画布上。尽你所能，你就会做得很好。”)”可知，别的学生已经开始画画了，但是作者还在苦苦构思；且艺术老师对作者说：“不要想太多，只要把你想到的东西画在画布上就行了。”这些都说明作者觉得这次比赛对自己来说很难，很有挑战性。故选C。
6. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.(令我惊讶的是，我听到二等奖里有自己的名字。这对我来说是blt frm the blue，因为我从来不敢梦想赢得任何奖项)”可知，作者做梦都不敢想能得到任何奖品，所以听到自己获奖的消息后感到非常惊讶，划线部分表示“震惊，惊讶”,与surprise同义。故选D。
7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life.(总的来说，这段经历教会了我鼓励他人的重要性，以及几句友善的话如何对某人的生活产生重大影响)”以及文章内容可知，作者通过讲述自己的一次参赛经历来证明鼓励的重要性，所以“鼓励的力量”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
C篇
8. C 9. D 10. C 11. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到非洲做志愿者的工作经历以及感悟。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Namibia gained independence in 1990”可知，纳米比亚在1990年获得独立，所以在1990年以前纳米比亚是被其他国家统治的，故选C。
9. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“ften bareft”以及“few pssessins”可知，孩子们的生活非常艰苦，而且由画线词前面的“nly ne”可知，他们每人仅有一件校服，所以“threadbare”应表示“破旧的”，故只有D项“shabby”符合语境，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. ”(仅仅是适应生活条件就需要很大的调整)可知作者适应了当地的生活环境，体现出其适应能力很强。根据“I had n electricity，running water，phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! ”(没有电，没有自来水，没有电话，也没有互联网。想象一下，没有空调，那里的温度往往高于38摄氏度)可知纳米比亚的生活条件很艰苦，可是作者却能“end each day with a splendid African sunset”(在灿烂的非洲日落中结束每一天)以及“have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way”(欣赏瑰丽的银河系)，由此可知，作者是一个非常乐观的人，故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I am extremely grateful that I was sent there”(我很感激被派到那里)以及倒数第二段中的“My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves，but als ur amazing ability t adapt.”（我的经历不仅让我意识到我们给自己设置的限制，也让我意识到我们惊人的适应能力）和最后一段内容可知，这段经历让作者意识到走出自己的舒适区并且在另一个环境中挑战自己的极限的重要意义，所以关于这段经历她心存感激。C项中的“challenging her limits”照应了文中的“awakened me t nt nly the limitatins”，故选C。
D篇
12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。
12. 细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake. (在平常的一天，放置在Yanachaga国家公园周围的摄像机记录了5到15只动物。但在地震前的23天，动物的数量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震前的七天中，有五天根本没有拍摄到任何动物)”可知，在地震前后摄像机捕捉到的动物的图像的数量是有所变化的。由此可知，科学家通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选D。
13. 推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。他们被认为逃到了较低的地面，那里的空气电离程度较低。)”可知，从地震前的动物活动中可以推断出海拔较低的地面电离程度较低。故选A。
14. 细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到动物往往对较多的正离子感到不安。故选B。
15. 主旨大意题。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。文章第一段讲到“Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.(动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电力来预测地震—这是第一项发现这种现象可靠证据的研究。)”可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合这篇文章的标题。故选C。
项目
年份 卷别
语篇类型
题型
应用文
记叙文
说明文
议论文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨要义
词义猜测
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全国甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全国乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全国甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全国乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全国甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全国乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全国I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全国Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
All Abut Squid (鱿鱼)
Grade Levels: 5th-12th
Maximum: 15 participants
Investigate the amazing bdy structure f these creatures!Mst peple refer t squid as great fd and the glden fried rings are hard t resist, but fr researchers, these creatures have been subjects f scientific study fr fur decades. In this interactive class, participants will cut pen a squid and study hw their unique design allws them t catch fd and escape frm enemies.
Weather Watchers Grade Levels: K-4th
Maximum: 10 participants
Weather events such as cluds, lightning and strms can be s astnishing that we smetimes frget that it isn’t magic — it is SCIENCE!With Weather Watchers, participants step int the shes f meterlgists (气象学家) and learn the frmatin f lcal weather events. Interactive demnstratins allw the participants t watch the develpment f cluds, lightning and strms in the classrm. Participants will als wrk tgether t create their wn weather statin. Tgether, they will explre why these lcal weather events are s imprtant t native animals and plants.
从以上表格可以看出，高考英语对于推理判断题的考查，基本上占到了阅读理解总题量的五分之一，有时达到了三分之一或二分之一。
高考阅读理解推理判断题属于主观题，要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论。这类题是层次较高的题型，包括判断和推理题。它要求学生通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。
这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，准确理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深层含义。既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。
【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有：
It can be inferred/ cncluded that _________.
Which f the fllwing cnclusins can we draw accrding t the passage?
In which f the fllwing publicatin wuld this passage mst likely be printed?
The passage implies, but desn’t directly state that _________.
The writer suggests that _________.
What’s the authr’s attitude tward _________?
The writer prbably feels that _________.
The authr uses the examples f... t shw that _________.
推理判断隐含意义题解题思路：
推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，作者的言外之意。
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;
②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里、由浅入深、从具体到抽象、从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
④要把握句，段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
除此之外，还要注意几个误区：
①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。
③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。
④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。
⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
题型归纳
题型01 细节推断题
【题型诠释】
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
命题形式：
1. It can be inferred/cncluded frm the text that .
2. What can we infer/learn
3. We can learn frm the passage that .
4. The that .
关键词句细推敲:
第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
【典例1】(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs.
DNA testing typically wrks by analyzing the genetic material fund in a sample f cells taken frm the inside f yur dg’s cheek. This sample is then cmpared t a database f knwn breeds and genetic markers assciated with certain traits r health cnditins.
The first step in btaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type yu want. Mst cmpanies ffer several different types f tests that vary in cst and cmplexity. Fr instance, sme tests just analyze yur dg’s breed cmpsitin, while thers can assess additinal genetic markers assciated with certain diseases r behavirs.
Then it’s time t cllect yur dg’s sample using the prvided swab (拭子) kit r saliva-cllectin tube included with mst kits. The swab shuld be gently rubbed inside yur pet’s cheek accrding t the kit’s directins befre being placed int the cllectin cntainer prvided by the cmpany. After cllecting the sample, it shuld be mailed back t the labratry fr prcessing accrding t instructins given by the cmpany prviding the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks fr results t be prcessed and sent back via email r mail. Results will vary depending n which type f test was purchased, but they generally include detailed infrmatin abut yur pet’s breed cmpsitin as well as any ptential health risks r behaviral traits assciated with their genetics that culd affect their verall well-being and quality f life.
If yu’re lking fr an easy way t learn mre abut yur pup’s backgrund withut spending t much mney, then DNA testing might just be right up yur alley.
8. What is the primary purpse f DNA testing fr dgs?
A. T identify a dg’s persnality traits.B. T reveal a dg’s future behaviral changes.
C. T determine a dg’s scializatin preferences.D. T btain a dg’s breed and genetic infrmatin.
【答案】D
【解析】细节推断题。根据第一段“With the availability f easy-t-use at-hme kits, DNA testing fr dgs has becme increasingly ppular amng dg wners in recent years. It can prvide invaluable insights int a dg’s breed, health risks, and even behavirs. (近年来，随着易于使用的家庭试剂盒的出现，狗的DNA检测在狗主人中越来越受欢迎。它可以为了解狗的品种、健康风险甚至行为提供宝贵的见解。)”可知，对狗进行DNA检测的主要目的是获取狗的品种和基因信息。故选D。
题型02 因果推断题
【题型诠释】
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。它的首要呈现方法如下:
1.阶段(含首段)榜首句假如表达一种因果联系，一般为考点。
2.文章中细节性的因果联系---一般由一些表明因果联系的词汇手法表达。
(1)表明因果联系的名词：basis (依据), result, cnsequence, reasn;
(2)表明因果联系的动词：result in (结果), result frm (因为，由……), fllw frm (……结果), base…n… (以……为根底), be due t (因为);
(3)表明因果联系的连词或介词：because, since, fr, as, therefre, s, thus, why, with;
(4)表明因果联系的副词：as a result, cnsequently等。
为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系进行颠倒，将“因变成了果、果变成了因”，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止混淆。
【典例2】(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)
The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
26. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
【答案】A
【解析】因果推断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
题型03 人物性格，态度及观点判断题
【题型诠释】
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物语气，言谈话语中流露的情绪，性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度，观点等方面的理解题。
做这一类题时一定要留意：
1)由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2)特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
【典例3】(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中)
Ging green is gd fr business. Cnsumers are ften willing t pay mre fr ec-friendly prducts than ther cmparable prducts n the market, accrding t market research. But nt all envirnmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a frm f misinfrmatin ften used t fascinate an enthusiastic green cnsumer. Cmpanies prmising t be sustainable, r bidegradable smetimes fail t meet the prmises they make t cnsumers.
Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way fr the industry t attract cnsumers. “I think we’re at the tp f green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead cnsumers by distracting them frm a cmpany’s larger issues. Fr example, a large retailer might rll ut a new line f prducts, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefre theretically has less f an envirnmental impact than the ther clthes the cmpany sells. “Yu think ‘Oh that sunds great,’” Bédat says. But that same cmpany might ignre water usage in the rest f their prducts lines, while ding nthing t address the ther ways that their prductin might be harming the envirnment.
When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbn neutral (碳中和)” still prduces mre carbn than wearing a sweater already in yur clset. She ntes, “The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.”
As mre cmpanies lk t cash in n sustainable marketing, gvernments are beginning t take mre actin t safeguard cnsumers. In New Yrk, The Fashin Act wuld require fashin cmpanies perating in the state t bey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brught frth by members f the Eurpean Unin wuld mre strictly regulate envirnmental claims and sustainability labels slapped n prducts sld in Eurpe.
29. What is Bérdat’s attitude twards greenwashing?
A. Dubtful.B. Indifferent.C. Disapprving.D. Tlerant.
【答案】C
【解析】观点态度判断题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly cmmn in the fashin industry, says Maxine Bédat, directr f The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智库) fcused n imprving the industry’s envirnmental standards.(专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库——新标准研究所所长Maxine Bédat表示，漂绿在时尚行业尤其常见。)”和倒数第二段中的“When it cmes t fashin, Bérdat says t rethink shpping habits.(谈到时尚，Bérdat说要重新思考购物习惯。)”以及该段中她说的话“The mst sustainable thing yu can d as a cnsumer is wear the things yu have mre.(作为消费者，你能做的最可持续的事情就是多穿你拥有的东西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库工作，她认为漂绿在时尚行业很常见，并建议重新思考购物习惯，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推测出，她对漂绿这种现象不支持，故选C。
题型04 猜测想象推理题
【题型诠释】
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理和想象，一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等，从而作出比较科学的预测。
这类题目常见的设问形式有：
What d yu think will happen when/if ________?
At the end f this passage, the writer might cntinue t write ________.
The paragraph fllwing the passage will mst prbably be abut ________.
Which f the fllwing statements is mst likely t be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
【典例4】(2023上·广东东莞·高三东莞市东莞中学校联考期中)
Mia, 12, is nw n a year-lng trip with her parents and three yunger brthers. Far frm their hme in Quebec, Canada, the family rde hrses in Mnglia, kayaked in Cambdia, camped in Namibia and flew in a ht air balln in Turkey, lking t cllect as many nce-in-a-lifetime memries as they culd.
The memries really matter because unless science makes a breakthrugh sn, three f the children will becme blind, likely in adulthd. They have been diagnsed with a disease that has n effective treatment and n specific timeline as it gradually rbs them f their sight.
The diagnses came in 2015. Despite the grief, the parents were surprised t find Mia, then 7, was calm abut it. She annunced that she wuld need t start keeping her bedrm especially neat, with everything in its place. “In the future, I’ll need t knw where things are,” Mia said.
“She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.” And s the idea f a yearlng trip was brn, ne that wuld shw the kids the wrld, in persn and at clse range – while the kids culd still see it. Fr the next tw years, the parents saved mney and researched places t visit. “Hw we adults see the wrld and hw kids see the wrld are s different.” says the mther, Edith. “It wuld have t be less abut temples and museums and mre abut whatever caught their eyes.”
By the time the trip began t wind dwn in early 2023, the family had traveled 52,000 miles and visited 18 cuntries. Mia grew taller and when entering adlescence, needed mre independence. Her brthers became mre cnfident and utging. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lt. “There’s a lt f suffering, a lt f pverty, but lts f gd and interesting things t. We shuld be psitive.” said Mia.
25. What can be inferred abut the parents frm paragraph 3 and 4?
A. They are ptimistic abut the children’s disease.
B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas.
C. They are prud f their daughter’s curage t face difficulties.
D. They are pen-minded enugh t respect their children’s decisin.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段““She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.”(“她在自己寻找解决办法，”父母互相告诉对方。“我们需要跟随她的脚步。”)”可知，这对父母很开明，尊重孩子的决定，故选D。
题型05 写作意图推测题
【题型诠释】
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路，推测作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。
写作意图推测题的常见设问方式有：
Fr what purpse did the authr write the passage?
The writer writes this passage in rder t _________.
The purpse f the text is t _________.
What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
The writer uses…in the first paragraph t ________.
The writer uses the example f….t _________.
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
【典例5】(2023上·湖南长沙·高三雅礼中学校考期中)
The mst valuable thing I ever lst was a pair f diamnd earrings I bught many years ag at a charity auctin (拍卖会). Thugh very beautiful, they were heavy and turned ut t be painful t wear. I wrte abut the lst earrings in my new children’s bk, The Christmas Pig. When they reach the Land f the Lst, where the her must g t rescue his mst belved ty, my earrings are angry that they aren’t treated with the respect they think they deserve. They sn find ut that being made f diamnds cunts fr very little in the strange wrld where human-made bjects g when lst, because a thing’s imprtance there depends n hw much it’s truly lved.
The Christmas Pig explres a deep attachment t an ld bject. It’s abut the jurney f a by, Jack, wh is a little lst himself but discvers his bravery and ability t lve in a strange wrld. Of all the bks I’ve written, this is the ne that made me cry the mst, because I was dealing with emtins that run deep in all f us. Lss and change are hard fr children, and acceptance f these unavidable parts f life isn’t much easier fr adults. The Christmas Pig shws hw human beings-even small, lst nes-are capable f wnderful, heric acts.
A very strange thing happened n the day I finished editing The Christmas Pig. After emailing the final versin t my editr, I set abut clearing ut a cupbard. The last bject I picked up was a small bx. I pened it. There were my lng-lst diamnd earrings. I’ve decided t sell them and give the mney t a charity. I think it will be a nice ending fr my earrings’ stry t have them d sme gd fr children in the Land f the Living.
Hw many times have I been asked whether I believe in magic? On the day I finished The Christmas Pig, fr a few shining mments, I really did.
27. What des the authr want t tell us thrugh the stry f her earrings?
A. Magic in bks can happen in real life.B. Smetimes warm magic can happen in life.
C. We shuld dnate t help thse in need.D. Lst things will turn up sner r later.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hw many times have I been asked whether I believe in magic? On the day I finished The Christmas Pig, fr a few shining mments, I really did.(有多少次我被问到是否相信魔法？在我完成《圣诞猪》的那一天，我真的做到了)”可推知，作者想通过她丢失耳环的故事告诉我们，有时书中的魔法也会发生在现实生活中。故选B。
高考练场
题型01 细节推断题
(2023年新高考全国I卷C篇)
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
30. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
题型02 因果推断题
(2022年新高考全国I卷D篇)
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Mran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
题型03 人物性格，态度及观点判断题
(2023年新高考全国I卷D篇)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】D
【解析】作者观点推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
题型04 猜测想象推理题
(2022年新高考全国I卷B篇)
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。
题型05 写作意图推测题
(2022年新高考全国I卷D篇)
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there —brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins”和最后一段“He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.”可知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·山东济宁·高三曲阜一中校考期中)
September Classes
When: September 1, 15 & 28, 2024, frm 10 am t 11:30 am
Applicatin Deadline: August 28, 2024
Cst: $12 per participant
Lcatin: Ck Museum f Natural Science, 133 Furth Avenue, Decatur, Alabama
Registratin:
Limited spts are available. Thse wh wuld like t participate in the class shuld register and pay the $12 fee in advance. Admissin t the Exhibits is nt included. There are tw ways t register: g t the Guest Services desk in the museum directly r cntact the Grup Sales department during regular weekday business hurs at grups @ckmuseum.rg r (256) 898-6312.
September Class Tpics:
1. What is the clsing date fr September Classes registratin?
A. August 28.B. September 1.C. September 15.D. September 28.
2. Hw can participants sign up fr the classes?
A. G t the Grup Sales department.B. Visit the Guest Services desk in persn.
C. Call (256) 898-6312 n weekends.D. Email Ck Museum’s website.
3. What can participants d in the class fr K-4th students?
A. Tur arund a weather statin.B. Explre lcal animals and plants.
C. Observe natural disasters utdrs.D. Learn the secrets behind the weather.
B
(2023上·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校考阶段练习) Everyne tries their best in life, and smetimes a few kind wrds f encuragement can help peple realize that their effrts are nt in vain (徒劳). Ⅰ remember a time when I was in fifth grade, and I was a very shy girl.
There was a drawing cmpetitin at my schl that day. As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (画布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”
Taking her wrds f wisdm t heart, I started my painting. Time flew by, and sn the bell rang, signaling the end f the time limit. We all turned in ur canvases fr inspectin (检查). The next day, the winners f the cmpetitin were annunced in frnt f the whle schl. T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.
Later n, I expressed my gratitude t my art teacher fr her wrds f encuragement and fr believing in me. That day, I became aware f my talent and started painting mre whenever I had free time. Smetimes, I think that if it weren’t fr her wrds f encuragement, I may have never discvered the talent I have.
Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life.
4. What was the authr ding when called by the art teacher?
A. Organizing a drawing cmpetitin.B. Trying t get sme creative ideas.
C. Painting her wrk n her canvas.D. Trying t get help frm thers.
5. What did the authr think f the cmpetitin?
A. Easy.B. Interesting.C. Challenging.D. Encuraging.
6. What d the underlined wrds “blt frm the blue” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Addictin.B. Puzzlement.C. Disappintment.D. Surprise.
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Pwer f EncuragementB. The Imprtance f Art Cmpetitins
C. Overcming Shyness Thrugh PaintingD. Discvering Yur Great Natural Ability
C
(2023上·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校考阶段练习) After cllege I wanted t make a difference in the wrld, s I jined the Peace Crps and became a vlunteer teacher in Namibia, my cuntry f assignment (任务). Hnestly, my first chice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I was sent there.
Varius tribes and racial grups live in Namibia and a number f languages are spken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the fficial language. Teachers were suppsed t teach in English, but many lacked the language skills t d s. My jb was t train the teachers.
Schls were quite bare. Sme classrms cnsisted merely f sticks stuck in the sand and a metal rf. Each student had nly ne threadbare unifrm. The students had exhausting days. They walked miles t get t schl, ften bareft. They als did many daily chres. Even with their muntains f wrk, few pssessins and little pprtunity, these children were jyful. I admired that.
This was my first time living abrad in a different culture. Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. I had n electricity, running water, phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! Hwever, I culd end each day with a splendid African sunset. And at night, I culd have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way (银河).
Befre Namibia, I never thught a girl like me wuld adapt t such an envirnment. My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves, but als ur amazing ability t adapt.
Step utside f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yurself in anther culture. Yu wn’t regret it.
8. What d we knw abut Namibia befre 1990?
A. Everyne culd speak many languages.B. Teachers taught English as an fficial language.
C. It was ruled by ther cuntries.D. Teachers had a gd cmmand f English.
9. What des the underlined wrd “threadbare” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Ancient.B. Uncmfrtable.C. Ugly.D. Shabby.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes the authr accrding t Paragraph 4?
A. Hnest and fearless.B. Brave and clever.
C. Adaptable and ptimistic.D. Generus and kind.
11. Why did the authr feel grateful t vlunteer in Namibia?
A. She gained pure friendship frm African children.
B. The beautiful scenery in Africa impressed her a lt.
C. She succeeded in challenging her limits.
D. Africans’ hard life tuched her deeply.
D
(2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习) Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.
Cameras revealed an “amazing” drp in the number f animals up t 23 days befre a majr quake hit their rainfrest hme at Yanachaga Natinal Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, frm Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results shwed that just befre the earthquake, animals’ activity drpped right dwn.”
On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake.
Anther study shwed that animal activity remained nrmal in the park ver a different perid when seismic (地震的) activity was lw. C-authr, prfessr Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were lcated at an altitude f 900 meters. If air inizatin ccurred, the animals wuld escape t the valley belw, where there were fewer psitive ins ( 离子). With their ability t sense their envirnment, animals can help us understand small changes that ccur befre majr earthquakes.”
Other evidence suggested that befre the earthquake, the air arund the high muntain sites filled with psitive ins that can be prduced when rcks are placed under stress. Psitive ins have been knwn t cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. The findings may help experts develp better shrt-term seismic frecasts.
12. Hw did scientists cnduct the study?
A. By cmparing different animals’ habits.B. By bserving animals in high muntains.
C. By explaining the psitive in phenmenn.D. By analyzing images f animals they btained.
13. What can be inferred frm animal activity befre earthquakes?
A. The grund at a lwer altitude is less inized.
B. Cameras nrmally recrd mre animals per day.
C. Earthquake warnings can be detected in lwer places.
D. The activity f animals and earthquakes is cnsistent.
14. What can we learn frm the text?
A. The findings make fr accurate seismic frecast.
B. Animals tend t be uneasy with mre psitive ins.
C. Psitive ins make humans and animals depressed.
D. All the animals remain abnrmal befre the earthquake.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Negative Influence f Psitive Ins.B. Ins’ Destructin t the Envirnment.
C. Animals’ Behavir Befre Earthquakes.D. Creatures’ Ability t Predict Earthquakes.
参考答案与解析
A篇
1. A 2. B 2. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了九月课程的具体信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据Applicatin Deadline部分的August 28, 2024(2024年8月28日)”可知，9月班报名截止日期为8月28日。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Registratin部分的“There are tw ways t register: g t the Guest Services desk in the museum directly r cntact the Grup Sales department during regular weekday business hurs at grups@ckmuseum.rg r (256) 898-6312.(报名有两种方式:直接到博物馆的宾客服务台，或在工作日正常营业时间内致电grups@ckmuseum.rg或(256)898-6312与集团销售部联系。)”可知，学员可亲自到宾客服务台报名参加课程。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据Weather Watchers部分的“With Weather Watchers, participants step int the shes f meterlgists (气象学家) and learn the frmatin f lcal weather events. …Tgether, they will explre why these lcal weather events are s imprtant t native animals and plants.(在“天气观察者”项目中，参与者将扮演气象学家的角色，了解当地天气事件的形成。互动演示让参与者在教室里观察云、闪电和风暴的发展。参与者还将共同创建自己的气象站。他们将一起探索为什么这些当地的天气事件对本地动植物如此重要。)”可推知，参与者可以在这个课堂上了解天气背后的秘密。故选D。
B篇
4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己的一次参赛经历来证明鼓励的重要性。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段“As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind.(当每个人都开始用他们的创意来画画时，我只是想一些能表达我想法和情绪的创意。我迷失在自己的世界里，当我的艺术老师从背后呼唤我的名字时，我又回到了现实)”可知，当艺术老师叫作者时，作者正在努力获得一些富有创造力的思路。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“As everyne started t use their creative ideas t draw, I was nly trying t think f smething creative that culd express my thughts and emtins. Lst in my wn wrld, I was brught back t reality when my art teacher called my name frm behind. She came t me and encuraged me, saying, “Dn’t verthink it, just put whatever cmes t yur mind n the canvas (画布). D yur best, and yu will d well.”(当每个人都开始用他们的创意来画画时，我只是想一些能表达我想法和情绪的创意。我迷失在自己的世界里，当我的艺术老师从背后呼唤我的名字时，我又回到了现实。她走到我面前鼓励我，说：“不要想得太多，只要把你想到的都写在画布上。尽你所能，你就会做得很好。”)”可知，别的学生已经开始画画了，但是作者还在苦苦构思；且艺术老师对作者说：“不要想太多，只要把你想到的东西画在画布上就行了。”这些都说明作者觉得这次比赛对自己来说很难，很有挑战性。故选C。
6. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“T my surprise, I heard my name being called secnd prize. It was a blt frm the blue fr me, as I had never dared t dream f winning any prize.(令我惊讶的是，我听到二等奖里有自己的名字。这对我来说是blt frm the blue，因为我从来不敢梦想赢得任何奖项)”可知，作者做梦都不敢想能得到任何奖品，所以听到自己获奖的消息后感到非常惊讶，划线部分表示“震惊，惊讶”,与surprise同义。故选D。
7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overall, this experience taught me the imprtance f encuraging thers and hw a few kind wrds can make a significant impact n smene’s life.(总的来说，这段经历教会了我鼓励他人的重要性，以及几句友善的话如何对某人的生活产生重大影响)”以及文章内容可知，作者通过讲述自己的一次参赛经历来证明鼓励的重要性，所以“鼓励的力量”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
C篇
8. C 9. D 10. C 11. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到非洲做志愿者的工作经历以及感悟。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Namibia gained independence in 1990”可知，纳米比亚在1990年获得独立，所以在1990年以前纳米比亚是被其他国家统治的，故选C。
9. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“ften bareft”以及“few pssessins”可知，孩子们的生活非常艰苦，而且由画线词前面的“nly ne”可知，他们每人仅有一件校服，所以“threadbare”应表示“破旧的”，故只有D项“shabby”符合语境，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Simply adapting t the living cnditins was a big adjustment. ”(仅仅是适应生活条件就需要很大的调整)可知作者适应了当地的生活环境，体现出其适应能力很强。根据“I had n electricity，running water，phne r Internet. Imagine n air cnditining where the temperature was ften abve 38 degrees Celsius! ”(没有电，没有自来水，没有电话，也没有互联网。想象一下，没有空调，那里的温度往往高于38摄氏度)可知纳米比亚的生活条件很艰苦，可是作者却能“end each day with a splendid African sunset”(在灿烂的非洲日落中结束每一天)以及“have an incredible pllutin-free view f the entire Milky Way”(欣赏瑰丽的银河系)，由此可知，作者是一个非常乐观的人，故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I am extremely grateful that I was sent there”(我很感激被派到那里)以及倒数第二段中的“My experience awakened me t nt nly the limitatins we place n urselves，but als ur amazing ability t adapt.”（我的经历不仅让我意识到我们给自己设置的限制，也让我意识到我们惊人的适应能力）和最后一段内容可知，这段经历让作者意识到走出自己的舒适区并且在另一个环境中挑战自己的极限的重要意义，所以关于这段经历她心存感激。C项中的“challenging her limits”照应了文中的“awakened me t nt nly the limitatins”，故选C。
D篇
12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。
12. 细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake. (在平常的一天，放置在Yanachaga国家公园周围的摄像机记录了5到15只动物。但在地震前的23天，动物的数量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震前的七天中，有五天根本没有拍摄到任何动物)”可知，在地震前后摄像机捕捉到的动物的图像的数量是有所变化的。由此可知，科学家通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选D。
13. 推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。他们被认为逃到了较低的地面，那里的空气电离程度较低。)”可知，从地震前的动物活动中可以推断出海拔较低的地面电离程度较低。故选A。
14. 细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到动物往往对较多的正离子感到不安。故选B。
15. 主旨大意题。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。文章第一段讲到“Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.(动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电力来预测地震—这是第一项发现这种现象可靠证据的研究。)”可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合这篇文章的标题。故选C。
项目
年份 卷别
语篇类型
题型
应用文
记叙文
说明文
议论文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨要义
词义猜测
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全国甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全国乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全国甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全国乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全国甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全国乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全国I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全国Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2
All Abut Squid (鱿鱼)
Grade Levels: 5th-12th
Maximum: 15 participants
Investigate the amazing bdy structure f these creatures!Mst peple refer t squid as great fd and the glden fried rings are hard t resist, but fr researchers, these creatures have been subjects f scientific study fr fur decades. In this interactive class, participants will cut pen a squid and study hw their unique design allws them t catch fd and escape frm enemies.
Weather Watchers Grade Levels: K-4th
Maximum: 10 participants
Weather events such as cluds, lightning and strms can be s astnishing that we smetimes frget that it isn’t magic — it is SCIENCE!With Weather Watchers, participants step int the shes f meterlgists (气象学家) and learn the frmatin f lcal weather events. Interactive demnstratins allw the participants t watch the develpment f cluds, lightning and strms in the classrm. Participants will als wrk tgether t create their wn weather statin. Tgether, they will explre why these lcal weather events are s imprtant t native animals and plants.
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